CN110118636A - The airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump - Google Patents
The airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110118636A CN110118636A CN201910421473.1A CN201910421473A CN110118636A CN 110118636 A CN110118636 A CN 110118636A CN 201910421473 A CN201910421473 A CN 201910421473A CN 110118636 A CN110118636 A CN 110118636A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- pressure
- pipeline
- pressure regulator
- air pump
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
Abstract
The present invention relates to electric air pump airtightness test table technical fields, and a kind of airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump, including board are disclosed, board is made of pipeline, rack, electrical software and frock clamp, frock clamp is mounted at the top of board, and pipeline and electrical software are arranged inside board.The present invention passes through setting test chamber, Pneumatic valve three, Pneumatic valve two, Pneumatic valve one, pressure difference transmitter, mark chamber, shut-off valve, pressure gauge, pressure regulator valve, safety valve, solenoid valve, gas source filters pressure regulator valve one and gas source filters pressure regulator valve two, pressure regulator valve one is filtered using gas source, gas source filters pressure regulator valve two, the presence of pressure difference transmitter and pressure regulator valve, the variation of pressure is detected in time, pressure regulation is carried out by pressure regulator valve, homologous pressure comparison is used using pressure difference transmitter, reach convenient and reliable operation, not by supply pressure fluctation, atmospheric pressure change, temperature fluctuation, pipe volume such as is slightly variable at the purpose of measurement error caused by factors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric air pump airtightness test table technical field, specially a kind of airtight survey of airbed electric air pump
Test stand.
Background technique
Common air pump air tightness detection machine is confined to simple pressurising detection, and principle is simple, cannot compare elimination environment
Error caused by factor influences.It is too many in the impacted factor of detection process, for example, temperature, height above sea level, the appearance of pipe-line system
Product, which is slightly variable and acts valve itself bring pressure oscillation, these factors, all can all generate very big error to result.Root
According to ideal gas formula: the variation of PV=nRT, volume and temperature is two key factors for causing atmospheric pressure to fluctuate, if
The two factors cannot be eliminated, therefore bring error has very big influence to the accuracy of testing result.
As shown in figure 4, the existing airtight test basic schematic diagram of air pump, stable gas pressure depends on pressure-measuring pipe section when work
The type and working method of temperature and volume variation and pressure sensing cell.It is prolonged and repeated that this mode can not eliminate solenoid valve
Generated coil heat interference when work can not also eliminate pipeline by caused by atmospheric pressure impact and valve spool of valve movement
Volume be slightly variable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of airtight testboards of airbed electric air pump, reach convenient and reliable operation,
Not by supply pressure fluctation, atmospheric pressure change, temperature fluctuation, pipe volume the mesh of measurement error caused by factors such as is slightly variable
's.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump, packet
Board is included, the board is made of pipeline, rack, electrical software and frock clamp, and the frock clamp is mounted at the top of board,
The pipeline and electrical software are arranged inside board, and the machine frame inside is provided with electrical control cabinet, outside the frock clamp
Wall is provided with air pump seal area, and the frock clamp is internally provided with air pump seal cover board, and the frock clamp is internally provided with
Linear bearing, the frock clamp inside are provided with guide rod by linear bearing rotation, and the frock clamp outer wall is provided with control
Case processed is provided with pressure tap outside the board, and the pipeline is by test chamber, Pneumatic valve three, Pneumatic valve two, Pneumatic valve one, pressure
Poor transmitter, mark chamber, shut-off valve, pressure gauge, pressure regulator valve, safety valve, solenoid valve, gas source filtering pressure regulator valve one and gas source filtering
Pressure regulator valve two forms, and is connected between the test chamber and pressure difference transmitter by pipeline, between the test chamber and Pneumatic valve three
It is connected by pipeline, is connected between the Pneumatic valve three and Pneumatic valve two by pipeline, the Pneumatic valve two passes through pipeline and mark
Quasi- lumen line connection, is connected between the pressure difference transmitter and Pneumatic valve one by pipeline, the Pneumatic valve one and Pneumatic valve two
Between by pipeline connect, between the Pneumatic valve one and shut-off valve by pipeline connection, between the shut-off valve and pressure regulator valve
It is connected by pipeline, is connected between the pressure regulator valve and safety valve by pipeline, the safety valve and gas source filter pressure regulator valve one
Between connected by pipeline, pass through pipeline connection, the pressure difference transmitter between gas source filtering pressure regulator valve two and solenoid valve
Using homologous pressure comparison.
Preferably, the test chamber, Pneumatic valve three, Pneumatic valve two, Pneumatic valve one, pressure difference transmitter, mark chamber, cut-off
Connected between valve, pressure regulator valve, safety valve, gas source filtering pressure regulator valve one and gas source filtering pressure regulator valve two using standard stainless steel joint for pipeline
It connects.
Preferably, the air pump seal cover board is located at right above air pump seal area.
Preferably, the quantity of the guide rod is two, and two guide rods are located at air pump sealing cylinder two sides.
Preferably, the pressure gauge is mounted on inside the pipeline between shut-off valve and pressure regulator valve.
The present invention provides a kind of airtight testboards of airbed electric air pump.Have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
(1), the present invention is by being arranged test chamber, Pneumatic valve three, Pneumatic valve two, Pneumatic valve one, pressure difference transmitter, mark chamber, cutting
Only valve, pressure gauge, pressure regulator valve, safety valve, solenoid valve, gas source filtering pressure regulator valve one and gas source filter pressure regulator valve two, utilize gas source
The presence for filtering pressure regulator valve one, gas source filtering pressure regulator valve two, pressure difference transmitter and pressure regulator valve, detects the variation of pressure in time,
Pressure regulation is carried out by pressure regulator valve, homologous pressure comparison is used using pressure difference transmitter, reaches convenient and reliable operation, not by gas source pressure
Fluctuation, atmospheric pressure change, temperature fluctuation, pipe volume such as are slightly variable at the purpose of measurement error caused by factors.
(2), the present invention can freely mating other be set by being provided with pressure tap outside board using the presence of pressure tap
It is standby to use.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is perspective view of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is bottom side cross-sectional view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the airtight detection principle diagram of air pump of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the airtight test schematic of tradition.
In figure: 1 rack, 2 frock clamps, 3 electrical control cabinets, 4 air pump seal areas, 5 air pump seal cover boards, 6 linear bearings,
7 guide rods, 8 air pump sealing cylinders, 9 control cabinets, 10 boards, 11 pressure taps.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, and in which the same or similar labels are throughly indicated identical or classes
As element or element with the same or similar functions.The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary, purport
It is being used to explain the present invention, and is being not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " length ", " width ",
" thickness ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside", " up time
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as needle ", " counterclockwise ", " axial direction ", " radial direction ", " circumferential direction " be orientation based on the figure or
Positional relationship is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must
There must be specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integral；It can be mechanical connect
It connects, is also possible to be electrically connected；It can be directly connected, can also can be in two elements indirectly connected through an intermediary
The interaction relationship of the connection in portion or two elements.It for the ordinary skill in the art, can be according to specific feelings
Condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1-3, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump, including
Board 10, board 10 are made of pipeline, rack 1, electrical software and frock clamp 2, and frock clamp is mounted on 10 top of board, pipe
Road and electrical software are arranged inside board 10, and rack 1 is internally provided with electrical control cabinet 3, and 2 outer wall of frock clamp is provided with gas
Pump seal area 4, frock clamp 2 are internally provided with air pump seal cover board 5, air pump seal cover board 5 be located at air pump seal area 4 just on
Side, frock clamp 2 are internally provided with linear bearing 6, are rotated inside frock clamp 2 by linear bearing 6 and be provided with guide rod 7, led
The quantity of bar 7 is two, and two guide rods 7 are located at 9 two sides of air pump sealing cylinder, and 2 outer wall of frock clamp is provided with control cabinet
9, pressure tap 11 is provided with outside board 1, can freely mating other equipment be used using the presence of pressure tap 11, pipeline is by detecting
Chamber, Pneumatic valve three, Pneumatic valve two, Pneumatic valve one, pressure difference transmitter, mark chamber, shut-off valve, pressure gauge, pressure regulator valve, safety valve,
Solenoid valve, gas source filtering pressure regulator valve one and gas source filtering pressure regulator valve two form, and above-mentioned pressure difference transmitter does not use comparison atmospheric pressure
Mode prevents height above sea level and temperature influence factor using homologous pressure comparison, and above-mentioned test chamber and standard chamber are same specification, together
One material, and connected between operation detection chamber and pressure difference transmitter by pipeline under same environment, test chamber and Pneumatic valve three
Between connected by pipeline, connected between Pneumatic valve three and Pneumatic valve two by pipeline, Pneumatic valve two passes through pipeline and standard chamber
Pipeline connection, is connected by pipeline between pressure difference transmitter and Pneumatic valve one, passes through pipeline between Pneumatic valve one and Pneumatic valve two
Connection, between Pneumatic valve one and shut-off valve by pipeline connect, between shut-off valve and pressure regulator valve by pipeline connection, pressure regulator valve and
It is connected, is connected between safety valve and gas source filtering pressure regulator valve one by pipeline, test chamber, Pneumatic valve by pipeline between safety valve
Three, Pneumatic valve two, Pneumatic valve one, pressure difference transmitter, mark chamber, shut-off valve, pressure regulator valve, safety valve, gas source filter pressure regulator valve one
It is connected between gas source filtering pressure regulator valve two using standard stainless steel joint for pipeline, is filtered using gas source filtering pressure regulator valve one, gas source
The presence of pressure regulator valve two, pressure difference transmitter and pressure regulator valve detects the variation of pressure in time, carries out pressure regulation, pressure by pressure regulator valve
Power table is fixedly mounted on inside the pipeline between shut-off valve and pressure regulator valve, passes through pipe between gas source filtering pressure regulator valve two and solenoid valve
Line connection.
When in use, it tests early period, cylinder ventilation movement pushes, and compresses the close isolation leakage of air pump sealing surface, and main line is logical
When entering specification gas source, by gas source filter pressure regulator valve one, pressure regulator valve, obtain target air pressure value, open Pneumatic valve one/bis-/tri-, one
Road gas source enters standard chamber, enters test chamber all the way, after some time, channel interior reaches a mass balances, at this time
Close one/bis-/tri- pipeline self-test of Air control valve.Secondary opening Air control valve one/bis-/tri- after confirmation pipeline No leakage, supplement one
Volume caused by pipeline expansion and spool act in secondary Plenum Process is slightly variable the brought pressure loss.Pressurising closes gas after stablizing
Valve 1 is controlled, pipeline reaches secondary mass balances.Pneumatic valve two/tri- is closed after some time, comparison source and detection source are intercepting respectively
Closed, comparison source gas pressure is passed through standard chamber and pressure difference transmitter high-pressure mouth, and detection source air pressure is passed through test chamber and pressure difference transmitter
Low pressure port, system starts to compare and verify pressure difference transmitter high-low pressure two sides pressure difference, after a period of time stablizes.In stable gas pressure
After filtering disturbing factor, the initial stage, pressure at both sides is consistent, and pressure difference is 0 or fixed numbers.If test chamber is tested air pump
Occur quality problem generate leakage, pressure difference will duration increase, system will by setting permissible value determine the secondary inspection automatically
Whether survey qualified；
Pipeline test philosophy are as follows: compressed air gas source-> once filters a decompression-> two times accurate pressure-reduced and-regulated pressurisings-of->
Standard source and test source-> detection pair are intercepted under two same environment of pressurising-> secondary balancing-> of > once balance-> simultaneously
- > pressure release-> feedback result is finished than-> detection.
The electric elements occurred in this article are electrically connected with extraneous main controller and 220V alternating current, and main controller can be meter
Calculation machine etc. plays the conventionally known equipment of control.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump, including board (10), it is characterised in that: the board (10) is by pipe
Road, rack (1), electrical software and frock clamp (2) composition, the frock clamp are mounted at the top of board (10), the pipeline
Internal in board (10) with the setting of electrical software, the rack (1) is internally provided with electrical control cabinet (3), the frock clamp
(2) outer wall is provided with air pump seal area (4), and the frock clamp (2) is internally provided with air pump seal cover board (5), the tooling
Fixture (2) is internally provided with linear bearing (6), and linear bearing (6) rotation is provided with guide rod inside the frock clamp (2)
(7), frock clamp (2) outer wall is provided with control cabinet (9), is provided with pressure tap (11), the pipe outside the board (1)
Route test chamber, Pneumatic valve three, Pneumatic valve two, Pneumatic valve one, pressure difference transmitter, mark chamber, shut-off valve, pressure gauge, pressure regulator valve,
Safety valve, solenoid valve, gas source filtering pressure regulator valve one and gas source filtering pressure regulator valve two form, the test chamber and pressure difference transmitter it
Between connected by pipeline, connected between the test chamber and Pneumatic valve three by pipeline, the Pneumatic valve three and Pneumatic valve two it
Between connected by pipeline, the Pneumatic valve two is connect by pipeline with standard lumen line, the pressure difference transmitter and Pneumatic valve one
Between connected by pipeline, pass through pipeline connection, the Pneumatic valve one and shut-off valve between the Pneumatic valve one and Pneumatic valve two
Between connected by pipeline, connected between the shut-off valve and pressure regulator valve by pipeline, it is logical between the pressure regulator valve and safety valve
Pipeline connection is crossed, is connected between the safety valve and gas source filtering pressure regulator valve one by pipeline, the gas source filters pressure regulator valve two
It is connect between solenoid valve by pipeline, the pressure difference transmitter uses homologous pressure comparison.
2. the airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the test chamber, gas control
Valve three, Pneumatic valve two, Pneumatic valve one, pressure difference transmitter, mark chamber, shut-off valve, pressure regulator valve, safety valve, gas source filter pressure regulator valve
It is connected between one and gas source filtering pressure regulator valve two using standard stainless steel joint for pipeline.
3. the airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the air pump seal cover board
(5) it is located at right above air pump seal area (4).
4. the airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the number of the guide rod (7)
Amount is two, and two guide rods (7) are located at air pump sealing cylinder (9) two sides.
5. the airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pressure gauge is mounted on
Inside pipeline between shut-off valve and pressure regulator valve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910421473.1A CN110118636A (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | The airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910421473.1A CN110118636A (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | The airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110118636A true CN110118636A (en) | 2019-08-13 |
Family
ID=67522949
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910421473.1A Pending CN110118636A (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2019-05-21 | The airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110118636A (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203249743U (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2013-10-23 | 北京德尔福万源发动机管理系统有限公司 | Gas tightness detection device |
| CN203337347U (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-11 | 杭州日出电子有限公司 | Multi cavity air tightness test device |
| CN204228364U (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2015-03-25 | 深圳市奥奇机电科技有限公司 | A kind of air tightness detection apparatus |
| CN107806972A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-16 | 郑州斯倍思机电有限公司 | A kind of testboard and its operating method for crankcase air-tightness |
| CN108088626A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-29 | 郑州斯倍思机电有限公司 | A kind of cylinder head testboard and its operating method |
| CN108709705A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-10-26 | 中国计量大学 | Outlet valve air-tightness detection device and test method |
| CN108896250A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-27 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Air-tightness detection device and air-tightness detection method |
| CN109238597A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-18 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of detection method of differential pressure type air-tightness leakage detection apparatus and its leakage flow |
-
2019
- 2019-05-21 CN CN201910421473.1A patent/CN110118636A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203249743U (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2013-10-23 | 北京德尔福万源发动机管理系统有限公司 | Gas tightness detection device |
| CN203337347U (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-11 | 杭州日出电子有限公司 | Multi cavity air tightness test device |
| CN204228364U (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2015-03-25 | 深圳市奥奇机电科技有限公司 | A kind of air tightness detection apparatus |
| CN107806972A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-16 | 郑州斯倍思机电有限公司 | A kind of testboard and its operating method for crankcase air-tightness |
| CN108088626A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-29 | 郑州斯倍思机电有限公司 | A kind of cylinder head testboard and its operating method |
| CN108896250A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-27 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Air-tightness detection device and air-tightness detection method |
| CN108709705A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-10-26 | 中国计量大学 | Outlet valve air-tightness detection device and test method |
| CN109238597A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-18 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of detection method of differential pressure type air-tightness leakage detection apparatus and its leakage flow |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104048801B (en) | Charge air cooler visual detection pressure testing table | |
| CN207730537U (en) | A kind of sack method VOC pretreating devices | |
| CN105444969A (en) | Machine for testing automatic operation performance and leakage of fuel gas solenoid valve | |
| CN202018370U (en) | Micro differential pressure type full-automatic gas meter airtightness detecting system | |
| CN202158951U (en) | Fixture for electromagnetic valve on-line test table | |
| CN208514187U (en) | Engine cylinder body processing examines tooling with gas | |
| CN110118636A (en) | The airtight testboard of airbed electric air pump | |
| CN105651469A (en) | Automatic leakage testing method for proportional valve | |
| CN108709733A (en) | A kind of solenoid travel and air-tightness detection device | |
| CN208607004U (en) | A kind of solenoid travel and air-tightness detection device | |
| CN101846568B (en) | Internal pressure tester of lighter | |
| CN214373144U (en) | Air tightness tester | |
| CN209858153U (en) | Airtight detection hydraulic machine for single bipolar plate | |
| CN214320949U (en) | Airtight check out test set of case | |
| CN109406069A (en) | Test macro and method for testing water-proof product | |
| CN104359820A (en) | Filtering element detection device | |
| CN208888063U (en) | It is a kind of for testing the device of sebific duct compressive resistance | |
| CN205262697U (en) | Gas solenoid valve auto -action performance and leakage test machine | |
| CN111896191B (en) | On-site calibration method and auxiliary calibration equipment for integral oil tank leakage detection equipment | |
| CN112427335A (en) | Valve element airtight detection equipment and valve element airtight valve detection method | |
| CN208888062U (en) | It is a kind of for testing the device of sebific duct compressive resistance | |
| CN110285938A (en) | Plastics weldment airtightness measurement device and its measurement method | |
| CN103630302B (en) | A kind of pipe volume pressure differential method tester | |
| CN207197739U (en) | A kind of equipment of micro- leak detection | |
| JP2018505416A (en) | Structure and method for checking the tightness of containers |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |