CN110120590A - The super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional - Google Patents
The super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional Download PDFInfo
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- CN110120590A CN110120590A CN201810119101.9A CN201810119101A CN110120590A CN 110120590 A CN110120590 A CN 110120590A CN 201810119101 A CN201810119101 A CN 201810119101A CN 110120590 A CN110120590 A CN 110120590A
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- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of super surface construction method of graphene of deflection of the spin angular momentaum on three-dimensional, applied in computer installation, this method comprises the following steps: one graphene reflector element of building, which includes the graphene patch, the quartz medium plate of middle layer and the metal floor of bottom of top layer；The quantity of graphene reflector element needed for inputting the super surface of graphene to be built；The phase distribution at each position in the super surface of graphene to be built is calculated to determine the arrangement position for all graphene units for constituting the super surface of graphene；All graphene units are combined into the super surface of graphene according to the arrangement position of all graphene units on the super surface of graphene to be built.The embodiment of the present invention constructs the super surface of graphene with graphene reflector element, and can control spin angular momentaum of the electromagnetic wave on three-dimensional and deflection direction.
Description
Technical field
It is deflected the present invention relates to the technical field of microwave communication more particularly to a kind of spin angular momentaum on three-dimensional
The super surface construction method of graphene.
Background technique
In recent years, the technology of the spin angular momentaum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) that control electromagnetic wave gradually causes people
Research interest, due to they can apply communication system polarity diversity and in terms of, it is continuous
There is researcher to design super surface device independently to regulate and control them.Both momentum are the intrinsic properties of a propagation electromagnetic wave,
They are related with polarization of electromagnetic wave and phase respectively.Since super surface is flexible in terms of control polarization of ele and phase
Property, they have been widely cited in the side such as irregular reflection or refraction, reflective array antenna, vortex baud generator and polarization converter
Face.
As traffic rate is gradually increased, application band can also be applied with raising in Terahertz (THz) frequency range
Super surface becomes inevitable trend.Present some super surfaces using Terahertz frequency range, most of set using metal unit
Meter, since metal is more serious in the skin effect of the higher THz frequency range of frequency itself, make current convergence in metal surface, electricity
Flow distribution inequality causes cell impedance increase, to keep the loss on entire super surface higher, is unfavorable for practical application.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technological deficiency, spin on three-dimensional angular motion the main purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind
It is electric to THz frequency range to realize can to construct a kind of novel super surface of graphene for the super surface construction method of graphene for measuring deflection
The SAM of magnetic wave is regulated and controled, and is controlled spin angular momentaum of the electromagnetic wave on three-dimensional and deflection direction, Er Qiejie
Structure is simple, is easily integrated.
To achieve the above object, the super table of graphene that spin angular momentaum that the present invention provides a kind of on three-dimensional deflects
Face construction method is applied in computer installation, and this method comprises the following steps: one graphene reflector element of building, the stone
Black alkene reflector element includes the graphene patch, the quartz medium plate of middle layer and the metal floor of bottom of top layer, described
The upper surface of quartz medium plate is arranged in graphene patch, and between the long side of graphene patch and three dimensional space coordinate axis X-axis
Rotation angle be θ, the lower surface of quartz medium plate is arranged in metal floor, wherein rotation angle, θ is -90 °~90 ° ranges
Interior any angle；The quantity of graphene reflector element needed for inputting the super surface of graphene to be built and all black alkene reflections
The arrangement position of unit；The phase distribution at each position in the super surface of graphene to be built is calculated to determine that constituting graphene surpasses
The rotation angle, θ of graphene patch on each graphene unit on surface, each position in the super surface of graphene to be built
The reflected phase distribution at place is calculated by following formula: Φ (x, y)=Φ0(x,y)-k0Sin θ ' (xcos γ+ysin γ), wherein
θ=Φ (x, y)/2, in formula, Φ0(x, y) is the reflected phase of graphene reflector element, k0For the wave number in free space, Φ
(x, y) is the initial phase of graphene reflector element, and θ ' is the angle of electromagnetic wave projection in the two-dimensional direction and X-axis, x and y
Abscissa, ordinate in the position coordinates of respectively each graphene reflector element, θ are each graphene patch in graphene
Rotation angle on unit, γ be electromagnetic wave on three-dimensional with the angle of Z axis；According to the institute on the super surface of graphene to be built
There is the arrangement position of graphene unit that all graphene units are combined into the super surface of graphene.
Preferably, the building one is used to control the step of graphene reflector element of electromagnetic wave spin mode including such as
Lower specific steps: the up of three-layer structure of graphene reflector element is determined；Calculate the conductivity of graphene patch；Utilize PB phase
Method calculates the rotation angle that quartz medium plate upper surface is arranged in graphene patch；It is soft to HFSS emulation to input original dimension parameter
The simulation model of graphene reflector element is established in part；Simulation analysis is carried out to the simulation model of graphene reflector element to be imitated
True analysis result；The actual size parameter of graphene reflector element is obtained using simulation analysis result；It is reflected according to graphene single
The rotation angle building that quartz medium plate upper surface is arranged in the actual size parameter and graphene patch of member is described in three-dimensional
The super surface of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on direction.
Preferably, the rectangular parallelepiped structure that the graphene reflector element is made of three-decker, the graphene patch are
Rectangle, the quartz medium plate and metal floor are a kind of rectangular parallelepiped structure that upper and lower surface is square, the graphite
The upper surface of quartz medium plate, and the folder between the long side of graphene patch and three dimensional space coordinate axis X-axis is arranged in alkene patch
Angle is θ, and the lower surface of quartz medium plate, the central point of graphene patch and the central point of quartz medium plate is arranged in metal floor
It is overlapped.
Preferably, the wave number k in free space0It can be calculated by following formula: k0In=2 π/(c/f) formula, in formula, k0For
Wave number in free space, π=3.14, the light velocity c=3e8, f are the frequency of electromagnetic wave.
Preferably, conductivity of the graphene patch in the low Terahertz frequency range less than 10THz, by band internal conductance rate
σintraIt determines, and is calculated by following formula:
In formula (1), e is unit charge, kBFor Boltzmann constant,It is reduced Planck constant, T is room temperature, Γ
It is graphene scattered power, τ is the relaxation time, and ω is angular frequency, μcFor chemical potential, wherein room temperature T is 300K, chemical potential μc=
0.64eV, relaxation time τ=14.6ps, graphene scattered power take Γ=1/ (2 τ).
Preferably, when reflected phase of the graphene reflector element to two kinds of line polarization waves is 180 yuan poor, the rotation of graphene patch
The reflected phase of 2 θ is realized after gyration θ, the graphene reflector element obtains the rotation of graphene patch according to PB phase method
Angle and the reflected phase relationship of back wave are obtained by following formula:
When a left-hand circular polarization wave is along the upper surface of the direction-z vertical incidence graphene reflector element, incidence wave EinWith
Back wave EreIt indicates are as follows:
WhereinWithIt is phase offset of the incidence wave to x-component and y-component respectively；
After graphene patch rotates θ degree, the relationship between postrotational coordinate x ' y ' z ' and original coordinates xyz is expressed
Are as follows:
?WithUnder conditions of, formula (4) substitutes into formula (3), back wave EreIt indicates are as follows:
Left-hand circular polarization component E is obtained by formula (5)rLHCPWith right-handed circular polarization component ErRHCP:
In above two formula (6) and (7), work as satisfactionWhen,
ErRHCP=0 (9)
Left-hand circular polarization component E is obtained from two formulas (8) and (9)rLHCPIt is retained, amplitude is constant and phase becomes original 2
(e again-j2θ)。
Preferably, the input that the original dimension parameter of the simulation model of the graphene reflector element passes through computer installation
Unit inputs following parameter: the length of the graphene patch is 10um, width 2.9um, and the side length of quartz medium plate is
13.5um, thickness 25um, side length 13.5um, the thickness 0.5um of metal floor.
Preferably, the input original dimension parameter establishes the emulation mould of graphene reflector element into HFSS simulation software
The step of type includes:
According to the simulation model of original dimension parameter building graphene reflector element in HFSS simulation software；
One air chamber is set on the top of black alkene reflector element simulation model, for simulating graphene under vacuum conditions
The electromagnetic response of reflector element；
It establishes two groups of principal and subordinate's boundary conditions of graphene reflector element and is separately positioned on four faces of air chamber, be used to
Simulate infinitely great plane；
In the top of air chamber setting a cycle element excitation port as driving source, for generating vertically downward
Incidence wave；
" De- embedding " is set in the simulation model of graphene reflector element, indicates upper table of the incidence wave from graphene patch
Face starts incidence.
Preferably, the step of actual size parameter that graphene reflector element is obtained using simulation analysis result includes
Following steps: by comparing the expection of simulation analysis result and the super surface of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional
The difference of design performance, constantly the original dimension parameter of the graphene reflector element of adjustment input, until meeting in three-dimensional
After the performance design on the super surface of graphene of upper spin angular momentaum deflection requires, graphite is exported by the output unit of computer installation
The actual size parameter of alkene reflector element.
Preferably, the super surface of graphene of the deflection of the spin angular momentaum on three-dimensional is by 51*51 unit of quantity
Graphene reflector element rearrange, the surface size on the super surface of the graphene is 714um*714um.
Compared to the prior art, the present invention proposes the graphene reflector element of new parameter structure, the graphene reflector element
Reflected phase with 360 ° of gamuts can be corresponded to using the super surface of graphene that the graphene reflector element constructs and is used in too
Hertz frequency range electromagnetic wave, the deflection direction of the spin angular momentaum and back wave that are able to achieve on three-dimensional is controlled, also can
Realize and same polarization conversion realized to any circularly polarised wave, using the super surface of usually golden material compared in the prior art, have
The advantages that structure is simple, and surface loss is small, moderate cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the calculating for realizing the present invention super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional
The block diagram of machine device；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the present invention super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional；
Fig. 3 is the refinement sub-process figure of step S21 in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram for constructing the graphene reflector element on the super surface of graphene；
Fig. 5 is that the angle of graphene reflector element rotates schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the simulation model schematic diagram that graphene reflector element is established using HFSS simulation software；
Fig. 7 is the reflected phase of graphene reflector element and the curve synoptic diagram of reflection amplitudes；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram on the super surface of graphene of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is that the graphene patch on the super surface of graphene of the present invention rotates angle distribution map；
Figure 10 is the top view of all graphene reflector elements distribution in the super surface of graphene；
Figure 11 is the normalization antenna pattern on the super surface of graphene.
The object of the invention is realized, functional characteristics and advantage will will join together in specific embodiment part in conjunction with the embodiments
It is described further according to attached drawing.
Specific embodiment
Further to illustrate the technical means and efficacy of the invention taken to reach above-mentioned purpose, below in conjunction with attached drawing
And preferred embodiment, a specific embodiment of the invention, structure, feature and its effect are described in detail.It should be appreciated that this
Locate described specific embodiment to be only used to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Shown in referring to Fig.1, Fig. 1 is to realize the present invention super surface structure of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional
The block diagram of the computer installation of construction method.In the present embodiment, the spin angular momentaum on three-dimensional deflects
The super surface construction method of graphene is applied in computer installation 10, which includes being suitable for storing a plurality of computer
The memory 101 of program instruction and the processor 102 for executing various computer program instructions, the computer installation 10 further include
Input unit 103 and output unit 104.The memory 101 can be a kind of read only memory ROM, electrically-erasable storage
The storage units such as device EEPROM, flash memory FLASH or solid hard disk.The processor 102 can be a kind of centre
It manages device (Central Processing Unit, CPU), microcontroller (MCU), data processing chip or there is data processing
The message handler of function.The input unit 103 is the input equipment of computer installation 1, such as input keyboard or mouse etc..
The output unit 104 is the output equipment of computer installation 10, such as the equipment such as display or printer.
The present invention proposes a kind of super surface 2 of the graphene of reflection-type, it is by a certain number of 1 (ginsengs of graphene reflector element
Examine Fig. 3) constitute.By calculating the reflected phase needed at the graphene reflector element 1 on each position, and according to this point
The super surface 2 of the graphene that cloth rule constructs, it will be able to electromagnetic wave spin angular momentaum in the two-dimensional direction and deflection direction
It is controlled.
As shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the present invention super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional
Flow chart.In the present embodiment, the super surface construction method of graphene that the spin angular momentaum on three-dimensional deflects
Various method and steps realize that the computer software programs are deposited in the form of computer program instructions by computer software programs
It is stored in computer readable storage medium (such as memory 101 of computer installation 10), storage medium may include: read-only deposits
Reservoir, random access memory, disk or CD etc., the computer program instructions can be by processor (such as computer installations 10
Processor 102) load and execute following steps S21 to step S24.
Step S21 constructs a kind of graphene reflector element 1 for the spin angular momentaum deflection on three-dimensional.This hair
It is bright to propose a kind of graphene reflector element 1, by combining Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase method, make each unit
Meet the condition for being 180 to the phase difference of x polarized wave and y polarized wave, when a left or right rotation circularly polarised wave vertical drive is set
When the super surface of meter, which can enable the wave beam with SAM deflect to the direction of any desired.Refering to what is shown in Fig. 3,
Fig. 3 is the refinement sub-process figure of step S21 in Fig. 2.In the present embodiment, the step S21 for constructing graphene reflector element is specific
Include the following steps S211 to step S217.
Step S211 determines the up of three-layer structure of graphene reflector element.Refering to what is shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 4 is that the present invention is used for
Construct the structural schematic diagram of the graphene reflector element on the super surface of graphene.In the present embodiment, the graphene reflector element 1
The rectangular parallelepiped structure being made of three-decker, the quartz medium plate 12 of graphene patch 11, middle layer including top layer and
The metal floor 13 of bottom.The graphene patch 11 is arranged in the upper surface of quartz medium plate 12, and graphene patch 11
Angle between long side and three dimensional space coordinate axis X-axis is θ, and the lower surface of quartz medium plate 12 is arranged in metal floor 13.Its
In, θ is any angle within the scope of -90 °~90 °.The central point of graphene patch 11 is overlapped with the central point of quartz medium plate 12,
The angle theta (subsequent appellation rotation angle, θ) that 12 upper surface of quartz medium plate is arranged in graphene patch 11 is all in this
Heart point carry out rotary at.As a preferred embodiment, the actual size parameter of the graphene reflector element 1 is as follows: graphite
Alkene patch 11 is rectangle, and the length a of the graphene patch 11 is 13.39um, width b is 3.2um；Quartz medium plate 12 is one kind
The rectangular parallelepiped structure that upper and lower surface is square, the side length s of the quartz medium plate 12 is 14um, thickness h 26um；Metal
Plate 13 is a kind of rectangular parallelepiped structure that upper and lower surface is square, and the side length s of the metal floor 13 is 14um, with a thickness of 1um,
Metal floor 13 is metallic copper.
Step S212 calculates the conductivity of graphene patch 11.Since the different conductivity of graphene will have a direct impact on instead
Phase is penetrated, therefore, needs to consider the conductivity of graphene patch 11 in design.The conductivity of graphene is by band internal conductance rate
σintraWith interband conductivityσinterTo characterize.When graphene (is less than 10THz) in low Terahertz frequency range, negligible interband is electric
Conductance σinterInfluence, conductivity mainly by band internal conductance rate σintraIt determines, and can be calculated by following formula:
Here e is unit charge (1.6e-19 (c)), kBFor Boltzmann constant (1.38e-23 (J/K)),It is that reduction is general
Bright gram of constant is worth for 1.05e-34 (Js), and reduced Planck constant here is h/ (2*3.14)=1.05e-34Js, T
It is room temperature, Γ is graphene scattered power, and τ is the relaxation time, and ω is angular frequency, μcFor chemical potential.In the design, room temperature T is selected
For 300K, chemical potential μc=0.64eV, relaxation time τ=14.6ps, graphene scattered power take Γ=1/ (2 τ).
Step S213 calculates the rotation angle that 12 upper surface of quartz medium plate is arranged in graphene patch 11 using PB phase method
Degree, and then the wave beam with SAM can be deflected to the direction of any desired.The graphene reflector element 1 has certain
The reflected phase of range, but the wave beam with SAM can be deflected to the direction of any desired to realize, it is necessary in conjunction with
Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase method revolves the graphene patch 11 of graphene reflector element 1 according to certain rule
Turn.The advantage of PB phase method is, when poor 180 line of reflected phase of the graphene reflector element 1 to two kinds of line polarization waves, graphite
After alkene patch 11 rotates angle, θ, the reflected phase of 2 θ can be realized.Graphene reflector element 1 is rotated according to PB phase method
Angle and the reflected phase relationship of its back wave can be illustrated by the following derivation of equation.
When left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) wave is along the upper surface of the direction-z vertical incidence graphene reflector element 1, enter
Ejected wave EinWith back wave EreIt can indicate are as follows:
HereWithIt is phase offset of the incidence wave to x-component and y-component respectively.
As shown in figure 5, the angle that Fig. 5 is graphene reflector element rotates schematic diagram.When graphene patch 11 is by Fig. 5
(a) position (b) in Fig. 4, the relationship between postrotational coordinate x ' y ' z ' and original coordinates xyz are obtained after position rotation θ degree
It can be represented as:
?WithUnder conditions of, formula (4) is brought into formula (3), back wave EreIt will indicate are as follows:
By formula (5), available left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) component ErLHCPWith right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) component
ErRHCP:
In above two formula (6) and (7), work as satisfactionWhen,
ErRHCP=0 (9)
As can be seen that left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) component E from two formulas (8) and (9)rLHCPIt is retained, amplitude is constant and phase
Position becomes 2 times of original (e-j2θ), if therefore turned out want realize 2 θ reflected phase, it is only necessary to rotating θ degree can be achieved with
Required reflected phase.
Step S214, input original dimension parameter establish the emulation mould of graphene reflector element 1 into HFSS simulation software
Type；The present embodiment can establish the simulation model of graphene reflector element 1 in HFSS simulation software, according to it is above it is theoretical according to
According to inputting the initial ruler for establishing the simulation model of graphene reflector element 1 by the input unit 103 of computer installation 10
Very little parameter: the length of graphene patch 11 is 10um, width 2.9um, and the side length of quartz medium plate is 13.5um, thickness
25um, side length 13.5um, the thickness 0.5um of metal floor.As shown in fig. 6, Fig. 6 is to establish graphene using HFSS simulation software
The simulation model schematic diagram of reflector element 1.In the present embodiment, the imitative of graphene reflector element is established using HFSS simulation software
The step of true mode includes: in HFSS simulation software according to the emulation mould of original dimension parameter building graphene reflector element 1
Type；As soon as being air in the top setting region of the simulation model of graphene reflector element, this region is called air chamber, uses
In the electromagnetic response for simulating graphene reflector element 1 under vacuum conditions.In design of Simulation, two groups of principal and subordinate boundary (Fig. 6 are established
In main boundary 1, main boundary 2, and from boundary 1, from boundary 2) condition be separately positioned on air chamber four faces on, be used to mould
Intend infinitely great plane, in the top of air chamber setting a cycle element excitation port (port Floquet) as excitation
" De- embedding " is arranged in simulation model for generating incidence wave vertically downward in source, indicates incidence wave from graphene patch 11
Upper surface start incidence.
Step S215 carries out Electromagnetic Simulation to the simulation model of graphene reflector element and analyzes to obtain simulation analysis result.
As shown in fig. 7, Fig. 7 is the reflected phase of graphene reflector element and the curve synoptic diagram of reflection amplitudes.In the present embodiment, sharp
Electromagnetic Simulation is carried out in HFSS simulation software with the simulation model of above-mentioned graphene reflector element 1, and it is anti-can to obtain graphene
The electromagnetic response of unit 1, the i.e. simulation curve of the reflected phase and reflection amplitudes of incidence wave are penetrated, as shown in fig. 7, polarizing for x
The reflected phase curve of wave and reflected phase curve to y polarized wave, with about 180 tools in 1.36~1.62THz frequency range
Phase difference, meet PB phase unit rotation necessary condition.As the rectangular element (rectangular graphene patch 11) in Fig. 5 refers to
It is PB phase unit, as long as rectangular element, which meets, meets about 180 kinds to the phase difference of x polarization and y two kinds of waves of polarization, can uses
PB phase rotation method obtains phase.Meanwhile the reflection amplitudes curve for x polarized wave and the reflection amplitudes to y polarized wave
Curve, the range value in this frequency range is larger (being all larger than -0.3dB), can guarantee the amplitude of sufficiently large back wave.
Step S216 exports graphene reflector element using the simulation analysis result of the simulation model of graphene reflector element
1 actual size parameter.In the present embodiment, by comparing the simulation analysis result in S215 and applied to Terahertz frequency range
The difference of the desired design performance of the graphene reflector element of (1.36~1.62THz) constantly adjusts graphene reflector element 1
Dimensional parameters are inputted, until satisfaction is used to generate the pre- of the graphene reflector element 1 that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional
After phase design performance requires, it can be just accurately determined every actual size parameter of graphene reflector element 1, and by computer
The output unit 104 of device 10 exports, and every actual size parameter is as follows: the length a of graphene patch 11 is 13.39um, width
Degree b is 3.2um；The side length s of quartz medium plate 12 is 14um, thickness h 26um；The side length s of metal floor 13 is 14um, thickness
For 1um.The desired design performance includes single for generating the graphene reflection that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional
The electromagnetic response performance of member 1, i.e., incidence wave is in indexs such as the reflected phases and reflection amplitudes being incident on graphene reflector element 1
Performance.
Step S217 is arranged according to the actual size parameter and graphene patch 11 of graphene reflector element 1 in quartz
The rotation angle of 12 upper surface of dielectric-slab constructs graphene reflector element 1 as shown in Figure 4.In this example, the graphite
The actual size parameter of alkene reflector element 1 includes above-mentioned output graphene patch 11, quartz medium plate 12 and metal floor 13
Every actual size parameter.The rectangular parallelepiped structure that the graphene reflector element 1 is made of three-decker, the stone including top layer
The metal floor 13 of black alkene patch 11, the quartz medium plate 12 of middle layer and bottom.The graphene patch 11 is arranged in stone
Angle between the upper surface of English dielectric-slab 12 and the long side of graphene patch 11 and 3-D walls and floor X-axis is θ, the metal
The lower surface of quartz medium plate 12, the central point of the graphene patch 11 and the central point of quartz medium plate 12 is arranged in plate 13
It is overlapped.
Referring again to shown in Fig. 3, step S22, from input unit 103 input the super surface 2 of graphene to be built needed for stone
The arrangement position of the quantity of black alkene reflector element 1 and all black alkene reflector elements 1；Refering to what is shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 8 is super for graphene
The schematic perspective view on surface 2.In order to construct the super surface 2 of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional,
This example provides a kind of super surface 2 of graphene that the graphene reflector element 1 by 51*51 unit of quantity rearranges, should
The surface size on the super surface 2 of graphene is 714um*714um, working frequency f=1.5THz, when a left-hand circular polarization wave is vertical
When being incident on the super surface 2 of the graphene, the angle of projection in the two-dimensional direction and X-axis is capable of on the super surface 2 of the graphene
45 ° of position and on three-dimensional with electromagnetic wave that an identical polarization mode is reflected on 45 ° of the angle of Z axis of direction.Therefore,
This example inputs the arrangement building of the graphene reflector element 1 super surface 2 of graphene of 51*51 unit of quantity from input unit 103,
The abscissa positions of the arrangement position of each graphene reflector element 1 and ordinate position are indicated with x and y.
Step S23 calculates the phase distribution at each position in the super surface 2 of graphene to be built to determine composition graphene
The rotation angle, θ of graphene patch 11 on each graphene unit 1 on super surface 2.Constructing basic graphene unit 1
Afterwards, it is distributed by calculating the reflected phase at each position in the super surface 2 of graphene to be built, constitutes the super table of graphene to determine
On face 2 on each graphene unit 1 graphene patch 11 rotation angle, θ.Caused by the specific foundation super surface 2 of graphene
The position of the angle and each graphene reflector element 1 of the projection in the two-dimensional direction of the frequency of electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic wave and X-axis
Coordinate determines the reflected phase of each graphene reflector element 1.
And the reflected phase distribution at each position in the super surface 2 of graphene to be built can be calculated by following formula:
Φ (x, y)=Φ0(x,y)-k0Sin θ ' (xcos γ+ysin γ), wherein θ=Φ (x, y)/2； (10)
Φ (x, y) is the reflected phase of graphene reflector element, k in (10) formula0For the wave number in free space, Φ0
(x, y) is the initial phase of graphene reflector element, and θ ' is the angle of electromagnetic wave projection in the two-dimensional direction and X-axis, x and y
Abscissa, ordinate in the position coordinates of respectively each graphene reflector element, θ are each graphene patch in graphene
Rotation angle on unit, γ be electromagnetic wave on three-dimensional with the angle of Z axis.
Wherein, the wave number k in free space0It can be calculated by following formula:
k0=2 π/(c/f) (11)
In formula, in formula, k0For the wave number in free space, π=3.14, the light velocity c=3e8, f are the frequency of electromagnetic wave
Rate.
Step S24, according to the arrangement position of all graphene units 1 on the super surface 2 of graphene to be built by all stones
Black alkene unit 1 is combined into the super surface 2 of graphene.In the present embodiment, each position in the super surface 2 of graphene is found out using formula (10)
Set the phase distribution at place.
According to formula (10), the reflected phase Distribution Value of super 2 position of surface of entire graphene has been obtained, and for
Each reflected phase value, according to PB phase principle, it is only necessary to by the graphite of the composition graphene reflector element 1 at this position
Alkene patch 11 rotates the half angle of the reflected phase at corresponding position, it will be able to realize required reflected phase.Such as Fig. 9
Shown, Fig. 9 is that the graphene patch on the super surface 1 of graphene rotates angle distribution map, is indicated everywhere using greyish white intensity map
Required rotation angle.Finally, the graphene reflector element 1 that the graphene patch 11 of each position different rotation angle is constituted
It combines, the super surface 2 of graphene that can generate that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional is formed, such as Figure 10 institute
Show, Figure 10 is the top view of all graphene reflector elements 1 distribution in the super surface 2 of graphene.
It can be realized the conversion of the same polarization to incident circular polarisation electromagnetic wave to verify the super surface, it is super to this graphene
Surface carries out Electromagnetic Simulation, and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) wave is arranged and makees vertical incidence as input source, is incident on the super table
On face, its normalization antenna pattern is observed.As shown in figure 11, Figure 11 is the normalization radiation direction on the super surface of graphene
Figure.On three-dimensional and on 45 degree of the angle of Z axis of observation position, it is -90 ° -90 ° that graphene patch, which rotates angle, θ value,
In range, there is a maximum peak at the position of the angle 45 of the projection in the two-dimensional direction of the LHCP component of back wave and X-axis
Value, illustrate to produce LHCP wave in this direction, it was demonstrated that the correctness designed.
The present invention constructs a kind of graphene reflector element 1 of new parameter structure, utilizes this 1 structure of graphene reflector element
The super surface 2 of the graphene built can generate the electromagnetic wave of specified spin mode on desired three-dimensional, so as to accurate
Spin angular momentaum of the electromagnetic wave on three-dimensional and deflection direction are controlled.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps of various methods can pass through in above embodiment
Relative program instruction is completed, which can store in computer readable storage medium, and storage medium may include: read-only deposits
Reservoir, random access memory, disk or CD etc..
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content or equivalent function transformation, are applied directly or indirectly in other relevant skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of super surface construction method of graphene of the deflection of the spin angular momentaum on three-dimensional, is applied to computer installation
In, which is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
A graphene reflector element is constructed, which includes the stone of the graphene patch of top layer, middle layer
The metal floor of English dielectric-slab and bottom, the upper surface of quartz medium plate is arranged in the graphene patch, and graphene pastes
Rotation angle between the long side and three dimensional space coordinate axis X-axis of piece is θ, and the following table of quartz medium plate is arranged in metal floor
Face, wherein rotation angle, θ is any angle within the scope of -90 °~90 °；
The quantity of graphene reflector element needed for inputting the super surface of graphene to be built and all black alkene reflector elements
Arrangement position；
The phase distribution at each position in the super surface of graphene to be built is calculated to determine and constitute each of super surface of graphene
The rotation angle, θ of graphene patch on graphene unit, the reflection phase at each position in the super surface of graphene to be built
Bit distribution is calculated by following formula:
Φ (x, y)=Φ0(x,y)-k0Sin θ ' (xcos γ+ysin γ), wherein θ=Φ (x, y)/2
In formula, Φ (x, y) is the reflected phase of graphene reflector element, k0For the wave number in free space, Φ0(x, y) is graphite
The initial phase of alkene reflector element, θ ' are the angle of electromagnetic wave projection in the two-dimensional direction and X-axis, and x and y are respectively each stone
Abscissa, ordinate in the position coordinates of black alkene reflector element, θ are rotation of each graphene patch on graphene unit
Angle, γ be electromagnetic wave on three-dimensional with the angle of Z axis；
All graphene units are combined into according to the arrangement position of all graphene units on the super surface of graphene to be built
The super surface of graphene.
2. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as described in claim 1, special
Sign is that the building one includes following tool in the step of graphene reflector element that spin angular momentaum on three-dimensional deflects
Body step:
Determine the up of three-layer structure of graphene reflector element；
Calculate the conductivity of graphene patch；
The rotation angle that quartz medium plate upper surface is arranged in graphene patch is calculated using PB phase method；
Input original dimension parameter establishes the simulation model of graphene reflector element into HFSS simulation software；
Simulation analysis is carried out to the simulation model of graphene reflector element and obtains simulation analysis result；
The actual size parameter of graphene reflector element is obtained using simulation analysis result；
The rotation of quartz medium plate upper surface is set according to the actual size parameter and graphene patch of graphene reflector element
The gyration building super surface of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional.
3. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as claimed in claim 2, special
Sign is that the rectangular parallelepiped structure that the graphene reflector element is made of three-decker, the graphene patch is rectangle, described
Quartz medium plate and metal floor are a kind of rectangular parallelepiped structure that upper and lower surface is square, in the graphene patch
Heart point is overlapped with the central point of quartz medium plate.
4. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, the wave number k in free space0It can be calculated by following formula:
k0=2 π/(c/f)
In formula, k0For the wave number in free space, π=3.14, the light velocity c=3e8, f are the frequency of electromagnetic wave.
5. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as claimed in claim 2, special
Sign is that conductivity of the graphene patch in the low Terahertz frequency range less than 10THz is by band internal conductance rate σintraIt determines,
And it is calculated by following formula:
In formula (1), e is unit charge, kBFor Boltzmann constant,It is reduced Planck constant, T is room temperature, and Γ is stone
Black alkene scattered power, τ are the relaxation times, and ω is angular frequency, μcFor chemical potential, wherein room temperature T is 300K, chemical potential μc=0.64eV,
Relaxation time τ=14.6ps, graphene scattered power take Γ=1/ (2 τ).
6. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as claimed in claim 2, special
Sign is, when reflected phase of the graphene reflector element to two kinds of line polarization waves is 180 yuan poor, graphene patch rotates angle, θ
Realize the reflected phase of 2 θ afterwards, the graphene reflector element obtains the rotation angle of graphene patch and anti-according to PB phase method
The reflected phase relationship of ejected wave is obtained by following formula:
When a left-hand circular polarization wave is along the upper surface of the direction-z vertical incidence graphene reflector element, incidence wave EinAnd reflection
Wave EreIt indicates are as follows:
WhereinWithIt is phase offset of the incidence wave to x-component and y-component respectively；
After graphene patch rotates θ degree, the relationship between postrotational coordinate x ' y ' z ' and original coordinates xyz is represented as:
?WithUnder conditions of, formula (4) substitutes into formula (3), back wave EreIt indicates are as follows:
Left-hand circular polarization component E is obtained by formula (5)rLHCPWith right-handed circular polarization component ErRHCP:
In above two formula (6) and (7), work as satisfactionWhen,
ErRHCP=0 (9)
Left-hand circular polarization component E is obtained from two formulas (8) and (9)rLHCPIt is retained, amplitude is constant and phase becomes 2 times of original (e-j2θ)。
7. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as claimed in claim 2, special
Sign is that the original dimension parameter of the simulation model of the graphene reflector element is inputted by the input unit of computer installation
Following parameter: the length of the graphene patch is 10um, width 2.9um, and the side length of quartz medium plate is 13.5um, thickness
25um, side length 13.5um, the thickness 0.5um of metal floor.
8. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as claimed in claim 7, special
The step of sign is, the input original dimension parameter establishes the simulation model of graphene reflector element into HFSS simulation software
Include:
According to the simulation model of original dimension parameter building graphene reflector element in HFSS simulation software；
One air chamber is set on the top of black alkene reflector element simulation model, is reflected for simulating graphene under vacuum conditions
The electromagnetic response of unit；
It establishes two groups of principal and subordinate's boundary conditions of graphene reflector element and is separately positioned on four faces of air chamber, for simulating
Infinitely great plane；
In the top of air chamber setting a cycle element excitation port as driving source, for generating incidence vertically downward
Wave；
" De- embedding " is set in the simulation model of graphene reflector element, indicates that incidence wave is opened from the upper surface of graphene patch
Begin incident.
9. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as claimed in claim 2, special
The step of sign is, the actual size parameter that graphene reflector element is obtained using simulation analysis result includes following step
It is rapid: by comparing the desired design of simulation analysis result and the super surface of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional
The difference of energy, constantly the original dimension parameter of the graphene reflector element of adjustment input, spin on three-dimensional until meeting
After the performance design on the super surface of graphene of angular momentum deflection requires, by the output unit output graphene reflection of computer installation
The actual size parameter of unit.
10. the super surface construction method of graphene that spin angular momentaum deflects on three-dimensional as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, the super surface of graphene of the deflection of the spin angular momentaum on three-dimensional by 51*51 unit of quantity graphene
Reflector element rearranges, and the surface size on the super surface of the graphene is 714um*714um.
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| CN111175862B (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-10-08 | 重庆大学 | Full-medium flat field scanning super-resolution planar lens |
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