CN110133140B - Component identification and bacteriostatic activity research of volatile oil of aerial parts of dictamnus dasycarpus - Google Patents
Component identification and bacteriostatic activity research of volatile oil of aerial parts of dictamnus dasycarpus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to analysis of components of volatile oil of aerial parts of dictamnus dasycarpus and research on bacteriostatic activity of the volatile oil. The dictamnus dasycarpus is an economical and practical plant cultivated in the wild of China, the dry root bark is generally called dictamnus dasycarpus for treating various inflammatory diseases, and in order to improve the utilization rate of the whole plant of the dictamnus dasycarpus, the aboveground part of the discarded dictamnus dasycarpus is developed. The volatile oil of the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus is obtained by adopting a steam distillation method, the yield is 0.14%, and the GC-MS method is adopted to identify that the volatile oil contains 39 compounds which account for 94.3% of the total components. The main components comprise germacrene D (18.04%), terpinolene (12.97%), ocimene (10.42%), beta-caryophyllene (7.74%), phytol (5.20%) and globeflower (3.16%) and account for 57.5% of the total component content. The volatile oil of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus has an antibacterial effect on staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, escherichia coli, bacillus pumilus and bacillus subtilis, wherein MICs of the staphylococcus aureus and the candida albicans are 1.56 mg/mL and 3.23 mg/mL respectively, and a scientific basis is provided for development of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a volatile oil of overground part of dictamnus dasycarpus, in particular to extraction, composition analysis and bacteriostasis of the volatile oil of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus.
Background
Since ancient times, plants are natural treasury of antibacterial active substances, are widely applied to food preservation and medical accessories, solve many problems in human production and life, and promote the development and utilization of plant resources; dictamnus dasycarpus belongs to Rutaceae family, and its main chemical components include alkaloid, volatile oil, etc.; the existing research shows that the extraction rate of the cortex dictamni volatile oil is 0.09%, wherein the volatile oil mainly comprises sesquiterpene compounds and long-chain fatty acid components, the sesquiterpene compounds are the main active components of the volatile oil, and the cortex dictamni mainly comprises cis 7-hydroxy-7-anis norbornene, dimethyl cyclodecatriene, myrcene and the like; cortex Dictamni Radicis has strong antibacterial activity, wherein the cortex Dictamni Radicis volatile oil has strongest antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-insect, anti-allergic, hemostatic, and antioxidant effects; the dittany bark is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine which is collected from traditional Chinese herbs of all ages and Chinese pharmacopoeia, has the effects of clearing heat, drying dampness, dispelling wind, removing toxicity and the like, and is mainly used for treating diseases such as damp-heat sore toxin, yellow water dripping, eczema, rubella, scabies, sore scabies, rheumatism, heat arthralgia, jaundice, dark urine and the like.
The volatile oil is a plant secondary metabolite, is composed of simple compounds with small relative molecular mass, and has a certain aromatic odor; according to different chemical structures, the compounds can be divided into aliphatic compounds, aromatic compounds and terpenoids; these compounds have a low boiling point and good volatility.
The volatile oil contains a plurality of terpenoids, the terpene is an olefin, and the terpenoids have good inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria; according to literature reports, the germacrene D belongs to sesquiterpene compounds, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the germacrene D to bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus which account for 18.9 percent of the total amount of the artemisia annua volatile oil are 0.00781 and 10 mg/mL respectively; similarly, germacrene D is also the main component of two kinds of Turkey sophora flavescens volatile oil, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of the germacrene D to escherichia coli is 11.0 mg/mL; the pistacia chinensis bunge essential oil contains (Z) -beta-ocimene, the highest speed can be 44.85 percent, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of the pistacia chinensis bunge essential oil to staphylococcus aureus is 0.032 mg/mL; the content of beta-caryophyllene in Indian aristolochia is high, and the beta-caryophyllene has inhibitory action on staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis; the proportion of phytol in the solanum nigrum volatile oil is 27.25 percent, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the phytol to bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli are 62.5 ug/mL and 125 ug/mL respectively.
Cortex Dictamni Radicis is widely used for treating dermatogic diseases such as inflammation, microbial infection, pudendum itch, eczema, cancer, allergic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.; there are five varieties of Baixian, which are widely distributed in Europe, Asia and other places, and there are two varieties of Chinese, which are widely distributed, and the Baixian is commercially cultivated in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Sichuan and Jiangsu places.
With the increase of the demand for the dictamnus dasycarpus, the planting area of the dictamnus dasycarpus is increased year by year, and the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus causes large-area waste; the dittany bark has high price, difficult planting and high cost, the leaves have unique smell, and volatile oil of the overground part of the dittany bark has not been researched and developed.
With the vigorous application and demand of essential oil products, the research carries out component analysis and bacteriostasis experiments on the Baixian overground part volatile oil grown in Jilin province chemical markets (42 degrees 4 '52' N, 125 degrees 38 '8' E), changes waste into valuable, develops novel resources and provides scientific basis for the development of Baixian overground part volatile oil products in future.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to perform GC-MS characterization on the volatile oil of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus, qualitatively determine the effective components of the volatile oil by combining the retention index, and study the bacteriostatic action of the volatile oil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a method for extracting volatile oil from overground part of dictamnus dasycarpus, which comprises the following steps:
cutting the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus, adding water, stirring, and extracting by using a volatile oil extraction device to obtain volatile oil of the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus; the mass ratio of the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus leaves to water in the steps is 1: 5-8, preferably 1:6, and steam distillation is carried out for 5 hours; placing the extract at-20 deg.C to separate out crystal and obtain volatile oil, storing the volatile oil in a sealed bottle, and placing in a refrigerator freezing layer.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for analyzing the volatile oil of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) analyzing and detecting the volatile oil of the overground part of the whitewashed plant by adopting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.
The conditions for analytical detection were: rxi-5sil chromatographic columns (30 m × 0.25mm × 0.25 μm), helium gas as carrier gas, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and solvent delay of 3 min; temperature rising procedure: the initial temperature is 40 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4min, the temperature is raised to 60 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 2min, the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 4min, the temperature is raised to 180 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 5min, the temperature is raised to 280 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 5 min; ion source temperature 230 ℃, electron bombardment ion source (EI) energy 70eV, transport line temperature 280 ℃, scan range (m/z): 40-450; performing mass spectrum scanning on all chromatographic peaks to obtain a mass spectrogram, determining the relative content of each component in the volatile oil by using a peak area normalization method, searching and determining chemical components by searching a standard database of a library Nist05, calculating the relative content of each component by using an area normalization method, comparing the calculated retention index value with the retention index in the database, and analyzing the types and the contents of the components of the volatile oil of the overground part of the fresh plant.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a volatile oil of aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus obtained by the above extraction method. Through analysis and detection, the chemical components of the volatile oil of the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus comprise: germacrene D, terpinolene, (Z) -beta-ocimene, beta-caryophyllene, phytol, delta-dodecanol lactone, cedrol, linalool, delta-cadinene, alpha-thujene, beta-phellandrene, myrcene, terpinene, linalool, 1,6, 6-trimethylcyclohexen-3-one, alpha-buntene, bisabolene, caryophyllene, alpha-menthene, trans-nerolidol, melaleuca alternifolia alcohol, eucalyptol, laburnitol, N-pentadecanal, linolenic acid ethyl ester, 1- (vinyloxy) hexadecane, octadecyl acetate, hexadecanal, N-dimethyllauramide, N-dotriacontane, and the like.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides an application of the volatile oil of the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus in serving as a bacteriostatic agent, wherein the bacteriostatic agent has a good bacteriostatic effect on staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, escherichia coli, bacillus pumilus and bacillus subtilis, and can be used in the fields of cosmetics, health products, foods and the like.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the volatile oil has very complex components and different sources, and no report about the extraction, analysis and use of the volatile oil of the fresh aerial parts is available at present; based on the application, the component identification and the antibacterial activity research of the volatile oil of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus are provided.
Example 1: in one embodiment of the present application, a method for extracting volatile oil from aerial parts of dictamnus dasycarpus comprises the following steps:
cleaning fresh aerial parts of cortex Dictamni Radicis with a weight of 100g, pulverizing, adding distilled water, stirring, soaking, and extracting with volatile oil extraction device by steam distillation, wherein the material-liquid ratio is as follows: 1:6 (g/mL), extracting for 5h to obtain 0.14% of the volatile oil of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus, standing the volatile oil at-20 ℃ to separate out crystals, separating oil from water to obtain a sample, storing the volatile oil in a sealed bottle before gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and placing the sealed bottle in a refrigerator freezing layer.
Example 2: in a specific embodiment, a method for identifying and analyzing the volatile oil of the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus prepared by the extraction method is provided, which comprises the following steps:
the detection of the volatile oil comprises the following steps: analyzing and detecting the volatile oil of the species to be detected by adopting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), wherein the detection conditions are as follows: rxi-5sil chromatographic columns (30 m × 0.25mm × 0.25 μm), helium gas as carrier gas, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and solvent delay of 3 min; temperature rising procedure: the initial temperature is 40 deg.C, holding for 4min, heating to 60 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, holding for 2min, heating to 110 deg.C at 15 deg.C/min, holding for 4min, heating to 180 deg.C at 5 deg.C/min, holding for 5min, heating to 280 deg.C at 25 deg.C/min, and holding for 5 min. Ion source temperature 230 ℃, electron bombardment ion source (EI) energy 70eV, transport line temperature 280 ℃, scan range (m/z): 40-450, mass spectrum search gallery: last 05.
The identity of each component was determined by comparing retention indices associated with the standard alkane series (C8-C40) and comparing their mass spectra to the device database (NIST 05) or reference data in the literature, and the results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 GC-MS analysis of the aerial volatile oil components of Dictamnus dasycarpus
Distilling aerial part of Dictamnus dasycarpus to obtain 0.14% (w/w) volatile oil in light yellow with fragrant smell. About 39 volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, accounting for 94.3% of the total composition. The chemical composition of the volatile oil of aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus (Burk.) F.H. Chen is shown in Table 1 including qualitative and quantitative analysis. The content of sesquiterpenes in aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus (aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus) is high, and is 37.3%, and monoterpene (29.4%). The major volatile compounds of aerial parts of the dictamnus aerial parts are germacrene D, 18.0%, followed by terpinolene (13.0%), (Z) - β -ocimene (10.4%), β -caryophyllene (7.74%), phytol (5.20%), and patchouli alcohol (3.16%).
Compared with the study on the components of the cortex dictamni volatile oil in 2008 by Jianchuan Lei and the like, in the study on the cortex dictamni volatile oil, the total 13 components of the cortex dictamni volatile oil and the cortex dictamni volatile oil are consistent but have less content, and the method comprises the following steps: beta-phellandrene, myrcene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, (Z) -beta-ocimene, linalool, terpinene, beta-caryophyllene, delta-cadinene, germacrene D, alpha-ylaurene and melaleuca alternifolia alcohol, but the main components are inconsistent, and the main components of the cortex dictamni volatile oil are reported in the literature to be as follows: cis-7-hydroxy-7-anisorbornene (29.4%), dimethylcyclodecatriene (15.5%) and myrcene (11.4%); these results indicate that differences between the composition of the upper and lower portions of the freshaki may be due to a number of causes, such as sunlight, soil, water, and temperature, affecting plant growth and biosynthesis of metabolites, etc.; the aerial part of the Dictamnus dasycarpus is a new natural resource rich in sesquiterpene essential oil.
Example 3: the invention researches the bacteriostatic activity of the volatile oil of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus;
detecting the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the aerial part of the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus, wherein the used bacterial strains comprise staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, escherichia coli, bacillus pumilus and bacillus subtilis; diluting aerial parts of the fresh aerial parts in a 96-well plate by 0.6 time, wherein the gradient is 0.78-200 mg/mL; adding a standard suspension of a strain (108 cfu/mL) and finally dissolving the volatile oil in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 20% (v/v); chloramphenicol (0.78-200 mg/mL) as positive control, and 20% DMSO solution without volatile oil as negative control; all test results were repeated 3 times; the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 minimum bacteriostatic activity of volatile oil from aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus
| Staphylococcus aureus | Candida albicans | Escherichia coli | Bacillus pumilus | Bacillus subtilis | |
| Aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus (mg/mL) | 1.56 | 3.23 | 10 | 100 | 100 |
| Chloramphenicol (mg/mL) | < 0.78 | 12.5 | 3.12 | < 0.78 | < 0.78 |
The aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus are determined to be resistant to 5 pathogenic bacteria (including 4 gram-positive bacteria and 1 gram-negative bacteria); the MIC values of aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus to the strains are shown in Table 2; therefore, the overground part of the dictamnus dasycarpus shows obvious antibacterial capacity to staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans, and MICs are 1.56 mg/mL and 3.23 mg/mL respectively; especially the antibacterial activity to Candida albicans, the MIC of the antibacterial agent is almost 4 times lower than that of the chloramphenicol which is an antibacterial agent on the market; some volatile components, especially the main components, in the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus can play strong antibacterial activities, and documents show that: germacrene D, terpinolene, (Z) -beta-ocimene, beta-caryophyllene, phytol and melaleuca viridis have inhibitory action on most of staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans in natural volatile oil; these volatile compounds are the main bioactive components in the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus, and the total content is 57.5%.
Candida albicans is a common pathogenic fungus widely distributed in nature, and has serious threat to human health to cause a series of infectious diseases; with the abuse of full and/or semi-synthetic antibiotics, more and more diseases related to candida albicans infection are emerging and attract great attention, and the aerial part of dictamnus has good antifungal activity as a natural product.
Claims (2)
1. A detection method of a volatile oil of aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus is characterized in that the detected volatile oil comprises alpha-thujene, beta-phenanthrene, myrcene, gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpinene, (Z) -beta-ocimene, terpinolene, agarofenol, 1-nonanal, 3,4, 4-trimethyl-2-cyclopentene-1-one, 1- (1, 4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-yl) -ethanone, alpha-bulen, beta-caryophyllene, delta-cadinene, 4- (1, 5-dimethyl-1, 4-hexadienyl) -1-methyl-cyclohexene, germacrene D, (Z) -alpha-bisabolene, Alpha-caryophyllene, nerolidol, eucalyptol, trumpet-tea alcohol, cedrol, melaleucyl alcohol, N-dimethyldodecanamide, 14-pentadecanoic acid, delta-dodecalactone, pentadecaldehyde, hexadecanal, cinoxate, hexadecyl vinyl ether, linalool, 1,3, 12-nonadecatriene, phytol, octadecyl acetate, (9Z,12Z,15Z) -9,12, 15-octadecatrienoyl ethyl ester, E, Z-1,3, 12-nonadecatriene-5, 14-diol, geranylgeranyl acetate, and N-triacontane, wherein the volatile oils are detected by the following steps:
(1) searching and determining chemical components through a standard database of a search spectrum library Nitt 05, calculating the relative content of each component by using an area normalization method, comparing the calculated retention index value with the retention index in the database, and analyzing the types and the contents of the components of the volatile oil of the overground part of the whiteland;
(2) the GC-MS is adopted to analyze and detect the relative content of the volatile oil of the overground part of the fresh white blood in the step (1), and the detection conditions are as follows: rxi-5sil chromatographic column, 30m × 0.25mm × 0.25 μm, helium as carrier gas, 1.0 mL/min of flow rate, and 3min of solvent delay; temperature rising procedure: the initial temperature is 40 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4min, the temperature is raised to 60 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 2min, the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 4min, the temperature is raised to 180 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 5min, the temperature is raised to 280 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 5 min; the ion source temperature is 230 ℃, the electron bombardment ion source energy is 70eV, the transmission line temperature is 280 ℃, and the scanning range m/z is as follows: 40-450;
(3) the sample preparation method comprises the following steps: shearing aerial parts of dictamnus dasycarpus, adding water, stirring, extracting by using a volatile oil extraction device, wherein the mass ratio of the aerial parts of the dictamnus dasycarpus to the water is 1: 5-8, and performing steam distillation for 5 hours; placing the extract at-20 deg.C to separate out crystal and obtain volatile oil, storing the volatile oil in a sealed bottle, and placing in a refrigerator freezing layer to obtain the volatile oil of aerial parts of Dictamnus dasycarpus.
2. The detection method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the aerial part of the dictamnus dasycarpus to the water in the step (3) is 1: 6.
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| CN114208856B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-01-26 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | A Dictamni extract for preventing and treating wheat pathogenic bacteria |
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