CN110134626B

CN110134626B - Design method and circuit of serial port multistage charge-discharge power supply

Info

Publication number: CN110134626B
Application number: CN201910262153.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁贤根
Original assignee: Shenzhen Aidibao Intelligent System Co ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Aidibao Intelligent System Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-04-02
Filing date: 2019-04-02
Publication date: 2021-09-07
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-02
Also published as: CN110134626A

Abstract

A design method and a circuit of a serial port multistage charge-discharge power supply are provided, the method and the circuit obtain the power supply supplied by instantaneous heavy current by designing the power supply of a special multistage charge-discharge circuit from a micro-current signal source of a serial port, and the self-power supply problem based on the serial port is solved on the premise of not influencing the signal communication quality. The micro signal source comprises a TxD terminal supporting a 3-wire system to obtain power from an RS232 port, a charging power supply is obtained through bidirectional rectification filtering and charge pump reversal polarity, a first-stage power supply is a main power supply, a second-stage power supply is a backup power supply, and the main power supply is supported through the backup power supply, so that the method and the circuit meet the extreme power supply requirement under the following conditions under the condition that the power current is not more than 5 mA: the Bluetooth device is supported to transmit data once every 4 seconds at +8dB radio transmission and instantaneous current of 20mA at a communication distance of 300 meters, and the data length is 255 bytes. Additionally, as an option, the use of long-life battery trickle current power, may provide for display and connector validity monitoring for up to 9.5 years in the stored state.

Description

Design method and circuit of serial port multistage charge-discharge power supply

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of information, in particular to the field of intelligent equipment and sensor networks, and particularly relates to the field of subdivision of serial communication equipment with low power consumption and self-powered electricity.

Background

According to the search and study of the inventor on the research results already in the industry, the following are found:

the application No. 201410054366.7, RS232 and infrared communication interface conversion circuit with self-powered electricity, proposes to use DTR and TxD signal terminals of RS232 to supply power for infrared 38KHz transmitting circuit. In practice, the maximum current is 60mA due to the output of DTR. And TxD is used for transmitting data, and only can provide current below 6mA without influencing data transmission. Meanwhile, in a 3-wire RS232 port, a DTR terminal is not arranged, and a multi-stage power supply design is not adopted, so that the application has no obvious advantages in the design of a micro-power supply.

Application No. 201510204268.1, passive four-way RS232 serial hub, proposes to use TxD and RxD to take power, but does not present a design method and circuit. In addition, this application adopts 4 way RS232 ports to get the electricity, and the electric current that provides is 4 times single RS232 port. The design of a multi-stage power supply is not adopted, so the application still has no obvious advantages in the design of a micropower power supply.

Application No. 201710149880.2, power supply circuit for RS232-485 passive converters, which uses TxD and RxD as well as RTS and DTR for power, cannot be used in 3-wire RS232, and does not use a multi-stage power supply.

Application No. 201520648984.4, a conversion circuit with serial port for getting electricity, adopts 9-wire RS232 for getting electricity, and has no multi-stage power supply.

The defects of the prior art are shown in the following steps when the charging is carried out at a low current:

1. the single-stage power supply can only store the capacity of a large capacitor due to the requirement that the power supply capacity of the power supply is enough to support the circuit. This aspect makes the preparation time for power up of the power supply longer; on the other hand, since the single-stage power supply is used for supplying power to the main circuit, the voltage thereof is generally low, for example, 3.3V. Thus, the high voltage power from the charging terminal is wasted when charging the capacitor.

And adopt multistage power supply, the primary importance of low-voltage is as, and second grade or back level just can adopt the high voltage to charge for the electric capacity, have removed the waste of the end high voltage electric energy that charges from.

2. When the micro-current with the magnitude of only a few milliamperes provided by the TxD signal end similar to RS232 is adopted for single-stage charging, if the storage capacitor is too small, the power supply of high-current pulse application cannot be realized; if the storage capacitor is too large, the charging time is too long, thereby affecting the start-up of the circuit.

3. When RS232 communication based on a 3-wire system is carried out, serial port electricity taking cannot be achieved due to the fact that RTS and DTR leads are not available.

The invention aims to design a multi-stage charging and discharging power supply, wherein the first stage is used as a low-voltage main power supply, and a small capacitor is adopted for quick charging, so that a main circuit can enter a working state as soon as possible. The second stage or the later stage can charge the large capacitor by adopting high voltage, so that the waste of high-voltage electric energy at the charging end is avoided, enough electric energy is stored, and the requirement (such as Bluetooth communication) of the main circuit for large-current pulse power supply is met. Meanwhile, the power is obtained by adopting the signal of the data transmitting terminal TxD of the 3-wire serial port, so that the application of certain 3-wire RS232 interfaces is adapted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a design method and a circuit of a serial port multistage charge-discharge power supply.

The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a design method of a serial port multistage charge-discharge power supply comprises but is not limited to the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of charging a circuit 1 by a charging power supply, controlling the charging of a circuit 2 by the circuit 1, charging the circuit 2 by the charging power supply, charging the circuit 1 by the circuit 2 and recursively charging.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, in other aspects of the present invention, one or more of the following measures for local improvement may be adopted:

the circuit 1 includes, but is not limited to, a first charging port P1, a second charging port P2, an output control port P5, a capacitor C1, and an output power port P3. The circuit 2 includes, but is not limited to, a charging port P6, an input control port P7, a capacitor C2, and an output power port P8, the charging power includes, but is not limited to, an input terminal Pin and an output terminal Pout, and the output dc voltage is a voltage V0.

The step of charging the circuit 1 by the charging power source includes, but is not limited to:

the Pout is connected to the P1 to charge the circuit 1, the step of charging the circuit 1 includes the step of charging the C1, and the P3 provides a dc regulated output at a voltage V1.

The step of the circuit 1 controlling the charging of the circuit 2 includes but is not limited to:

when the voltage of the P3 is less than the voltage V1, the control signal K1 output by the P5 is logic 0, and the circuit 2 is prevented from receiving the charging of the charging power supply. When the voltage of the P3 is greater than or equal to the voltage V1, the control signal K1 output by the P5 is logic 1, and the circuit 2 is allowed to charge.

The step of charging the circuit 2 by the charging power source includes, but is not limited to:

and the step of charging the circuit 2 by connecting the Pout to the P6. The step of providing the DC regulated output voltage V2 by the P8. The step of charging the circuit 2 comprises the step of charging the C2, wherein C2 > C1.

The step of charging the circuit 1 by the circuit 2 includes, but is not limited to:

a step of charging the circuit 1 by the P8 through the P2 when the voltage of the P8 is greater than or equal to the voltage V2 when the circuit 1 does not include but is not limited to a booster circuit; when the circuit 1 includes, but is not limited to, a boost circuit, the step of the P8 charging the circuit 1 through the P2.

The step of recursive charging includes, but is not limited to:

the method comprises a step of using the circuit M as a current circuit and using the circuit M +1 as a next-stage circuit, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, N is more than or equal to 3, and M, N are natural numbers.

A loop body step, including but not limited to: the charging power supply charges the current circuit, the current circuit prevents the next-stage circuit from charging until the current circuit is charged, the next-stage circuit is allowed to charge, the charging power supply charges the next-stage circuit, and the next-stage circuit charges the current circuit.

Recursive steps including, but not limited to: and executing the loop body step until the next-stage circuit is the last-stage circuit.

Further explanation about the recursion step is as follows:

for example, when the circuit 3 for charging and discharging the third stage is designed, the capacitor C3 charged by the circuit 3 and the control signal K2 designed by the circuit 2 prevent the circuit 3 from charging the capacitor C3 when the circuit 2C 2 is before the charging is completed and K2 is 0; when C2 finishes charging, K2 is 1, which allows the circuit 3 to charge the capacitor C3, and K2 controls the charging and discharging of the circuit 3. The voltage output of the circuit 3 is, for example, referred to as V3, and in this case, V3 may be used as the charging power source for the second charging port of the circuit 2, or V3 may be directly led to the third charging port of the circuit 1 to be used as the third charging power source for the circuit 1. And so on.

The circuit 1 includes but is not limited to an MCU circuit and a display; the circuit 1 and the circuit 2 include, but are not limited to, a direct current conversion circuit DC-DC, a boost circuit.

the charging power supply comprises but is not limited to a step of taking electricity by a serial port.

And the Pin is connected with an external serial port, and a power supply is obtained from a signal wire of the external serial port.

The step of taking power by the serial port comprises but is not limited to a step of limiting input, a step of polarity conversion, a step of voltage stabilization and a step of protecting an input end.

The limiting input step includes, but is not limited to, the steps of limiting the voltage, limiting the current, and limiting the frequency of the input of the Pin.

The step of limiting the pressure specifically includes but is not limited to: the input voltage of Pin is U₀₁Said U₀₁from-U to + U, including but not limited to ac voltages and bipolar positive and negative dc pulsed voltages, including but not limited to rectification, filtering, capacitive storage, said U₀₁Is 0.8V-U₀₁≤36V。

The step of limiting the current specifically comprises: input current I of the Pin₀Not more than I_maxWherein, the I_maxThe current is less than the rated current which can be provided by the serial port; i is_max≥I₀≥1mA。

The step of limiting the frequency specifically comprises: the filtering frequency F avoids F₀Filter circuit of F₀－ΔF≥F≥F₀+ΔF，F₀For the frequency of the signal, Δ F is the offset frequency.

The step of polarity inversion includes whether U is present₀₁Whether the voltage is positive or negative can enable the power taking circuit to output positive voltage, and the polarity switching circuit comprises a charge pump polarity switching circuit.

The step of voltage stabilization specifically comprises capacitor storage and voltage stabilization, and also comprises voltage boosting and voltage reduction.

The relationship between the voltages is: v0 > V2 > V1.

The input end protection step comprises overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, ESD protection of electrostatic discharge and EMC protection of electromagnetic compatibility.

Taking the TxD terminal of the RS232C interface as an example, since the voltage is-15V to +15V, the TxD terminal of the RS232C interface on some devices may be-5V to +5V, while for Pout, it is proposed to design at +9V, so that a charge pump is used for negative voltage conversion and voltage stabilization output of + 9V.

The current limiting comprises a circuit with smaller voltage drop in the current limiting range, and when the current limiting is started, the current limiting circuit with enlarged voltage drop is adopted, so that the simple resistance voltage-dividing current limiting is not suitable to be adopted, and the energy loss of an input end can be enlarged.

Here, since there is a risk of grounding, induced voltage, and human body static voltage in the external RS232 device, protection of input end static electricity, surge, overcurrent, and overvoltage is usually selected.

The types of the serial port include, but are not limited to, RS232, RS422, RS485, IEEE1394, PS2, DVI, RJ45, RJ11, HDMI, SCSI, SAS, ODB, USB.

The signal line of the external serial port includes but is not limited to: the system comprises a transmitting data terminal TxD based on a 9-wire system in RS232, a receiving data terminal RxD, a transmitting request terminal RTS and a data terminal ready terminal DTR, and further comprises a transmitting data terminal TxD based on a 3-wire system in RS232, a receiving data terminal RxD and signal lines of other serial interfaces except RS 232.

The serial port electricity-taking circuit takes electricity from a signal line terminal of a serial port of external equipment under the condition that the circuit of the method is not provided with an external power supply, and meanwhile normal sending and receiving of serial port signals are not influenced.

including but not limited to battery powered steps.

Said battery including but not limited to a dry cell or a rechargeable or long life battery, including the step of charging said rechargeable battery when employed;

the voltage of the battery is V00, and the relation between the voltages is as follows: v1 > V00.

Here, a button cell with a long service life can be selected, the recommended product is supplied with power of the order of μ a, the service life can reach 9.5 years, and the voltage of V00 is nominally 3V and can still work as low as 1.8V.

the method comprises the steps of grading, powering, restraining and monitoring of a power utilization circuit, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the classification step includes, but is not limited to:

and grading the power utilization circuit from small power consumption to large power consumption according to the size of the power consumption. And grading according to the functions of the power utilization circuit. A step of ranking the power utilization circuit according to the user's intention.

The power utilization step includes but is not limited to:

the voltage V00 is used for providing applications for the electric circuit with small power consumption, including but not limited to the core real clock, the core storage and the display of the MCU circuit. The voltage V1 is used to supply the power utilization circuits with medium power consumption or the most important or most needed power utilization circuits for the user.

It is proposed here that the MCU selects an integrated circuit of the order of μ a, with a supply of 1.8V to 3V.

The voltage V2 is used for providing the electricity utilization circuit with the maximum electricity consumption or the intention of the user.

The constraint step records the total electric energy provided by the charging power supply as E₀The total power supplied by the circuit 1 is E₁The total electric energy provided by the electricity 2 is E₂All said recursive circuits providing a total power E_∑Electric energy E_iAnd voltage U_iAnd current limiting I_iThe relationship between is E_i＝∫U_i×I_idt, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, N is the total series of the recursion, and the electric energy constraint relation accords with E₀≥E_∑。

The monitoring step includes, but is not limited to:

and monitoring the voltage and current of the Pout, the P3 and the P8 by the MCU circuit through an ADC and a GPIO, calculating the power consumption, the residual power and management, outputting the monitoring result and the calculation result through the DATA output circuit and the display, and serving as the P5 to output the K1 signal.

the method comprises the following steps of but not limited to serial port monitoring: the method specifically comprises but not limited to the steps that the MCU circuit monitors the connectivity of a connector of a serial port and the validity of the voltage of an input end through an ADC and a GPIO, and sends a monitoring result to the display to be displayed and sends information to the outside through the DATA output circuit.

Preferably, the MCU may further monitor the Pin terminal through the general purpose input/output GPIO or the analog-to-digital converter ADC, for example, a resistor R is connected in series with the Pin terminal, and if there is a voltage at two ends of the resistor R, it indicates that the connector circuit is normally connected, otherwise, it indicates that the connector circuit is abnormally connected, so as to further monitor whether the connector is connected perfectly.

A design circuit of a serial port multistage charge-discharge power supply comprises but is not limited to an output end Pout, a circuit 1, a circuit, a multistage circuit and an MCU circuit.

The circuit 1 includes, but is not limited to, a first charging port P1, a second charging port P2, a voltage stabilizing circuit 1 with a voltage stabilizing value V1, an output control port P5 with an output signal K1, and an output voltage U₁An output power port P3 and a capacitor C1. The P1 is connected to the Pout, and the C1 accepts the charging of the P1 and the P2. When the U is turned off₁< V1- Δ V such that the K1 ═ 0, when the U is₁And when the voltage value is more than or equal to V1, the K1 is equal to 1, and the delta V is the voltage-stabilizing interval value of the voltage-stabilizing circuit 1. After the C1 is charged, the voltage stabilizing circuit 1 passes throughP3 output U₁＝V1。

The circuit 2 includes but is not limited to a charging port P6, a voltage stabilizing circuit 2 with a voltage stabilizing value V2, and an output voltage U₂An output power port P8, an input control port P7, and a capacitor C2. The P6 is connected to the Pout, the P7 is connected to the P5, the circuit 2 stops charging to the C2 when the K1 is 0, and the circuit 2 charges to the C2 when the K1 is 1. After the C2 is charged, the voltage stabilizing circuit 2 outputs a voltage U through the P8₂V2. The P8 is connected with the P2 when U is connected₂The P8 charges the circuit 1 > V1. The numerical relationship between the voltage and the capacitance is as follows: v2 > V1, C2 > C1.

As a design reference, the capacity of C2 is much larger than that of C1, while the capacity of C1 is selected as long as it can support the start and preparation of the subsequent circuit, and from the viewpoint of fast response (e.g. about 1 second), as the power supply below 5mA, the capacity of C1 is preferably in the order of hundreds of microfarads, and the capacity of C2 is preferably more than 5 times that of C1.

The multi-stage circuit comprises a circuit N, wherein N is a natural number, the stage number and the connection interface of the circuit are connected according to the analogy of a circuit 1 and a circuit 2

The MCU circuit comprises but is not limited to an MCU, a memory, a display, a power consumption monitoring circuit and a DATA output circuit. The electricity consumption monitoring circuit is connected with the Pout, the P3 and the P8 to monitor current and voltage, the MCU calculates electricity consumption, residual electricity and management, and the DATA output circuit outputs monitoring and calculation results. The MCU includes, but is not limited to, an output terminal that outputs the K1 signal instead of the P5. The display is used for displaying the working state of the design circuit and the monitoring and calculating results. The storage is used for storing, but not limited to, software and the operating state of the design circuit, the results of the monitoring and calculating. The display includes, but is not limited to, a low power liquid crystal display.

On the basis of the foregoing technical solutions, the present invention further includes, but is not limited to, the following matters and combinations thereof:

including but not limited to serial power circuits.

The circuit specifically comprises but is not limited to an input terminal Pin, a rectifying and filtering circuit, a polarity conversion circuit, the Pout, a current limiting circuit and an input protection circuit.

The input voltage of Pin is U₀₁Said U₀₁The allowable range of (1) is from-U to + U, including but not limited to alternating voltage and bipolar positive and negative direct current pulse voltage, 0.8V ≦ U ≦ 36V. The Pin is externally connected with an external serial port, specifically, the Pin is connected with a request sending end RTS and a data terminal ready end DTR, and also connected with signal lines of other serial interfaces except RS232, and internally connected with the rectifying and filtering circuit, the rectifying and filtering circuit is connected with the polarity conversion circuit, and the polarity conversion circuit is connected with the Pout. The output voltage of Pout is V0, and V0 > V2.

The rectifying and filtering circuit comprises but is not limited to rectifying devices with forward voltage drop less than or equal to 1.0V, but comprises but is not limited to a high-frequency filtering circuit and a low-frequency filtering circuit, and the voltage U at the serial port input end₀₁Including but not limited to bipolar positive and negative pulsed voltages and alternating voltages, and rectifying devices including but not limited to schottky devices.

The polarity conversion circuit includes, but is not limited to, a circuit for converting a negative polarity voltage into a positive polarity voltage, including a charge pump circuit, a DC-DC conversion circuit DC-DC.

The current limiting circuit comprises a current limiting device and a circuit which limit the current flowing into the Pin not to exceed 500 mA.

The input end protection circuit comprises but is not limited to overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, ESD protection of electrostatic discharge, and EMC protection of electromagnetic compatibility.

comprises a TxD power taking circuit.

Specifically, the method includes but is not limited to: the circuit comprises an input end Pin, a bidirectional rectifying and filtering circuit, a charge pump circuit, the Pout, a current limiting circuit and an input protection circuit.

The input voltage of Pin is U₀₁Said U₀₁The allowable range of (1) is from-U to + U, including but not limited to alternating voltage and bipolar positive and negative direct current pulse voltage, 3V ≦ U ≦ 15V. The Pin is externally connected with a data transmitting end TxD of an external serial port device, internally connected with the bidirectional rectifying and filtering circuit, connected with the charge pump circuit, and externally connected with the TxD and the RxD.

The bi-directional rectifying circuit, including but not limited to rectifying and filtering positive and negative voltage pulses from between the TxD and ground, produces a positive supply and a negative supply. The charge pump circuit connects the negative power supply and the positive power supply in parallel or in a superposition mode to form the direct-current voltage V0, wherein V0 > V2.

The current limiting circuit comprises a current limiting device and a circuit which limit the current flowing into the Pin not to exceed 10 mA.

the method comprises the following steps: and the battery power supply circuit and the MCU are in a low-power-consumption working mode, and effectiveness is monitored.

The battery power supply circuit comprises a battery and a power supply circuit.

The battery includes, but is not limited to, a dry cell battery, a long life button cell battery, or a rechargeable battery, including, but not limited to, a charging circuit when the rechargeable battery is employed.

The battery comprises a rechargeable button battery with long service life, and a charging circuit is adopted, and a charging power supply is introduced from V1, so that when the equipment powered by the power supply is stored, the state of the equipment can be displayed on a low-power-consumption liquid crystal display, part of information of the last application can be stored, and the power supply of a monitoring circuit of a serial port can be realized when the serial port is inserted through a connector.

The power supply circuit is connected with the battery and the MCU and processes the circuit powered by the battery.

The low power consumption operation mode includes but is not limited to: MCU, real time clock, storage, display, including but not limited to the power consumption monitoring circuit, show the content including but not limited to the operating condition of design circuit.

The battery power supply circuit supplies power for the low power consumption mode of operation.

The validity monitoring includes but is not limited to a serial port monitoring circuit, the serial port monitoring circuit is connected with the MCU, the serial port or the TxD, and monitoring contents include but is not limited to: and if the serial port or the TxD is communicated or not, or a signal exists or not, and the signal is normal or not, displaying a monitoring result on the display and outputting an alarm.

Including but not limited to low power liquid crystal displays.

The design circuit selects low-power consumption devices and circuit design.

The serial port electricity taking circuit and the circuit 1 or the circuit 2 adopt the same integrated circuit.

Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention realizes the purpose of the invention and has the following beneficial effects:

1. the grading charging is adopted, so that the electricity taking efficiency is improved; the performance of the main power supply is greatly improved when the high-current pulse power supply is carried out by adopting peak staggering power supply.

2. The power supply can be obtained from a serial port, particularly from the TxD end of the RS232 with a 3-wire system, and is used by equipment without external power supply.

3. The power supply of the miniature serial port equipment with low power consumption is facilitated.

Drawings

FIG. 1: multi-stage charge-discharge power supply schematic diagram

FIG. 2: RS 232-based secondary power supply with TxD terminal for taking electricity

FIG. 3: RS 232-based TxD end power-taking three-stage power source with long-life battery

Detailed description of the invention

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present application and accompanying drawings.

The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:

the first embodiment is as follows: RS 232-based secondary power supply with TxD terminal for taking electricity

Description of the structure

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage charging and discharging power supply of the present invention.

Wherein 101 is a charging circuit, namely a serial port power-taking circuit, the input of which is the output terminal of the serial port, and the voltage is U₀₁Unipolar or positive and negative bipolar pulses. The output voltage is dc V0, and circuit 1 and circuit 2 are used for charging. The circuit 1 outputs a regulated voltage V1 from P3, and outputs a switching signal K1 from a P5 terminal, and the control circuit 2 turns off the charging of the circuit 2 when K1 is 0 before the charging of the capacitor C1 of the circuit 1 is completed, and turns on the charging of the circuit 2 when the voltage value V1 is reached at the P3 terminal after the charging of C1 is completed, and at this time K1 is 1. The circuit 2 outputs V2 from the end P8 as a backup voltage of the circuit 1, and the backup voltage is used for charging the circuit 1 through P2, so that the circuit is ensured to be rapidly stabilized in place when being powered on, and meanwhile, the power supply capacity of the pulse power supply is greatly enhanced.

Fig. 2 is a structural view of the present embodiment.

The design intent is to provide a multi-stage power supply that draws power from the TxD terminal of RS232 (including the RxD terminal as well). Here, 201 denotes a protection circuit. 202 is a bipolar rectifier circuit which rectifies the positive and negative pulses at the input terminals into positive and negative dc power. And 203, the charge pump completes the polarity conversion of the negative power supply, and can also select a voltage-multiplying design according to the voltage value of the input end. For example, when U₀₁Below 6V, to increase V0, the charge pump is designed to complete negative voltage conversion and add voltage doubling design, which can be referred to in the integrated circuit manual of the charge pump. 204 and 205 are circuit 1 and circuit 2, respectively, and 206, 207, 208 are optional components, respectively, a display, MCU and storage. These may be eliminated in a simplified version of the design, and in designs without these options, the K1 signal is formed by circuit 1 and provided to circuit 2. When the optional parts are selected, due to the introduction of the MCU, the whole power supply system can obtain higher intellectualization through GPIO and software designCan be used for regulating functions. It should be noted that: 1. in fig. 2, TxD, RxD, GEN are all device-side terminal designations of an external interface (e.g., a 3-wire RS232C interface), and for the present power supply design, TxD is an external signal transmission terminal. 2. The RS232 lead in fig. 2 is the lead to the application circuit or module of the present power circuit. 3. The DATA pin in fig. 2 is also a pin to the application circuit or module of the present power supply circuit, and by such design and subsequent software design of the MCU, further more functions can be provided to the application circuit or module.

Second, description of the method

As shown in fig. 2, a design method of a serial port multistage charge and discharge power supply includes, but is not limited to:

The step of recursive charging includes, but is not limited to:

Further explanation about the recursion step is as follows:

The circuit 1 includes, but is not limited to, an MCU circuit and a display. The circuit 1 and the circuit 2 include, but are not limited to, a direct current conversion circuit DC-DC, a boost circuit.

The polarityStep of conversion, including whether U is₀₁Whether the voltage is positive or negative can enable the power taking circuit to output positive voltage, and the polarity switching circuit comprises a charge pump polarity switching circuit.

The relationship between the voltages is: v0 > V2 > V1.

For example, as for RS422, since it is 4-wire system, there are 2 wires for each transmission and reception, and in this case, only a unipolar power supply design, no negative power supply design, and no power supply polarity conversion are required in the design of the rectifier circuit. For RS485, since it is a 2-wire system for half-duplex communication, it is similar to RS 422. For the USB, since the USB provides a power supply, the design of a power taking circuit is not needed. Other serial port type designs and so on.

the classification step includes, but is not limited to:

The power utilization step includes but is not limited to:

The constraint step records the total electric energy provided by the charging power supply as E₀The total power supplied by the circuit 1 is E₁The total electric energy provided by the electricity 2 is E₂All said recursive circuits providing a total power E_∑Electric energy E_iAnd voltage U_iAnd current limiting I_iThe relationship between is E_i＝∫U_i×I_idt，1≤i≤N and N are the total number of recursion, and the electric energy constraint relation conforms to E₀≥E_∑。

The monitoring step includes, but is not limited to:

Preferably, the MCU may also monitor the Pin terminal through the general purpose input/output GPIO or the analog-to-digital converter ADC to further monitor whether the connector is connected properly.

Description of the circuit

The circuit 1 includes, but is not limited to, a first charging port P1, a second charging port P2, a voltage stabilizing circuit 1 with a voltage stabilizing value V1, an output control port P5 with an output signal K1, and an output voltage U₁An output power port P3 and a capacitor C1. The P1 is connected to the Pout, and the C1 accepts the charging of the P1 and the P2. When the U is turned off₁< V1- Δ V such that the K1 ═ 0, when the U is₁And when the voltage value is more than or equal to V1, the K1 is equal to 1, and the delta V is the voltage-stabilizing interval value of the voltage-stabilizing circuit 1. After the C1 is charged, the voltage stabilizing circuit 1 outputs U through the P3₁＝V1。

The multistage circuit comprises a circuit N, wherein N is a natural number, and the stage number, the connection interface and the connection of the circuit are analogized according to a circuit 1 and a circuit 2. In the present embodiment, only a two-stage circuit is employed, but not limited to a two-stage circuit.

In the monitoring of Pout, P3 and P8, the present embodiment is implemented by serially connecting a resistor with a small resistance value in the lines of Pout, P3 and P8, and monitoring the voltage on the resistor through the AD converter of the MCU. The monitoring result is output from the DATA terminal of the MCU.

including but not limited to serial power circuits.

The current limiting adopts an active current limiting circuit or an overcurrent protection circuit. Simple voltage-dividing current-limiting circuits are not suitable.

comprises a TxD power taking circuit.

Including but not limited to low power liquid crystal displays.

The design circuit selects low-power consumption devices and circuit design.

Example two: RS 232-based TxD end power-taking three-stage power source with long-life battery

The embodiment is another application of the invention, namely a RS232 TxD end electricity-taking three-stage power supply with a long-life battery, compared with the previous embodiment, the same parts are not repeated, and the difference is that:

fig. 3 is a structural view of the present embodiment.

In this embodiment, a three stage power source is used to supply power, incorporating circuit 3 as shown at 303 in fig. 3, and further incorporating 309 long life batteries including non-rechargeable batteries and rechargeable batteries. The specific differences are as follows:

in terms of a specific design method:

1. including but not limited to a third pole power supply.

As in circuit 3 of fig. 3, the PA terminal of the circuit receives the voltage V0, and generates an output voltage V3 to charge the circuit 2 through the second charging port of the circuit 2. At the PB terminal, the circuit 3 is prevented from being charged by receiving control of K2 from the MCU until the circuit 2 is completely charged with K2 being 0, and when the circuit 2 is completely charged with K2 being 1, the circuit 3 is started to be charged. The capacitance of circuit 3 is C3.

2. Including the step of battery powering.

The battery supplies power, as at 309 in fig. 3. The battery includes, but is not limited to, a dry cell battery or a rechargeable battery, and when the rechargeable battery is employed, includes, but is not limited to, the step of charging the rechargeable battery.

The voltage of the battery is V00, and the relation between the voltages is as follows: v1 > V00. For rechargeable batteries, a charging step is also included.

In terms of specific circuit design:

In this example, a non-rechargeable model BR3032 lithium difluorocarbonate battery with a storage capacity of 3V/500mAH and a standard discharge current of 30 muA was used for liquid crystal display and low power consumption MCU. If calculated as 6 mua discharged on storage, the theoretical calculation can be stored for 9.5 years.

A rechargeable manganese rechargeable lithium battery can also be adopted, the model is ML2020, the stored electricity quantity is 3V/45mAH, the standard discharge current is 120 muA, if calculated according to 6 muA of discharge during storage, one-time charging can be stored for 11 months by theoretical calculation.

Claims

1. A design method of a serial port multistage charge-discharge power supply is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a step of charging the circuit 1 by a charging power supply; the circuit 1 controls the circuit 2 to charge; a step of charging the circuit 2 by the charging power supply; a step of charging the circuit 1 by the circuit 2; a step of recursive charging;

the step of recursive charging comprises a body circulation step and a recursion step, and the step of recursive charging specifically comprises:

the method comprises a step of using a circuit M as a current circuit and a circuit M +1 as a next-stage circuit, wherein the N-stage charging circuit is an N-stage charging circuit, and M is more than or equal to 2, N is more than or equal to 3, and M, N are natural numbers;

the circulating body specifically comprises the following steps: the charging power supply charges the current circuit, the current circuit prevents the next-stage circuit from charging until the current circuit is charged, the next-stage circuit is not allowed to charge, the charging power supply charges the next-stage circuit, and the next-stage circuit charges the current circuit;

the recursion step specifically comprises: and executing the loop body step until the next-stage circuit is the last-stage circuit.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the circuit 1 comprises a first charging port P1, a second charging port P2, an output control port P5, a capacitor C1 and an output power port P3; the circuit 2 comprises a charging port P6, an input control port P7, a capacitor C2 and an output power port P8; the charging power supply comprises an input end Pin and an output end Pout, and the output direct-current voltage is V0;

the step of charging the circuit 1 by the charging power supply includes:

a step of charging the circuit 1 with the Pout connected to the P1; the step of charging the circuit 1 comprises the step of charging the C1; the step that the P3 provides direct current regulated voltage output as voltage V1;

the step of controlling the charging of the circuit 2 by the circuit 1 comprises:

when the voltage of the P3 is less than the voltage V1, the control signal K1 output by the P5 is logic 0, and the circuit 2 is prevented from receiving the charging of the charging power supply; when the voltage of the P3 is greater than or equal to the voltage V1, the control signal K1 output by the P5 is logic 1, and the circuit 2 is allowed to be charged;

the step of the charging power supply charging the circuit 2 includes:

a step of charging the circuit 2 by connecting the Pout to the P6; the step that the P8 provides direct current regulated voltage output as voltage V2; the step of charging the circuit 2 comprises the step of charging the C2, wherein C2 > C1;

the step of charging the circuit 1 by the circuit 2 comprises:

a step of charging the circuit 1 with the P8 through the P2 when the voltage of the P8 is greater than or equal to the voltage V2 when the circuit 1 does not include a booster circuit; or, when the circuit 1 includes a booster circuit, the step of the P8 charging the circuit 1 through the P2;

the step of recursive charging comprises:

the method comprises a step of using an N-stage charging circuit, using a circuit M as a current circuit and using a circuit M +1 as a next-stage circuit, wherein M is more than or equal to 2, N is more than or equal to 3, and M, N are natural numbers;

the circulating body step specifically comprises: the charging power supply charges the current circuit, the current circuit prevents the next-stage circuit from charging until the current circuit is charged, the next-stage circuit is not allowed to charge, the charging power supply charges the next-stage circuit, and the next-stage circuit charges the current circuit;

the recursion step specifically comprises: executing the loop body step until the next-stage circuit is the last-stage circuit; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the circuit 1 comprises an MCU circuit and a display; the circuit 1 and the circuit 2 comprise a direct current conversion circuit DC-DC and a booster circuit.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the charging power source comprises a serial port power-taking step;

the Pin is connected with an external serial port, and a power supply is obtained from a signal wire of the external serial port;

the step of taking power by the serial port comprises an input limiting step, a polarity conversion step and a voltage stabilizing step; and/or, an input end protection step;

the limiting input step comprises the steps of input voltage limiting, current limiting and frequency limiting of the Pin;

the step of limiting the input voltage of the Pin specifically comprises the following steps: the input voltage of Pin isU ₀₁SaidU ₀₁Is allowed to range from-UTo+UThe method comprises alternating voltage and bipolar positive and negative direct current pulse voltage, and comprises rectification, filtering and capacitor storage, wherein the alternating voltage and the bipolar positive and negative direct current pulse voltage are respectively connected with a power supplyU ₀₁The absolute value of (A) is not more than 0.8VU ₀₁≤36V；

The current limiting step of the Pin specifically comprises the following steps: input current of the PinI ₀Not more thanI _maxWherein, theI _maxThe current is less than the rated current which can be provided by the serial port;I _max ≥I ₀ ≥1mA；

the step of limiting the frequency of the Pin specifically comprises the following steps: frequency of filteringFAvoidF ₀The filter circuit of (a) is provided,F ₀－ΔF≥F≥F ₀＋Δ F，F ₀is the frequency of the signal or signals in question,ΔFis an offset frequency;

the step of polarity inversion, including whether or notU ₀₁Whether the voltage is positive or negative can enable the power taking circuit to output positive voltage, and the method comprises the steps of adopting a charge pump polarity conversion circuit;

the voltage stabilization step specifically comprises capacitor storage and voltage stabilization, and/or further comprises voltage boosting and voltage reduction;

the relationship between the voltages is: v0 > V2 > V1;

4. The method of claim 2, including the step of powering the battery;

said battery comprising a dry cell battery or a rechargeable battery or a long life battery, including the step of charging said rechargeable battery when said rechargeable battery is employed;

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, further comprising the steps of grading the power utilization circuit, utilizing the power, constraining and monitoring, and specifically comprising:

the step of grading comprises:

classifying the power utilization circuit from small power consumption to large power consumption according to the power consumption; classifying according to the functions of the power utilization circuit; a step of ranking the power utilization circuit according to the intention of a user;

the power utilization step comprises:

the voltage V00 is adopted to provide the application for the circuit with small power consumption, including the core real-time clock, the core storage and the display of the MCU circuit; the voltage V1 is adopted to supply the electricity utilization circuit with electricity utilization voltage of 1.8V to 3V; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,

the voltage V2 is adopted to provide the electricity utilization circuit with the maximum electricity consumption or the intention of the user;

the constraint step records that the total electric energy provided by the charging power supply is QUOTE

The total power supplied by the circuit 1 is QUOTE

The total power supplied by the circuit 2 is QUOTE

The total power supplied by all recursive circuits is QUOTE

Electric energy QUOTE

With voltage QUOTE

And current limiting QUOTE

The relationship between is QUOTE

，1≤𝒾N is less than or equal to N, N is the total number of recursion, and the electric energy constraint relation conforms to QUOTE

；

The monitoring step includes:

the MCU circuit monitors the voltage and current of the Pout, the P3 and the P8 through ADC and GPIO, calculates the power consumption, the residual power and management, outputs the monitoring result and the calculation result through a DATA output circuit and the display, and serves as the P5 to output a K1 signal.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized by comprising a step of serial port monitoring, specifically comprising:

and monitoring the connectivity of a connector of a serial port and the validity of the voltage of an input end by the MCU circuit, sending a monitoring result to the display for displaying, and sending information to the outside through the DATA output circuit.

7. A design circuit of a serial port multistage charge-discharge power supply comprises an output end Pout, a circuit 1, a circuit 2, a multistage circuit and an MCU circuit;

the circuit 1 comprises a first charging port P1, a second charging port P2, a voltage stabilizing circuit 1 with a voltage stabilizing value of V1, an output control port P5 with an output signal of K1 and an output voltage of K1U ₁An output power port P3, a capacitor C1; the P1 is connected to the Pout, the C1 accepts the charging of the P1 and the P2; when saidU ₁< V1- Δ V such that the K1=0 when theU ₁When the voltage is equal to or more than V1, the K1=1, and the delta V is a voltage-stabilizing interval value of the voltage-stabilizing circuit 1; after the C1 is charged, the voltage stabilizing circuit 1 outputs through the P3U ₁=V1；

The circuit 2 comprises a charging port P6, a voltage stabilizing circuit 2 with a voltage stabilizing value V2 and an output voltageU ₂An output power port P8, an input control port P7, and a capacitor C2; the P6 is connected to Pout, the P7 is connected to P5, the circuit 2 stops charging to the C2 when the K1=0, and the circuit 2 charges to the C2 when the K1= 1; after the C2 is charged, the voltage stabilizing circuit 2 outputs voltage through the P8U ₂= V2; the P8 is connected with the P2 whenU ₂ ＞The P8 charges the circuit 1 at V1; the numerical relationship between the voltage and the capacitance is as follows: v2 > V1, C2 > C1;

the multistage circuit comprises a circuit N, wherein N is a natural number, and the stage number and the connection interface of the circuit are the same as those of the circuit 1 and the circuit 2;

the MCU circuit comprises an MCU, a memory, a display, a power consumption monitoring circuit and a DATA output circuit; the electricity consumption monitoring circuit is connected with the Pout, the P3 and the P8 to monitor current and voltage, the MCU calculates electricity consumption, residual electricity and management, and the DATA output circuit outputs monitoring and calculation results; the MCU also comprises an output end which outputs a K1 signal instead of the P5; the display is used for displaying the working state of the design circuit and the monitoring and calculating results; the storing is used for storing the working state of the software and the design circuit and the monitoring and calculating results; the display comprises a low power consumption liquid crystal display.

8. The design circuit of claim 7, comprising a serial power supply circuit;

the circuit specifically comprises an input end Pin, a rectification filter circuit, a polarity conversion circuit and the Pout; and/or, a current limiting circuit, an input protection circuit;

the input voltage of Pin isU ₀₁SaidU ₀₁Is allowed to range from-UTo+UComprises alternating voltage and bipolar positive and negative direct current pulse voltage, 0.8V≤U≤36V; the Pin is externally connected with an external serial port, and the specific connection comprises transmissionThe request sending end RTS and the data terminal ready end DTR also comprise signal lines of other serial interfaces except RS232, the rectification filter circuit is internally connected, the rectification filter circuit is connected with the polarity conversion circuit, and the polarity conversion circuit is connected with the Pout; the output voltage of the Pout is V0, and V0 > V2;

the rectifying and filtering circuit comprises a rectifying device with forward voltage drop less than or equal to 1.0V, a high-frequency filtering circuit, a low-frequency filtering circuit and a serial port input end voltageU ₀₁The rectifier comprises a bipolar positive and negative pulse voltage and an alternating voltage, and the rectifier comprises a Schottky device;

the polarity conversion circuit comprises a circuit for converting a negative polarity voltage into a positive polarity voltage, a charge pump circuit and a direct current-direct current conversion circuit DC-DC;

the current limiting circuit comprises a current limiting device and a circuit which limit the current flowing into the Pin not to exceed 500 mA;

9. The design circuit of claim 7, comprising a TxD power-taking circuit;

the method specifically comprises the following steps: the input end Pin, the bidirectional rectifying filter circuit, the charge pump circuit and the Pout; and/or, a current limiting circuit, an input protection circuit;

the input voltage of Pin isU ₀₁SaidU ₀₁Is allowed to range from-UTo+UComprising an AC voltage and a bipolar positive and negative DC pulse voltage, 3V≤U≤15V; the Pin is externally connected with a data transmitting end TxD of an external serial port device end, internally connected with the bidirectional rectifying and filtering circuit, and the bidirectional rectifying and filtering circuit is connected with the charge pump circuit; or, the Pin is externally connected with the TxD and the RxD;

the bidirectional rectifying circuit is used for rectifying and filtering positive and negative voltage pulses between the TxD and the ground wire to generate a positive power supply and a negative power supply; the charge pump circuit connects the negative power supply and the positive power supply in parallel or superposes to form a direct current voltage V0, wherein V0 is more than V2;

the current limiting circuit comprises a current limiting device and a circuit which limit the current flowing into the Pin not to exceed 10 mA;

the input end protection circuit comprises overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, ESD protection of electrostatic discharge and EMC protection of electromagnetic compatibility.

10. The design circuit of claim 9, comprising: the low-power consumption working mode of the battery power supply circuit and the MCU, and/or effectiveness monitoring;

the battery power supply circuit comprises a battery and a power supply circuit;

the battery comprises a dry battery, a long-life button battery or a rechargeable battery, and a charging circuit is included when the rechargeable battery is adopted;

the power supply circuit is connected with the battery and the MCU and is used for processing the power supply circuit of the battery;

the low-power consumption working mode comprises the following working contents: MCU, real time clock, storage, display; and/or, the power consumption monitoring circuit is included, and the display content comprises the working state of the design circuit;

the battery power supply circuit supplies power for the low power consumption mode working mode;

the effectiveness monitoring comprises a serial port monitoring circuit, the serial port monitoring circuit is connected with the MCU, the serial port or the TxD, and the monitoring content comprises: whether the serial port or the TxD is communicated or not, whether a signal exists or not and whether the signal is normal or not are judged, and a monitoring result is displayed on the display and an alarm is output;

the display comprises a low power consumption liquid crystal display;

the design circuit is designed by selecting low-power-consumption devices and circuits;