CN110133365B - Method and device for detecting switching event of load - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for detecting a switching event of a load, wherein the method comprises the following steps: inputting a first power signal sequence of a measured load; obtaining a second power signal sequence: setting the current value of the sequence number i to 1; selecting an ith element delta P (i) in the second power signal sequence delta P; generating an investigation sequence gamma; calculating the difference value of q (i) and each element in the investigation sequence gamma; form a cluster vector E when
When so, then mark q (i) as the current cluster center; adding the current cluster center q (i) and the current cluster point to an existing cluster if the current cluster center q (i) has been marked as a cluster point or the current cluster point has been marked as a cluster point or a cluster center; otherwise, a new cluster omega is builtj. Adding 1 to the value of the serial number i; when i is less than or equal to N, jumping to the step 4 to continue iteration; according to the cluster omegajAnd judging whether the load has a switching event or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of smart power grids, in particular to a method and a device for detecting a switching event of a load.
Background
With the development of smart grids, the analysis of household electrical loads becomes more and more important. Through the analysis of the power load, a family user can obtain the power consumption information of each electric appliance and a refined list of the power charge in time; the power department can obtain more detailed user power utilization information, can improve the accuracy of power utilization load prediction, and provides a basis for overall planning for the power department. Meanwhile, the power utilization behavior of the user can be obtained by utilizing the power utilization information of each electric appliance, so that the method has guiding significance for the study of household energy consumption evaluation and energy-saving strategies.
The current electric load decomposition is mainly divided into an invasive load decomposition method and a non-invasive load decomposition method. The non-invasive load decomposition method does not need to install monitoring equipment on internal electric equipment of the load, and can obtain the load information of each electric equipment only according to the total information of the electric load. The non-invasive load decomposition method has the characteristics of less investment, convenience in use and the like, so that the method is suitable for decomposing household load electricity.
In the non-invasive load decomposition algorithm, the detection of the switching event of the electrical equipment is the most important link. The initial event detection takes the change value delta P of the active power P as the judgment basis of the event detection, and is convenient and intuitive. This is because the power consumed by any one of the electric devices changes, and the change is reflected in the total power consumed by all the electric devices. Besides the need to set a reasonable threshold for the power variation value, this method also needs to solve the problem of the event detection method in practical application: a large peak (for example, a motor starting current is much larger than a rated current) appears in an instantaneous power value at the starting time of some electric appliances, so that an electric appliance steady-state power change value is inaccurate, and the judgment of a switching event is influenced, and the peak is actually pulse noise; moreover, the transient process of different household appliances is long or short (the duration and the occurrence frequency of impulse noise are different greatly), so that the determination of the power change value becomes difficult; due to the fact that the active power changes suddenly when the quality of the electric energy changes (such as voltage drop), misjudgment is likely to happen. In the distribution of noise (including impulse noise) in the measured power signal (otherwise known as a power data sequence), the intensity of the (impulse) noise is large and the background noise has a large impact on the correct detection of switching events.
Therefore, in the switching event detection process, how to improve the switching event detection accuracy is very important.
The existing switch event detection method has the following defects:
load switching events that are now commonly used are often determined using changes in power data: when the power change value exceeds a preset threshold value, a load switch event is considered to occur. This approach, while simple and easy to implement, results in a significant drop in the accuracy of the switching event detection due to the impulse noise and the common use of non-linear loads.
Load switch event detection is the most important step in energy decomposition, and can detect the occurrence of an event and determine the occurrence time of the event. However, the accuracy of the detection of the switching event is greatly affected by noise in the power signal (power sequence), and particularly, impulse noise generally exists in the power signal, which further affects the detection accuracy. Therefore, it is currently a very important task to effectively improve the detection accuracy of the load switch event.
Load switching events that are now commonly used are often determined using changes in power data: when the power change value exceeds a preset threshold value, a load switch event is considered to occur. This approach, while simple and easy to implement, results in a significant drop in the accuracy of the switching event detection due to the impulse noise and the common use of non-linear loads.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for detecting a switching event of a load, which can improve detection accuracy.
A method of detecting a switching event of a load, comprising:
step 2, subtracting the former data from the latter data in the first power signal sequence to obtain a second power signal sequence: Δ P ═ P (2) -P (1), P (3) -P (2), …, P (N +1) -P (N) ], the length of Δ P is N;
step 3, setting the current value of the serial number i as 1;
step 4, selecting an i-th element Δ P (i) in the second power signal sequence Δ P, and expressing the i-th element Δ P (i) as q (i), wherein q (i) is Δ P (i);
step 5, generating an investigation sequence gamma according to the second power signal sequence delta P;
step 6, calculating the difference value of q (i) and each element in the investigation sequence gamma; selecting elements with difference values smaller than or equal to a threshold value R from the elements of the investigation sequence Γ, forming a cluster vector Ε, [ Δ p (e ═ e1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]，c＝1,2,…,C；
Step 7, when
Then, q (i) is labeled as the current cluster center, and the cluster vector e ═ Δ p (e) is labeled1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]All points in (a) are marked as current cluster points; in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents rounding on;
step 8, if the current cluster center q (i) has been labeled as a cluster point, or the current cluster point has been labeled as a cluster point or a cluster center, determining the current cluster center q (i) and the current cluster point Ε [ Δ p (e) ]1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]Adding to an existing cluster; otherwise, a new cluster omega is builtj。
Step 9, adding 1 to the value of the serial number i; when i is less than or equal to N, jumping to the step 4 to continue iteration; otherwise, the iteration is ended; after the iteration is finished, a series of clusters are obtained: omega1，Ω2,…,ΩD；
Step 10, according to the cluster omegajAnd judging whether the load has a switching event or not.
An apparatus for detecting a switching event of a load, comprising:
the acquisition unit is used for inputting a first power signal sequence p (1), p (2), …, p (N) of the actually measured load, wherein p (N +1) and N +1 are the length of the power signal sequence;
the first calculating unit subtracts the previous data from the next data in the first power signal sequence to obtain a second power signal sequence: Δ P ═ P (2) -P (1), P (3) -P (2), …, P (N +1) -P (N) ], the length of Δ P is N;
a setting unit that sets a current value of a sequence number i to 1;
a selecting unit, which selects the ith element Δ P (i) in the second power signal sequence Δ P, and represents the element as q (i), q (i) ═ Δ P (i);
a generation unit configured to generate an investigation sequence Γ from the second power signal sequence Δ P;
a second calculation unit for calculating the difference between q (i) and each element in the investigation sequence gamma(ii) a Selecting elements with difference values smaller than or equal to a threshold value R from the elements of the investigation sequence Γ, forming a cluster vector Ε, [ Δ p (e ═ e1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]，c＝1,2,…,C；
A marking unit when
Then, q (i) is labeled as the current cluster center, and the cluster vector e ═ Δ p (e) is labeled1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]All points in (a) are marked as current cluster points; in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents rounding on;
a joining unit that, if the current cluster center q (i) has been labeled as a cluster point, or the current cluster point has been labeled as a cluster point or a cluster center, references the current cluster center q (i) and the current cluster point E ═ Δ p (e)1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]Adding to an existing cluster; otherwise, a new cluster omega is builtj。
A third calculation unit for adding 1 to the value of the sequence number i; when i is less than or equal to N, jumping to the step 4 to continue iteration; otherwise, the iteration is ended; after the iteration is finished, a series of clusters are obtained: omega1，Ω2,…,ΩD；
A judging unit for judging the cluster omegajAnd judging whether the load has a switching event or not.
The invention provides a novel load switch event detection method, which utilizes the difference between a power signal and pulse noise and eliminates the influence of the noise by grouping the power signal. On the basis, the load switch event is determined by using the affiliation of the signals after the grouping, so that the event detection precision is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting a switching event according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting a switching event of a load in an application scenario of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of a device for detecting a switching event according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described separately in terms of functional division into various units/modules. Of course, the functionality of the units/modules may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware implementations of the invention.
Interpretation of terms:
load switching event: action of opening or closing power switch of load (electric equipment)
Energy decomposition: the value of the power read at the meter is decomposed into the values of the power consumed by the individual loads.
As shown in the figure, the method for detecting a switching event of a load according to the present invention includes:
step 11, acquiring a first power signal sequence p (1), p (2), …, p (N), p (N +1), N +1 of the actually measured load as the length of the power signal sequence;
step 12, subtracting the previous data from the next data in the first power signal sequence to obtain a second power signal sequence: Δ P ═ P (2) -P (1), P (3) -P (2), …, P (N +1) -P (N) ], the length of Δ P is N;
step 13, setting the current value of the serial number i to 1;
step 14, selecting an i-th element Δ P (i) in the second power signal sequence Δ P, and expressing the i-th element Δ P (i) as q (i), wherein q (i) is Δ P (i);
step 15, generating an investigation sequence gamma according to the second power signal sequence delta P; the step 5 comprises the following steps: and selecting n-30 th to n +30 th elements in the second power signal sequence delta P as an investigation sequence gamma, wherein the gamma is [ delta P (n-30), delta P (n-29), …, delta P (n), …, delta P (n +29) and delta P (n +30) ].
Step 16, calculating the difference value of q (i) and each element in the investigation sequence gamma; selecting elements with difference values smaller than or equal to a threshold value R from the elements of the investigation sequence Γ, forming a cluster vector Ε, [ Δ p (e ═ e1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]C is 1,2, …, C; the step 6 further comprises: when Δ P (n-k) is absent, Δ P (n) is taken as the corresponding element in the investigation sequence.
Step 17, when
Then, q (i) is labeled as the current cluster center, and the cluster vector e ═ Δ p (e) is labeled1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]All points in (a) are marked as current cluster points; in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents rounding on; the step 7 further comprises:
calculating the threshold value, wherein the threshold value R is 0.61 delta; δ is the mean square error of the second power signal sequence.
Before step 1 and step 7, the method further comprises:
calculating the mean and mean square error of the second power signal sequence;
mean value
Mean square error
Step 18, if the current cluster center q (i) has been labeled as a cluster point, or the current cluster point has been labeled as a cluster point or a cluster center, the current cluster center q (i) and the current cluster point Ε are [ Δ p (e) ]1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]Adding to an existing cluster; otherwise, a new cluster omega is builtj。
Step 19, adding 1 to the value of the serial number i; when i is less than or equal to N, jumping to the step 4 to continue iteration; otherwise, the iteration is ended; after the iteration is finished, a series of clusters are obtained: omega1，Ω2,…,ΩD；
Step 110, according to the cluster omegajAnd judging whether the load has a switching event or not. The step 10 comprises: if cluster omegajThe number of elements in (1) is less than
Then judge cluster omegaj＝{ΔP(j1),ΔP(j2),…,ΔP(jJ) Point Δ P (j) in1),ΔP(j2),…,ΔP(jJ) Corresponding to a switching event; j is 1,2, …, D.
The invention provides a novel load switch event detection method, which utilizes the difference between a power signal and pulse noise and eliminates the influence of the noise by grouping the power signal. On the basis, the load switch event is determined by using the affiliation of the signals after the grouping, so that the event detection precision is improved. The method has the advantages of good robustness and simple calculation.
The following describes an application scenario. The flow chart of this algorithm is shown in fig. 2, and the method comprises:
1. inputting data
Inputting measured power signal sequences p (1), p (2), …, p (N), p (N +1), and N +1 is the length of the power signal sequence.
2. Data transformation
Subtracting the former data from the latter data to obtain a new data vector:
ΔP＝[p(2)-p(1),p(3)-p(2),…,p(N+1)-p(N)]
the length of the data sequence Δ P is N in this case.
3. Calculating mean and mean square error
Mean value
Mean square error
4. Starting counting: i is 1
5. The ith element Δ P (i) in the data sequence Δ P is selected as the current point and is denoted again as q (i) ═ Δ P (i).
6. The (n-30) th to (n +30) th elements in the data sequence delta P are selected as an investigation sequence gamma ═ delta P (n-30), delta P (n-29), …, delta P (n), …, delta P (n +29), delta P (n +30) ]. Note: if Δ P (n-k) is not present, Δ P (n) is substituted.
For example: when n is 10 and k is 20, Δ P (n-20) is Δ P (10) in the sequence.
7. Calculating the difference value between q (i) and each element in the investigation sequence gamma, selecting the elements with the difference value smaller than 0.61 delta, and forming a cluster vector Ee [ delta p (e)1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]The elements in the cluster vector satisfy: i Δ p (e)c) -q (i) ≦ R, C ═ 1,2, …, C. The cluster vector has C elements in total.
8. And (3) characterization:
if it is not
Label q (i) as cluster center, cluster vector e ═ Δ p (e)1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]All points in (a) are marked as cluster points. In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represent the rounding of the upper one.
9. If cluster center q (i) has been marked as a cluster point, or the current cluster point has been markedDenoted as cluster point or cluster center, the current cluster center q (i) and the current cluster point Ε ═ Δ p (e)1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]Adding to an existing cluster; otherwise, a new cluster omega is builtj。
10. Counting: i ═ i + 1. If i is less than or equal to N +1, go to step 5 and continue the iteration.
11. After the iteration is finished, a series of clusters are obtained: omega1，Ω2,…,ΩD. If cluster omegaj(j is 1,2, …, D) is less than
Then cluster omegaj＝{ΔP(j1),ΔP(j2),…,ΔP(jJ) Point Δ P (j) in1),ΔP(j2),…,ΔP(jJ) Corresponding to a switching event. The flow chart of this algorithm is shown in figure 2.
The main disadvantage of commonly used algorithms for determining load switching events based on power variations is that impulse noise and non-linear loads can cause errors in the detection of switching events. The invention provides a novel load switch event detection method. The proposed method takes advantage of the difference between the power signal and the impulse noise, and removes the effect of the noise by clustering the power signal. On the basis, the load switch event is determined by using the affiliation of the signals after the grouping, so that the event detection precision is improved. The method has the advantages of good robustness and simple calculation.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a device for detecting a switching event of a load, including:
the acquiring unit 31 inputs a first power signal sequence p (1), p (2), …, p (N), p (N +1), N +1 of the actually measured load as the length of the power signal sequence;
the first calculating unit 32 subtracts the previous data from the next data in the first power signal sequence to obtain a second power signal sequence: Δ P ═ P (2) -P (1), P (3) -P (2), …, P (N +1) -P (N) ], the length of Δ P is N;
a setting unit 33 that sets the current value of the sequence number i to 1;
a selecting unit 34, which selects an i-th element Δ P (i) in the second power signal sequence Δ P, and represents it as q (i), q (i) ═ Δ P (i);
a generating unit 35 configured to generate an investigation sequence Γ from the second power signal sequence Δ P;
a second calculation unit 36 for calculating a difference value between q (i) and each element in the investigation sequence Γ; selecting elements with difference values smaller than or equal to a threshold value R from the elements of the investigation sequence Γ, forming a cluster vector Ε, [ Δ p (e ═ e1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]，c＝1,2,…,C；
A marking unit 37 when
Then, q (i) is labeled as the current cluster center, and the cluster vector e ═ Δ p (e) is labeled1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]All points in (a) are marked as current cluster points; in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents rounding on;
a joining unit 38 that, if the current cluster center q (i) has been labeled as a cluster point, or the current cluster point has been labeled as a cluster point or a cluster center, references the current cluster center q (i) and the current cluster point Ε [ Δ p (e ═ e >1),Δp(e2),…,Δp(eC)]Adding to an existing cluster; otherwise, a new cluster omega is builtj。
A third calculating unit 39 for adding 1 to the value of the sequence number i; when i is less than or equal to N, jumping to the step 4 to continue iteration; otherwise, the iteration is ended; after the iteration is finished, a series of clusters are obtained: omega1，Ω2,…,ΩD；
A judging unit 310 for judging the cluster omegajAnd judging whether the load has a switching event or not.
The generating unit is specifically:
and selecting n-30 th to n +30 th elements in the second power signal sequence delta P as an investigation sequence gamma, wherein the gamma is [ delta P (n-30), delta P (n-29), …, delta P (n), …, delta P (n +29) and delta P (n +30) ].
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of detecting a switching event of a load, comprising:
step 1, acquiring a first power signal sequence p (1), p (2), L, p (N), p (N +1) of a load which is actually measured, wherein the N +1 is the length of the power signal sequence;
step 2, subtracting the former data from the latter data in the first power signal sequence to obtain a second power signal sequence: Δ P ═ P (2) -P (1), P (3) -P (2), …, P (N +1) -P (N) ], the length of Δ P is N;
step 3, setting the current value of the serial number i as 1;
step 4, selecting an i-th element Δ P (i) in the second power signal sequence Δ P, and expressing the i-th element Δ P (i) as q (i), wherein q (i) is Δ P (i);
step 5, generating an investigation sequence gamma according to the second power signal sequence delta P;
step 6, calculating the difference value of q (i) and each element in the investigation sequence gamma; selecting elements with difference values smaller than or equal to a threshold value R from the elements of the investigation sequence Γ, forming a cluster vector Ε, [ Δ p (e ═ e1),Δp(e2),L,Δp(eC)]，c＝1,2,L,C；
Step 7, when a predetermined condition is met, labeling q (i) as the current cluster center, and labeling the cluster vector e ═ Δ p (e)1),Δp(e2),L,Δp(eC)]All points in (a) are marked as current cluster points; in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents rounding on;
step 8, when the current cluster center q (i) has been labeled as a cluster point, or the current cluster point has been labeled as a cluster point or a cluster center, then the current cluster center q (i) and the current cluster point Ε are [ [ Δ p (e ═ e-1),Δp(e2),L,Δp(eC)]Adding to an existing cluster; otherwise, a new cluster omega is builtj；
Step 9, adding 1 to the value of the serial number i; when i is less than or equal to N, jumping to the step 4 to continue iteration; otherwise, the iteration is ended; after the iteration is finished, a series of clusters are obtained: omega1，Ω2,L,ΩD；
Step 10, according to the cluster omegajAnd judging whether the load has a switching event or not.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 5 comprises:
and selecting n-30 th to n +30 th elements in the second power signal sequence delta P as an investigation sequence gamma, wherein the gamma is [ delta P (n-30), delta P (n-29), L, delta P (n +29) and delta P (n +30) ].
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step 6 further comprises:
when Δ P (n-k) is absent, Δ P (n) is taken as the corresponding element in the investigation sequence.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein step 7 further comprises:
calculating the threshold value, wherein the threshold value R is 0.61 delta; δ is the mean square error of the second power signal sequence.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein prior to step 7, the method further comprises:
calculating the mean and mean square error of the second power signal sequence;
mean value
Mean square error
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step 10 comprises:
if cluster omegajThe number of elements in (1) is less than
Then judge cluster omegaj＝{ΔP(j1),ΔP(j2),L,ΔP(jJ) Point Δ P (j) in1),ΔP(j2),L,ΔP(jJ) Corresponding to a switching event; j is 1,2, …, D.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined condition in step 7 comprises:
8. an apparatus for detecting a switching event of a load, comprising:
the acquisition unit inputs a first power signal sequence p (1), p (2), L, p (N), p (N +1) of the actually measured load, and the N +1 is the length of the power signal sequence;
the first calculating unit subtracts the previous data from the next data in the first power signal sequence to obtain a second power signal sequence: Δ P ═ P (2) -P (1), P (3) -P (2), …, P (N +1) -P (N) ], the length of Δ P is N;
a setting unit that sets a current value of a sequence number i to 1;
a selecting unit, which selects the ith element Δ P (i) in the second power signal sequence Δ P, and represents the element as q (i), q (i) ═ Δ P (i);
a generation unit configured to generate an investigation sequence Γ from the second power signal sequence Δ P;
a second calculation unit for calculating a difference value between q (i) and each element in the investigation sequence gamma; selecting elements with difference values smaller than or equal to a threshold value R from the elements of the investigation sequence Γ, forming a cluster vector Ε, [ Δ p (e ═ e1),Δp(e2),L,Δp(eC)]，c＝1,2,L,C；
A marking unit when
Then, q (i) is labeled as the current cluster center, and the cluster vector e ═ Δ p (e) is labeled1),Δp(e2),L,Δp(eC)]All points in (a) are marked as current cluster points; in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
represents rounding on;
a joining unit that, if the current cluster center q (i) has been labeled as a cluster point, or the current cluster point has been labeled as a cluster point or a cluster center, references the current cluster center q (i) and the current cluster point E ═ Δ p (e)1),Δp(e2),L,Δp(eC)]Adding to an existing cluster; otherwise, a new cluster omega is builtj；
A third calculation unit for adding 1 to the value of the sequence number i; when i is less than or equal to N, jumping to the step 4 to continue iteration; otherwise, the iteration is ended; after the iteration is finished, a series of clusters are obtained: omega1，Ω2,L,ΩD；
A judging unit for judging the cluster omegajAnd judging whether the load has a switching event or not.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the generating unit is specifically:
and selecting n-30 th to n +30 th elements in the second power signal sequence delta P as an investigation sequence gamma, wherein the gamma is [ delta P (n-30), delta P (n-29), L, delta P (n +29) and delta P (n +30) ].
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