CN110132817B - Constant-head multi-directional seepage test method for asphalt mixture - Google Patents
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 12
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法，它涉及一种渗流试验方法。本发明解决现有的沥青混合料渗流试验方法无法针对路面实际情况区分竖向、横向以及耦合向渗流，测得的渗透系数存在局限性的问题。步骤一、制备马歇尔试件；步骤二、将成型后的马歇尔试件室温放置24h，然后采用真空泵对马歇尔试件进行真空保水，保水时间5～20min；步骤三、密封处理：竖向渗流密封，横向渗流密封，耦合渗流密封；步骤四、安装渗流装置：将密封好的马歇尔试件放入渗流装置的下腔体中，将上、下腔体连接件与马歇尔试件对接并保证密封，连接上腔体、连接件和下腔体；步骤五、渗流装置通水：步骤六、计算总水头。本发明用于常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验。
A multi-directional seepage test method for asphalt mixture with constant head, which relates to a seepage test method. The invention solves the problem that the existing asphalt mixture seepage test method cannot distinguish vertical, lateral and coupled seepage according to the actual conditions of the road surface, and the measured permeability coefficient has limitations. Step 1, prepare a Marshall test piece; Step 2, place the formed Marshall test piece at room temperature for 24 hours, and then use a vacuum pump to hold the Marshall test piece in a vacuum for 5 to 20 minutes; Step 3, sealing treatment: vertical seepage sealing, Transverse seepage seal, coupled seepage seal; Step 4, install seepage device: put the sealed Marshall test piece into the lower cavity of the seepage device, connect the upper and lower cavity connecting parts to the Marshall test piece to ensure sealing and connection The upper cavity, the connecting piece and the lower cavity; Step 5, water through the seepage device; Step 6, calculate the total water head. The invention is used for multi-directional seepage test of asphalt mixture with constant head.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种沥青混合料渗流试验方法，具体涉及一种常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法。The invention relates to an asphalt mixture seepage test method, in particular to a multidirectional seepage test method of an asphalt mixture with a constant water head.
背景技术Background technique
沥青路面属于典型的多孔介质材料，在服役过程中难以避免地会受到车辆荷载和温度、湿度的耦合作用而产生各种类型的病害，其中由于水从路表渗入路面结构内部所引起的水损害是导致沥青路面早期破坏的主要原因。水在沥青混合料中的渗流加速了沥青从集料表面剥离，从而降低了沥青与集料的粘附性，最终导致沥青路面出现坑槽、泛油、松散等病害。因此水的渗流特性是表征沥青路面耐久性能的重要指标参数。另一方面，近年来排水沥青路面的应用成为解决路面积水问题、缓解城市热岛效应的重要手段。排水路面以其大孔隙特性、良好的排水能力而受到广泛的关注，而表征其排水能力的指标同样为水的渗流特性。Asphalt pavement is a typical porous medium material, and it is unavoidable that various types of diseases will be caused by the coupling effect of vehicle load, temperature and humidity in the service process. It is the main reason for the early damage of asphalt pavement. The seepage of water in the asphalt mixture accelerates the peeling of the asphalt from the aggregate surface, thereby reducing the adhesion between the asphalt and the aggregate, and eventually leading to pits, oiling, and looseness on the asphalt pavement. Therefore, the seepage characteristics of water is an important index parameter to characterize the durability of asphalt pavement. On the other hand, in recent years, the application of drainage asphalt pavement has become an important means to solve the problem of road surface water and alleviate the urban heat island effect. Drainage pavement has received extensive attention for its large pore characteristics and good drainage capacity, and the index to characterize its drainage capacity is also water seepage characteristics.
沥青混合料的孔隙空间分布与集料特性、胶结料性质以及施工摊铺、碾压状况有关，这也决定了水在混合料中的渗流形式主要有竖向渗流、横向渗流以及耦合渗流三种。竖向渗流主要影响路面结构内部的孔隙水压力，从而引起基层发生结构性破坏。横向渗流则是水完全通过横向连通孔隙流动，在多孔路面排水时横向渗流为主要的排水路径，因此沥青混合料的横向渗流能力决定了其排水效果的好坏。而在一般的等级公路中，耦合渗流是路面受行车荷载时水分实际的渗流形式。The pore space distribution of the asphalt mixture is related to the properties of aggregates, the properties of cementitious materials, and the conditions of construction, paving and rolling. . Vertical seepage mainly affects the pore water pressure inside the pavement structure, thus causing structural damage to the base. Lateral seepage is the flow of water completely through the laterally connected pores. When the porous pavement is drained, the lateral seepage is the main drainage path. Therefore, the lateral seepage ability of the asphalt mixture determines the drainage effect. In general grade highways, coupled seepage is the actual seepage form of water when the road is subjected to traffic loads.
以上三种渗流形式均在不同方面对沥青路面的设计和使用产生巨大影响，现行沥青路面设计中针对沥青混合料的水分渗流特性多采用JTG E20-2011《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》中规定路面渗水仪进行测定，然而此方法只能测试路面整体的渗水能力，无法针对路面实际情况区分竖向、横向以及耦合向渗流，其测得的渗透系数具有较大的局限性，且不具有代表性，不能完全表征实际在受到车辆荷载作用时，水在沥青路面结构内部的渗流行为。此外，应用渗水仪对沥青混合料中水的渗流特性进行测定时，只能将水头梯度设置在较低水平，对于更接近实际行车过程中产生的高水头渗流行为则无法测量。与此同时，一些学者尝试开发的渗流测试方法均存在无法将竖向、横向以及耦合向彻底分离的问题，测得的结果主要以竖向的渗流为主。部分方法能够使水从混合料的竖向和横向同时流出，但未解决单一横向渗流的问题。The above three seepage forms all have a huge impact on the design and use of asphalt pavement in different aspects. In the current asphalt pavement design, JTG E20-2011 "Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture Test Regulations for Highway Engineering" is mostly used for the water seepage characteristics of asphalt mixture. However, this method can only test the water seepage capacity of the whole pavement, and cannot distinguish vertical, lateral and coupled seepage according to the actual situation of the road surface, and the measured permeability coefficient has great limitations and does not It is representative and cannot fully characterize the seepage behavior of water inside the asphalt pavement structure when it is actually subjected to vehicle loads. In addition, when the seepage characteristics of water in the asphalt mixture are measured by using a water seepage meter, the water head gradient can only be set at a low level, and it cannot be measured for the high head seepage behavior that is closer to the actual driving process. At the same time, the seepage test methods that some scholars have tried to develop have the problem of being unable to completely separate the vertical, horizontal and coupling directions, and the measured results are mainly vertical seepage. Some methods can make the water flow from the mixture vertically and horizontally at the same time, but do not solve the problem of single lateral seepage.
综上，现有的沥青混合料渗流试验方法无法针对路面实际情况区分竖向、横向以及耦合向渗流，测得的渗透系数存在局限性。To sum up, the existing asphalt mixture seepage test methods cannot distinguish vertical, lateral and coupled seepage according to the actual conditions of the road surface, and the measured permeability coefficient has limitations.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明为解决现有的沥青混合料渗流试验方法无法针对路面实际情况区分竖向、横向以及耦合向渗流，测得的渗透系数存在局限性的问题，进而提供一种常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法。In order to solve the problem that the existing asphalt mixture seepage test method cannot distinguish vertical, lateral and coupled seepage according to the actual situation of the road surface, and the measured permeability coefficient is limited, the invention further provides an asphalt mixture with a constant head Seepage test method.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采取的技术方案是：The technical scheme that the present invention takes for solving the above-mentioned technical problems is:
本发明的常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法是按着以下步骤实现的：The multi-directional seepage test method of the asphalt mixture of the constant head of the present invention is realized according to the following steps:
步骤一、制备马歇尔试件：Step 1. Prepare Marshall test piece:
按照《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》试验方法制作沥青混合料试件，采用中空马歇尔试件成型装置成型中空马歇尔试件，马歇尔试件的内径范围为7mm～40.8mm，马歇尔试件的外径101mm，马歇尔试件的高度范围为43.5～83.5mm；According to the test method of "Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture Test Regulations for Highway Engineering", the asphalt mixture test piece was made, and the hollow Marshall test piece was formed by the hollow Marshall test piece. The inner diameter of the Marshall test piece was 7mm to 40.8mm. The outer diameter is 101mm, and the height of the Marshall test piece ranges from 43.5mm to 83.5mm;
步骤二、真空保水：Step two, vacuum water retention:
将成型后的马歇尔试件室温放置24h，然后采用真空泵对马歇尔试件进行真空保水，保水时间5～20min；Place the formed Marshall test piece at room temperature for 24 hours, and then use a vacuum pump to vacuum the Marshall test piece for water retention for 5 to 20 minutes;
步骤三、密封处理：Step 3. Sealing treatment:
测量竖向渗流时：将中空防渗胶圈塞入马歇尔试件内孔中，保证胶垫的一端与测试装置密闭连接，在马歇尔试件侧壁上套装竖向防水侧壁，使竖向防水侧壁将马歇尔试件和中空防渗胶圈紧紧箍住，将竖向防渗胶圈组合插入试件中空部分，内径尺寸与防渗胶圈外径尺寸相匹配，完成竖向渗流测试的试件密封；When measuring vertical seepage: insert the hollow anti-seepage rubber ring into the inner hole of the Marshall test piece to ensure that one end of the rubber pad is tightly connected to the test device, and set the vertical waterproof side wall on the side wall of the Marshall test piece to make the vertical waterproof The sidewall tightly hoops the Marshall test piece and the hollow anti-seepage rubber ring, inserts the vertical anti-seepage rubber ring into the hollow part of the test piece, and the inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the anti-seepage rubber ring to complete the vertical seepage test. test piece sealing;
测量横向渗流时：When measuring lateral seepage:
在马歇尔试件的中空部分的上端和下端安装与其内径尺寸相匹配的内孔密封垫，然后将马歇尔试件整体放入横向防渗盖板中，在横向防渗盖板上设置盖板密封垫，完成横向渗流测试的试件密封；Install inner hole gaskets matching the inner diameter of the Marshall test piece at the upper and lower ends of the hollow part, then put the Marshall test piece as a whole into the lateral anti-seepage cover plate, and set the cover plate gasket on the lateral anti-seepage cover plate , to complete the sealing of the specimen for the lateral seepage test;
测量耦合渗流时：When measuring coupled seepage:
将耦合向防渗装置插入试件中空部位，完成耦合向渗流测试的试件密封；Insert the coupling anti-seepage device into the hollow part of the specimen to complete the sealing of the specimen for the coupling to seepage test;
步骤四、安装渗流装置：Step 4. Install the seepage device:
将密封好的马歇尔试件放入渗流装置的下腔体中，将上、下腔体连接件与马歇尔试件对接并保证密封，连接上腔体、连接件和下腔体；Put the sealed Marshall test piece into the lower cavity of the seepage device, connect the upper and lower cavity connecting pieces with the Marshall test piece to ensure sealing, and connect the upper cavity, the connecting piece and the lower cavity;
步骤五、渗流装置通水：Step 5. Water through the seepage device:
给渗流装置通水通水，打开上腔体排气阀门，当水位上升到排期阀门位置，即水流路径内无明显气泡时，关闭排气阀门，持续通水后打开竖向排水阀门；Pass water to the seepage device, open the exhaust valve of the upper chamber, when the water level rises to the position of the discharge valve, that is, when there is no obvious air bubbles in the water flow path, close the exhaust valve, and open the vertical drainage valve after continuous water flow;
步骤六、计算总水头：Step 6. Calculate the total head:
当通过马歇尔试件的渗流流量稳定时，记录水压力计示数uw，记录补给水箱内液面最高点距离竖向流出口中心位置的距离，即位置水头z，计算总水头差：When the seepage flow through the Marshall specimen is stable, record the number u w of the water pressure gauge, record the distance between the highest point of the liquid level in the supply water tank and the center of the vertical outflow outlet, that is, the position head z, and calculate the total head difference:
式中ρw为水的密度kg/m3；g为重力加速度m/s2；uw为水压力；ΔH为总水头差；z为位置水头；where ρ w is the density of water in kg/m 3 ; g is the acceleration of gravity m/s 2 ; u w is the water pressure; ΔH is the total head difference; z is the position head;
采用秒表和量筒记录渗流稳定时的流量和时间，求多次平均值，根据渗透系数与水头梯度的关系，得到竖向渗透系数：Use a stopwatch and a measuring cylinder to record the flow rate and time when the seepage is stable, obtain the average value for multiple times, and obtain the vertical permeability coefficient according to the relationship between the permeability coefficient and the water head gradient:
根据渗透系数与水头梯度的关系，得到横向渗透系数：According to the relationship between the permeability coefficient and the head gradient, the lateral permeability coefficient is obtained:
根据渗透系数与水头梯度的关系，得到耦合向渗透系数：According to the relationship between the permeability coefficient and the head gradient, the coupling direction permeability coefficient is obtained:
渗透系数单位为m/s，Q为渗流流量，单位为m3/s；ΔH为总水头差，h为试件高度，r1为试件内半径，r2为试件外半径，单位为m。The unit of permeability coefficient is m/s, Q is the seepage flow rate, the unit is m 3 /s; ΔH is the total head difference, h is the height of the specimen, r 1 is the inner radius of the specimen, r 2 is the outer radius of the specimen, and the unit is m.
在一个实施方案中，步骤一中马歇尔试件的内径范围为10mm～30mm，马歇尔试件的高度范围为50～80mm。In one embodiment, in step 1, the inner diameter of the Marshall test piece ranges from 10 mm to 30 mm, and the height of the Marshall test piece ranges from 50 to 80 mm.
在一个实施方案中，步骤一中马歇尔试件的内径范围为15mm～25mm，马歇尔试件的高度范围为55～70mm。In one embodiment, in step 1, the inner diameter of the Marshall test piece ranges from 15 mm to 25 mm, and the height of the Marshall test piece ranges from 55 mm to 70 mm.
在一个实施方案中，步骤一中马歇尔试件的内径范围为20mm，马歇尔试件的高度范围为60～65mm。In one embodiment, in step 1, the inner diameter of the Marshall test piece is in the range of 20 mm, and the height of the Marshall test piece is in the range of 60-65 mm.
在一个实施方案中，步骤二中保水时间8～15min。In one embodiment, the water retention time in step 2 is 8-15 min.
在一个实施方案中，步骤二中保水时间10min。In one embodiment, the water retention time in step 2 is 10 min.
在一个实施方案中，步骤三中内孔密封垫和盖板密封垫均为硅胶密封垫。In one embodiment, in step 3, the inner hole sealing gasket and the cover plate sealing gasket are both silicone sealing gaskets.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明的常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法采用中空马歇尔试件，成型方法简单，无需单独设计特殊试件，使测量方法具有普遍适用性；The multi-directional seepage test method of the asphalt mixture with constant head of the present invention adopts the hollow Marshall test piece, the forming method is simple, and no special test piece needs to be designed separately, so that the measurement method has universal applicability;
本发明的常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法采用竖向、横向、耦合向分离的方式，每次测量单一方向渗透系数，使水分横向流动与竖向流动分离；The multi-directional seepage test method of the asphalt mixture with constant head of the present invention adopts the vertical, horizontal and coupling separation methods, and measures the permeability coefficient of a single direction each time, so that the lateral flow of water and the vertical flow are separated;
本发明的常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法采用高水头条件进行测试，使测试结果与实际路面所受荷载情况吻合，能够更真实地反映水在路面中的渗流特性；The multi-directional seepage test method of the asphalt mixture with constant head of the present invention adopts the condition of high water head for testing, so that the test result is consistent with the load condition of the actual road surface, and can more truly reflect the seepage characteristics of water in the road surface;
本发明的常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法测试换件简便，同一试件可依次测量竖向、横向、耦合向渗透系数，不同方向测试过程不影响试件孔隙结构空间分布，测试结果真实准确。The multi-directional seepage test method of the asphalt mixture with constant head of the present invention is convenient for testing and replacing parts, the same test piece can measure the vertical, lateral and coupling permeability coefficients in sequence, and the test process in different directions does not affect the spatial distribution of the pore structure of the test piece, and the test results True and accurate.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法渗流测试整体结构示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seepage test of the multidirectional seepage test method of the asphalt mixture of the constant head of the present invention;
图2是本发明具体实施方式一中的中空防渗胶圈结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow anti-seepage rubber ring in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图3是本发明具体实施方式一中的竖向防水侧壁结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical waterproof sidewall in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图4是本发明具体实施方式一中的横向防渗盖板结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lateral anti-seepage cover plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图5是本发明具体实施方式一中的耦合向防渗装置结构示意图；5 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupled anti-seepage device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图6是本发明具体实施方式一中的采用的竖向渗流测试装置结构示意图；6 is a schematic structural diagram of the vertical seepage test device adopted in the first embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明具体实施方式一中的采用的横向渗流测试装置结构示意图；7 is a schematic structural diagram of the transverse seepage testing device adopted in the specific embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明具体实施方式一中的采用的耦合向渗流测试装置结构示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupled osmotic flow test device adopted in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：如图1～8所示，本实施方式所述的常水头的沥青混合料多向渗流试验方法步骤如下：Embodiment 1: As shown in Figures 1 to 8, the steps of the multi-directional seepage test method for asphalt mixtures with constant water head described in this embodiment are as follows:
步骤一、制备马歇尔试件：Step 1. Prepare Marshall test piece:
按照《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》试验方法制作沥青混合料试件，采用中空马歇尔试件成型装置成型中空马歇尔试件，马歇尔试件的内径范围为7mm～40.8mm，马歇尔试件的外径101mm，马歇尔试件的高度范围为43.5～83.5mm；According to the test method of "Asphalt and Asphalt Mixture Test Regulations for Highway Engineering", the asphalt mixture test piece was made, and the hollow Marshall test piece was formed by the hollow Marshall test piece. The inner diameter of the Marshall test piece was 7mm to 40.8mm. The outer diameter is 101mm, and the height of the Marshall test piece ranges from 43.5mm to 83.5mm;
步骤二、真空保水：Step two, vacuum water retention:
将成型后的马歇尔试件室温放置24h，然后采用真空泵对马歇尔试件进行真空保水，保水时间5～20min；Place the formed Marshall test piece at room temperature for 24 hours, and then use a vacuum pump to vacuum the Marshall test piece for water retention for 5 to 20 minutes;
步骤三、密封处理：Step 3. Sealing treatment:
测量竖向渗流时：将中空防渗胶圈塞入马歇尔试件内孔中，保证胶垫的一端与测试装置密闭连接，在马歇尔试件侧壁上套装竖向防水侧壁，使竖向防水侧壁将马歇尔试件和中空防渗胶圈紧紧箍住，将竖向防渗胶圈组合插入试件中空部分，内径尺寸与防渗胶圈外径尺寸相匹配，完成竖向渗流测试的试件密封；When measuring vertical seepage: insert the hollow anti-seepage rubber ring into the inner hole of the Marshall test piece to ensure that one end of the rubber pad is tightly connected to the test device, and set the vertical waterproof side wall on the side wall of the Marshall test piece to make the vertical waterproof The sidewall tightly hoops the Marshall test piece and the hollow anti-seepage rubber ring, inserts the vertical anti-seepage rubber ring into the hollow part of the test piece, and the inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the anti-seepage rubber ring to complete the vertical seepage test. test piece sealing;
测量横向渗流时：When measuring lateral seepage:
在马歇尔试件的中空部分的上端和下端安装与其内径尺寸相匹配的内孔密封垫，然后将马歇尔试件整体放入横向防渗盖板中，在横向防渗盖板上设置盖板密封垫，完成横向渗流测试的试件密封；Install inner hole gaskets matching the inner diameter of the Marshall test piece at the upper and lower ends of the hollow part, then put the Marshall test piece as a whole into the lateral anti-seepage cover plate, and set the cover plate gasket on the lateral anti-seepage cover plate , to complete the sealing of the specimen for the lateral seepage test;
测量耦合渗流时：When measuring coupled seepage:
将耦合向防渗装置插入试件中空部位，完成耦合向渗流测试的试件密封；Insert the coupling anti-seepage device into the hollow part of the specimen to complete the sealing of the specimen for the coupling to seepage test;
步骤四、安装渗流装置：Step 4. Install the seepage device:
将密封好的马歇尔试件放入渗流装置的下腔体中，将上、下腔体连接件与马歇尔试件对接并保证密封，连接上腔体、连接件和下腔体；Put the sealed Marshall test piece into the lower cavity of the seepage device, connect the upper and lower cavity connecting pieces with the Marshall test piece to ensure sealing, and connect the upper cavity, the connecting piece and the lower cavity;
步骤五、渗流装置通水：Step 5. Water through the seepage device:
给渗流装置通水通水，打开上腔体排气阀门，当水位上升到排期阀门位置，即水流路径内无明显气泡时，关闭排气阀门，持续通水后打开竖向排水阀门；Pass water to the seepage device, open the exhaust valve of the upper chamber, when the water level rises to the position of the discharge valve, that is, when there is no obvious air bubbles in the water flow path, close the exhaust valve, and open the vertical drainage valve after continuous water flow;
步骤六、计算总水头：Step 6. Calculate the total head:
当通过马歇尔试件的渗流流量稳定时，记录水压力计示数uw，记录补给水箱内液面最高点距离竖向流出口中心位置的距离，即位置水头z，计算总水头差：When the seepage flow through the Marshall specimen is stable, record the number u w of the water pressure gauge, record the distance between the highest point of the liquid level in the supply water tank and the center of the vertical outflow outlet, that is, the position head z, and calculate the total head difference:
式中ρw为水的密度kg/m3；g为重力加速度m/s2；uw为水压力；ΔH为总水头差；z为位置水头；where ρ w is the density of water in kg/m 3 ; g is the acceleration of gravity m/s 2 ; u w is the water pressure; ΔH is the total head difference; z is the position head;
采用秒表和量筒记录渗流稳定时的流量和时间，求多次平均值，根据渗透系数与水头梯度的关系，得到竖向渗透系数：Use a stopwatch and a measuring cylinder to record the flow rate and time when the seepage is stable, obtain the average value for multiple times, and obtain the vertical permeability coefficient according to the relationship between the permeability coefficient and the water head gradient:
根据渗透系数与水头梯度的关系，得到横向渗透系数：According to the relationship between the permeability coefficient and the head gradient, the lateral permeability coefficient is obtained:
根据渗透系数与水头梯度的关系，得到耦合向渗透系数：According to the relationship between the permeability coefficient and the head gradient, the coupling direction permeability coefficient is obtained:
渗透系数单位为m/s，Q为渗流流量，单位为m3/s；ΔH为总水头差，h为试件高度，r1为试件内半径，r2为试件外半径，单位为m。The unit of permeability coefficient is m/s, Q is the seepage flow rate, the unit is m 3 /s; ΔH is the total head difference, h is the height of the specimen, r 1 is the inner radius of the specimen, r 2 is the outer radius of the specimen, and the unit is m.
具体实施方式二：本实施方式步骤一中马歇尔试件的内径范围为10mm～30mm，马歇尔试件的高度范围为50～80mm。如此设计，马歇尔试件的内径范围和高度范围均在沥青及沥青混合料试验规程范围内，符合《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》。其它组成及操作步骤与具体实施方式一相同。Embodiment 2: In step 1 of this embodiment, the inner diameter of the Marshall test piece ranges from 10 mm to 30 mm, and the height of the Marshall test piece ranges from 50 to 80 mm. In this way, the inner diameter range and height range of the Marshall test piece are both within the scope of the test regulations for asphalt and asphalt mixtures, and comply with the "Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures Test Regulations for Highway Engineering". Other components and operation steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
具体实施方式三：本实施方式步骤一中马歇尔试件的内径范围为15mm～25mm，马歇尔试件的高度范围为55～70mm。如此设计，马歇尔试件的内径范围和高度范围均在沥青及沥青混合料试验规程范围内，符合《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》。其它组成及操作步骤与具体实施方式二相同。Embodiment 3: In step 1 of this embodiment, the inner diameter of the Marshall test piece ranges from 15 mm to 25 mm, and the height of the Marshall test piece ranges from 55 to 70 mm. In this way, the inner diameter range and height range of the Marshall test piece are both within the scope of the test regulations for asphalt and asphalt mixtures, and comply with the "Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures Test Regulations for Highway Engineering". Other compositions and operation steps are the same as in the second embodiment.
具体实施方式四：本实施方式步骤一中马歇尔试件的内径范围为20mm，马歇尔试件的高度范围为60～65mm。如此设计，马歇尔试件的内径范围和高度范围均在沥青及沥青混合料试验规程范围内，符合《公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程》。其它组成及操作步骤与具体实施方式三相同。Embodiment 4: In step 1 of this embodiment, the inner diameter of the Marshall test piece is 20 mm, and the height of the Marshall test piece is 60-65 mm. In this way, the inner diameter range and height range of the Marshall test piece are both within the scope of the test regulations for asphalt and asphalt mixtures, and comply with the "Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures Test Regulations for Highway Engineering". Other compositions and operation steps are the same as those in the third embodiment.
具体实施方式五：本实施方式步骤二中保水时间8～15min。如此操作，可以对标准混凝土试样放入该饱水设备中进行全自动真空保水，使得马歇尔试件真空保水符合规范要求。其它组成及操作步骤与具体实施方式一、二、三或四相同。Embodiment 5: In step 2 of this embodiment, the water retention time is 8 to 15 minutes. In this way, the standard concrete sample can be put into the water-saturated equipment for automatic vacuum water retention, so that the vacuum water retention of the Marshall specimen meets the specification requirements. Other compositions and operation steps are the same as those in the first, second, third or fourth embodiment.
具体实施方式六：本实施方式步骤二中保水时间10min。如此操作，可以对标准混凝土试样放入该饱水设备中进行全自动真空保水，使得马歇尔试件真空保水符合规范要求。其它组成及操作步骤与具体实施方式五相同。Embodiment 6: The water retention time in step 2 of this embodiment is 10 minutes. In this way, the standard concrete sample can be put into the water-saturated equipment for automatic vacuum water retention, so that the vacuum water retention of the Marshall specimen meets the specification requirements. Other components and operation steps are the same as those in the fifth embodiment.
具体实施方式七：本实施方式步骤三中内孔密封垫和盖板密封垫均为硅胶密封垫。如此操作，采用硅胶密封效果好，使用寿命长。其它组成及操作步骤与具体实施方式六相同。Embodiment 7: In step 3 of this embodiment, the inner hole gasket and the cover plate gasket are both silicone gaskets. In this way, the sealing effect of silicone is good and the service life is long. Other compositions and operation steps are the same as those in the sixth embodiment.
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和等同替换，这些对本发明权利要求进行改进和等同替换后的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and equivalent replacements can be made. The technical solutions after improvements and equivalent replacements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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