CN110122562B - Living body compound preservation method for dendrocalamus latiflorus shoots with shells - Google Patents
Living body compound preservation method for dendrocalamus latiflorus shoots with shells Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/157—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02W90/10—Bio-packaging, e.g. packing containers made from renewable resources or bio-plastics
Abstract
The invention discloses a live body composite fresh-keeping technology for a dendrocalamus hamiltonii shoot with a shell, which comprises the following steps: before picking, spraying chlorine dioxide solution with the concentration of 40-80 mg/L on the bamboo shoots one day before the bamboo shoots are picked; harvesting; sterilizing and cooling, cutting off the aged fiber part of the collected bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating the cut with salt, and cooling the bamboo shoot body to 0-3 ℃ in clear lime water with the concentration of 5-10% and the temperature of 0 ℃; coating treatment; and (5) vacuum packaging. Compared with the prior art, the method can obviously reduce the enzyme activity of the living bodies of the sweet dragon bamboo shoots, the ageing process of lignin and cellulose, can obviously reduce the growth rate of fungi and bacteria, and can play a good role in keeping the fresh living bodies of the sweet dragon bamboo shoots with shells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bamboo shoot processing, in particular to a live compound preservation technology for a dendrocalamus hamiltonii shoot with a shell.
Background
The Dendrocalamus brandisii (Dendrocalamus brandii (Munro) Kurz) is of the genus Muskonium (Dendrocalamus), the diameter is 12-20 cm, the diameter is as high as 15-20 m, the production is generally called as the Dendrocalamus brandisii, Banna, Lincang, Baoshan, Dehong and other places are mainly distributed, Burma, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand are also distributed, Indian is cultivated, and the model specimen is collected from Burmese. The bamboo shoot products are popular due to the rich nutrient elements and amino acid content, the dietary fibers, vitamins and mineral elements contained in the fresh bamboo shoots are high, meanwhile, the research on the medicinal function of the fresh bamboo shoots discovers that the bamboo shoots have a relieving effect on complications caused by hyperlipidemia to a certain extent, the experiment on the hyperlipidemic mice shows an initial effect, the production of antilipemic medicinal components is expected to be put into the future, and the development and research values are high.
The dendrocalamus latiflorus belongs to a hot bamboo species, is fond of warm and humid climate and is not frost-resistant, the climate in a distribution area belongs to a subtropical monsoon climate type, dry and wet seasons are clear, the annual average temperature is more than 16 ℃, the coldest month average temperature is more than 5 ℃, the accumulated temperature of not less than 10 ℃ is more than 5500 ℃, the annual frost-free day is more than 300 days without heavy frost, the annual rainfall is 1100-2000 mm, the annual sunshine time is more than 2100 hours, and the relative humidity is more than 75%. The bamboo shoots are mainly distributed from the south to the west of Yunnan, the bamboo shoots begin in the first 6 th ten days of each year and end basically in the last 10 th ten days, the temperature is high in the season, the postharvest physiological metabolism of the fresh bamboo shoots of the special dendrocalamus latiflorus in Yunnan is vigorous, if treatment measures are not taken, the fresh bamboo shoots can age and deteriorate within one day after being harvested, the quality of the bamboo shoots is affected, the bamboo shoots cannot be transported for long distance sale, the sales area of the bamboo shoots is limited, and the development of the dendrocalamus latiflorus industry is limited to a great extent. The weight of the fresh bamboo shoots of Phyllostachys edulis (Phyllostachys edulis) and Dendrocalamus latiflorus (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) is almost the same as that of the fresh bamboo shoots of the Dendrocalamus edulis in the current market, but the bamboo shoots can be made into dried bamboo shoots, cans and other products besides fresh foods, and the sale of the bamboo shoots is not influenced. However, for the dendrocalamus latiflorus, fresh food is the best and only choice, and the dendrocalamus latiflorus can be tasted fresh, sweet and crisp only in the shortest time after picking, and the taste and nutrition of the dendrocalamus latiflorus can be influenced by enzyme deactivation or can fresh keeping. At present, the fresh bamboo shoot living body preservation technology is not advanced enough, and the normal-temperature preservation period of the fresh bamboo shoot living body is at most three days, so the bamboo shoot sale condition of summer and autumn in the season of full production is severely restricted. The application No. 200610032602.0 discloses that the method for removing the bamboo shoot shell and boiling adopted in the 'bamboo shoot biological preservation method and process' is not suitable for the dendrocalamus latiflorus, the protection of the bamboo shoot shell is not available, the dendrocalamus latiflorus is more easy to age and rot, and the bamboo shoot body after boiling loses the sweet and crisp taste of the dendrocalamus latiflorus. The application number is 201210278486.6, the invention name is 'a preservation method of phyllostachys pracecox shoots', the modified atmosphere storage is mentioned, the method is gradually and widely applied, the bamboo shoots are preserved by using the method of combining modified atmosphere and a preservative, the breathing intensity of the bamboo shoots is effectively controlled, but the bamboo shoots preserved by modified atmosphere are easy to generate peculiar smell. The application No. 201210352523.3, the invention name "novel green bamboo shoot processing method" and the application No. 200610032602.0, the invention name "bamboo shoot biological fresh-keeping method and process" both refer to a method for disinfecting bamboo shoots by using chlorine dioxide solution, wherein the chlorine dioxide solution can effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms on the bamboo shoots, the chlorine dioxide is internationally recognized as safe and nontoxic green disinfectant, but people sensitive to smell are reluctant to accept bamboo shoots with peculiar smell because of strong pungent smell of the chlorine dioxide. The method of sealed package is a method which is applied more in the current market, but the sweet dragon bamboo shoot has larger bamboo shoot body and stronger respiration effect, and the package by a sealed bag is very easy to expand. The problems can be solved only by solving the technology for preserving the living bodies of the dendrocalamus latiflorus shoots, so that the bottleneck problem restricting the development of the dendrocalamus latiflorus industry is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a live body compound fresh-keeping technology for the dendrocalamus latiflorus with the shell, which can reduce the aging and deterioration degree of the dendrocalamus latiflorus from felling to the stage before the dendrocalamus latiflorus is put on a desk, and can ensure the taste and nutrition of the dendrocalamus latiflorus to the maximum extent, and the technology does not strip off the shell of the dendrocalamus latiflorus, does not add a preservative, does not inactivate enzymes, does not cut off the bamboo bodies, does not scald the bamboo shoots, and has no peculiar smell. The cold storage box can be used for preserving at normal temperature during preservation, the minimum time of preservation at normal temperature is 8-10 days, and the cold storage preservation can be prolonged to 1 month.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme in order to achieve the purpose:
a technology for preserving the shell-contained live body of the dendrocalamus latiflorus shoot in a composite manner comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: the day before the bamboo shoots are harvested, chlorine dioxide (ClO) with the concentration of 40-80 mg/L is utilized2) The solution is sprayed on the bamboo shoot body. Chlorine dioxide is a safe and nontoxic green disinfectant which is internationally recognized at present, and the chlorine dioxide solution with the concentration of 40 mg/L-80 mg/L can effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms on bamboo shoots, but the chlorine dioxide is caused by the oxygen dioxideChlorine chloride has strong pungent odor, so the bamboo shoot body is sprayed one day in advance, and the odor is dispersed by using the time of one day.
(2) Harvesting: bamboo shoots with the height not more than 30cm, the mass of 1.8-2.5 kg, normal color and luster and no insect eye disease spots are selected for felling.
(3) And (3) sterilization and cooling: cutting off the aged fiber part of the collected bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating the cut with salt, and cooling the bamboo shoot to 0-3 ℃ in clear lime water with the concentration of 5-10% and the temperature of 0 ℃. Cutting the collected bamboo shoot body with sterilized cutter to remove the soil at the bottom, cutting off the aged part of fiber, cleaning the bamboo shoot body, and repeatedly coating the cut with salt to dehydrate the cut of the bamboo shoot. The integrity of the bamboo shoot shell is ensured, although the transportation cost is increased, the integrity of the bamboo shoot shell plays a good role in protecting the bamboo shoot body, the contact between the bamboo shoot body and the air is reduced, and the survival rate of bacteria is reduced.
And (3) placing the preferable bamboo shoots with the shells into ice water, wherein the main component of the ice water is 5-10% of clarified lime water, and cooling for 60 minutes to reduce the temperature of the bamboo shoots to about 0 ℃ so as to reduce the enzyme activity of the bamboo shoots. The main component of the lime water is calcium hydroxide [ Ca (OH) ]2]The lime water has certain sterilization and insecticidal effects, can kill fungi, bacteria and pests parasitizing on the bamboo shoot body, is safe and environment-friendly as a low-cost food additive, and is harmless to human bodies.
(4) Coating treatment: and (3) soaking the bamboo shoots treated in the step (3) in the chitosan coating agent solution for 1-3 min, taking out, throwing off residual liquid, standing, airing to form a film, uniformly coating beeswax melted by a water bath heating method on the bamboo shoot bodies, and naturally airing. The beewax has the characteristics of plasticity, detachability, film forming, water resistance, moisture resistance, oxidation deterioration resistance, glazing and the like, and can effectively prevent the discoloration of the bamboo shoots.
(5) And (3) vacuum packaging: and (5) packaging the bamboo shoots treated in the step (4) and bamboo charcoal in a packaging bag according to the mass ratio of 10-20: 1, and vacuumizing. Because the body size of the dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoots is generally larger than that of other bamboo shoots, the dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoots have stronger respiration effect during living body storage, and the moisture absorption and release regulation function of the bamboo charcoal is utilized, so that the humidity rise and the multiplication of mold and microorganisms can be restrained, and the effects of humidity regulation and bacteria prevention are achieved. The vacuum bag packaged with bamboo charcoal is not easy to expand, and simultaneously, the bamboo charcoal can adsorb peculiar smell emitted by bamboo shoot respiration.
The technical scheme is further improved, wherein the chitosan film coating agent solution is obtained by dissolving 1.5-2.5 parts of chitosan in 100 parts of citric acid water with the mass fraction of 4%, shaking up and standing; the parts are parts by mass of the raw materials. The finally obtained chitosan film coating agent solution has transparent color and neutral pH value.
The technical proposal is further improved, and the concentration of the clear lime water is 10 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the method can obviously reduce the enzymatic activity of the living bodies of the dendrocalamus latiflorus and the aging process of lignin and cellulose, can obviously reduce the growth rate of fungi and bacteria, can play a good role in keeping the fresh living bodies of the bamboo shoots fresh, can cool the bamboo shoots with shells to a preset temperature in a short time, can effectively reduce the cellular respiration and the increase of the cellular enzymatic activity of bamboo shoot meat, and can use ClO for the bamboo shoots2The solution is sterilized, and then the chitosan film coating and the vacuum packaging are carried out, so that the activity of bacteria can be obviously reduced, the ageing of cellulose and lignin is slowed down, and the sweet and crisp taste of the bamboo shoots is kept to the maximum extent. The method can prolong the fresh-keeping period of the fresh bamboo shoots to more than 8 days at normal temperature, and has good practical value and development prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the trend of the change in the cellulose content in comparison with the effects of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation trend of lignin content in comparison with the effect of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bacterial colony trend chart comparing the effects of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a trend chart of fungal colony variation comparing the effects of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Bamboo shoots collected in the autonomous county of Va Van nationality, Cangyuan, Yunnan province, 8 months and 15 days in 2018. Bamboo shoots were picked from the experimental facility and washed of sludge impurities, and treated as described in the following examples and comparative examples, respectively:
example 1
The invention relates to a live body compound preservation technology for a dendrocalamus hamiltonii shoot with a shell, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: using 60mg/L chlorine dioxide (ClO) one day before bamboo shoot harvest2) The solution is sprayed on the bamboo shoot body.
(2) Harvesting: bamboo shoots with the height of 25cm, the mass of 2kg, normal color and luster and no insect eye disease spots are selected for felling.
(3) Sterilization and cooling: cutting off aged fiber of collected bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating with salt, and cooling to 0 deg.C in clear lime water with concentration of 10% and temperature of 0 deg.C.
(4) Coating treatment: soaking the bamboo shoot bodies treated in the step (3) in the chitosan film coating agent solution for 3min, taking out, throwing off residual liquid, standing, airing to form a film, uniformly coating beeswax melted by a water bath heating method on the bamboo shoot bodies, and naturally airing; the chitosan film coating agent solution is obtained by dissolving 1.5 parts of chitosan in 100 parts of citric acid water with the mass fraction of 4%, shaking up and standing; the parts are parts by mass of the raw materials.
(5) And (3) vacuum packaging: mixing the bamboo shoot bodies treated in the step (4) with bamboo charcoal according to a ratio of 15: 1, packaging in a packaging bag, and vacuumizing.
Example 2
The invention relates to a fresh-keeping technology of a shell-contained living body of a dendrocalamus latiflorus shoot, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: the day before harvesting, chlorine dioxide (ClO) with concentration of 40ml/L is used2) The solution is sprayed on the fresh bamboo shoots.
(2) Harvesting: selecting fresh bamboo shoots with the height of not more than 30cm, the mass of 1.8kg, normal color and luster and no insect eye disease spots for felling.
(3) Sterilization and cooling: cutting off aged fiber part of fresh bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating with salt, and cooling to 3 deg.C in clear lime water with concentration of 10% and 0 deg.C.
(4) Coating treatment: soaking the bamboo shoot bodies treated in the step (3) in the chitosan film coating agent solution for 2min, taking out, throwing off residual liquid, standing, airing to form a film, uniformly coating beeswax melted by a water bath heating method on the bamboo shoot bodies, and naturally airing; the chitosan film coating agent solution is obtained by dissolving 2.5 parts of chitosan in 100 parts of citric acid water with the mass fraction of 4%, shaking up and standing; the parts are parts by mass of the raw materials.
(5) And (3) vacuum packaging: mixing the bamboo shoot bodies treated in the step (4) with bamboo charcoal according to a ratio of 20: the mass ratio of 1 is encapsulated in a packaging bag, and vacuum pumping is carried out.
Example 3
The invention relates to a live body compound preservation technology for a dendrocalamus hamiltonii shoot with a shell, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: the day before harvesting, chlorine dioxide (ClO) with concentration of 80ml/L is used2) The solution is sprayed on the fresh bamboo shoots.
(2) Harvesting: selecting fresh bamboo shoots with the height not more than 30cm, the mass of 2.3kg, normal color and luster and no insect eye disease spots for felling.
(3) Sterilization and cooling: cutting off aged fiber part of fresh bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating with salt, and cooling to 0 deg.C in clear lime water with concentration of 10% and temperature of 0 deg.C.
(4) Coating treatment: soaking the bamboo shoot bodies treated in the step (3) in the chitosan film coating agent solution for 1min, taking out, throwing off residual liquid, standing, airing to form a film, uniformly coating beeswax melted by a water bath heating method on the bamboo shoot bodies, and naturally airing; the chitosan film coating agent solution is obtained by dissolving 2 parts of chitosan in 100 parts of citric acid water with the mass fraction of 4%, shaking up and standing; the parts are parts by mass of the raw materials.
(5) And (3) vacuum packaging: mixing the bamboo shoot bodies treated in the step (4) with bamboo charcoal according to a ratio of 10: the mass ratio of 1 is encapsulated in a packaging bag, and vacuum pumping is carried out.
Comparative example 1
The fresh-keeping method for the phyllostachys praecox bamboo shoots comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting: selecting fresh bamboo shoots with the height of less than 30cm, the mass of 2.3kg, normal color and luster and no insect eye disease spots for cutting.
(2) Sterilization and cooling: cutting off aged fiber part of fresh bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating with salt, and cooling to 0 deg.C in clear lime water with concentration of 10% and temperature of 0 deg.C.
(3) And (3) vacuum packaging: mixing the bamboo shoot body treated in the last step with bamboo charcoal according to a ratio of 15: the mass ratio of 1 is encapsulated in a packaging bag, and vacuum pumping is carried out.
Comparative example 2
The fresh-keeping method for the dendrocalamus latiflorus shoots comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: the day before harvesting, chlorine dioxide (ClO) with concentration of 80mg/L is utilized2) The solution is sprayed on the fresh bamboo shoots.
(2) Harvesting: selecting fresh bamboo shoots with the height not more than 30cm, the mass of 2.5kg, normal color and luster and no insect eye disease spots for felling.
(3) Sterilization and cooling: cutting off aged fiber part of fresh bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating with salt, and cooling to 0 deg.C in clear lime water with concentration of 10% and temperature of 0 deg.C.
(4) And (3) vacuum packaging: mixing the bamboo shoot body treated in the last step with bamboo charcoal according to a ratio of 15: the mass ratio of 1 is encapsulated in a packaging bag, and vacuum pumping is carried out.
Comparative example 3
The fresh-keeping method for the phyllostachys praecox bamboo shoots comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting: selecting fresh bamboo shoots with the height not more than 30cm, the mass of 2.3kg, normal color and luster and no insect eye disease spots for felling.
(2) Sterilization and cooling: cutting off aged fiber part of fresh bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating with salt, and cooling to 0 deg.C in clear lime water with concentration of 10% and temperature of 0 deg.C.
(3) Coating treatment: soaking the bamboo shoot bodies treated in the step (3) in the chitosan film coating agent solution for 1min, taking out, throwing off residual liquid, standing, airing to form a film, uniformly coating beeswax melted by a water bath heating method on the bamboo shoot bodies, and naturally airing; the chitosan film coating agent solution is obtained by dissolving 2 parts of chitosan in 100 parts of citric acid water with the mass fraction of 4%, shaking up and standing; the parts are parts by mass of the raw materials.
(4) And (3) vacuum packaging: mixing the bamboo shoot bodies treated in the step (4) with bamboo charcoal according to a ratio of 15: the mass ratio of 1 is encapsulated in a packaging bag, and vacuum pumping is carried out.
The enzyme activity, the lignin content, the cellulose content and the microbial count were measured on days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 after the samples of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were left at room temperature.
The measured effects are compared as follows:
1. enzyme activity
(1) PAL enzyme activity Change assay, PAL enzyme activity Change trends are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 trends in PAL enzyme Activity
As can be seen from the analysis in Table 1, the PAL enzyme activities of the groups showed a tendency of ascending before descending with the increase of days, wherein the enzyme activities of the comparative example 1 as the control group showed a tendency of descending slowly, and the enzyme activities of the comparative examples 2, 3 and 1 were all ascending before descending. Through multiple comparison of the treatments, the PAL enzyme activity of the comparative example 2 is obviously higher than that of the other three groups in the first two days of bamboo shoot harvest, but rapidly decreases after 4d, while the other groups relatively decrease slowly, and the four groups of treatments all reach the lowest value of the enzyme activity in 8 d. Compared with the clear water treatment, the comparative examples 2 and 3 have a certain limiting effect on the lignification process of the bamboo shoots, but compared with the example 1, the control on the enzyme activity of other groups is relatively poor, the PAL enzyme activity is always in a lower state, the lignification process of the bamboo shoots is obviously inhibited, the enzyme is obviously inactivated at 8 days, and the storage effect is best. A very significant difference between the treatments among the groups was also obtained as shown by anova (P ═ 0.001< 0.01).
(2) POD enzyme Activity Change analysis the POD enzyme activity change trend is shown in Table 2
TABLE 2 POD enzyme Activity trends
As can be seen from the analysis in Table 2, the enzyme activities of the three groups of comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and example 1 all showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing, except that the enzyme activity of comparative example 1 was stable. Through multiple comparison, the enzyme activities of the three groups except the comparative example 1 all reach the highest values in the first two days of bamboo shoot harvesting, the physiological activities of the bamboo shoots are vigorous, but the enzyme activities rapidly decline after 4 days, and the three groups of treatments all have certain effect on inhibiting the lignification of the bamboo shoots. All four treatments reached the lowest value of enzyme activity at 8 d. Compared with the clear water treatment, the two groups of the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3 have a certain limiting effect on the lignification process of the bamboo shoots, but compared with the comparative example 3, the control on the enzyme activity of other groups is relatively poor, the POD enzyme of the example 1 is always in a lower activity state, the lignification process of the bamboo shoots is obviously inhibited, the enzyme is obviously inactivated at 8 days, and the storage effect is best. Analysis of variance showed very significant differences between groups (P ═ 0.006< 0.01).
(3) PPO enzyme activity change analysis shows that the PPO enzyme activity change trend is shown in Table 3
TABLE 3 PPO enzymatic Activity trends
As shown in Table 3, in the first 4d, the PPO enzyme activities of the three groups of comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and example 1 all showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing in addition to the stability of the PPO enzyme activity of comparative example 1 in the four groups. Through multiple comparison of the treatments, the enzyme activities of the three groups except the comparative example 1 all reach the highest values in the first two days of bamboo shoot harvesting, the physiological activities of the bamboo shoots are vigorous, but the enzyme activities rapidly decline after 4 days, and the three groups of treatments all have certain effect on inhibiting the lignification of the bamboo shoots. All four treatments reached the lowest value of enzyme activity at 8 d. Compared with the clear water treatment, the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3 have certain restriction on the lignification process of the bamboo shoots, but compared with the example 1, the other groups have poorer control on the enzyme activity, the PPO enzyme activity of the example 1 is always lower, the lignification process of the bamboo shoots is obviously inhibited, the enzyme is obviously inactivated at 8 days, and the storage effect is best. Analysis of variance showed that highly significant differences between treatments among groups were also obtained as shown by analysis of variance (P ═ 0.008< 0.01).
2. Analysis of cellulose content
The trend of the cellulose content is shown in fig. 1, and the analysis of fig. 1 shows that the cellulose content shows a gradual rising trend along with the increase of days, wherein the group of the comparative example 1 shows a clear rising trend, and the rising speeds of the group of the comparative example 2, the comparative example 3 and the example 1 are the second, wherein the group of the example 1 has the slowest growth rate, which shows that the ClO content is the lowest2The mixed treatment mode of the solution and the chitosan coating can effectively inhibit the enzyme activity reaction, thereby inhibiting the increase of the cellulose content of the dendrocalamus latiflorus bamboo shoots. The difference between treatments was very significant (P ═ 0.000)<0.01)。
1. Analysis of Lignin content
The change trend of the lignin content is shown in fig. 2, and as can be seen from the analysis of fig. 2, the lignin content gradually increases with the increase of days, and the increase of the lignin content from 0 th to 2 nd days does not obviously indicate that the lignin content has certain resistance, but after 2 days, the lignin content of the comparative example 1 serving as a control group is obviously increased, and the cellulose content of the comparative example 2, the comparative example 3 and the cellulose content of the example 1 all show an increasing trend, but the increasing speed is reduced, which indicates that the treatment has the fresh-keeping effect. And after observing the three groups of the comparative example 2, the comparative example 3 and the example 1, the result that the group of the example 1 grows at the slowest speed and the groups of the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3 grow faster than the group of the example 1 shows that the fresh-keeping effect of the group of the example 1 is the best of the groups of the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3. Description of ClO2The mixed treatment mode of the solution and the chitosan coating can effectively inhibit the enzymatic activity reaction, thereby inhibiting the increase of the lignin content of the dendrocalamus hamiltonii. And the difference between the treatments is very remarkable(P＝0.000<0.01)。
2. Bacterial colony counting
The bacterial colony trend is shown in FIG. 3, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the number of colonies gradually increases with the number of days, and the increase rate is significantly increased. The obvious change of the growth curve begins to appear when the experiment is carried out for 4-6 days, and the preliminary conjecture is that the preservation days are gradually increased, the preservation effect of the preservation preservative is gradually reduced along with factors such as decomposition and volatilization, the bacteria are not completely eliminated, the preservation quantity is small, the sample is proliferated again, and the sample begins the decay process again at the moment. However, when comparing the control group in the clear water zone with the control group in the comparative example 1, it can be seen that the growth of bacteria in the three groups of the comparative example 2, the comparative example 3 and the example 1 which had been treated with the fresh-keeping preservative was significantly inhibited, and the number of colonies carried by the initial sample was also at a low level. The sterilization and fresh-keeping effects of the group in the example 1 are most obvious, and the fresh bamboo shoot samples treated by the group in the example 1 are lignified after being cultured for a long time, so that the cellulose level is low, and the treatment of the group in the example 1 has a good effect of killing bacteria.
5. Fungal colony counting
The fungus colony change trend is shown in fig. 4, and as shown in fig. 4, the colony number culture of the fungus is shown by a growth trend curve similar to that of the bacterial culture, but the difference is that the colony number of the fungus is slowly increased in the initial stage, and the colony number of the fungus is explosively increased after the day number reaches 6 days, which is presumed to be caused by the slow initial propagation of the fungus in an anaerobic environment. The comparison of the clear water control group with the comparative example 1 group shows that the bacteria culture result is similar to that of the example 1 group, and the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3 group have the best sterilization and preservation effects.
Comprehensive analysis
TABLE 4 correlation analysis of cellulose, lignin and enzyme activity and fungal and bacterial counts after different freshness treatments
As can be seen from table 4, there is a moderate correlation between cellulose and lignin (| r | ═ 0.445), and there is a very significant difference between the two (P ═ 0.000)<0.01), there was a moderate correlation between cellulose and PAL enzyme activities (| r | ═ 0.497), with a very significant difference between the two (P ═ 0.000)<0.01), there was a moderate correlation between cellulose and POD enzyme activity (| r | ═ 0.556), and there was a very significant difference between the two (P ═ 0.000)<0.01), there was very weak correlation between cellulose and PPO enzyme activity (| r | ═ 0.073), and the difference between the two was not significant (P ═ 0.577)>0.05); there was very weak correlation between lignin and PAL enzyme activity (| r | -0.196), with insignificant difference between the two (P ═ 0.134)>0.05), there was a moderate correlation between lignin and POD enzyme activity (| r | ═ 0.408), with a very significant difference between the two (P ═ 0.001)<0.01), there was a weak correlation between lignin and PPO enzyme activity (| r | ═ 0.220), with no significant difference between the two (P ═ 0.092)>0.05). Therefore, the content of cellulose and lignin has moderate correlation and obvious difference with the enzyme activity. The trend of the enzyme activity is high firstly and low secondly, which shows that the fresh-keeping treatment has an effect, but the effect is reduced later, which shows that the trend is consistent with the content trend of cellulose and lignin. This collectively illustrates ClO2The mixed treatment mode of the solution and the chitosan coating has the best fresh-keeping effect, and the chitosan coating treatment and the ClO treatment2The solution is the second to be effective.
As can be seen from table 4, there is a strong correlation between cellulose and the number of bacterial colonies (| r | ═ 0.723), and there is a very significant difference therebetween (P ═ 0.000)<0.01), the cellulose is weakly related to the number of fungal colonies (| r | ═ 0.036), and the difference between the two is not significant (P ═ 0.787)>0.05); there was a moderate correlation between lignin and bacterial colony counts (| r | ═ 0.547), with a very significant difference between the two (P ═ 0.000)<0.01), there was a weak correlation between lignin and fungal colony count (| r | ═ 0.260), and there was a significant difference between the two (0.01)<P＝0.045<0.05) and thus there is a moderate correlation and a very significant difference in cellulose, lignin content and enzyme activity. The number of microorganisms tends to increase in the early stageThe quantity is slowly increased, and then the quantity is increased in an explosive manner, which shows that the quantity is increased and the fresh-keeping treatment has an inhibiting effect and is consistent with the increase of the contents of cellulose and lignin. Similarly, the numbers of bacterial and fungal colonies indicated that the treatment of example 1 group gave the best results in terms of freshness, indicating that ClO was the best2The bamboo shoots can be effectively preserved by the soaking treatment of the solution and the coating treatment of the chitosan, the fibrosis of the bamboo shoots is effectively reduced, and the lignification process of the bamboo shoots is slowed down.
The invention provides a fresh-keeping technology of a shell-contained living body of a bamboo shoot of Dendrocalamus giganteus, namely ClO2The method has the advantages that the enzyme activity of the living bodies of the dendrocalamus latiflorus and the aging process of lignin and cellulose can be obviously reduced, and the growth rate of fungi and bacteria can be obviously reduced by the steps of solution pretreatment, ice water cooling, chitosan and beeswax coating and vacuum packaging, so that the method can play a good role in keeping the fresh living bodies of the dendrocalamus latiflorus, can cool the bamboo shoots with shells to a preset temperature in a short time, can effectively reduce the cell respiration and the increase of the cell enzyme activity of bamboo shoot meat, and can be used for ClO (ClO) for the bamboo shoots2The solution is sterilized, and then the chitosan coating and the vacuum packaging are carried out, so that the activity of bacteria can be obviously reduced, the ageing of cellulose and lignin is slowed down, and the sweet and crisp taste of the bamboo shoots is kept to the maximum extent. The method can prolong the fresh-keeping period of the fresh bamboo shoots to more than 8 days at normal temperature, and has good practical value and development prospect.
The embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can modify the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading the present specification, but the present invention is protected by patent law within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preserving the shell-contained live body of the dendrocalamus latiflorus shoot in a composite manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment before picking: the day before the bamboo shoots are harvested, chlorine dioxide (ClO) with the concentration of 40-80 mg/L is utilized2) Spraying the solution on the bamboo shoot body;
(2) harvesting: selecting bamboo shoots with the height not more than 30cm, the mass of 1.8-2.5 kg, normal color and luster and no insect eye disease spots for felling;
(3) and (3) sterilization and cooling: cutting off the aged fiber part of the collected bamboo shoot body, cleaning, coating the cut with salt, and cooling the bamboo shoot to 0-3 ℃ in clear lime water with the concentration of 5-10% and the temperature of 0 ℃;
(4) coating treatment: soaking the bamboo shoots treated in the step (3) in the chitosan coating agent solution for 1-3 min, taking out, throwing off residual liquid, standing, airing to form a film, uniformly coating beeswax melted by a water bath heating method on the bamboo shoot bodies, and naturally airing;
(5) and (3) vacuum packaging: and (3) mixing the bamboo shoots treated in the step (4) with bamboo charcoal according to the weight ratio of 10-20: the mass ratio of 1 is encapsulated in a packaging bag, and vacuum pumping is carried out.
2. The method for compound preservation of the shell-on-sweet dragon bamboo shoot living body according to claim 1, wherein the chitosan coating agent solution is obtained by dissolving 1.5-2.5 parts of chitosan in 100 parts of citric acid water with the mass fraction of 4%, shaking uniformly and standing; the parts are parts by mass of the raw materials.
3. The fresh-keeping method of the bamboo shoot with the shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the clear lime water is 10%.
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