CN110129792A - Full liquid stirring and Semi-solid Stirring cladding process prepare multiple tube/coating method and device - Google Patents
Full liquid stirring and Semi-solid Stirring cladding process prepare multiple tube/coating method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110129792A CN110129792A CN201910465558.XA CN201910465558A CN110129792A CN 110129792 A CN110129792 A CN 110129792A CN 201910465558 A CN201910465558 A CN 201910465558A CN 110129792 A CN110129792 A CN 110129792A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of full liquid stirrings and Semi-solid Stirring cladding process to prepare multiple tube/coating method and device.In the full liquid or semisolid molten bath formed by cladding material, it is pressed into using high-speed rotating chemical tool and stirs liquid phase, on the one hand stirring liquid phase is allowed to be uniformly mixed and backflow along tube wall, on the other hand pass through rotation tool belt hydrodynamic phase high speed rotation, thus form the stirring to liquid phase, high speed relative motion is formed at liquid/solid interface, be conducive to mechanical striping and inhibits IMC growth.The present invention can be used for preparing multiple tube, it can also be used to the modification of small size socket inner friction surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparations of metal composite pipe/coating, and in particular to a kind of full liquid or semisolid (contain solid particle
Liquid phase) extruding-stirring coating prepare multiple tube/coating method (abbreviation liquid phase stir cladding process, i.e. liquid phase
Stir coating:LPS coating or stirring pricker coating) and device.
Background technique
Steel surface clad aluminum can improve the high temperature oxidation resisting corrosive power of steel, and the anti-corrosion layer thickness of multiple tube
Specific heat leaching method anti-corrosion thickness obtained, durability are strong (document 1).Meanwhile also there is high temperature resistant, resistance to than coating class anticorrosion layer
The advantages of erosive wear.
Currently, the main preparation methods of multiple tube have direct explosion composite method, hot extrusion method, centre spinning, welding
(explosion is welded plate+rolling+spiral forming+welded tube), mechanical engagement method etc. (document 2).In mechanical engagement method, cold forming tube expansion method
Stainless steel can be made to be tightly attached on carbon steel inner wall (document 2) using the methods of drawing, spinning and rolling.Cold forming tube expansion method and heat
Multiple tube interface is mechanical bond obtained by extrusion, in medium higher by temperature, is because multiple tube ectonexine thermally expands
Several difference is easy to be bubbled, loosen or vibrate.Explosion composite method is covered in main utilization under heat-power synergy of explosive
The deformation of layer and high speed impact obtain metallurgical bonding, but there are more problems in terms of " environmental impact assessment " and " safety management ", furthermore easily
Because many external causes such as weather cause quality fluctuation.
In centre spinning, inner tube and outer tube are all made of pouring type forming, can get metallurgical bonding.Centre spinning tool
Body is first successively to pour into double layer of metal liquid in the type tube (pipe die) of rotation, forms hollow bimetallic pipe billet under the action of the centrifugal force
Or semi-finished product, then finished product multiple tube is made by extrusion process in composite billet (interface is metallurgical melting), difficult point be " it is meltable with
Layering ", wherein second pouring is not easy to control, and outer layer is (document 3) easy to crack.The measure of use has: placing between interlayer has reduction
Property hot solvent, oxidation film is melted, restores and eliminated by strong exothermic reaction, finally make two interlayers realize atom knot
It closes.Meanwhile to control outer layer internal surface temperature and internal layer pouring temperature；Especially the second pouring time wants strict control.
In centre spinning, metallurgical bonding is easily achieved large-diameter pipe between the face of inside/outside area within a jurisdiction, for small-bore pipe compared with
For difficulty.For large-diameter pipe, since the heat input in casting mold is big, the metal being poured twice metallurgical melting easy to accomplish is existing
Field operation is also easier (document 4).For example, forMultiple tube, as long as controlling twice
Pouring temperature, so that it may realize the most metallurgical bonding of homogeneous tube.But for it is small-bore (such as )
Multiple tube will realize that the interlayer metallurgical bonding of homogeneous tube is extremely difficult since tube wall is thin, heat input is small.In second pouring
Before, Al-Si powder is sent on the inside pipe wall that has solidified with pressure wind in the cold end of type tube and carries out second pouring again, such one
Aspect makes the oxides such as the iron oxide formed on the 1st layer of inner wall be reduced into lighter aluminium oxide.On the other hand, Al-Si powder is utilized
The heat and other waste heats that body generates when aoxidizing, by the slag inclusion secondary fusion of inner surface, and make full use of the effect of centrifugal force
By these lighter impurity emersions in innermost surface, interlayer is made to realize metallurgical bonding as far as possible.
Too low revolving speed will appear molten metal and drench with rain phenomenon when centrifugal casting, can also make occur shrinkage porosite, slag inclusion, pipe in pipe
The defects of base inner surface is uneven；The defects of revolving speed is too high, and pipe is easy to appear crackle, segregation (document 5), and bimetallic serves as a contrast
Layer is in uneven thickness be also due to revolving speed it is excessively high caused by, therefore pipe defect in uneven thickness and pipe basal layer crackle are lacked
Sunken prevents from being concentrated mainly on control revolving speed.
In addition to other than corrosion resistance to improve metal of multiple tube, coating, surfaction be also improve substrate it is anti-corrosion or
The another kind of universal method of abrasive resistance.Material surface method for modifying has plating, thermal spraying, plasma spraying, physical vapor heavy
A variety of methods such as product, chemical vapor deposition.Electro-plating method surface bonding strength is low, has certain pollution.And thermal spraying and deposition side
Method is unsuitable for the preparation of narrow tube inner wall protective layer.
Since two thousand, (FSW:friction is welded as the agitating friction of invention in Britain's institute of welding 1991
Stir welding) technical application extension, the surface that Chinese and overseas scholars has carried out utilization " friction " remanufactures reparation, surfaction
(friction surfacing) research, such as friction surfacing technology (document 6,7), inner wall friction coatings technology (document 8).
2011, the field Japanese Xiao just proposed the Research Thinking (document 8) that surfaction is carried out using friction phenomenon.Its needle
Surfaction is realized to " finishing coat (using the friction phenomenon in inboard wall of cylinder block prepares coating) in rubbing " that engine cylinder body proposes
Technique the following steps are included: " modification material " is preset in cylinder body (substrate) interior bottom by (1), meanwhile, make non-expendable tool
(rod) it rotates；(2) it keeps non-expendable tool to be pressed into " modification material " while rotating, makes to modify material in the effect of frictional heat
Lower softening, as Plastic Flow occurs for the modification material that the indentation of tool is softened, while backflowing along tool and cylinder gap
Also it is pressed towards inner surface of cylinder block；(3) extraction keeps the non-expendable tool of rotation state, then is obtained in the inner wall of cylinder body by friction
The inner coating being made of modification material.The technique (agitating friction returns squeezing) is one kind under all solid state, is prepared using Plastic Flow
The method of internal coated layer.Its major advantage has: (1) modification material can be made to form thick film in a short time；(2) gained thick film is forging group
It knits, the defects of shrinkage porosite in no cast sturcture, tissue odds one, coarse grains；(3) it can not construct suitable for thermal spraying etc. small straight
The modification of diameter inner surface of cylinder block；(4) it is suitable for the higher melting-point material of internal layer, such as in engine aluminum inboard wall of cylinder block friction coating one
Layer steel.
But the shortcomings that technique, has: (1) cannot be directly radial vertical with inner surface of cylinder block application to the layer that backflows along cylinder body
Pressure (extruding force of directly application horizontal direction is difficult) in interface, especially when Plastic Flow metal has bypassed tool bottom
The vertical upflow stage at portion's turn (chamfering).This will affect goes in modification material/all solid state welding process of substrate interface
Film and densification.(2) applicant also found in the beforehand research of this technique, and small diameter tube will limit the straight of substrate inside stirring tool
The linear velocity of diameter, stirring tool is small, and rub heat production and softening deficiency, causes to modify material Plastic Flow difficulty under solid-state, causes to return
Squeeze difficulty.(3) there are more strict requirements (preferentially identical with pipe internal diameter with diameter the size and shape of original modification material
Column), for example, there is " powder spreading " phenomenon when using powdered form modifying material, cause metal powder to be lost dirty with dust
Dye.
Since 2012, external some researchers, which propose, returns crowded (friction stir using agitating friction
Back extrusion) method prepares the technical solution of seamless pipe, including AZ31B magnesium-alloy tube (document 9,10), pure Cu pipe (text
Offer 11), aluminum pipe (document 12) etc..
Based on the method for modifying of agitating friction, there are also the agitating friction solderings that seminar where applicant proposed in 2009
(FSB:friction stir brazing) prepares the patented technology of ply-metal, takes at the compound aspect of plate at present
Obtained success.By EI net search result it is found that the first piece English papers for introducing FSB write of applicant in November, 2011~
It has been cited between in May, 2019 48 times, has only been quoted 9 times by the external author such as beauty, Europe, day within 2018.Recent applicant carries out
Research in terms of agitating friction soldering is used to prepare multiple tube.But experiment shows that FSB technology is directly used in and prepares multiple tube skill
Art is difficult, is mainly manifested in: inner tube radial deformation drag is big, influences interface striping and interface densifies；Tool design is wanted
Seek complexity etc..
Bibliography
[1]H.D.Manesh,A.K.Taheri.Bond strength and formability of an
aluminum-clad steel sheet,J.Alloy.Compd.,2003,361:138-143.
[2] composite bimetal pipe manufacturing technology welded tube, 2001,24 (2): 43-46. in Ling Xingzhong
[3] Guo Minghai, Pang Yusi, Liu Junyou metallurgical melting centrifugal blank squeeze composite bimetal pipe production technology casting,
2013,62(2):118-123.
[4] a kind of development [J] heat processing technique of centrifugal casting multiple tube of Huang Jianyu, Yang Guilu, Liu Zhiyuan, et al.,
2009,38(7):30-34.
[5] Wang Donglin, Wu Jinhui, Cai Bin, wait the compound defective tube of centrifugal casting bi-metal double and control [J] Special Processes of Metal Castings and
Non-ferrous alloy, 2018,38 (3):
[6] Zhang Yanhua, Han Hua, Liu Xuemei friction surfacing technology and application electric welding machine, 2005,35 (11): 12-14.
[7] Chen Jiaqing, Jiao Xiangdong, Zhou Canfeng, Qiu Zongyi, Luan Guohong new material forming technique --- friction is folded
It welds and welds journal, 2007,28 (9): 108-112.
[the rigid friction in 8 fields] Xiao is welded using To I Ru bonding method と surfaction light metal, 2011,49 (1): 7-
12.Takeshi Shinoda.Joining and Surfacing Processes by Application of Friction
Phenomenon.
[9]Abu F.A preliminary study on the feasibility of friction stir back
extrusion[J].Scripta Materialia,2012,66(9):615-618.
[10]Baffari D,Buffa G,Fratini L.Influence of Process Parameters on
the Product Integrity in Friction Stir Extrusion of Magnesium Alloys[J].Key
Engineering Materials,2016,716:39-48.
[11]Dinaharan I,Sathiskumar R,Vijay S J,et al.Microstructural
Characterization of Pure Copper Tubes Produced by a Novel Method Friction
Stir Back Extrusion[J].Procedia Materials Science,2014,5:1502-1508.
[12]Mathew N,Dinaharan I,Vijay S J,et al.Microstructure and
Mechanical Characterization of Aluminum Seamless Tubes Produced by Friction
Stir Back Extrusion[J].Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals,2016,69
(10):1-8.
Summary of the invention
Present invention seek to address that " agitating friction " thinking is used to prepare the technical problem in multiple tube or prepares coating, provide
A kind of full liquid stirring and Semi-solid Stirring cladding process prepare multiple tube/coating method and device, can give full play to that " stirring rubs
Heat-power synergy advantage of the wiping " in terms of interface, achievees the purpose that " agitating friction method prepares multiple tube or coating ".
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of metal composite pipe/coating is prepared by liquid phase stirring, comprising the following steps:
It is complete by being formed in the stirring tool indentation tubing (for example, pipe diameter is 12~30mm) of rotation by cladding material
In liquid or semisolid molten bath, make to be formed in the liquid phase coating of pipe material inner wall in liquid/solid circle by stirring tool extruding reflux
Face is moved with respect to tubing, is realized and is carried out machinery by agitating friction pair and the oxidation film at the internal surface of pipe of liquid phase coating contacts
It abolishes, and inhibits the growth of intermetallic compound in the wetting at liquid/solid interface and diffusion reaction, pass through stirring alternatively, realizing
It rubs and inhibits the growth of intermetallic compound in the wetting at liquid/solid interface and diffusion reaction；It will stirring after agitating friction
Tool detaches tubing and solidifies the liquid phase coating by cooling, forms the coating of covering pipe material inner wall or is formed and is covered along axial direction
The coating (for example, coating layer thickness be 1~5mm) of lid pipe material inner wall certain length range is to get arriving multiple tube or Compound pipe.
Preferably, during the agitating friction, tubing is rotated along the direction opposite with stirring tool；Stirring tool exists
It detaches tubing during liquid phase coating cooled and solidified and keeps rotating.
Preferably, the full liquid or semisolid molten bath are formed by the heating fusing cladding material in tubing,
Alternatively, the full liquid or semisolid molten bath are formed by the way that the cladding material of fusing to be poured into tubing.
Preferably, the process of the agitating friction point multiple periods complete, and each stir stops stirring tool between the period
Rotation.
Preferably, the method also includes following steps: being formed in stirring tool indentation tubing by cladding material complete
Before liquid or semisolid molten bath, the preparatory agitating friction of molten bath above section is located to abolish table in tubing to pipe material inner wall
The oxidation film in face.
Preferably, the method also includes following steps: carrying out friction tube expansion processing to the multiple tube.
Preferably, the multiple tube is extended by preparing coating along pipe material inner wall in such a way that segmentation stepping is compound
Multiple Compound pipes and formed.
Preferably, the tubing is selected from steel pipe, and cladding material is selected from aluminium alloy.
Preferably, the condition of the agitating friction are as follows: stirring tool is with the revolving speed of 300~600rpm in 660 DEG C or more temperature
Degree insulated and stirred 5 minutes or more, referring to making, unstability did not occurred the holding temperature upper limit for tubing and fusing is selected.
It is a kind of that metal composite pipe/coating device is prepared by liquid phase stirring, if including motor, rotation is driven by motor
It does a stirring tool and is provided with annular groove on adjustable pedestal, the pedestal with stirring tool and is located in the annular groove
With the position of each stirring tool opposite several tubing mounting holes respectively, with the tune of distance between pedestal and stirring tool
It is whole, stirring tool can be pressed into while rotating at corresponding tubing mounting hole be arranged include liquid phase cladding material (for example, above-mentioned
The full liquid formed by cladding material or semisolid molten bath) tubing in.
Preferably, described device further includes transmission component, and transmission component includes being respectively connected with stirring tool and motor
Shaft coupling or transmission component include multi-shaft device and several shaft couplings for being connected with the output end of multi-shaft device, each shaft coupling
It is connected with corresponding stirring tool, the input terminal of multi-shaft device is connected to the motor.
Preferably, it is provided in the tubing mounting hole for driving the tubing to revolve along the direction opposite with stirring tool
The turntable turned.
Preferably, the metallic sheath or ceramic jacket for being not easy to be soaked by the liquid phase cladding material, gold are provided on the annular groove
There are the gaps for injecting liquid phase cladding material between category set or ceramic jacket and the outer pipe wall.
Preferably, the stirring tool is selected from the metal bar or ceramic rod for being not easy to be soaked by the liquid phase cladding material.
Preferably, the internal tubing protective cover for being continually fed into inert gas, tubing protective cover are provided on the annular groove
Inside it is provided with the induction coil for heating the cladding material in tubing and tubing.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
Crowded (friction stir back extrusion), which is returned, for solid phase agitating friction is used to prepare coating or compound
Pipe there are the problem of, such as: (1) heating temperature low (tool linear velocity low), material softening insufficient, leads to returning for cladding material
It is difficult to squeeze deformation Plastic Flow under " all solid state ", needs Beater operator that there is high revolving speed and lower pressure；(2) to the portion of having backflowed
Weld interface can not be directly perpendicular to by, which dividing, applies active force, and then influences striping and the densification soldering at interface；The present invention proposes
The technical side of " Partial Liquid Phase " (i.e. cladding material is in semisolid) or " cladding material is all in liquid phase " is imported in cladding material
Case.
The thinking of the program is first is that be substantially reduced flowing drag when cladding material backflows；Second is that utilizing stirring tool simultaneously
Liquid phase coating is stirred, liquid phase high speed rotation is driven, forms very big speed of related movement in interface with fixed solid-state tubing,
Fierce centrifugation is formed to solid-state tube surfaces and washes away the mechanisms such as (speed more high centrifugal force is bigger), friction, shearing, is enhanced
Mechanical Crushing, dispersion effect to solid-state main pipe surface film oxide can promote wetting and the diffusion reaction at the interface liquid/solid (L/S),
Purifying, the densification, alloying for ensuring to realize liquid/solid interface, reach metallurgical bonding, solve to modify material and main pipe due to liquid phase
Material interface oxidation film is difficult to abolish, it is caused in cover modification material and main pipe material interface cannot achieve metallurgical bonding, or even cover inside
The problem of layer inside forms interface.In addition, the high speed rotation of liquid phase with wash away also can avoid intermetallic compound growth it is blocked up.
The present invention is in the full liquid or semisolid molten bath formed by cladding material, simultaneously using the indentation of high-speed rotating tool
Liquid phase is stirred, liquid phase is on the one hand stirred and is allowed to be uniformly mixed and backflow along tube wall, on the other hand pass through rotation tool belt hydrodynamic phase
High speed rotation thus forms " stirring to liquid phase ", its significance lies in that forming high speed relative motion at the liquid/solid interface (L/S)
(forming interface friction, shear action) is conducive to mechanical " striping and inhibition IMC growth ".It can be used for preparing multiple tube, it is also possible to
It is modified in the friction of small size socket inner wall.
The advantages of " liquid phase stirring cladding process " proposed by the present invention is compared with " agitating friction returns crowded " technique:
(1) cladding material flowing drag is small, this is mainly due to the use of liquid phase or semisolid cladding material.
(2) liquid/solid interface striping and compactness are good, this is mainly due to the high speed relative motion of both liquid phase and solid phase
To the souring that interface is formed, interfacial mechanical striping effect is improved, wetability is improved therewith.
(3) to cladding material shape, size without strict demand, as long as main pipe inner cavity can be placed in advance.
The advantages of " liquid phase stirring cladding process " proposed by the present invention is compared with " centrifugal casting " composite algorithm:
(1) boundary moisture is excellent: centrifugal casting is prepared in multiple tube technique, and liquid phase is under the drive of outer layer pipe with pipe
Son is rotate together at high speed, and obtains biggish centrifugal force with this, is conducive to liquid phase and is flowed towards tube wall, but the disadvantage is that liquid phase
With " speed of related movement is smaller " of tube wall, or even without relative motion (such as liquid phase be attached to first be poured outer tube it is interior
Wall).
And the high speed rotation liquid phase that not only remains of the invention has biggish centrifugal force, is conducive to liquid phase and tube wall
Closely sealed (the advantages of remaining centrifugal casting) ensure that in liquid phase and pipe simultaneously because pipe does not rotate (or reverse rotation)
There is biggish speed of related movement between wall, speed of related movement between the two is the linear velocity of outer layer liquid phase rotation.Compared with
Forced fluid such as is consolidated the friction at the interface (L/S), shears, washes away at the mechanisms by big speed of related movement, and rotation liquid is opposing stationary
The tangential friction force F of solid-state outer pipe surfacef=fm ω2(in formula: f is liquid/solid interfacial friction factor to r；M is the liquid phase for studying position
Quality；ω is angular speed；R is the radius of stationary outer tube inner cavity, Figure 16), rotation speed is higher, outer tube diameter is bigger, then liquid is solid
Interface tangential friction force is bigger, is more conducive to the mechanical striping for strengthening interface, and strengthen to newly-generated intermetallic compound
Continue dynamic to wash away, is conducive to the growth for inhibiting intermetallic compound (IMC).
When main pipe is in reverse to stirring rod rotation, the speed of related movement of the interface liquid/solid (L/S) is bigger, above-mentioned machinery
Effect (centrifugation impact and shearing) more tends to become strong strong with machinery rupture of membranes effect, can further improve interfacial weld quality.
(2) present invention has the advantage that the present invention due to liquid/solid interface relative velocity in terms of small-bore multiple tube preparation
Greatly, mechanical striping effect is better than centrifugal casting (and the composite pipe blank that centrifugal casting is small for bore, wall thickness is relatively thin, due to heat dissipation
Fastly, heat input is small, therefore to realize the interlayer metallurgical bonding of homogeneous tube, extremely difficult.Centrifugal casting is for small-diameter, thin-walled
Bimetallic pipe billet, since required two liquid casting interval time is shorter, processing range is relatively narrow, is otherwise easy to appear layering).
(3) main pipe material is ready-made tubing, is also synchronized to heat, and is conducive to activate solid-state main pipe surface atom and interface alloy
Change.
(4) without casting process.
(5) to tubular shape without limitation: square tube and round tube all may be used.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the basic skills process demonstration that liquid phase stirs that cladding process (pricker painting formula) prepares multiple tube: (a) stirring rod is pressed into
Bottom melt insulated and stirred；(b) it is extracted out in first segment pricker coat after stopping heating；(c) heating coil moves up, stirring rod pressure
Enter upper layer melt insulated and stirred；(d) it is extracted out in second segment pricker coat after stopping heating, the pricker for completing whole section of multiple tube coats
It is standby；A+b: first segment multiple tube preparation；C+d: second segment multiple tube preparation.
Fig. 2 is that liquid phase stirs cladding process (pricker painting formula) process schematic: (a) stirring rod when stirring rod and outer tube reversely rotate
It is pressed into bottom melt insulated and stirred；(b) it is extracted out in first segment pricker coat after stopping heating；(c) heating coil moves up, stirring
Stick is pressed into upper layer melt insulated and stirred；(d) it is extracted out in second segment pricker coat after stopping heating, completes the pricker of whole section of multiple tube
Apply preparation；A+b: first segment multiple tube preparation；C+d: second segment multiple tube preparation.
Fig. 3 is plus the liquid phase of argon gas protection stirs cladding process (pricker painting formula) schematic diagram: (a) heating coil moves up, stirring rod
It is pressed into upper layer melt insulated and stirred；(b) it is extracted out in second segment pricker coat after stopping heating, the pricker for completing whole section of multiple tube applies
Preparation.
Fig. 4 is that horizontal liquid phase stirs cladding process schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the inside and outside coating simultaneously of outer tube prepares multiple tube: outer tube stirs cladding process using liquid phase and (applies
The formula of applying).
Fig. 6 is semi-solid melt liquid phase stirring cladding process (pricker painting formula) schematic diagram: the square in cladding material is solid
Grain.
Fig. 7 is that multiaxial type liquid phase stirring cladding process prepares multiple tube demonstration.
Fig. 8 is the ladle aluminium composite pipe appearance forming photo that liquid phase stirs cladding process (pricker painting formula) preparation: (a) coating thickness
2mm；(b) coating thickness 3mm.
Fig. 9 is that the ladle aluminium composite pipe of liquid phase stirring cladding process (pricker painting formula) preparation (700 DEG C × 5min × 400rpm) is vertical
Cut open interface photomacrograph: coating thickness 2mm.
Figure 10 is that the ladle aluminium composite pipe of liquid phase stirring cladding process (pricker painting formula) preparation (700 DEG C × 5min × 400rpm) is vertical
Cut open microcosmic (200 ×) photo in interface (Blocked portion in Fig. 9): visible aluminium/steel interface is fine and close, wetting is excellent, without between obvious metal
Compound.
Figure 11 is the cross-sectional interface photo of ladle aluminium composite pipe that liquid phase stirs cladding process (pricker painting formula) preparation: (a) macrograph；
It (b) is the part (a) low power (50 ×) enlarged drawing, it is seen that aluminium/steel interface is closely sealed.
Figure 12 is the ladle aluminium composite pipe cross that liquid phase stirs that cladding process (pricker painting formula) prepares (700 DEG C × 5min × 400rpm)
It cuts open interface microstructure: being (a) 500 × enlarged drawing of boxed area in Figure 11 (b)；It (b) is boxed area 2000 × amplification in (a)
Figure, it is seen that aluminium/steel interface has the intermetallic compounds layer of about 2 μ m-thicks.
Figure 13 is the ladle aluminium composite pipe shearing photomacrograph that liquid phase stirs cladding process (pricker painting formula) preparation: (a) outside aluminium layer
Side, it is seen that be sheared the aluminum side interface of load extrusion in undulated, non-smooth interface；(b) cross-section morphology on the inside of steel pipe, it is seen that
Aluminium has been adhered to steel inner surface.
Figure 14 is that the ladle aluminium composite pipe of liquid phase stirring cladding process (pricker painting formula) preparation (700 DEG C × 5min × 400rpm) is anti-
Cut the load-displacement curves of test: shear stress about 5.2kN, shear strength 34.5MPa.
Figure 15 is friction tube expansion tool pictorial diagram: friction tube expansion tool edge diameterRub cylinder diameter
Figure 16 is the comparison and analysis of stresses of outer pipe internal surface infinitesimal: (a) stirring pricker and applies outer pipe internal surface infinitesimal stress, stirring
Pricker rotates the tangential friction force F of the opposing stationary solid-state outer tube wall of liquid during applyingfIt plays and strengthens interfacial mechanical striping and inhibit
The effect of the growth of intermetallic compound (IMC)；(b) the outer pipe internal surface infinitesimal stress of centrifugal casting；FNIndicate rotation liquid phase pair
The normal pressure of outer tube.
In the figures above: 1- ceramics stirring rod, 2- outer tube, 3- heating coil, 4- pedestal, 5- protective cover, 6- coating, 7- pottery
Insulator, 8- shaft coupling, 9- multi-shaft device.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
(1) full liquid stirring or Semi-solid Stirring cladding process prepare multiple tube/coating method basic technology (referring to
Fig. 1 and Fig. 6)
(1) inner wall cladding material investment main pipe material (i.e. the outer layer of multiple tube, outer tube) is internal, optionally it is passed through protection gas
Body, with the approach such as induction heating or radiant heating (such as heating coil 3) heated internal wall cladding material and outer tube 2 simultaneously, until interior
Wall cladding material be heated to full liquid (such as pure metal or eutectic alloy) or semisolid (such as hypoeutectic alloy or other solidus with
The biggish alloy of liquidus curve gap, can also additionally add refractory metal particulate and ceramic particle) melt (liquid is formed in outer tube
Phase molten bath), it can reduce flowing drag, it is readily flowed.
(2) starting motor drives 1 high speed rotation of ceramic stirring rod, is pressed into inside the surface layer of molten bath while rotating, and suspends
Indentation, in situ stir for a period of time, abolishes the oxidation film between liquid phase, make liquid phase be quickly uniformly mixed (general stirring 10s with
On, even in liquid phase can be made).
(3) continue to be pressed into ceramic stirring rod to outer tube depth extruding liquid phase, be allowed to along the gap of tube wall and ceramic stirring rod 1
It backflows upwards, while keeping high-speed stirred liquid phase, induction heating is continued by heating coil.Pass through (the ceramics stirring of rotation tool
Stick) liquid phase high speed rotation is driven, " stirring to liquid phase " is thus formed, in the interface liquid/solid (L/S) (i.e. outer pipe internal surface) shape
Solid-state base material surface is formed and is rushed using centrifugation impact and the tangential rotation of liquid phase at the alternate high speed relative motion of liquid/solid two
It the mechanisms such as hits, rub, shearing, being conducive to the oxidation film of the outer pipe internal surface of mechanical breaking, and being washed away using the high speed of liquid phase
Inhibit the static growth of intermetallic compound.
(4) after stopping heating, reaching inner wall cladding material fusing point or less to bath temperature (can pass through heat by trial test
Galvanic couple detects bath temperature, determines the state changes such as corresponding outer tube temperature or color), Beater operator is extracted out while rotating
Tool, to guarantee that coating inner wall forming is smooth, and smoothly extracts stirring tool out.
(5) preparation of long size multiple tube can be using, segmentation stepping compound mode upward by outer pipe bottom.According to
It is high lower than the coating top interface with height by one section after the preparation of outer pipe bottom first segment coating is completed in above step (1)~(4)
In the ceramic filler stick insertion coating of degree, the hollow space of coating encirclement is crammed, then using at the top of coating as liquid phase molten bath bottom
Portion prepares the second segment coating of outer tube according to above step (1)~(4), and so on, until completing entire long size multiple tube
Each section of coating preparation.Then the bottom cecum of first segment coating is cut out together together with outer tube corresponding part, is then ejected
Ceramic filler stick in outer tube, and the coating inner wall of formation is machined out.When preparing upper layer coating, stirring tool needs to press
Enter to lower layer's coating top interface, it is therefore an objective to eliminate interface；It is instead squeezed liquid phase and is close to outer tube wall, Beater operator by centrifugal force
Tool is not contacted with filler rod.
(it is not suitable for the heating coils heat by being arranged outside outer tube when inner wall cladding material fusing point is higher than outer layer tubing
Inner wall cladding material in outer tube), on the one hand outer tube is taken necessary cooling provision (such as water cooling or copper are cold), it is on the other hand right
Inner wall cladding material melts inner wall cladding material using " melting cast-type outside " filling that is, in other crucibles or container, then will
The inner wall cladding material being in a liquid state is poured into outer tube and directly forms molten bath.The other processes such as liquid phase stirring are referring to above step
(2)~(5).
(2) full liquid stirring or Semi-solid Stirring cladding process prepare the design of multiple tube/coating agitating device
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, agitating device includes following sections: motor, electric machine speed regulation component, transmission group
The lifting unit of part (for the connection of electric machine main shaft and stirring tool, such as shaft coupling 8), motor stationary fixture and stirring tool
Divide and (contains pedestal 4).Stirring rod material is in addition to being selected as ceramic (for example, corundum)；It can also be not easy using other by liquid depending on operating condition
Mutually the refractory metal stick of wetting or pipe (i.e. solid or hollow stick), to overcome the brittleness and resistance to heat shocks difference disadvantage of ceramic rod.By
It is smaller in liquid phase flow resistance, the monophase machine of low-power can be selected；Operating condition low to holding temperature, liquid phase flow resistance is big,
Three-phase motor can be selected.In transmission component, (from keyed on motor shaft, keyway exists using key connecting for one end of shaft coupling 8 and motor
On shaft coupling)；Ceramic stirring rod 1 is inserted into the holding holes of 8 other end of shaft coupling, and screw threads for fastening ceramics stirring rod 1 is passed through.To mention
High efficiency can be cooperated motor by multi-shaft device 9, with multiple shaft couplings 8 to drive multiple ceramics to stir simultaneously with a motor
Stick 1 is mixed, multiple multiple tubes can be prepared simultaneously.Lifting part has the pedestal 4 driven by controllable lift platform, 4 lower end surface of pedestal
It is mounted on lifting platform and (protrudes into, stops and deviate from outer tube for completing stirring rod), pedestal upper surface, which is machined with annular groove, (can be used for
Protective cover 5 is installed, is stirred for liquid phase and protective atmosphere is provided) and in the annular groove at least one outer tube mounting hole (with it is right
Answer shaft coupling coaxial).Outer tube mounting hole can install turntable, drive outer tube rotation as needed.
(3) the optimization application of technique
1. quiet tubular type and dynamic tubular type
Referring to Fig. 1, quiet tubular type refers to that original tube (outer tube) is stationary.Referring to fig. 2, dynamic tubular type refers to original tube
The direction of rotation of stirring rod is on the contrary, further to strengthen the interface L/S liquid phase pair in the direction of rotation of (outer tube) and liquid phase stirring
The mechanical striping effect (passing through the mechanisms such as friction, shearing, centrifugation impact) of solid phase surface.
2. the fusing of liquid phase divides internal melting type and outer molten cast-type:
Referring to Fig. 1, internal melting type, which refers to, melts cladding material inside outer tube 2, avoids casting step, can heat outer tube simultaneously
With inner wall composite layer, it is suitable for lower melting-point internal coated layer and prepares, alternatively referred to as " pricker painting formula ", but to interfacial cleanliness, wetability
It is more demanding, necessary protection (such as argon atmosphere is protected, referring to Fig. 3) need to be carried out to solid-state base material (outer tube) surface, to prevent
The oxidation film of high temperature lower outer pipe Surface Creation influences interfacial wettability.
Molten cast-type refers to outside is poured into outer tube after fusing cladding material in other containers again, is suitable for higher melting-point
Internal coated layer preparation, because solid-state base material (outer tube) surface will be easy to guarantee by partial liquefaction, wetability, to reduce to solid-state mother
The requirement of material surface protection can also claim " coating type ".
3. being divided into vertical and Horizontal stirring according to the length of tubing and cladding material fusing point
Referring to Fig. 1, vertical mixing is suitable for the shorter operating condition of size of pipe and tubing；Referring to fig. 4, Horizontal stirring be suitable for size of pipe and tubing compared with
Long and cladding material fusing point higher (even higher than outer tube) needs the operating condition of outer molten casting, is not only convenient for being poured, and can not be by
Device height limitation is completed the coating of inner wall of long pipe by a liquid phase stirring, is compounded with higher preparation efficiency compared with segmentation.?
When using Horizontal stirring, to prevent high-temperature liquid-phase from wandering, outer tube should be suitably tilted a certain angle.
4. inside and outside coat simultaneously
Referring to Fig. 5, ceramic jacket 7 (with annular groove interior sidewall surface tight fit) is installed in 4 annular groove of pedestal, then in ceramic jacket and outside
Gap is also formed between pipe, liquid phase cladding material can be added using pouring type, be formed the L/ for being located at outer tube inner and outer surfaces
The interface S, stirring rod are rotated with outer tube, but the direction of rotation of the two is opposite.
5. multitube parallel composition formula
Referring to Fig. 7, to further increase preparation efficiency, multiple stirring rod are driven simultaneously by multi-shaft device 8 by a motor
Rotary work once prepares multiple multiple tubes, solves the problems, such as using multiple tube low precision caused by multiple motors.
6. intermittent stirring
For example, in liquid phase stirring in such a way that stirring-standing-stirring-standing constantly recycles, it can by standing
To extend liquid/solid (L/S) interface Static Contact reaction time after stirring striping, suitably reinforcing interfacial reaction, raising interface are tied
Close intensity.It insulated and stirred total duration and continuously stirs consistent.
7. post weld heat treatment
In view of stirring required temperature is higher, heat preservation is easy to keep intermetallic compound growth blocked up at high temperature for a long time,
For this purpose, can first in the case where being higher than cladding material fusion temperature, the short time is stirred, realize basic boundary moisture with it is closely sealed, then covering
It is spread in due course under layer material solid-state, strengthens interface.
8. touching wall type and non-touch wall type
Touching wall type is that agitating procedure is divided into two steps: early period (molten bath has been formed), by mobile base, pastes rotation tool
Tight outer tube wall Stirring, it is therefore intended that mechanical breaking pipe material inner wall oxidation film；It is revolved when later period (indentation molten bath stage) stirring
Tool of changing a job moves to tubing center (not contacting outer tube) Stirring, it is therefore intended that guarantees that coating thickness is evenly distributed.Touch wall type
It is suitable for pipe internal oxidition film and clears up difficult occasion in advance.
Referring to Fig. 1, non-touch wall type refers to that stirring tool rotates (not contacting outer tube) at tubing center always, is easy to real
It applies.
9. applying swollen compound (swollen after first applying)
I.e. first agitating friction coating, carries out friction tube expansion by internal coated layer side to the multiple tube of formation, further make coating/
Substrate interface densification, while coating tissue being improved by cast sturcture to squeeze tissue.Friction tube expansion tool construction used is such as
It is successively cutting edge, the platform conical surface, column rubbing surface (cylindrical surface), the handle slightly thinner than column rubbing surface backward from front end shown in Figure 15
Portion.
The principle of friction tube expansion are as follows: starting friction tube expansion tool rotates simultaneously axially simultaneously indentation and stirs coating multiple tube
It is interior；With platform conical surface guiding, friction preheating；Tube expansion is expanding (radially while being frictionally heated with tool cylindrical surface, soften inner tube
Strut), and vertically apply active force to welding surface；Downward chip removal, shank diameter are slightly less than stylolitic part and are also conducive to the tube expansion that rubs
The extraction of tool.
(4) craft embodiment
WithFor the Q235 steel pipe of (diameter 19mm, wall thickness 2.5mm) as outer tube, length takes 120mm.With 6061 aluminium
Alloy barFor inner wall cladding material, take one section of 6061 aluminium alloy bars of 60~70mm long stand-by.Pre-treatment step
Outer surface including sand paper polishing Q235 steel pipe inner wall and 6061 aluminium alloy bars, is then cleaned by ultrasonic with dehydrated alcohol.It will
Pretreated Q235 penstock installation is evenly distributed with heating coil in the mounting hole of pedestal outside steel pipe, and installs and protect in annular groove
Shield determines pedestal lifting, stop place according to length of steel pipe.Pretreated 6061 aluminium alloy bars is put into Q235 steel pipe
Portion makes Q235 steel duct be in the Ar gas being passed through in protective cover and is formed by under protective atmosphere, then uses using protective cover
Induction power supply is by heating coils heat to 700 DEG C, it is ensured that 6061 aluminium alloy bars are molten into 6061 aluminium alloy melts, and it is molten to form aluminium
Pond.
Start motor, is driven through what shaft coupling was connected to the motorSolid corundum rod rotates (400rpm), passes through rise
Pedestal, so that the solid corundum rod flows slowly over protective cover and enters outer tube and be pressed into al molten bath (not touching pedestal).Pass through first
Superficial layer in situ stir 10s, to abolish the oxidation film of liquid aluminium surface；It then proceedes to push solid corundum rod, be closed to 6061 aluminium
Pressure, makes liquid metal backflow upwards along steel pipe inner wall inside golden melt depth, forms liquid phase internal coated layer；Holding rotation is utilized simultaneously
The solid corundum rod turned, the lasting liquid phase 5min for keeping the temperature " stirring " and having backflowed.Stirring tool drives liquid phase high speed rotation, thus shape
At the high speed relative motion at the interface liquid/solid (L/S), high-speed rotating liquid phase to solid phase tube surfaces formed friction, shearing, from
The mechanisms such as heart impact make rotation liquid phase itself have mechanical striping function, are conducive to interface by above-mentioned mechanism
Purifying (in experiment, it was also found that even if not applying protective gas, it is compound to be also able to achieve Al/Fe, has confirmed high speed rotation liquid phase
Itself there is stronger mechanical striping ability)；Moreover, between the metal that high-speed rotating liquid phase can wash away, shear interface is newly formed
Compound, by effective continued propagation in situ for inhibiting IMC.In this way, aluminium/steel pipe (steel substrate inner surface cladding can be completed
The multiple tube of aluminium alloy) preparation, obtain stirring pricker aluminising/steel pipe, abbreviation ladle aluminium composite pipe also corresponds to complete
Modification to small size (internal diameter) pipe inner friction surface.
The multiple tube validation checking of this example preparation is as follows:
(1) appearance forming: stirring pricker aluminising/steel pipe appearance is referring to Fig. 8,9, in the preparation process condition of use
Prepared under (700 DEG C × 5min × 400rpm) length 110mm (cecum has clipped 10mm), coating thickness 2mm and 3mm appearance at
The good ladle aluminium composite pipe of shape, the fine and close seamless and cavity blemish of vertical profile macroscopic interface.Cross-sectional interface macrograph (Figure 11)
Show: the cross-sectional interface of stirring pricker aluminising/steel pipe is fine and close, seamless and cavity blemish.
(2) Interface Microstructure: referring to Figure 10, stirring pricker aluminising/steel for being prepared under the conditions of 700 DEG C × 5min × 400rpm
Microcosmic (200 ×) interface in the vertical profile interface of multiple tube is fine and close, and wetting is excellent, without obvious intermetallic compound；Figure 12 (a) shows to stir
It is fine and close to mix microcosmic (500 ×) interface in pricker aluminising/cross-sectional interface of steel pipe, Figure 12 (b) shows 2000 × lower aluminium/steel micro interface
In the presence of the intermetallic compounds layer of about 2 μ m-thicks.
(3) shearing performance test: the stirring pricker aluminising/steel pipe prepared under the conditions of 700 DEG C × 5min × 400rpm is cut
It cuts sample photomacrograph and shows that, referring to Figure 13 (a), aluminium layer outside is sheared the aluminum side of load extrusion in undulated interface, rather than
Smooth interface illustrates that aluminum steel boundary moisture is good, referring to Figure 13 (b), shows that aluminium/steel interface is metallurgical bonding；Intercept long 4mm's
Segment multiple tube applies multiple tube shearing resistance and tests (outer tube for testing shear strength, stirring prickerCoating
6061) load-displacement curves referring to Figure 14, measure shear stress about 5.2kN, shear strength
34.5MPa illustrates that stirring aluminium/steel pipe that pricker applies technique preparation has fine and close metallurgical bonding interface and higher shearing resistance strong
Degree.
In short, the invention discloses a kind of full liquid stirrings and Semi-solid Stirring cladding process to prepare multiple tube/coating side
Method and device.In the full liquid or semisolid molten bath formed by cladding material, simultaneously using the indentation of high-speed rotating chemical tool
Liquid phase is stirred, liquid phase is on the one hand stirred and is allowed to be uniformly mixed and backflow along tube wall, on the other hand pass through rotation tool belt hydrodynamic phase
High speed rotation thus forms the stirring to liquid phase, forms high speed relative motion at the liquid/solid interface (L/S) and (forms interface to rub
Wipe, shear action), be conducive to mechanical striping and inhibit IMC growth.The present invention can be used for preparing multiple tube, it can also be used to small ruler
The modification of writing brush cylinder inner friction surface.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
The stirring tool of rotation is pressed into the full liquid formed in tubing by cladding material or semisolid molten bath, makes to pass through stirring
The liquid phase coating that tool squeezes reflux and is formed in pipe material inner wall is moved in liquid/solid interface with respect to tubing, is realized and is rubbed by stirring
It wipes and mechanical breaking, and the wetting at liquid/solid interface is carried out to the oxidation film being located on internal surface of pipe with liquid phase coating contacts
With the growth of inhibition intermetallic compound in diffusion reaction, pass through agitating friction in the wetting and expansion at liquid/solid interface alternatively, realizing
Dissipate the growth for inhibiting intermetallic compound in reaction；Stirring tool is detached into tubing after agitating friction and institute is made by cooling
The solidification of liquid phase coating is stated, the coating of covering pipe material inner wall is formed or forms the painting along axial covering pipe material inner wall certain length range
Layer to get arrive multiple tube or Compound pipe.
2. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that:
During the agitating friction, tubing is rotated along the direction opposite with stirring tool；Stirring tool is cooling solidifying in liquid phase coating
Gu detaching tubing in the process and keeping rotating.
3. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that:
The full liquid or semisolid molten bath are formed by the heating fusing cladding material in tubing, alternatively, the full liquid
Or semisolid molten bath is formed by the way that the cladding material of fusing to be poured into tubing.
4. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that:
The process of the agitating friction point multiple periods complete, and so that stirring tool is stopped rotating between day part.
5. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that:
The method also includes following steps: being pressed into the full liquid formed in tubing by cladding material or semisolid molten bath in stirring tool
Before, the preparatory agitating friction of molten bath above section is located to abolish the oxidation film of internal surface of pipe to pipe material inner wall.
6. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that:
The method also includes following steps: carrying out friction tube expansion processing to the multiple tube.
7. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that:
The multiple tube be using be segmented stepping it is compound by the way of and preparing multiple Compound pipes that coating extends along pipe material inner wall
It is formed.
8. a kind of according to claim 1 prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that:
The tubing is selected from steel pipe, and cladding material is selected from aluminium alloy.
9. a kind of according to claim 1 or 8 prepare metal composite pipe/coating method by liquid phase stirring, feature exists
In: the condition of the agitating friction are as follows: stirring tool is divided with the revolving speed of 300~600rpm in 660 DEG C of temperatures above insulated and stirreds 5
It is more than clock.
10. a kind of prepare metal composite pipe/coating device by liquid phase stirring, it is characterised in that: driven including motor, by motor
It moves several stirring tools of rotation and is provided with annular groove on adjustable pedestal (4), the pedestal (4) with stirring tool
And in the annular groove with the position of each stirring tool opposite several tubing mounting holes respectively, with pedestal (4) with
The adjustment of distance between stirring tool, stirring tool can be pressed into while rotating at corresponding tubing mounting hole be arranged include liquid phase
In the tubing of cladding material.
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