CN110137967A - A kind of large-scale electrical power system trend convergence method of adjustment for key node - Google Patents

A kind of large-scale electrical power system trend convergence method of adjustment for key node Download PDF

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CN110137967A
CN110137967A CN201910388541.9A CN201910388541A CN110137967A CN 110137967 A CN110137967 A CN 110137967A CN 201910388541 A CN201910388541 A CN 201910388541A CN 110137967 A CN110137967 A CN 110137967A
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data
trend
convergence
iteration
node
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CN110137967B (en
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安军
宋俊达
周毅博
葛维春
周东皓
乔雪婧
邓子晗
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State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
Northeast Electric Power University
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Northeast Dianli University
State Grid Liaoning Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]

Abstract

The present invention is a kind of large-scale electrical power system trend convergence method of adjustment for key node, its main feature is that passing through the intermediate data of Newton iteration method (Newton-Raphson) iteration, establishes the constringent judge index of trend;Specific meaning identification crucial effect node and factor according to representated by index value;Trend convergence domain is portrayed according to crucial effect node and factor;It relies on different adjustment targets and contents is adjusted etc. to critical data amount.With scientific and reasonable, the advantages that strong applicability, effect is good, it can be adjusted for electric network swim and intuitive foundation be provided.

Description

A kind of large-scale electrical power system trend convergence method of adjustment for key node
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric power system tide analysis field, be it is a kind of using iteration average information differentiate trend convergence, Identify key node, and the method for defining trend convergence domain, being adjusted using trend convergence domain to key node data.
Background technique
Load flow calculation is of great significance to the planning and designing and optimization operation of power grid.For with the extensive of heavy load Electric system is easy to appear the case where Load flow calculation is not restrained.Cause the not convergent factor of trend numerous, there is algorithm, model ginseng Number and injection data etc. are widely applied and electrical network parameter has been subjected to since Newton-like method has been obtained when solving Power Flow Problem It repeatedly corrects, it has been generally acknowledged that injection the unreasonable of data is to cause the not convergent major reason of trend in engineering.For extensive Power System Analysis, how from numerous injection data the constringent critical data of positioning effects trend, and provide adjustable strategies, Trend convergence is improved, quite there is more practical value.It is existing mainly to emphasize to improve using algorithm about the constringent method of adjustment of trend Mode expand so that the convergent section of trend, thus form planning class method, Homotopy Method, the side Levenberg-Marquard A series of tidal current computing methods such as method.However existing research institute proposes that method of adjustment stresses to emphasize power generation node to the whole network power Compensation lacks directly identification and adjustable strategies for crucial injection data.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: making up existing globality method of adjustment can not position, it is specific to influence section The deficiency of point and factor, emphasizes the identification and adjustment to the not convergent key node of trend is caused, and proposes that one kind is scientific and reasonable, fits Strong with property, effect is good, can adjust for electric network swim and provide the large-scale electrical power system tide for key node of intuitive foundation Flow convergence method of adjustment.
The scheme for solving the use of its technical problem is: a kind of large-scale electrical power system trend convergence for key node Method of adjustment, feature include: to establish trend convergence by the intermediate data of Newton iteration method (Newton-Raphson) iteration The judge index of property;Specific meaning identification crucial effect node and factor according to representated by index value;According to crucial effect section Point and factor portray trend convergence domain;Different adjustment targets are relied on to be adjusted critical data amount;Particular content are as follows:
1) by the intermediate data of Newton iteration method (Newton-Raphson) trend iteration, establish that trend is constringent to be sentenced Severed finger mark: the pilot process data of trend iteration contain the important information of power grid, see in isolation, each trend iterative solution knot Fruit can represent an independent trend form, i.e., the electrical magnitude relation of each node meets physics law, and redundant power is all Undertaken by balance nodes, due to calculated result and injection numerical value between error be unable to satisfy required precision, so just need into Row iterates, and therefore, from continuous, the situation of change of data is able to reflect the convergence energy of power flow equation between iteration twice Power, if iterative process fall into a trap count according to gradually level off to injection data, illustrate this iterative process to convergence direction develop, A possibility that trend restrains is larger, in Newton iteration method calculating process, | Δ y(k)| as the amount of unbalance of each node power, body The situation of change for having showed error between the calculated value of each node power and injection data in iterative process, thus establishes index:
The then trend condition of convergence are as follows:
In formulaFor key factor discriminant criterion;K indicates the number of iterations;kmaxIndicate preset maximum number of iterations;Δy Indicate node power amount of unbalance;μ indicates preset iterative solution precision;
2) specific meaning identification crucial effect node and factor according to representated by index value: by Δ y(k)Reflect power The characteristic of error between calculated value and injection data proposes that a kind of identification trend does not restrain the method for key factor, Newton iteration During method Load flow calculation, Δ x(k)With Δ y(k)The precision of flow solution can be embodied, but meaning representated by the two is not Together, Δ x(k)The difference that state variable changes between iterative calculation twice is represented, as Δ x(k)It, can be anti-when gradually tending to reduce The situation of change for reflecting state variable gradually tends towards stability;And Δ y(k)The error between calculated value and true value is then represented, for containing For equation group higher than two independents variable, error between calculated value and true value is just by | Δ y(k)| in maximum value determine, when | Δy(k)| when gradually tending to reduce, then explanation in the iterative process, just gradually approach to injection data direction by iterative calculation amount, Compared to Δ x(k)For, Δ y(k)With more specific practical significance, EmaxUnder bigger expression secondary iteration, calculated value relatively injects number Error is larger between, opposite, EmaxIt is smaller then to indicate that calculated value is closer to injection data in the secondary iteration;
3) portray trend convergence domain according to crucial effect node and factor: trend convergence domain refers to all meeting trend meter The set for calculating the operation point data of the condition of convergence, is not restrained key factor according to the trend picked out, is converged to Load flow calculation Boundary condition portrays trend convergence domain, and the positional relationship with data point relative to convergence domain boundary provides the amendment scheme of data, When data point is located within convergence domain, Load flow calculation convergence;When other than data point being located at convergence domain, Load flow calculation cannot be received It holds back, convergence domain can be portrayed to infinite dimension theoretically, but be higher than two-dimensional convergence domain and be unfavorable for analyzing subsequent trend amendment, Therefore for picking out the problem of factor it is more than two, multiple the two-dimensional fields can be drawn and analyzed respectively;
4) different adjustment targets are relied on to be adjusted critical data amount: when Load flow calculation is not restrained, i.e. data point When other than convergence domain, data point data is corrected, data point is pulled within convergence domain, that is, realized through the crucial control of amendment Convergent trend is adjusted to restrain by variable, is used to correct individual data as the data correction scheme of target and to correct data The data correction scheme of the minimum target of total amount is as the core of the data correction scheme of target using correcting individual data, is asked Access strong point is parallel to the shortest distance on change in coordinate axis direction to convergence boundary, but when data deviation is more, when departure is larger Adjustment amount then can be very much;When the data correction scheme to correct the minimum target of total amount of data, one can be theoretically found Boundary point restrains Load flow calculation, but in the actual operation process, and the distance on data point to convergence boundary should not then be sought, and two Kind target cuts both ways, and should accordingly be used in combination depending on objectives in practical application.
One kind of the invention directly can position and adjust the method for causing trend not restrain critical issue, due to utilizing ox Iterative method (Newton-Raphson) iterative calculation, analyzes the changing rule of trend iteration intermediate data, in iterative process The situation of change of variable is controlled as the diagnostic criteria for causing Load flow calculation not restrain critical data, by comparison trend iteration Error relationship between calculation amount and injection data, identification cause the not convergent critical data of trend, establish and differentiate Load flow calculation Constringent index;It proposes trend convergence domain, trend convergence domain is introduced into the evaluation and amendment of flow data, with trend Calculating converges to boundary condition, seeks that the convergent peak load of trend can be made under current operating conditions, obtains trend convergence domain side Boundary is modified critical data by data point and the positional relationship on convergence domain boundary.With scientific and reasonable, strong applicability, The advantages that effect is good.A kind of visual reference foundation that can directly adjust node data can be provided for power grid operation personnel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is iterative process schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is to correct schematic diagram of the individual data as target;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram to correct the minimum target of total amount of data;
Fig. 4 each node active power correction amount P schematic diagram when being the 9th iteration;
Fig. 5 is P15-P12Convergence domain schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
A kind of large-scale electrical power system trend for key node of the invention is received below with drawings and examples Holding back property method of adjustment is described further.
A kind of large-scale electrical power system trend convergence method of adjustment for key node, characterized in that it includes: logical The intermediate data for crossing Newton iteration method (Newton-Raphson) iteration establishes the constringent judge index of trend;According to index The representative specific meaning identification crucial effect node of value and factor;Trend convergence is portrayed according to crucial effect node and factor Domain;Different adjustment targets are relied on to be adjusted critical data amount;Particular content are as follows:
1) by the intermediate data of Newton iteration method (Newton-Raphson) trend iteration, establish that trend is constringent to be sentenced Severed finger mark: the pilot process data of trend iteration contain the important information of power grid, see in isolation, each trend iterative solution knot Fruit can represent an independent trend form, i.e., the electrical magnitude relation of each node meets physics law, and redundant power is all Undertaken by balance nodes, due to calculated result and injection numerical value between error be unable to satisfy required precision, so just need into Row iterates, and therefore, from continuous, the situation of change of data is able to reflect the convergence energy of power flow equation between iteration twice Power, if iterative process fall into a trap count according to gradually level off to injection data, illustrate this iterative process to convergence direction develop, A possibility that trend restrains is larger, in Newton iteration method calculating process, | Δ y(k)| as the amount of unbalance of each node power, body The situation of change for having showed error between the calculated value of each node power and injection data in iterative process, thus establishes index:
The then trend condition of convergence are as follows:
In formulaFor key factor discriminant criterion;K indicates the number of iterations;kmaxIndicate preset maximum number of iterations;Δ Y indicates node power amount of unbalance;μ indicates preset iterative solution precision;
2) specific meaning identification crucial effect node and factor according to representated by index value: by Δ y(k)Reflect power The characteristic of error between calculated value and injection data proposes that a kind of identification trend does not restrain the method for key factor, Newton iteration During method Load flow calculation, Δ x(k)With Δ y(k)The precision of flow solution can be embodied, but meaning representated by the two is not Together, Δ x(k)The difference that state variable changes between iterative calculation twice is represented, as Δ x(k)It, can be anti-when gradually tending to reduce The situation of change for reflecting state variable gradually tends towards stability;And Δ y(k)The error between calculated value and true value is then represented, for containing For equation group higher than two independents variable, error between calculated value and true value is just by | Δ y(k)| in maximum value determine, when | Δy(k)| when gradually tending to reduce, then explanation in the iterative process, just gradually approach to injection data direction by iterative calculation amount, Compared to Δ x(k)For, Δ y(k)With more specific practical significance, EmaxUnder bigger expression secondary iteration, calculated value relatively injects number Error is larger between, opposite, EmaxIt is smaller then to indicate that calculated value is closer to injection data in the secondary iteration;
3) portray trend convergence domain according to crucial effect node and factor: trend convergence domain refers to all meeting trend meter The set for calculating the operation point data of the condition of convergence, is not restrained key factor according to the trend picked out, is converged to Load flow calculation Boundary condition portrays trend convergence domain, and the positional relationship with data point relative to convergence domain boundary provides the amendment scheme of data, When data point is located within convergence domain, Load flow calculation convergence;When other than data point being located at convergence domain, Load flow calculation cannot be received It holds back, convergence domain can be portrayed to infinite dimension theoretically, but be higher than two-dimensional convergence domain and be unfavorable for analyzing subsequent trend amendment, Therefore for picking out the problem of factor it is more than two, multiple the two-dimensional fields can be drawn and analyzed respectively;
4) different adjustment targets are relied on to be adjusted critical data amount: when Load flow calculation is not restrained, i.e. data point When other than convergence domain, data point data is corrected, data point is pulled within convergence domain, that is, realized through the crucial control of amendment Convergent trend is adjusted to restrain by variable, is used to correct individual data as the data correction scheme of target and to correct data The data correction scheme of the minimum target of total amount is as the core of the data correction scheme of target using correcting individual data, is asked Access strong point is parallel to the shortest distance on change in coordinate axis direction to convergence boundary, but when data deviation is more, when departure is larger Adjustment amount then can be very much;When the data correction scheme to correct the minimum target of total amount of data, one can be theoretically found Boundary point restrains Load flow calculation, but in the actual operation process, and the distance on data point to convergence boundary should not then be sought, and two Kind target cuts both ways, and should accordingly be used in combination depending on objectives in practical application.
Trend iterative process according to figure 1 it is found that for convergent trend, | Δ y(k)| in each amount in iteration mistake Cheng Zhongying gradually tends to reduce, and when trend iteration is difficult to restrain, | Δ y(k)| can then occur concussion even be mutated, always without Method meets required precision.Take each iteration in calculating process | Δ y(k)| maximum absolute value value is denoted as Emax.Work as EmaxIn iterative process In gradually tend to reduce when, Load flow calculation just towards restrain direction develop, work as EmaxTrend when being finally decreased to meet required precision Calculating is judged to restraining.If EmaxAppearance shakes and can not be decreased to meet required precision, trend always under regulation the number of iterations Calculating does not restrain then.
Two, E in calculating process is takenmaxThe smallest an iteration, then the calculated value of the secondary iteration closest to injection data, If E at this timemaxRepresent active departure, then it is assumed that there are problem, idle data not to change for the active data of the system;If at this time EmaxRepresent idle departure, then it is assumed that there are problem, active power data not to change for the System Reactive Power data.Pass through observation Δ y at this time(k)Which of amount it is larger, just explanation calculated value closest to injection data when, this tittle is still difficult to restrain, Lead to the not convergent key node of trend and factor to pick out.
Three, assume that the key factor picked out is the active-power P of i-th, two node of ji、Pj, then with PiFor horizontal axis, PjFor The longitudinal axis, trend converge to boundary condition, do trend convergence domain:
(1)PjZero setting, with fixed step size by PiIt is not restrained by zero growth rate to trend, obtains PjP when being zeroiMaximum value Pimax, This PimaxThe as maximum value of convergence domain on transverse axis;
(2) in section [0, Pimax] in, equidistantly it is inserted into n node Pi (k)(wherein k=0,1,2 ... ..., n) is utilized Dichotomy seeks each Pi (k)Under cause the not convergent P of trendjMaximum valueTo obtain the side of n trend convergence domain Boundary's point;
(3) curve for being fitted to above-mentioned boundary point, as trend restrain boundary, boundary and reference axis area defined As trend convergence domain, the region other than convergence domain are known as not convergence region.
Four, when to correct individual data as target: the position where intersection point to restrain boundary and reference axis, perpendicular to Reference axis does vertical line, convergence region can be divided into I, II, III, IV 4 piece of region, as shown in Figure 2.
(1) when data point is in region I, by taking data point 1 as an example.Since data point is less than the maximum on convergence boundary Value, individually correcting any one horizontal, axis of ordinates amount can be such that trend restrains.Cross of the correlation data point relative to convergence boundary To and fore-and-aft distance, take shortest distance as the modified measure of trend under this data point.
(2) when data point is in region II, by taking data point 2 as an example.Since data point at this time has been more than convergence boundary Maximum value P on longitudinal axisjmax, at this time if individually correcting PiData can not make trend reach convergence again, therefore by PjMake For correction amount.Using data point to the fore-and-aft distance on convergence boundary as P at this timejCorrection amount.
(3) when data point is in region III, by taking data point 3 as an example.Since data point at this time has been more than convergence boundary Maximum value on transverse axis, at this time if individually correcting PjData can not make trend reach convergence again, therefore by PiAs repairing Positive quantity.Using data point to the fore-and-aft distance on convergence boundary as P at this timeiCorrection amount.
When to correct total amount of data minimum target: amendment total amount of data minimum i.e. data point to the distance for restraining boundary It is most short, as shown in Figure 3.When target minimum with modified total amount of data, cross data point do data point to restrain boundary vertical line, Hand over boundary in point A, then line AM is the shortest distance of the data point to convergence boundary between data point and intersection point, and AM is decomposed into Two components of transverse and longitudinal, horizontal component OM are PiCorrection amount, indulge component OA be PjCorrection amount.
Below with reference to the feasibility of specific verification experimental verification above scheme, it is detailed in and is described below:
It is as follows using a province in China grade 220kV and above power system simulation model, power grid essential information: total node Number 177, wherein 500kV node 17,220kV node 126, transformer intermediate node 34, transmission line of electricity and transformer Winding branch 301.Power flow simulation calculating is restrained not by 3 times of the expansion of the whole network load.
With trend successive iteration, for Δ y after four iteration, the larger value is gradually concentrated in neighbouring several of 15 nodes In node, and other node regulation amounts are significantly smaller, review Δ x and do not embody apparent Characteristics of Mutation in each secondary iteration, And Δ x need to calculate Δ y as amount indirectly by Jacobian matrix, and by Δ y and injection data opening relationships, thus illustrate root Differentiate that the method for causing Load flow calculation not restrain critical data has some superiority according to Δ y.
E under each secondary iterationmaxSituation is shown in Table 1, it is seen that E when the 9th iterationmaxMinimum, E at this timemaxRepresent Section 15 Point active power correction amount P15, when illustrating the calculation amount of the trend iteration closest to injection data, the active amendment of Section 15 point Amount is maximum.9th time iteration whole active power correction amount situation is as shown in Figure 4.Correct numerical quantity descending front three point Not are as follows: Δ P15、ΔP12、ΔP10, and the biggish several nodes of correction amount deviation constitute looped network on Topology connection, in looped network Section 15 point burden with power it is heavier, baneful influence is caused to the power flow of ring net.
Situation under each secondary iteration of table 1
Trend convergence domain is portrayed with maximum two nodes of the 9th iteration active power correction amount, as shown in Figure 5.Currently Data point position not yet crosses convergence domain transverse and longitudinal axis maximum value, that is, is located within region I shown in Fig. 2.If selection modification is single Data are adjusted current trend, then Δ P15Minimum adjustment amount is 0.511 [p.u.], and minimum adjustment amount is 0.1205 [p.u.], Section 12 point adjustment amount is smaller, therefore selects that Section 12 point is active is adjusted, adjustment amount 0.1205 [p.u.].
By the amendment of flow data, Load flow calculation is re-started.Load flow calculation reaches receipts by 12 iteration after adjustment It holds back, the iteration error for adjusting front and back is as shown in table 2 below.
Each secondary iteration error before and after 2 load flow rectification of table
By being analyzed above it is found that the invention proposes one kind to lead to the not convergent critical data differentiation side of Load flow calculation Method, this method are based on the variation characteristic of Newton iteration method (Newton-Raphson) trend iteration intermediate data, establish trend meter Constringent discriminant criterion is calculated, so that directly positioning leads to the not convergent key input data of Load flow calculation, is mentioned for load flow rectification Direct basis is supplied.In addition, defining trend convergence domain by the thought in domain, pass through comparison current data point to convergence domain boundary Relative position, to Abnormal Load Flow of Power Systems carry out respective objects under data correction so that Load flow calculation is restrained again.The present invention Mentioned method emphasizes injection data to the constringent impact evaluation of trend, when overcoming trend and not restraining, it is difficult to recognize leading shadow The problem of ringing node.
The above specific embodiment is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention, rather than its limitations, fields it is general Lead to it is to be understood by the skilled artisans that any type of modification, equivalent variations are in right of the present invention referring to made by above-described embodiment Within the scope of claimed.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of large-scale electrical power system trend convergence method of adjustment for key node, feature includes: to pass through newton The intermediate data of iterative method (Newton-Raphson) iteration, establishes the constringent judge index of trend;According to index value institute's generation The specific meaning identification crucial effect node and factor of table;Trend convergence domain is portrayed according to crucial effect node and factor;It relies on Difference adjustment target is adjusted critical data amount;Particular content are as follows:
1) intermediate data for passing through Newton iteration method (Newton-Raphson) trend iteration is established the constringent judgement of trend and is referred to Mark: the pilot process data of trend iteration contain the important information of power grid, see in isolation, and each trend iterative solution result is all An independent trend form can be represented, i.e., the electrical magnitude relation of each node meets physics law, and redundant power is all by putting down Weighing apparatus node undertakes, since the error between calculated result and injection numerical value is unable to satisfy required precision, so just needing to carry out anti- Multiple iteration, therefore, from continuous, the situation of change of data is able to reflect the convergence capabilities of power flow equation between iteration twice, If iterative process fall into a trap count according to gradually level off to injection data, illustrate this iterative process to convergence direction develop, tide A possibility that stream convergence, is larger, in Newton iteration method calculating process, | Δ y(k)| as the amount of unbalance of each node power, embody In iterative process between the calculated value of each node power and injection data error situation of change, thus establish index:
The then trend condition of convergence are as follows:
In formulaFor key factor discriminant criterion;K indicates the number of iterations;kmaxIndicate preset maximum number of iterations;Δ y is indicated Node power amount of unbalance;μ indicates preset iterative solution precision;
2) specific meaning identification crucial effect node and factor according to representated by index value: by Δ y(k)Reflect power calculation The characteristic of error between value and injection data proposes that a kind of identification trend does not restrain the method for key factor, Newton iteration method tide During stream calculation, Δ x(k)With Δ y(k)The precision of flow solution can be embodied, but meaning representated by the two is different, Δ x(k)The difference that state variable changes between iterative calculation twice is represented, as Δ x(k)When gradually tending to reduce, it is able to reflect shape The situation of change of state variable gradually tends towards stability;And Δ y(k)The error between calculated value and true value is then represented, is higher than for containing For the equation group of two independents variable, error between calculated value and true value is just by | Δ y(k)| in maximum value determine, as | Δ y(k) | when gradually tending to reduce, then explanation in the iterative process, just gradually approach to injection data direction by iterative calculation amount, compares Δx(k)For, Δ y(k)With more specific practical significance, EmaxUnder bigger expression secondary iteration, calculated value relatively injection data it Between error it is larger, opposite, EmaxIt is smaller then to indicate that calculated value is closer to injection data in the secondary iteration;
3) portray trend convergence domain according to crucial effect node and factor: trend convergence domain refers to that all Load flow calculations that meet are received The set for holding back the operation point data of condition does not restrain key factor according to the trend picked out, converges to boundary with Load flow calculation Condition portrays trend convergence domain, and the positional relationship with data point relative to convergence domain boundary provides the amendment scheme of data, works as number When strong point is located within convergence domain, Load flow calculation convergence;When other than data point being located at convergence domain, Load flow calculation cannot restrain, Convergence domain can be portrayed to infinite dimension theoretically, but be higher than two-dimensional convergence domain and be unfavorable for analyzing subsequent trend amendment, because The problem of this is for picking out factor is more than two, can draw multiple the two-dimensional fields and be analyzed respectively;
4) rely on different adjustment targets to be adjusted critical data amount: when Load flow calculation is not restrained, i.e., data point, which is located at, receives When holding back other than domain, data point data is corrected, data point is pulled within convergence domain, that is, realized by correcting key control variable Not convergent trend is adjusted to restrain, is used to correct individual data as the data correction scheme of target and to correct total amount of data The data correction scheme of minimum target is as the core of the data correction scheme of target using correcting individual data, seeks counting Strong point is parallel to the shortest distance on change in coordinate axis direction to convergence boundary, but when data deviation is more, adjusts when departure is larger Amount then can be very much;When the data correction scheme to correct the minimum target of total amount of data, a boundary can be theoretically found Point is so that Load flow calculation is restrained, but in the actual operation process, the distance on data point to convergence boundary should not then be sought, two kinds of mesh Mark cuts both ways, and should accordingly be used in combination depending on objectives in practical application.
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