CN110136909A - The grain boundary decision method of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet - Google Patents
The grain boundary decision method of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN110136909A CN110136909A CN201910427298.7A CN201910427298A CN110136909A CN 110136909 A CN110136909 A CN 110136909A CN 201910427298 A CN201910427298 A CN 201910427298A CN 110136909 A CN110136909 A CN 110136909A
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- rare earth
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- heavy rare
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grain boundary decision methods of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet.The grain boundary decision method includes the following steps: using machinable refractory material as material frame, sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice is buried and is overlying in heavy rare earth powder according to the heavy rare earth powder-stacking of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice-heavy rare earth powder three add mode, it is placed in the material frame, forms magnet to be spread.Method of the invention can reduce grain boundary diffusion process complexity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grain boundary decision methods of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet.
Background technique
With Nd2Fe14B neodymium iron boron as main component (NdFeB) permanent-magnet material remanent magnetism, coercivity and maximum with higher
Magnetic energy product, comprehensive magnetic can be excellent, are widely used in the fields such as wind-power electricity generation, new-energy automobile, frequency-conversion domestic electric appliances, energy-conserving elevator.
The Curie point of neodymium iron boron magnetic body is low, and temperature stability is poor, is not able to satisfy many new opplication fields height work temperature
Spend the requirement of (> 200 DEG C).Currently, main pass through addition heavy rare earth element dysprosium, terbium, the side such as transition element cobalt, niobium, molybdenum or gallium
Method improves coercivity and Curie temperature, to improve working temperature of magnet.For traditional smelting technology, heavy rare earth element
Addition is coercitive simultaneously in raising, and meeting and iron form antiferromagnetic coupling, to reduce remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product.
In recent years, grain boundary decision heavy rare earth has obtained extensive research.Make Sintered NdFeB magnet table by heat treatment process
The heavy rare earth element of face attachment can be such that heavy rare earth concentrates in this way and divide inside the grain boundary decision to Sintered NdFeB magnet of melting
Cloth improves the coercivity of magnet near Sintered NdFeB magnet crystal boundary, and remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product reduction are less.
Existing grain boundary diffusion process includes physical vapour deposition (PVD) (PVD) technology, and paint-on technique, magnetron sputtering are shaken in surface
Technology and electrophoretic coating technology.Above-mentioned technology progress heavy rare earth surface attaching process requires additional large size and coats dedicated set
It is standby, increase process complexity.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of grain boundary decision method of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, it can
Reduce grain boundary diffusion process complexity.The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization above-mentioned purpose.
The present invention provides a kind of grain boundary decision method of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet comprising following steps: with processable
Refractory material as material frame, according to heavy rare earth powder-three layers of superposition side of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice-heavy rare earth powder
Sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice is buried and is overlying in heavy rare earth powder by formula, is placed in the material frame, is formed magnet to be spread.On
Grain boundary decision method is stated, can reduce grain boundary diffusion process complexity.
In the present invention, sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is the intermetallic being mainly made of rare earth element nd and iron, boron
Object.Fe indicates ferro element.B indicates boron element.In heavy rare earth powder heavy rare earth element can for gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy),
The elements such as holmium (Ho).There is no limit as long as meet the smooth diffusion of the heavy rare earth of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet i.e. for the shape of material frame
It can.The average grain diameter of heavy rare earth powder can be 1~15 micron, preferably 2~10 microns, more preferably 2~6 microns.It can be with
It is big that heavy rare earth powder is broken by above-mentioned partial size using crushing device known in the art such as disc mill, ball mill etc.
It is small.The organic solvent that petroleum ether or dehydrated alcohol etc. do not react with heavy rare earth powder can be used when using crushing device
As protective agent.After heavy rare earth powder is broken, heavy rare earth powder can be collected into packaging belt, by its Vacuum Package or be put into
Inert gas shielding storehouse.
Grain boundary decision method according to the present invention, it is preferable that further include the preparation step for expecting frame: in machinable fire proofed wood
Expect that one or more groove type die cavitys are dug on surface.The shape of groove type die cavity is not intended to limit, and can have any shape；It is preferably round
Connected in star.The setting of groove type die cavity, can firmly fixed magnet, be conducive to control the one of the coating thickness of heavy rare earth powder
Cause property.In addition, groove type die cavity is also beneficial to the recycling of remaining heavy rare earth powder after grain boundary decision.Circular groove can be with
More securely fixed magnet, the preferably consistency of coating thickness of the control heavy rare earth powder in sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet,
To improve coercivity, remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product variation are smaller.
Grain boundary decision method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the internal diameter of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice is 8~15mm,
And with a thickness of 1~12mm.Method of the invention can also include that sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is cut into sintered NdFeB permanent magnet
The step of body thin slice.The internal diameter of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice is preferably 9~14mm, more preferably 10~12mm.It is sintered neodymium
The thickness of iron boron permanent magnet thin slice is preferably 2~10mm, more preferably 2~6mm.The thickness of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice exists
Can preferably be controlled when preferred scope heavy rare earth element in the distributing homogeneity of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet sheet surface and
The consistency of coating thickness, to improve coercivity, but remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product variation are smaller.In the present invention, the burning of well cutting
Knot Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet can be used 100~1000 mesh sand paper and its surface polished completely.The mesh number of sand paper is preferably 240~
1000 mesh.The sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet that sand paper has been polished can be used ethanol solution and clean its surface to no grease stain.
Grain boundary decision method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the forming step of three stacking add modes is as follows: in the groove
The intracavitary spreading a layer thickness of pattern is the heavy rare earth powder of 0.2~2mm, and the Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice is then placed in institute
It states in groove type die cavity, and comes into full contact with the lower surface of the Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice with heavy rare earth powder, then in institute
The upper surface spreading a layer thickness for stating Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice is the heavy rare earth powder of 0.2~2mm, forms magnetic to be spread
Body.The size of the surrounding of groove type die cavity is slightly larger than the corresponding size of the Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice；Preferably, institute
The size for stating the surrounding of groove type die cavity is greater than corresponding 0.5~5mm of size of the Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice, more excellent
It is selected as 1~3mm.The thickness of the heavy rare earth powder of spreading is preferably 0.3~1.5mm in groove type die cavity, more preferably 0.5~
1mm.The thickness of the heavy rare earth powder of Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice upper surface spreading is preferably 0.3~1.5mm, more preferably
0.5~1mm.Using the forming step of above-mentioned three stackings add mode, heavy rare earth powder can be preferably controlled in sintered NdFeB
The consistency of distributing homogeneity and coating thickness in permanent magnet, to improve coercivity, but remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product variation compared with
It is small.
Grain boundary decision method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the depth of the groove type die cavity is 2~15mm, and internal diameter is
10~20mm.The depth of groove type die cavity is preferably 3~12mm, more preferably 3~10mm.The internal diameter of groove type die cavity is preferably
10~18mm, more preferably 10~16mm.A specific embodiment according to the present invention, groove type die cavity are circular groove；
The depth of the circular groove is 3~6mm；The internal diameter of the circular groove is 10~14mm.
Grain boundary decision method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the heavy rare earth powder is Re-M type metal compound powders
One or both of with Re-N type metal alloy powders；Wherein Re is one or both of Dy and Tb；M is in O, F and Cl
Any one；N is one of Pr, Nd, Cu, Al, Fe, Co, Sn, Zn and Ga or a variety of；Re in the heavy rare earth powder
Content is 80wt% or more.N is preferably Fe.The content of heavy rare earth element Re is preferably 90wt% or more in heavy rare earth powder.On
State heavy rare earth powder will form half compact tissue in grain boundary decision processing, and will not be formed and be closed with Sintered NdFeB magnet surface
Aurification tissue will not cause to damage to Sintered NdFeB magnet.
Grain boundary decision method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the heavy rare earth powder is Dy-Fe powder or Dy-Tb-Fe powder
End.Half compact tissue that above-mentioned preferred heavy rare earth powder is formed in grain boundary decision processing can preferably control heavy rare earth member
The consistency of distributing homogeneity and coating thickness of the element in Sintered NdFeB magnet, to improve coercivity, but remanent magnetism and
Magnetic energy product variation is smaller.
Grain boundary decision method according to the present invention, it is preferable that the heavy rare earth powder be Dy-Tb-Fe powder, wherein Dy and
The total weight percent W of TbDy+TbFor 85wt% or more.WDy+TbPreferably 90wt% or more, also preferably 92wt% or more.It adopts
With the Dy-Tb-Fe powder of above-mentioned content, it is equal can preferably to control distribution of the Dy-Tb-Fe powder in Sintered NdFeB magnet
The consistency of even property and coating thickness, to improve coercivity, but remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product variation are smaller.
In the present invention, machinable refractory material is selected from Mo Lanshi, corundum, graphite, cordierite, periclase, olive
Olive stone and any one in quartz.It preferably is selected from any one in Mo Lanshi, corundum, graphite, cordierite and periclase.
Grain boundary decision method according to the present invention, it is preferable that expand the magnet to be spread at 800~950 DEG C
1~16h of processing is dissipated, then carries out 2~8h of tempering at 400~650 DEG C.The temperature of DIFFUSION TREATMENT is preferably 820~920
DEG C, more preferably 850~900 DEG C.The time of DIFFUSION TREATMENT is preferably 2~10h, more preferably 3~6h.During DIFFUSION TREATMENT
Vacuum degree, which is preferably less than, is equal to 10-2Pa is more preferably less than equal to 10-3Pa.The temperature of tempering is preferably 420~580
DEG C, more preferably 450~520 DEG C.The time of tempering is preferably 2~6h, more preferably 2~4h.During tempering
Vacuum degree, which is preferably less than, is equal to 10-2Pa is more preferably less than equal to 10-3Pa.A specific embodiment party according to the present invention
The heat treatment step of formula, magnet to be spread is as follows: by the magnet to be spread be diffused at 860~900 DEG C processing 3~
5h, then 1.5~2.5h of tempering is carried out at 460~500 DEG C.Above-mentioned heat treatment condition can preferably control heavy rare earth member
The consistency of distributing homogeneity and coating thickness of the element in Sintered NdFeB magnet.The coercivity of above-mentioned magnet product is obvious
It improves, magnetic energy product variation is smaller.
The grain boundary decision method of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet of the invention, can reduce grain boundary diffusion process complexity.Root
According to currently preferred technical solution, the setting of groove type die cavity can firmly fixed magnet, preferably control heavy rare earth powder
The consistency of coating thickness of the end in Sintered NdFeB magnet, to improve coercivity, remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product variation are smaller.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further combined with specific embodiments below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This.
In the present invention, if % refers to mass percent without specified otherwise.
In the present invention, the numerical value of vacuum degree is smaller, indicates that vacuum degree is higher.
<test method>
Using the Metis HyMPluse pulsed magnetic field strength magnetic meter measurement remanent magnetism Br of magnet, maximum magnetic energy product (BH) max, interior
Report the magnetic properties such as coercivity.
Embodiment 1
(1) using disc mill by Dy-Fe alloy breaks down at Dy-Fe powder, the weight percent W of Dy in Dy-Fe alloyDyFor
80%；The average grain diameter D50 of Dy-Fe powder is 2.58 μm.Using petroleum ether as protective agent when broken.
(2) commercial N48 brands of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets is cut into internal diameter for 12mm and with a thickness of the thin slice of 2.5mm, divided
Not Shi Yong 240,500,1000 mesh sand paper surface is polished clean, and use ethanol solution clean the surface to no grease stain, shape
At Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice.
(3) selecting not blue masonry is material frame, digs the circle that a depth is 5.0mm and internal diameter is 13mm on the surface Mo Lanshi
Groove, uniform spreading a layer thickness is the Dy-Fe powder of 0.5mm in the circular groove, then that Sintered NdFeB magnet is thin
Piece is placed in circular groove, and make Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice lower surface sufficiently with Dy-Fe powder contact, then sintering neodymium iron
The uniform spreading a layer thickness in boron magnetic foil upper surface is the Dy-Fe powder of 0.5mm, forms magnet to be spread.
(4) magnet to be spread is subjected to vacuum heat treatment, vacuum heat treatment temperature is 900 DEG C and heat preservation 3.5h, air are cold
But；490 DEG C of heat preservation 2.0h, Slow cooling form magnet product.Magnet product is placed in pulsed magnetic field strength magnetic meter and is measured,
Its performance is referring to table 1.
Embodiment 2
(1) using disc mill by Dy-Tb-Fe alloy breaks down at Dy-Tb-Fe powder, Dy and Tb in Dy-Tb-Fe alloy
Total weight percent WDy+TbIt is 94%；The average grain diameter D50 of Dy-Tb-Fe powder is 5.6 μm.Petroleum ether conduct is used when broken
Protective agent.
(2) commercial 40EH brands of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets is cut into internal diameter for 10mm and with a thickness of the thin slice of 2.0mm, divided
Not Shi Yong 240,500,1000 mesh sand paper surface is polished clean, and use ethanol solution clean the surface to no grease stain, shape
At Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice.
(3) selecting not blue masonry is material frame, digs the circle that a depth is 4.0mm and internal diameter is 11mm on the surface Mo Lanshi
Groove, uniform spreading a layer thickness is the Dy-Tb-Fe powder of 0.5mm in the circular groove, then by Sintered NdFeB magnet
Thin slice is placed in circular groove, and is burning Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice lower surface sufficiently with Dy-Tb-Fe powder contact, then
The Dy-Tb-Fe powder that the uniform spreading a layer thickness in neodymium iron boron magnetic body thin slice upper surface is 0.5mm is tied, magnet to be spread is formed.
(4) magnet to be spread is subjected to vacuum heat treatment, vacuum heat treatment temperature is 900 DEG C and heat preservation 5h, air are cooling；
490 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, Slow cooling form magnet product.Magnet product is placed in pulsed magnetic field strength magnetic meter and is measured, property
It can be referring to table 1.
Comparative example 1
(1) the commercial N48 brands of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets of embodiment 1 is cut into internal diameter is 12mm and with a thickness of 2.5mm
Thin slice, surface is polished using 240,500,1000 mesh sand paper respectively clean, and extremely using ethanol solution clean the surface
Without grease stain, Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice is formed.
(2) Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice is subjected to vacuum heat treatment, vacuum heat treatment temperature is 900 DEG C and keeps the temperature
3.5h, air are cooling；490 DEG C of heat preservation 2.0h, Slow cooling form magnet product.Magnet product is placed in pulsed magnetic field strength magnetic meter
In measure, performance is referring to table 1.
Comparative example 2
(1) the commercial 40EH brands of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets of embodiment 2 is cut into internal diameter is 10mm and with a thickness of 2.0mm
Thin slice, surface is polished using 240,500,1000 mesh sand paper respectively clean, and extremely using ethanol solution clean the surface
Without grease stain, Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice is formed.
(2) Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice being subjected to vacuum heat treatment, vacuum heat treatment temperature is 900 DEG C and heat preservation 5h,
Air is cooling；490 DEG C of heat preservation 2h, Slow cooling form magnet product.
Magnet product is placed in pulsed magnetic field strength magnetic meter and is measured, performance is referring to table 1.
The performance of table 1, magnet product
As shown in Table 1, compared to comparative example 1,2, embodiment 1,2 uses grain boundary decision method, and coercivity significantly improves, and
Remanent magnetism and magnetic energy product vary less.In addition, the present invention uses grain boundary decision method, grain boundary diffusion process complexity is reduced.
Present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, without departing from the essence of the present invention, this field skill
Any deformation, improvement, the replacement that art personnel are contemplated that each fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of grain boundary decision method of sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, which comprises the steps of: with machinable resistance to
For fiery material as material frame, add mode is laminated according to heavy rare earth powder-sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice-heavy rare earth powder three will
Sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice, which buries, to be overlying in heavy rare earth powder, is placed in the material frame, is formed magnet to be spread.
2. grain boundary decision method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the preparation step for expecting frame: described
Machinable refractory surface digs one or more groove type die cavitys.
3. grain boundary decision method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet thin slice it is interior
Diameter is 8~15mm, and with a thickness of 1~12mm.
4. grain boundary decision method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the forming step of three stacking add modes is as follows:
Spreading a layer thickness is the heavy rare earth powder of 0.2~2mm in the groove type die cavity, then by the Sintered NdFeB magnet
Thin slice is placed in the groove type die cavity, and connects the lower surface of the Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice sufficiently with heavy rare earth powder
Touching, then the Sintered NdFeB magnet thin slice upper surface spreading a layer thickness be 0.2~2mm heavy rare earth powder, formed
Magnet to be spread.
5. grain boundary decision method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the depth of the groove type die cavity be 2~
15mm, internal diameter are 10~20mm.
6. grain boundary decision method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the heavy rare earth powder is the metallization of Re-M type
Close one or both of object powder and Re-N type metal alloy powders；Wherein Re is one or both of Dy and Tb；M be O,
Any one in F and Cl；N is one of Pr, Nd, Cu, Al, Fe, Co, Sn, Zn and Ga or a variety of；The heavy rare earth powder
The content of middle Re is 80wt% or more.
7. grain boundary decision method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the heavy rare earth powder be Dy-Fe powder or
Dy-Tb-Fe powder.
8. grain boundary decision method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the heavy rare earth powder is Dy-Tb-Fe powder
End, wherein the total weight percent W of Dy and TbDy+TbFor 85wt% or more.
9. grain boundary decision method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that machinable refractory material is selected from not blue
Any one in stone, corundum, graphite, cordierite, periclase, olivine and quartz.
10. described in any item grain boundary decision methods according to claim 1~9, which is characterized in that further include magnet to be spread
Heat treatment step: the magnet to be spread is diffused 1~16h of processing at 800~950 DEG C, then at 400~650 DEG C
Carry out 2~8h of tempering.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113517131A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-10-19 | 杭州美磁科技有限公司 | Preparation process of neodymium iron boron product and neodymium iron boron product prepared by using preparation process |
| CN114446629A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 | Rare earth magnetic steel for wind driven generator and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN114446629A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-06 | 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 | Rare earth magnetic steel for wind driven generator and manufacturing method thereof |
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