CN110135024B - Air cooling system deflector shape optimization method for battery thermal management - Google Patents
Air cooling system deflector shape optimization method for battery thermal management Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery thermal management oriented air cooling system deflector shape optimization method, which starts from uniform main runner section width distribution, numerically solves the cooling runner flow of an air cooling system, sends the flow from a cooling runner far away from an inlet or an outlet to the direction of the inlet or the outlet, and selects the runner section width which enables a system objective function to be optimal by sequentially adjusting the section width of each main runner. Assuming that the section width adjustment of each main flow channel is one-time adjustment, the optimal section width distribution is continuously approached by repeatedly adjusting a plurality of times. When the objective function value is not changed in one round of adjustment, the cross-sectional width distribution of the main runner corresponding to the optimum objective function value recorded in the adjustment process is the optimum distribution. And finally, obtaining the final smooth shape of the guide plate through polynomial fitting according to the obtained optimal section width distribution. The method has the advantages of simple optimization process, good performance index, good expansibility, strong practicability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optimization of shapes of guide plates of air cooling systems of power batteries, in particular to a method for optimizing shapes of guide plates of air cooling systems for battery thermal management.
Background
Along with the development of society, fossil fuels in the nature are gradually exhausted and the environment pollution situation is increasingly severe, and the traditional fuel oil automobile is more and more difficult to adapt to the development requirements of the times. The new energy automobile which accords with sustainable development is taken as an effective substitute of the traditional automobile and is valued worldwide. At present, an electric automobile is a new energy automobile with mature technical development, and a power battery is the key for running the electric automobile. The power battery generates a large amount of heat in the working process, and the problems of high temperature of a hot spot of the battery pack, large integral temperature difference and the like are easily caused. These problems will affect the performance and service life of the battery, and thus determine the overall performance of the electric vehicle. Therefore, whether the power battery pack can be effectively radiated or not is the key for developing the electric automobile, and the hot point temperature and the temperature difference of the power battery pack are reduced. The air cooling system is simple in structure, low in cost and mature in development, and is often the best choice for the current battery thermal management system. The parallel air cooling system is a common air cooling system of a power automobile. In the system, air cools each battery through the parallel flow channels, so that the consistency of the initial temperature of the cooling air is easily ensured. However, the simple parallel structure is difficult to ensure that the flow rates of the cooling channels are consistent, so that the cooling performance of the channels is different, and the problem of temperature difference of the power battery pack is not solved favorably. In order to solve the above problems, researchers have attempted to improve the cooling performance of the air cooling system by changing the local or overall structure of the air cooling system, and the adjustment measures include adjusting the distance between cooling channels, changing the position of air inlets and outlets, designing the angle of a baffle, adding ventilation openings, and the like. However, most designs may cause problems such as increase in volume of the air cooling system and increase in power consumption of the system while improving the air cooling system, thereby hindering overall improvement of system performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing the shape of a guide plate of an air cooling system for battery thermal management, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method has the advantages of simple optimization process, good performance index, good expansibility, strong practicability and the like.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a shape optimization method for a deflector of an air cooling system for battery thermal management comprises the following steps:
s-1, setting the section width L of a main runner corresponding to the lower end of a cooling runner according to the total volume of an air cooling systemiSetting its initial value to a uniform value L0Setting LiIn the range of Lmin≤Li≤L0The step length of adjusting the width of the section of the main runner at each step is delta L;
s-2, connecting the end points of the section of the main runner corresponding to each cooling runner to form a broken-line type guide plate, calculating the flow of each cooling runner in the air cooling system at the moment by adopting a numerical method, evaluating the objective function value of the air cooling system, and recording the width distribution W (L) of the section of the main runner at the moment1，L2，…，Li，…，LNIs the optimal distribution WoptWherein N is the number of cooling channels, the optimal distribution WoptThe corresponding objective function value is the optimal objective function value;
s-3, traversing the cooling channels i from the cooling channels far away from the inlet or the outlet to the inlet or the outlet, and sequentially obtaining the optimal value of the section width of each cooling channel i corresponding to the main channel, wherein the specific operation is as follows: when the section width of the main flow channel corresponding to the ith cooling flow channel is optimized, under the condition that the section widths of other main flow channels are not changed, the section width of the main flow channel corresponding to the ith cooling flow channel is in a given range [ L ] by taking Delta L as a step lengthi+1,L0]Inner traversal LiForm a different distribution of the cross-sectional widths, in particular when i is 1, L1Has a traversal range of [ Lmin,L0](ii) a Aiming at each distribution, connecting the end points of the section of each main runner to form a new broken line type guide plate, evaluating the objective function value of each distribution corresponding to the air cooling system by adopting a numerical method, and selecting the section width distribution with the optimal objective function value as the current optimal distribution Wopt‘The corresponding objective function value is the current optimal objective function value;
s-4 obtaining the current optimal distribution W when step S-3opt‘If the corresponding objective function value is better than the recorded optimum objective function value, the current optimum distribution W is distributedopt‘Recording as an optimal distribution, and recording a corresponding objective function value as an optimal objective function value;
s-5, recording the steps S-3 to S-4 as a round of section width distribution adjustment, returning to the step S-3, and carrying out a new round of section width distribution adjustment until the optimal section width distribution W is obtainedoptWhen no further changes occur in a round of adjustment, the optimization process ends, at which point the recorded optimum profile WoptThe final optimization result is obtained;
and S-6, obtaining the shape of the smooth guide plate by polynomial fitting according to the optimal section width distribution obtained by optimization, namely obtaining the final optimized guide plate shape.
Further, when the adjusting process is started, the initial cross-sectional width distribution corresponding to the cooling flow channel is set to be uniform according to the total volume of the air cooling system.
Further, the objective function of the shape optimization of the air cooling system deflector comprises a minimum value of the flow of the cooling flow channel, a difference value of the flow of the cooling flow channel and a standard deviation of the flow of the cooling flow channel.
Further, the minimum value formula of the flow of the cooling flow channel is as follows:
wherein Q isminIs the minimum value of the cooling flow path flow, QiThe flow rate in the ith cooling flow channel is shown, and N is the number of the cooling flow channels.
Further, the difference of the flow rates of the cooling channels is calculated by the following formula:
wherein Δ QmaxFor difference in flow rate of cooling channels, QiThe flow rate in the ith cooling flow channel is shown, and N is the number of the cooling flow channels.
Further, the standard deviation calculation formula of the flow of the cooling flow channel is as follows:
wherein σQStandard deviation of flow in cooling channels, QiIs the flow of the ith cooling flow channel, N is the number of the cooling flow channels,
is the average value of the cooling channel flow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a method for optimizing the shape of a guide plate of an air cooling system for battery thermal management, which has a simple optimization process, and mainly comprises two key technical steps: firstly, calculating the flow of each cooling flow channel of the air cooling system according to the width distribution of the cross section of the existing main flow channel; secondly, the width of each section is adjusted step by step. The whole optimization process is simple to implement and does not contain a complex calculation method.
2. The air cooling system deflector shape optimization method for battery thermal management provided by the invention has good performance indexes; because the cooling air flow at the inlet of the system is constant, the flow distribution among the cooling flow channels can be changed by adjusting the shape of the guide plate, and the shape of the guide plate is influenced by the width distribution of the section of the main flow channel. According to the invention, the width of each section is adjusted, and the flow in the cooling flow channel corresponding to the section is adjusted, so that the consistency of the cooling capacity among the cooling flow channels is improved, and the purpose of reducing the hot point temperature and the temperature difference of the battery pack is achieved.
3. The optimization criterion of the cross section width only relates to the flow in the cooling flow channel, and is irrelevant to the structure of the air cooling system, the physical properties of cooling air and the battery, the heat generation power of the battery and the like. Therefore, the related optimization method can be expanded to solve similar problems, including cells with non-uniform heat generation and non-uniform heat conductivity, different cooling air flow rates, optimization of the shape of the system outlet guide plate and the like, and has good expansibility.
4. Compared with the prior art, the method for optimizing the shape of the guide plate of the air cooling system for battery heat management does not need to increase the volume of the system and change the layout of batteries, only needs to adjust the shape of the guide plate, has stronger practicability, can be used for guiding the optimization design of the air cooling system for battery heat management, and achieves the purposes of improving the heat dissipation performance of the system, reducing the temperature of a battery pack and reducing the temperature difference of the battery pack.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the shape of a deflector of an air cooling system for battery thermal management according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power battery air cooling system (a zigzag-shaped deflector) in the optimization process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optimized power battery air cooling system (curved baffle) according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example (b):
in this example, the power battery air cooling system shown in FIG. 2 was considered, in which the inlet width and the outlet width were 20mm, the battery size was 16mm × 65mm × 151mm, the number of batteries was 12, 13 cooling channels were formed, the cooling channel pitch was 3mm, the heat capacity of the batteries was 1337J/(kg K), and the density was 1542.9kg/m3Thermal conductivity of 1.05 (k)x)、21.1(ky)、21.1(kz) W/(m.K), inlet cooling air temperature 298.15K, flow 0.015m3And s. The shape of an inlet guide plate of the battery heat management air-cooling system is optimized by adopting a method of a flow shown in figure 1, and the optimization target is minimization of a standard deviation of the flow of a cooling runner. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s-1, setting the section width L of a main runner corresponding to the lower end of a cooling runner according to the total volume of an air cooling systemiSetting its initial value to a uniform value L0Setting LiIn the range of Lmin≤Li≤L0Each step of adjustment is mainlyThe step length of the cross section width of the flow channel is delta L;
s-2, connecting the end points of the section of the main runner corresponding to each cooling runner to form a broken-line type guide plate, calculating the flow of each cooling runner in the air cooling system at the moment by adopting a numerical method, evaluating the objective function value of the air cooling system, and recording the width distribution W (L) of the section of the main runner at the moment1，L2，…，Li，…，LNIs the optimal distribution WoptWherein N is the number of cooling channels, the optimal distribution WoptThe corresponding objective function value is the optimal objective function value;
s-3, traversing the cooling flow channels i from the cooling flow channels far away from the inlet to the inlet direction, and sequentially obtaining the optimal value of the section width of the main flow channel corresponding to each cooling flow channel i, wherein the specific operation is as follows: when the section width of the main flow channel corresponding to the ith cooling flow channel is optimized, under the condition that the section widths of other main flow channels are not changed, the section width of the main flow channel corresponding to the ith cooling flow channel is in a given range [ L ] by taking Delta L as a step lengthi+1,L0]Inner traversal LiForm a different distribution of the cross-sectional widths, in particular when i is 1, L1Has a traversal range of [ Lmin,L0](ii) a Aiming at each distribution, connecting the end points of the section of each main runner to form a new broken line type guide plate, evaluating the objective function value of each distribution corresponding to the air cooling system by adopting a numerical method, and selecting the section width distribution with the optimal objective function value as the current optimal distribution Wopt‘The corresponding objective function value is the current optimal objective function value;
s-4 obtaining the current optimal distribution W when step S-3opt‘If the corresponding objective function value is better than the recorded optimum objective function value, the current optimum distribution W is distributedopt‘Recording as an optimal distribution, and recording a corresponding objective function value as an optimal objective function value;
s-5, recording the steps S-3 to S-4 as a round of section width distribution adjustment, returning to the step S-3, and carrying out a new round of section width distribution adjustment until the optimal section width distribution W is obtainedoptWhen no further changes occur in a round of adjustment, the optimization process ends, at which point the recorded optimum profile WoptThe final optimization result is obtained;
s-6, obtaining the smooth guide plate shape through polynomial fitting according to the optimal section width distribution obtained through optimization, namely obtaining the final optimized guide plate shape, as shown in figure 3.
In this embodiment, the standard deviation minimization of the flow rate of the cooling flow channel is selected as an optimization target, and the calculation formula of the standard deviation of the flow rate of the cooling flow channel is as follows:
wherein σQStandard deviation of flow in cooling channels, QiIs the flow of the ith cooling flow channel, N is the number of the cooling flow channels,
is the average value of the cooling channel flow. The width adjustment (Δ L) was set to 1mm each time. The section width of the inlet runner corresponding to the 1 st to 13 th cooling runners is 20mm before optimization, and after optimization, the section width of the main runner of the 1 st to 13 th runners is as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 optimized different channel section widths
Aiming at the optimized width distribution, fitting by adopting a polynomial of 6 th degree to obtain a polynomial expression of the inlet guide plate as follows:
y＝2605*x6-1862*x5+513.4*x4-68.76*x3+4.402*x2-0.001677*x-0.02137(mm)
researches find that the hot spot temperatures of the battery packs before and after optimization are 336.4K and 332.0K respectively, and the hot spot temperature is reduced by 4.4K after optimization; the temperature difference of the corresponding battery packs is 9.7K and 2.7K respectively, and the temperature difference is reduced by 72 percent. On the other hand, the corresponding inlet and outlet pressure differences of the system before and after optimization are 47.3Pa and 59.4Pa respectively, and the power consumption of the system after optimization is only increased by 26% compared with that before optimization. This example demonstrates the effectiveness of the present invention for air cooling system deflector shape optimization.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the scope of the present invention, which is disclosed by the present invention, and the equivalent or change thereof belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for optimizing the shape of a deflector of an air cooling system for battery thermal management is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s-1, setting the section width L of a main runner corresponding to the lower end of a cooling runner according to the total volume of an air cooling systemiSetting its initial value to a uniform value L0Setting LiIn the range of Lmin≤Li≤L0The step length of adjusting the width of the section of the main runner at each step is delta L;
s-2, connecting the end points of the section of the main runner corresponding to each cooling runner to form a broken-line type guide plate, calculating the flow of each cooling runner in the air cooling system at the moment by adopting a numerical method, evaluating the objective function value of the air cooling system, and recording the width distribution W (L) of the section of the main runner at the moment1，L2，…，Li，…，LNIs the optimal distribution WoptWherein N is the number of cooling channels, the optimal distribution WoptThe corresponding objective function value is the optimal objective function value;
s-3, traversing the cooling channels i from the cooling channels far away from the inlet or the outlet to the inlet or the outlet, and sequentially obtaining the optimal value of the section width of each cooling channel i corresponding to the main channel, wherein the specific operation is as follows: when the section width of the main flow channel corresponding to the ith cooling flow channel is optimized, under the condition that the section widths of other main flow channels are not changed, the section width of the main flow channel corresponding to the ith cooling flow channel is in a given range [ L ] by taking Delta L as a step lengthi+1,L0]Inner traversal LiForm a different distribution of the cross-sectional widths, in particular when i is 1, L1Has a traversal range of [ Lmin,L0](ii) a For each distribution, connecting the end points of the section of each main flow channel to form a new foldLinear guide plate, and numerical method to evaluate the target function value of each distribution corresponding to the air cooling system, and selecting the optimal cross-section width distribution as the current optimal distribution Wopt‘The corresponding objective function value is the current optimal objective function value;
s-4 obtaining the current optimal distribution W when step S-3opt‘If the corresponding objective function value is better than the recorded optimum objective function value, the current optimum distribution W is distributedopt‘Recording as an optimal distribution, and recording a corresponding objective function value as an optimal objective function value;
s-5, recording the steps S-3 to S-4 as a round of section width distribution adjustment, returning to the step S-3, and carrying out a new round of section width distribution adjustment until the optimal section width distribution W is obtainedoptWhen no further changes occur in a round of adjustment, the optimization process ends, at which point the recorded optimum profile WoptThe final optimization result is obtained;
and S-6, obtaining the shape of the smooth guide plate by polynomial fitting according to the optimal section width distribution obtained by optimization, namely obtaining the final optimized guide plate shape.
2. The method for optimizing the shape of the air cooling system deflector facing to battery thermal management according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the objective function of the air cooling system deflector shape optimization comprises the minimum value of the cooling runner flow, the difference value of the cooling runner flow and the standard deviation of the cooling runner flow.
3. The method for optimizing the shape of the air cooling system deflector facing to battery thermal management according to claim 2, wherein the minimum value formula of the flow of the cooling flow channel is as follows:
wherein Q isminIs the minimum value of the cooling flow path flow, QiThe flow rate in the ith cooling flow channel is shown, and N is the number of the cooling flow channels.
4. The method for optimizing the shape of the air cooling system deflector facing to battery thermal management according to claim 2, wherein the difference calculation formula of the flow rates of the cooling flow channels is as follows:
wherein Δ QmaxFor difference in flow rate of cooling channels, QiThe flow rate in the ith cooling flow channel is shown, and N is the number of the cooling flow channels.
5. The method for optimizing the shape of the air cooling system deflector facing to battery thermal management according to claim 2, wherein the standard deviation calculation formula of the flow of the cooling flow channel is as follows:
wherein σQStandard deviation of flow in cooling channels, QiIs the flow of the ith cooling flow channel, N is the number of the cooling flow channels,
is the average value of the cooling channel flow.
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| CN113013529B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-07-26 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Air-cooled battery cooling system and cooling runner design method |
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