CN110119266A - A kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers - Google Patents
A kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers, GIS server is compatible with Apache or Tomcat Resin network server, issues geographic map information data, allows user be updated, delete to data, insertion operation；When GIS Client browse map, buffer service will intercept the data call of browsing map and return to what inquiry had been cached, complete map view, when inquiry not then, the requested tile of spatial database in-time generatin is called, so that improving map shows speed, realizes better user experience；Spatial database is by extension Object-Relation Database system with management space map datum；GIS client provides map view function, and realizes browsing without refreshing for the map page using Ajax technology；Support multiple data sources, map datum, Google, OSM Map Services data including generation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the WebGIS applicating developing technology frames based on OpenLayers, belong to network communication field.
Background technique
WebGIS is to combine Web technology and GIS technology, using in a network environment a kind of storage, processing and point
Analyse the computer system of geography information.In recent years, with the continuous propulsion of informatization, GIS Web service gradually to
Diversification, stratification development, government department, enterprises and institutions and society deepen continuously to the application of geography information, over the ground
Reason service of information network proposes new requirement, and the demand to the professional GIS Web service of lightweight is gradually increased, such as " clothes
Personalization of business form, the diversification of service content " etc..
GIS-Geographic Information System is extended and improved using Web technology, using Web Publishing spatial data, provides sky for user
Between browsing data, inquiry and the function of analysis.PostgreSQL database supports various Function Extensions, and PostGIS is it in sky
Between extension in data, GML data storage support is provided, spatial data management, takeoff and geometry topology point are able to carry out
Analysis etc..PostGIS supports most of SQL standard, all Spatial data types is supported, such as point, line, rectangular, round, polygon
Equal geometric types set.OpenLayers component can satisfy multi-source data to multisource data fusion mode and be served by, and pass through
Map OCX loads the map layer instantiated, and the final loaded and displayed for realizing remote sensing image data and vector data has
Data hierarchy manages the function of Layering manifestation, has the function of the basic map operations such as amplification, diminution, translation, is based on open GIS
Building universal WebGIS system can satisfy general WebGIS system information publication, browsing, inquiry etc. functions.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the invention solves the problems, such as: the present invention in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, passes through the geographical information network of analysis
The basic composition of service, proposes a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers, is based on unified and open mark
Quasi- lightweight profession GIS Web service platform promotes the optimization of GIS Web service solution and perfect,
Geographical information platform can be fast and efficiently built, and energy is dexterous, easily develops professional application, be WebGIS map application
Project provides a kind of completely new solution.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers, including GIS
Server GeoServer, buffer service GeoWebCache, spatial database PostGIS, GIS client OpenLayers,
In:
GIS server GeoServer, compatible with Apache or Tomcat Resin network server, publication is geographical
Map information data allows user be updated, delete to data, insertion operation；
Buffer service GeoWebCache, when GIS client OpenLayers browses map, buffer service
GeoWebCache will intercept the data call of browsing map and return to the tile Tiles for inquiring and being cached, and it is clear to complete map
It lookes at, when inquiring not then, calls the requested Tiles of spatial database PostGIS in-time generatin, to improve map displaying
Speed realizes better user experience；
Spatial database PostGIS, by extension Object-Relation Database system PostgreSQL to manage sky
Between map datum；
GIS client OpenLayers provides map view function, and realizes the brushless of the map page using Ajax technology
New browsing；Support multiple data sources, map datum, Google, OSM Map Services data including generation.
The spatial database PostGIS is bottom data layer；GIS server GeoServer, buffer service
GeoWebCache is positioned at intermediate application program layer；GIS client OpenLayers is upper-layer user's layer, wherein bottom number
It is interacted with intermediate application program layer by JDBC/ODBC according to layer, application layer and client are passed through using XML/JSON
HTTP carries out data interaction.
The GIS client OpenLayers further includes a variety of expander tools, is extracted, the attribute number of edit map element
According to and vector data.
The GIS server GeoServer includes the spatial map data of figure, image mode, and user passes through operation
Web page calls OpenLayers APIs to send request to GIS server GeoServer and interacts operation, to spatially
Diagram data carries out query analysis.
In the GIS server GeoServer, when clicking certain region on map, show picture in the region or
Other relevant informations；When input inquiry condition, relevant range is shown with different color on map according to query result.
The GIS server GeoServer supports the storage of PostGIS, Shapefile, ArcSDE data；It can be by net
The output of network map is jpeg, png, KML, GML format；It can operate in any based on J2EE/Servlet container.
The spatial database PostGIS provides two kinds of graphical interfaces, order line spatial data lead-in modes.
Map is cut into tile by the buffer service GeoWebCache, and GIS client OpenLayers calls ground
The tile data in caching can be directly read when diagram data.
The GIS client OpenLayers calls WMS and tile, vector in the browse request page respectively
Data simultaneously convert the request into corresponding URL.
A kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology framework implementation method based on OpenLayers, includes the following steps:
(1) configuration space database PostGIS, including PostGIS support geodata type, database to geodata
The reading language and crossover tool of type；
(2) GIS server GeoServer is configured, including server configuration and the addition of data publication；
(3) GIS client OpenLayers page program, including OpenLayers component, map view component are realized,
In, OpenLayers component support GML, JSON, KML data format, support WMS, WFS, GoogleMap,
MSVirtualEarth data source has the function of to scale Zoom, dragging Pan function；Map view component includes initialization Map
Class, the control of addition figure layer, Map OCX, it is specified that map projection, unit, level of zoom and indication range, load local tile
Data, and customization tile is supported to cut and be classified, WMS service is called, server end figure layer data are added
The invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
The present invention is by client component OpenLayers and map server GeoServer, using layering and modularization
Design philosophy, system framework is divided into three layers, four modules, the terminal positional information that acquisition gateway station reports, and by these
Information data is stored in spatial database, and the human-computer interaction of map datum is realized by operating database, draws terminal and moves rail
Mark, in Web page real-time display, the inventive method is easy to realize compared with prior art, for later domestic open source network
The function of figure service, which is realized, proposes a frame reference.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is WebGIS function implementation flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Open source GIS software has strong open source, free or low expense, customizability, interoperability manipulation and portable
Characteristics, the present invention such as property are inquired into and are studied with function to the WebGIS system architecture based on open source GIS software, propose with
PostGIS is spatial data management carrier, and Geosever is publication of spatial data server, and OpenLayers is spatial information
Show three layers of classics WebGIS solution of component, and based on this scheme constructs one universal WebGIS system.It grinds
Study carefully show the system can satisfy general WebGIS system information publication, browsing, inquiry etc. functions, be suitable for it is middle-size and small-size
The exploitation of WebGIS project.
It is as shown in Figure 1 WebGIS function implementation flow chart of the invention, the present invention is a kind of based on open source WebGIS software
Applicating developing technology method, provide the implementation method of the Map Service of Network of high performance-price ratio, this Map service system uses
General three-tier architecture, bottom data layer provides data service, with database (PostGIS/PostgreSQL) and file mode
Tissue；Application layer is located at middle layer, provides map (GeoServer) and buffer service (GeoWebCache)；Top layer is
Client layer is realized using the technology that OpenLayers provides Map Service of Network for user.Wherein, database and application layer
It is interacted by JDBC/ODBC；Application layer carries out data interaction by HTTP using XML/JSON with client.Tool
For body, which includes following open source component:
(1) data store
PostGIS provides storage, read-write and spatial analysis functions to massive spatial data, largely mentions
The access speed of high client, while assigning client powerful spatial analysis capacity；Spatial object, Spatial Cable are provided simultaneously
Draw, the spatial Information Services function such as spatial operation function.
(2) Map Services
GeoServer, be OpenGIS Web server specification J2EE realize, provide publication Map Services (such as WMS,
WFS etc.), the operations such as permission user is updated characteristic, deletes, being inserted into.GeoServer support PostGIS,
The storage of the data such as Shapefile, ArcSDE；Support hundreds of projection；Network map can be exported for jpeg, png, KML,
The formats such as GML；It can operate in any based on J2EE/Servlet container.
(3) tile caches
GeoWebCache, caching map slice, improves client-access speed；
(4) client component
OpenLayers provides the operation such as browsing, retrieval of map.
The key technology and implementation method that the present invention designs are as follows:
1.GeoWebCache
GeoWebCache is one and is realized using Java, for caching WMS (Web Map Service) map tile
Open source projects.When map applications client requests a new map, GeoWebCache will intercept these and call then return
The tile (Tiles) being cached.If can not find the Tiles that caching recalls the request of map server in-time generatin, to mention
The speed that high map is shown, realizes better user experience.
2.OpenLayers
OpenLayers is developed using the JavaScript mode of pure object-oriented, on the browser of current mainstream
It can operate normally, realize browsing without refreshing for the map page using Ajax technology.In addition to general map view function is provided,
Different from general Map Service of Network (such as Google Map), OpenLayers also supports multiple data sources, i.e., not only can be with
Show that the map datum (such as GeoServer, Mapserver) that user oneself generates can also take Google and the map of Microsoft
Business is tied in the Map Services of oneself.In addition, OpenLayers additionally provides multiple types of tools, for extracting map in client
The functions such as the on-screen editing of the attribute data of element and map vector data.
1) load of map datum
There are many map datum type that OpenLayers is supported, such as load WMS, map tile and VectorLayer etc.,
In mainly use Map class, Layer class and addLayer method in OpenLayers, will in the browse request page
WMS and tile, vector data are called respectively and convert the request into corresponding URL.
2) query function is realized
For WebGIS system in addition to realizing such as map publishing, scaling, translation basic function, most important function is exactly to inquire
Function, in the map page when clicking terminal icon, interface will pop up terminal attribute frame and carry out displaying terminal current device information.It is real
Existing process is: after user operates on map, the shell script on browser obtains the operational order and sends out to server
Inquiry request is sent, server parses inquiry request, calls space query module to complete inquiry with respective operations parameter, will inquire
To geographic element be converted to KML format return browser；Place name keyword and retrieval in the attribute of server parsing simultaneously close
The fields such as keyword call the correlation method of resource retrieval interface to complete retrieval, and retrieval set are returned to browser.
The present invention builds spatial information integrated management and processing platform according to hierarchical design principle, to be comprehensive using each
Class resource provides data and the service such as store, organizes, distributing, retrieving and processing, it is established that geospatial information processing with believe
Cease Services Integration environment.
The realization step of Framework design:
(1) spatial database configures
1) support of the database to geographical data type
PostGIS supports geodata type (Geography Type), and this data type directly supports geodetic coordinates
(geodetic coordinates), i.e. longitude and latitude；This data type also supports WGS84 (SRID (Spatial
Reference system): 4326) latitude and longitude coordinates.
2) reading of the database to geographical data type
There are many data format that existing GIS software generates, and PostGIS provides the reading that various ways support data.
A) PSQL language
Psql language is an embedded command-line tool of PostgreSQL, and grammer is substantially with the SQL syntax of standard
Unanimously, the extension of the SQL syntax of combined standard and some PostGIS are written and read PostGIS database.
B) crossover tool is used
The Data Format Transform tool of PostGIS has osm2pgsql, shp2pgsql etc. in map datum and PostGIS number
It is converted according between library.
(2) map server configures
1) configuration of GeoServer and the addition of data and publication
After GeoServer service starting, inputting http://localhost:8080/geoser ver/ in a browser is
Register interface will complete the publication of data, need to carry out the configuration in terms of following four.
Server: setting server info and contact details, information on services include: maximum geographic element number limitation, whether
Show that detailed exception information, numerical accuracy, speech encoding, log are related；Contact details include: organization, address, correspondent party
Formula etc..
WFS: setting WFS relevant information, comprising: whether enable WFS service, service level (basic service, affairs processing layer
Secondary, full service) and WFS server description information and Test Suites use.
WMS: set content includes, if enables WMS service, description information, SVG graphical representation form.
Data: data configuration has four partial contents: name space, data, factor kind, pattern.GeoServer default can
The data of reading have several formats such as PostGIS, shapefile, can be by inserting to the support of the formats such as ArcSDE, KML, GML
Part is realized.
(3) customer terminal webpage programs
1) OpenLayers component
OpenLayers supports a variety of data formats such as GML, JSON, KML, and support WMS, WFS, GoogleMap,
The multiple data sources such as MSVirtualEarth.Openlayers not only has the function of basic scaling (Zoom), dragging (Pan),
It may call upon the initialization that openlayers.layer subclass completes figure layer；After creating figure layer, it may call upon
Openlayers provide openlayers.control class be map add some human-computer interaction functions toolbar or
" button ".
2) map view
Client map view mainly includes the operations such as map datum load, map scaling, translation.Mainly use wherein
Map class, Layer class and Control class.
Firstly, initialization Map class, addition figure layer control, Map OCX etc. are, it is specified that the projection of map, unit, level of zoom
With indication range etc..
Secondly, local tile number is loaded by the GetURL method for rewriting TMS figure layer in OpenLayers with can be convenient
According to, and customization tile is supported to cut and hierarchy plan.
Finally, calling WMS service, server end figure layer data are added.
In conclusion a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers of the present invention, it is characterised in that
Structure is implemented, comprising following aspects:
(1) GIS server (Tomcat+GeoServer): GeoServer as Map Services application module, can be with
Apache/Tomcat network server is mutually compatible with, and use can be loaded in Web server；It can be convenient using GeoServer
Geographic information data is issued on ground, is allowed user inquire characteristic, update, deleting etc. and is operated；Many kinds are supported simultaneously
The business of standard, open source geographic information database.
(2) buffer service (GeoWebCache): when map client request one opens new map, GeoWebCache will
It intercepts these and calls the tile (Tiles) that then return cache is crossed.It is given birth to immediately if can not find caching and recall map server
At the requested Tiles of client, to improve the speed of map displaying, better user experience is realized.
(3) spatial database (PostGIS): PostGIS be Object-Relation Database system PostgreSQL expansion
Exhibition, be used to management space map datum, the management of spatial data is combined together with common database system, spatial data press pair
As access, spatial operation and processing can be realized in database kernel.
(4) GIS client (OpenLayers): realize that data service is shown in browser end based on OpenLayers, industry
Information of being engaged in and spatial information integration show.Map view function is provided, can be operated normally on the browser of current mainstream, and
Browsing without refreshing for the map page is realized using Ajax technology.OpenLayers also supports multiple data sources, can both show certainly
The Map Services such as Google, OSM, can also be tied in the Map Services of oneself by the map datum that oneself generates.In addition,
OpenLayers additionally provides a variety of expander tools, for extracting the attribute data of map elements and editor's function of vector data
Energy.
For the invention design framework, the realization technical method of the WebGIS function is had the following characteristics that
(1) design philosophy of software hierarchy and program modularity is used, system structure is clear, convenient for extension and optimization.
(2) GIS server increases map tile caching mechanism (GeoWebCache), provides the data buffering of a high speed
The speed that map is shown is improved in region.
(3) client component increases Ajax module, can mitigate the burden of server by it, promote the performance of website,
Updating web reduces the waiting time, realizes better user experience.On the other hand, Ajax makes web interface and application point
From data are separated with presentation, are conducive to share out the work and help one another, be improved efficiency.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the well-known technique of those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers, it is characterised in that including GIS server
GeoServer, buffer service GeoWebCache, spatial database PostGIS, GIS client OpenLayers, in which:
GIS server GeoServer, it is compatible with Apache or Tomcat Resin network server, issue geographical map
Information data allows user be updated, delete to data, insertion operation；
Buffer service GeoWebCache, when GIS client OpenLayers browses map, buffer service GeoWebCache will
The data call for intercepting browsing map simultaneously returns to the tile Tiles that has been cached of inquiry, completes map view, when inquiry less than
When, the requested Tiles of spatial database PostGIS in-time generatin is called, so that improving map shows speed, is realized better
User experience；
Spatial database PostGIS, by extension Object-Relation Database system PostgreSQL with management space map
Data；
GIS client OpenLayers provides map view function, and realizes the clear without refreshing of the map page using Ajax technology
It lookes at；Support multiple data sources, map datum, Google, OSM Map Services data including generation.
2. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers according to claim 1, feature exist
In: the spatial database PostGIS is bottom data layer；GIS server GeoServer, buffer service GeoWebCache
For positioned at intermediate application program layer；GIS client OpenLayers is upper-layer user's layer, wherein bottom data layer and centre are answered
It is interacted with program layer by JDBC/ODBC, application layer carries out data by HTTP using XML/JSON with client
Interaction.
3. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers according to claim 1 or 2, feature
Be: the GIS client OpenLayers further includes a variety of expander tools, is extracted, the attribute data of edit map element
And vector data.
4. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers according to claim 3, feature exist
In: the GIS server GeoServer includes the spatial map data of figure, image mode, and user passes through operation Web page
Face calls OpenLayers APIs to send request to GIS server GeoServer and interacts operation, to spatial map data
Carry out query analysis.
5. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers according to claim 4, feature exist
In: in the GIS server GeoServer, when clicking certain region on map, show the picture in the region or other phases
Close information；When input inquiry condition, relevant range is shown with different color on map according to query result.
6. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers according to claim 5, feature exist
In: the GIS server GeoServer supports the storage of PostGIS, Shapefile, ArcSDE data；It can by network
Figure output is jpeg, png, KML, GML format；It can operate in any based on J2EE/Servlet container.
7. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers according to claim 6, feature exist
In: the spatial database PostGIS provides two kinds of graphical interfaces, order line spatial data lead-in modes.
8. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers according to claim 7, feature exist
In: map is cut into tile, GIS client OpenLayers invocation map data by the buffer service GeoWebCache
When can directly read caching in tile data.
9. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology frame based on OpenLayers according to claim 8, feature exist
In: the GIS client OpenLayers calls WMS and tile, vector data simultaneously respectively in the browse request page
Convert the request into corresponding URL.
10. a kind of WebGIS applicating developing technology framework implementation method based on OpenLayers, it is characterised in that including as follows
Step:
(1) configuration space database PostGIS, including PostGIS support geodata type, database to geographical data type
Reading language and crossover tool；
(2) GIS server GeoServer is configured, including server configuration and the addition of data publication；
(3) GIS client OpenLayers page program, including OpenLayers component, map view component are realized, wherein
OpenLayers component supports GML, JSON, KML data format, supports WMS, WFS, GoogleMap, MSVirtualEarth number
According to source, have the function of to scale Zoom, dragging Pan function；Map view component includes initializing Map class, the control of addition figure layer,
Figure control, it is specified that map projection, unit, level of zoom and indication range, load local tile data, and support customization tile
It cuts and is classified, call WMS service, add server end figure layer data.
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| CN110928901A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-03-27 | 武大吉奥信息技术有限公司 | Map layer joint query method, device and storage device based on MapServer service protocol |
| CN111078817A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-28 | 中科星图股份有限公司 | Tile map service cluster system and method based on Redis and PostgreSQL |
| CN111104613A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-05-05 | 深圳市普天宜通技术股份有限公司 | Spatial data analysis method, storage medium and terminal device |
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| CN114491310A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-13 | 国家电投集团雄安能源有限公司 | Geographic information analysis method and system supporting multiple data sources |
| CN115408406A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-29 | 青岛励图高科信息技术有限公司 | High-density ship position dynamic rendering system based on map service |
| CN117075854A (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-11-17 | 北京泰策科技有限公司 | WebGIS development architecture system based on Openlayers |
| CN117593916A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-02-23 | 数字鲸鱼(山东)能源科技有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle route recording and application method with high safety |
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| CN114491310B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-03-24 | 国家电投集团雄安能源有限公司 | Geographic information analysis method and system supporting multiple data sources |
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| CN115408406A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-29 | 青岛励图高科信息技术有限公司 | High-density ship position dynamic rendering system based on map service |
| CN117075854A (en) * | 2023-08-04 | 2023-11-17 | 北京泰策科技有限公司 | WebGIS development architecture system based on Openlayers |
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| CN117593916A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-02-23 | 数字鲸鱼(山东)能源科技有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle route recording and application method with high safety |
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