CN110115036B - Intra-prediction device for removing directional intra-prediction modes from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes - Google Patents

Intra-prediction device for removing directional intra-prediction modes from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes Download PDF

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CN110115036B
CN110115036B CN201680091864.6A CN201680091864A CN110115036B CN 110115036 B CN110115036 B CN 110115036B CN 201680091864 A CN201680091864 A CN 201680091864A CN 110115036 B CN110115036 B CN 110115036B
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CN110115036A (en
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阿列克谢·康斯坦丁诺维奇·菲利波夫
瓦西里·亚历斯维奇·拉夫特斯基
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/593—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H04N19/11—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
    • H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
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    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
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    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/119—Adaptive subdivision aspects, e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
    • H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
    • H04N19/139—Analysis of motion vectors, e.g. their magnitude, direction, variance or reliability
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards

Abstract

The present invention relates to an intra prediction device (100) for removing a directional intra prediction mode from a set of predetermined directional intra prediction modes. The intra prediction apparatus (100) includes: a reference pixel determination unit (101) for selecting the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes and determining a plurality of available reference pixels; a directional intra-prediction mode removal unit (103) for removing the intra-prediction mode if the length (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixels is less than the length (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRslonger) Less than the length (L) of the first edge of the video coding blocklonger) Removing the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes to obtain a reduced set; and an intra prediction unit (105) for intra predicting pixel values of pixels of the rectangular video coding block based on the reduced group. The intra prediction apparatus (100) may further include an area determination unit (107).

Description

Intra-prediction device for removing directional intra-prediction modes from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes
Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to the field of video coding. More particularly, the present invention relates to a directional intra prediction apparatus for video coding blocks, and an encoding apparatus and a decoding apparatus including such an intra prediction apparatus.
Background
Digital video communication and storage applications are implemented by a wide variety of digital devices, such as digital cameras, cellular radiotelephones, notebook computers, broadcast systems, video conferencing systems, and the like. Video compression is one of the most important and challenging tasks in these applications. The task of video compression is complex and limited by two conflicting parameters, compression efficiency and computational complexity. Video coding standards such as ITU-T H.264/AVC or ITU-T H.265/HEVC provide good parameter trade-offs. For this reason, supporting video coding standards is a mandatory requirement for almost any video compression application.
Existing video coding standards are based on dividing a source picture into video coding blocks (or short blocks). The processing of these blocks depends on their size, spatial position and the coding mode specified by the encoder. Depending on the prediction type, the coding modes can be divided into two groups: intra prediction mode and inter prediction mode. The intra prediction mode uses pixels of the same picture (also referred to as a frame or an image) to generate reference pixels to calculate prediction values for the pixels of the block being reconstructed. Intra prediction is also referred to as spatial prediction. The inter prediction mode is intended for temporal prediction and uses reference pixels of a previous or subsequent picture to predict pixels of a block of a current picture. After the prediction stage, the prediction error (i.e. the difference between the original signal and the predicted signal) is transform coded. The transform coefficients and side information are then encoded using an entropy encoder (e.g., CABAC for AVC/h.264 and HEVC/h.265). The recently passed ITU-T h.265/HEVC standard (ISO/IEC 23008-2: 2013, "information technology-high efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments-part 2: high efficiency video coding", 11 months in 2013) announced a set of most advanced video coding tools, providing a reasonable compromise between coding efficiency and computational complexity. An overview of the ITU-T h.265/HEVC standard is given in the "High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard overview of Gary j.sullivan in IEEE video technology circuits and systems journal, 2012, vol 12, 22, 12. The entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Similar to the ITU-T H.264/AVC video coding standard, the HEVC/H.265 video coding standard divides source pictures into blocks, such as Coding Units (CUs). Each CU may be further divided into smaller CUs or Prediction Units (PUs). A PU may perform intra or inter prediction depending on the type of processing applied to the pixels of the PU. In the case of inter prediction, the PU represents a pixel area that motion compensation is processed by a motion vector designated for the PU. For intra prediction, a current block is predicted using neighboring pixels of neighboring blocks as reference pixels. A PU specifies a prediction mode selected from a set of intra prediction modes for all Transform Units (TUs) contained in the PU. TUs may be of different sizes (e.g., 4x4, 8x8, 16x16, and 32x32 pixels) and may be processed in different ways. Transform coding is performed in the TU, i.e. the prediction error is transformed using discrete cosine transform or discrete sine transform (which is applied to intra-coded blocks in the HEVC/h.265 standard) and quantized. Thus, the reconstructed pixels contain quantization noise (which may become noticeable due to, for example, blocking artifacts, ringing artifacts, sharp edges, etc. between units), and Loop filters such as Deblocking filters (DBF), Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO), and Adaptive Loop Filters (ALF) attempt to suppress such noise. The use of sophisticated predictive coding (e.g., motion compensation and intra-prediction) and partitioning techniques (e.g., the quadtrees for CUs and PUs and the residual quadtrees for TUs in the HEVC/h.265 standard and the quadtree plus binary tree for the JEM reference software starting from version JEM-3.0) enables the standardization committee to significantly reduce redundancy in PUs.
According to the HEVC/h.265 standard, the intra-prediction modes shown in fig. 5 include a planar mode (intra-prediction mode index of 0), a DC mode (intra-prediction mode index of 1), and 33 directional modes (intra-prediction mode indexes of 2 to 34, indicated by solid lines). The set of directional intra prediction modes is extended to 65 modes (almost doubled) by reducing the step angle between the directional intra prediction modes by a factor of 2. The dotted lines in fig. 5 represent the angular patterns introduced in the JEM software.
For the JEM-3.0 software, a new partitioning mechanism based on the quadtree and the binary tree (called QTBT) is proposed. The fundamental difference between QT and QTBT partitioning mechanisms is that the latter, through partitioning based on quadtrees and binary trees, can implement not only square blocks, but also rectangular blocks. Fig. 6 shows an example of block partitioning and corresponding tree structure using QTBT, where solid lines represent quadtree partitioning and dashed lines represent binary tree partitioning. In each partition node of the binary tree, the partition type is represented by 0 (horizontal partition) or 1 (vertical partition).
The cost of QTBT partitioning is that there is some signaling overhead and computational complexity increase at the encoder side compared to the traditional quadtree partitioning used in the HEVC/h.265 standard. Nevertheless, QTBT based partitioning has better partitioning performance and coding efficiency is significantly higher than that of the traditional quadtree ("EE 2.1: quadtree plus binary tree structure integrated with JEM tools", document JVET-C0024 of the third JVET conference held in Waters-Rieger, Switzerland in 2016, month 5, authors Han Huang, Kai Zhang, Yu-Wen Huang, Shawmin Lei). However, one key problem with QTBT segmentation is: the set of available directional intra prediction modes does not change accordingly. Thus, the asymmetric nature of the tile used by the QTBT framework has not been considered, as shown in fig. 7, i.e., the same number of reference pixels are used along the short and long edges of the tile. Thus, the number of directional intra-prediction modes does not depend on the aspect ratio of the block, nor on the actual availability of reference pixels when the QTBT framework is currently implemented.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for an apparatus and method for video coding that can efficiently process rectangular video coding blocks.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for video coding that efficiently processes rectangular video coding blocks in conjunction with a directional intra prediction mechanism.
The above object and other objects are achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Further forms of realization are apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the accompanying drawings.
The following summary uses a number of terms which, in various embodiments, have the following meanings: slice-spatially distinct regions of an independently encoded/decoded picture. Slice header-a data structure used to send information associated with a particular slice. Video coding block (or short block) -an MxN (M columns x N rows) array of pixels or samples (each pixel/sample being associated with at least one pixel/sample value), or an MxN array of transform coefficients. Coding Tree Unit (CTU) mesh — a mesh structure used to divide blocks of pixels into macroblocks for video Coding. Coding Unit (Coding Unit, CU for short), a Coding block of luma samples, a Coding block of two corresponding chroma samples of a picture with three sample arrays, or a Coding block of samples of a black and white picture or a Coding block of samples of a picture coded by three separate color planes and syntax for Coding the samples. Picture Parameter Set (PPS), a syntax structure containing syntax elements that apply to zero or more fully coded pictures determined by the syntax elements found in each slice header. Sequence Parameter Set (SPS) a syntax structure containing syntax elements that apply to zero or more fully coded video sequences determined by the content of syntax elements found in the PPS referenced by syntax elements found in each slice header. Video Parameter Set (VPS) -a syntax structure containing syntax elements that apply to zero or more fully coded Video sequences. Prediction Unit (Prediction Unit, PU for short), a Prediction block of luma samples, a Prediction block of two corresponding chroma samples of a picture with three sample arrays, or a Prediction block of samples of a black and white picture or of samples of a picture coded by three separate color planes and syntax for predicting the Prediction block samples. Transform Unit (TU), a Transform block of luma samples, a Transform block of two corresponding chroma samples of a picture with three arrays of samples, or a Transform block of samples of a black and white picture or of samples of a picture coded by three separate color planes and syntax for predicting the Transform block samples. Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI), additional information that may be inserted into a video bitstream to enhance the use of the video. Luminance-information indicating the luminance of an image sample. Chroma-information indicative of the color of an image sample, which may be described by a red color difference chroma component (Cr) and a blue color difference chroma component (Cb).
In general, the present invention relates to a device and method for improving the directional intra-prediction mechanism within the QTBT framework. More specifically, the present invention extends a set of available directional intra-prediction modes according to the aspect ratio of a block to be predicted, enables or disables some directional intra-prediction modes according to the availability of reference pixels, and transmits the directional intra-prediction modes contained in the extended subset through mode mapping and a 1-bit flag.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the following advantages: additional coding gain is obtained after integrating the technique into the codec, wide application to hybrid video coding paradigms compatible with the HM software and VPX video codec family, as well as existing and next generation video coding frameworks (the JEM software and VPX/AV1 video codec family, respectively), reduced hardware and computational complexity at the encoder and decoder sides, easy implementation in codecs using traditional directional intra prediction mechanisms.
According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to an intra-prediction apparatus for removing a directional intra-prediction mode of a rectangular video coding block from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes, each predetermined directional intra-prediction mode of the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes being associated with a predetermined orientation, the rectangular video coding block having a first edge and a second edge, the first edge having a length (L)longer) Is greater than the length (L) of the second sideshorter). The intra prediction apparatus includes: a reference pixel determination unit to select the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes, determine a plurality of available reference pixels based on a predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode, the available reference pixels extending along the first edge of the rectangular video coding block, and determine lengths (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) (ii) a A directional intra prediction mode removal unit for removing the length (L) of the first edgelonger) And the instituteThe length (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) Comparing and if the length (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) Less than the length (L) of the first sidelonger) Removing the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes to obtain a reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes; and an intra-prediction unit to intra-predict pixel values of pixels of the rectangular video coding block based on the reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes.
In this regard, the term "orientation" refers to a direction within the video coding block for directional intra prediction within the video coding block. The term "range of orientations" refers to a range covering a plurality of said orientations.
In a first implementation form of the intra prediction apparatus according to the first aspect, the directional intra prediction mode removal unit is configured to: if the length (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) Less than the length (L) of the first sidelonger) Twice, then the directional intra-prediction mode is removed from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes. In this case, the multiple is 2.
In a second implementation form of the intra prediction apparatus according to the first aspect as such or any of the preceding implementation forms of the first aspect, the intra prediction apparatus further comprises: a region determination unit for determining a region based on the length (L) of the second edgeshorter) And said predetermined orientation of said directional intra-prediction mode determines a non-prediction region (S) within said rectangular video coding blockuncov)。
In a third implementation of the intra prediction apparatus according to the second implementation of the first aspect, the region determining unit is configured to determine the non-prediction region (S) within the rectangular video coding block based on the following equationuncov)：
Figure BDA0002105194120000041
Wherein S isuncovRepresenting said non-predicted region, LshorterRepresents the length of the second edge, γ represents an angle associated with the predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode.
In a fourth implementation form of the intra prediction apparatus according to the second implementation form or the third implementation form of the first aspect, the region determination unit is further configured to determine the length (L) of the first edge based on the length (L) of the first edgelonger) The length (L) of the second sideshorter) And a predetermined orientation of said directional intra-prediction mode determines a sub-pixel non-prediction region (P) within said rectangular video coding blockarea)。
In a fifth implementation form of the intra prediction apparatus according to the fourth implementation form of the first aspect, the region determination unit is configured to determine the non-predicted region of pixels (P) within the rectangular video coding block based on the following equationarea)：
Figure BDA0002105194120000042
Wherein, PareaRepresenting said sub-pixel non-prediction region, LlongerRepresents the length of the first side, LshorterRepresents the length of the second edge, γ represents the angle associated with the predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode.
In a sixth implementation of the intra prediction apparatus according to the first aspect as such or any of the preceding implementations of the first aspect, the rectangular video coding block is a Coding Unit (CU), a Prediction Unit (PU) or a Transform Unit (TU).
According to a second aspect, the invention relates to an encoding apparatus for encoding a rectangular video coding block. The encoding apparatus includes: the intra-prediction apparatus of the first aspect as such or any implementation of the first aspect, configured to provide a predicted rectangular video coding block; and an encoding unit configured to encode the rectangular video coding block based on the predicted rectangular video coding block.
According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a decoding device for decoding an encoded rectangular video coding block. The decoding apparatus includes: the intra-prediction apparatus of the first aspect as such or any implementation of the first aspect, configured to provide a predicted rectangular video coding block; and a restoring unit for restoring the rectangular video coding block based on the encoded rectangular video coding block and the predicted rectangular video coding block.
According to a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to an intra-prediction method for removing a directional intra-prediction mode of a rectangular video coding block from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes, each predetermined directional intra-prediction mode of the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes being associated with a predetermined orientation, the rectangular video coding block having a first edge and a second edge, the first edge having a length (L)longer) Is greater than the length (L) of the second sideshorter). The intra prediction method includes: selecting the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes; determining a plurality of available reference pixels based on a predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode, the available reference pixels extending along the first edge of the rectangular video coding block; determining lengths (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) (ii) a The length (L) of the first edgelonger) The lengths (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) Comparing; if the length (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) Less than the length (L) of the first sidelonger) Removing the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes to obtain a reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes; and intra-predicting pixel values of pixels of the rectangular video coding block based on the reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes.
The intra prediction method may be performed by the intra prediction apparatus. Further features of the intra-prediction method come directly from features or functions of the intra-prediction device.
According to a fifth aspect, the invention relates to a computer program comprising program code for performing, when running on a computer, the method of the fourth aspect or any implementation of the fourth aspect.
The present invention may be implemented in hardware and/or software.
Drawings
Further embodiments of the invention will be described in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an intra-prediction apparatus for removing directional intra-prediction modes of a rectangular video coding block from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an encoding apparatus for rectangular video coding blocks;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a decoding apparatus for decoding an encoded rectangular video coding block;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an intra prediction method for removing directional intra prediction modes of a rectangular video coding block from a predetermined set of directional intra prediction modes;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a video coding block exhibiting different directional intra prediction modes;
FIGS. 6a and 6b illustrate an example of block partitioning and corresponding tree structure using a quad-tree plus binary tree (QTBT for short);
FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate implementations of the directional intra prediction mechanism in Quadtree (QT) and quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT) frameworks, respectively;
FIGS. 8a and 8b illustrate the expansion of a set of directional intra prediction modes according to the aspect ratio of a given rectangular video coding block;
FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of expanding a set of directional intra-prediction modes according to the aspect ratio of a given rectangular video coding block;
FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of preserving the cardinality of directional intra prediction modes according to the aspect ratio of a given rectangular video coding block;
FIG. 11 shows an example of block partitioning and corresponding tree structure using quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT), where the number of available reference pixels along the long edge in a rectangular video coding block is less than twice its length;
FIG. 12 illustrates enabling or disabling a set of directional intra-prediction modes according to the availability of reference pixels for a given rectangular video coding block;
figure 13 shows a first step of the signaling mechanism for extending the directional intra prediction mode;
FIG. 14 shows a second step of the signaling mechanism for extending the directional intra prediction mode;
fig. 15 illustrates a process of decoding a directional intra mode index by applying a signaling mechanism;
fig. 16 shows a schematic diagram of an implementation of a signaling mechanism applied to a coding apparatus;
fig. 17 shows a schematic diagram of an implementation of a signaling mechanism applied to a decoding apparatus;
FIGS. 18a and 18b show schematic diagrams of an implementation of a signaling mechanism applied to an Enhanced Intra-Prediction (EIP) mechanism;
fig. 19 shows a schematic diagram of an encoding apparatus for encoding a rectangular video coding block including an intra prediction apparatus.
In the figures, identical or at least functionally equivalent features are provided with the same reference signs.
Detailed Description
Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific aspects in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other aspects may be utilized and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
For example, it is to be understood that the same applies in relation to the described method for a corresponding device or system for performing the method, and vice versa. For example, if a specific method step is described, the corresponding apparatus may comprise means for performing the described method step, even if such means are not elaborated or illustrated in the figures. Further, it is to be understood that features of the various exemplary aspects described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an intra-prediction apparatus 100 for removing directional intra-prediction modes of a rectangular video coding block from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes. Each predetermined directional intra-prediction mode of the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes being associated with a predetermined orientation, the rectangular video coding block having a first edge and a second edge, the first edge having a length (L)longer) Is greater than the length (L) of the second sideshorter). The intra prediction apparatus 100 includes: a reference pixel determination unit 101 for selecting the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes, determining a plurality of available reference pixels based on a predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode, the available reference pixels extending along the first edge of the rectangular video coding block, and determining lengths (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) (ii) a A directional intra prediction mode removal unit 103 for removing the length (L) of the first edgelonger) The lengths (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) Comparing and if the length (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) Less than the length (L) of the first sidelonger) Removing the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes to obtain a reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes; and an intra-prediction unit 105 for intra-predicting pixel values of pixels of the rectangular video coding block based on the reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes. The intra prediction apparatus 100 further comprises: region determination unit 107 withBased on the length (L) of the second edgeshorter) And said predetermined orientation of said directional intra-prediction mode determines a non-prediction region (S) within said rectangular video coding blockuncov)。
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an encoding apparatus 200 for encoding rectangular video coding blocks. The encoding apparatus 200 includes: an intra prediction apparatus 100 for providing a predicted rectangular video coding block; and an encoding unit 201 for encoding the rectangular video coding block based on the predicted rectangular video coding block.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a decoding apparatus 300 for decoding an encoded rectangular video encoding block. The decoding apparatus 300 includes: an intra prediction apparatus 100 for providing a predicted rectangular video coding block; and a restoring unit 301 for restoring the rectangular video coding block based on the encoded rectangular video coding block and the predicted rectangular video coding block.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an intra-prediction method 400 for removing directional intra-prediction modes of a rectangular video coding block from a predetermined set of directional intra-prediction modes. Each predetermined directional intra-prediction mode of the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes being associated with a predetermined orientation, the rectangular video coding block having a first edge and a second edge, the first edge having a length (L)longer) Is greater than the length (L) of the second sideshorter). The intra prediction method 400 comprises: selecting 401 the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes; determining 403 a plurality of available reference pixels based on a predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode, the available reference pixels extending along the first edge of the rectangular video coding block; determining 405 lengths (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) (ii) a The length (L) of the first edgelonger) The lengths (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) A comparison 407 is performed; if the length (L) associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlonger) Less than the length (L) of the first sidelonger) From said predetermined orientationRemoving 409 the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of intra-prediction modes to obtain a reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes; and intra-predicting 411 pixel values of pixels of the rectangular video coding block based on the reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a video coding block exhibiting different directional intra prediction modes. The intra prediction modes shown in fig. 5 include a planar mode (intra prediction mode index is 0), a DC mode (intra prediction mode index is 1), and 33 directional modes (intra prediction mode indexes are 2 to 34, indicated by solid lines). The set of directional intra prediction modes is extended to 65 modes (almost doubled) by reducing the step angle between the directional intra prediction modes by a factor of 2. The dotted lines in fig. 5 represent the angular patterns introduced in the JEM software.
Fig. 6a and 6b show examples of block partitioning and corresponding tree structures using quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT), where solid lines represent quadtree partitioning and dashed lines represent binary tree partitioning. In each partition node of the binary tree, the partition type is represented by 0 (horizontal partition) or 1 (vertical partition).
Fig. 7a and 7b show implementations of the directional intra prediction mechanism in Quadtree (QT) and quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT) frameworks, respectively. Here, the same number of reference pixels are used along the short and long sides of the rectangular block. Thus, the number of directional intra-prediction modes does not depend on the aspect ratio of the block, nor on the actual availability of reference pixels when the QTBT framework is currently implemented.
Fig. 8a and 8b show the extension of a set of directional intra prediction modes according to the aspect ratio of a given rectangular video coding block. As shown in fig. 8a, the aspect ratio of a square video coding block is 1: 1, and the value of the video coding block being reconstructed is predicted using a conventional set of directional intra prediction modes. On the other hand, rectangular video coding blocks comprise short and long edges, and this asymmetry can improve the current directional intra prediction mechanism by increasing the prediction accuracy. As shown in fig. 8b, the number of available directional intra prediction modes can be increased along the long edge.
Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of expanding a set of directional intra-prediction modes according to the aspect ratio of a given rectangular video coding block. The corresponding processing steps may be implemented by the intra prediction apparatus 100 and/or the intra prediction method 400. In fig. 9, square pixels represent reference pixels for intra prediction, where the probability order in which the reference pixels are available is: reference pixel with dot > reference pixel with stripe > reference pixel with diagonal.
The number of the directional intra prediction modes newly introduced may depend on the aspect ratio of the rectangular video coding block. The angles that encompass these new modes are defined by the following equation:
Figure BDA0002105194120000071
wherein L isshorterAnd LlongerRespectively representing the lengths of the short side and the long side of the rectangular video coding block. As shown in fig. 9, L is the vertical direction of the rectangular video coding blockshorterWidth, LlongerHeight. The actual number of these modes may depend on the angle between adjacent directional modes and the angle α defined by the above formula.
In the latest version of the JEM software (version JEM-4.0), the average angle step between adjacent directional modes defined by the intra-prediction interpolation filter is independent of the block size and is equal to:
Figure BDA0002105194120000081
thus, in the case of uniformly spaced directional intra prediction modes, the number N of newly introduced modes is equal to:
Figure BDA0002105194120000082
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002105194120000083
indicating a rounding down operation.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 9, the number of reference pixels is extended along the long side, and the number of reference pixels is not reduced for the short side. Therefore, the number of intra prediction modes available along the long side (angles containing these modes are marked with solid lines) increases, but the number of intra prediction modes available along the short side (angles containing these modes are marked with dashed lines) does not decrease. Thus only the cardinality of the intra prediction mode set increases and the following aspect ratios decrease:
Figure BDA0002105194120000084
on the other hand, according to another embodiment, another method may be employed to preserve the original number of directional intra prediction modes.
Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of preserving the cardinality of directional intra prediction modes according to the aspect ratio of a given rectangular video coding block. As shown in fig. 10, the number of directional intra-prediction modes added along the long side (angles including these modes are marked with solid lines) may be equal to the number of directional intra-prediction modes removed along the short side (angles including these modes are marked with dashed lines). Thus, the cardinality of the set of intra prediction modes remains the same as the cardinality of the square block.
According to one embodiment, whether to extend the available set of intra prediction modes may also depend on the availability of reference pixels, as they need to generate intra prediction.
Fig. 11 shows an example of block partitioning and corresponding tree structure using quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT), where the number of available reference pixels along the long edge in a rectangular video coding block is less than twice its length. As shown in fig. 11, the quadtree plus binary tree (QTBT) partitioning framework produces partitions in which the actual number of available reference pixels along the long edge is less than twice its length, as assumed in the above example in fig. 9 and 10. Therefore, the method of increasing the number of directional intra prediction modes in the above example may need to be adjusted according to the availability of reference pixels in the example of fig. 11.
Fig. 12 illustrates enabling or disabling of directional intra-prediction mode sets according to the availability of reference pixels for a given rectangular video coding block within a quadtree-plus-binary tree (QTBT) partitioning framework, where the gray rectangular regions represent currently processed video coding blocks, square pixels with diagonal lines represent available reference pixels, and square pixels with dots represent unavailable reference pixels. For example, the disabling may be achieved by removing the corresponding directional intra prediction mode from the set.
The sub-pixel non-prediction region P of a rectangular video coding block generated using interpolated reference pixels can be calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002105194120000091
wherein L islongerAnd LshorterRespectively representing the lengths of the long and short sides of a rectangular video coding block, gamma representing the angle of a given directional intra prediction mode belonging to said extended set, Sblock＝Lshorter·LlongerRepresenting the area of a rectangular video coding block to be predicted,
Figure BDA0002105194120000092
represents a non-prediction region, i.e., the area of a video coding block that can be predicted without non-interpolated reference pixels, as marked by stripes.
Thus, the closer the intra prediction orientation is to the diagonal marked with dashed lines, the larger the remaining area portion that can be predicted without non-interpolated reference pixels. In one example, if the length L of the non-interpolated reference pixel along the long edge is LRSlongerLess than twice the length of the long side, the set of directional intra prediction modes is not expanded:
LRSlonger＜2Llonger。
if the set of directional intra prediction modes is extended, a new extended mode needs to be sent, which may not be possible with existing conventional mechanisms. For this reason, a two-step signaling mechanism for extending the directional intra prediction mode is proposed and explained in fig. 13 and 14.
Fig. 13 shows a first step of a signaling mechanism for extended directional intra prediction modes, where the extended mode set is mapped to the legacy intra prediction mode set by a mirroring process.
Fig. 14 shows the second step of the signaling mechanism for extended directional intra prediction mode, where the legacy and extended directional modes are distinguished by a 1-bit flag. The flag is assigned to "0" for the legacy mode and "1" for the extended mode. Furthermore, the flag in the signaling mechanism is only used for those directional modes that are reflections of the extended mode.
Fig. 15 shows a process of decoding a directional intra mode index by applying a signaling mechanism. As shown in fig. 15, the extended mode of the directional intra prediction is labeled as "1", the legacy mode with mapped mode is labeled as "0", and other modes have no additional signaling value.
Fig. 16 shows a schematic diagram of an implementation of the signaling mechanism applied to the encoding apparatus. In a first process step 1601, intra prediction mode I is parsed from the bitstreamIPMIs used to determine the index of (1). Thereafter, in process step 1603, a decision is made based on whether the decoded intra prediction mode is a directional intra prediction mode. If a signaling scheme is employed in the context of HEVC video coding, when IIPMAbove 1, the intra prediction mode is directional. If the intra prediction mode is directional, then in process block 1605, a decision is made based on whether the decoded intra prediction mode is extended. When I isIPMGreater than Q [ pi/2 + arctan (Width/Height)]And is smaller than VDIAG _ IDX, where Width and Height represent the length of the short and long edges of the decoded rectangular video coding block, and VDIAG _ IDX is equal to 66 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Then, for the legacy mode that can have the mapped extension code, the flag "ext _ dir _ mode _ flag" is assigned to 0 (see processing steps 1607, 1609). In process step 1611, the legacy mode is evaluatedRate-distortion cost (RD-cost). For the extended mode, the flag "ext _ dir _ mode _ flag" is assigned to 1 (see process steps 1613, 1615). In process step 1617, the rate-distortion cost (RD-cost) of the legacy mode is estimated. In process step 1619, a flag "ext _ dir _ mode _ flag" is determined by finding the lowest rate-distortion cost (RD-cost) between the legacy mode and the extended mode.
Fig. 17 shows a schematic diagram of an implementation of the signaling mechanism applied to the decoding apparatus. In a first processing step 1701, the intra prediction mode I is parsed from the bitstreamIPMIs used to determine the index of (1). Thereafter, in process step 1703, a decision is made based on whether the decoded intra prediction mode is a directional intra prediction mode. If a signaling scheme is employed in the context of HEVC video coding, when IIPMAbove 1, the intra prediction mode is directional. If the intra prediction mode is directional, in process step 1705, a decision is made based on whether the decoded intra prediction mode is extended. When I isIPMGreater than Q [ pi/2 + arctan (Width/Height)]And is smaller than VDIAG _ IDX, where Width and Height denote the lengths of the short and long sides of the decoded rectangular block, and VDIAG _ IDX is equal to 66 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For the extended directional intra prediction mode, the value of the flag "ext _ dir _ mode _ flag" is parsed from the bitstream in process step 1707. According to an embodiment of the invention, the flag is introduced into the bitstream to encode whether the proposed mechanism is applied to the prediction unit. In process step 1709, if ext _ dir _ mode _ flag is equal to 1 (process step 1711a), it is decided to use the extended prediction scheme to obtain the prediction signal, and if ext _ dir _ mode _ flag is not equal to 1 (process step 1711b), the conventional prediction is used to obtain the prediction signal, as provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The decision in process step 1709 is based on the value of the flag "ext _ dir _ mode _ flag" determined in process step 1707.
The signaling mechanism is applicable to the broader scenarios provided by embodiments of the present invention. For example, it can be used to reduce the signaling overhead caused by the extended set of directional intra prediction modes used in Enhanced Intra Prediction (EIP) techniques proposed by Google for its VPX codec family. There is a need for such EIP techniques to improve the compression efficiency of intra-predicted blocks in inter-predicted pictures. EIP is a two-step mechanism for increasing the number of available prediction orientations, where blocks with good inter prediction modes are first encoded and then intra blocks with access to more boundaries are filled.
Fig. 18a and 18b show schematic diagrams of an implementation of a signaling mechanism applied to an Enhanced Intra Prediction (EIP) mechanism. In the case shown in fig. 18a and 18b, the 4(2 pi) and 3(3 pi/2) edges of a video coding block, respectively, can be used for directional intra prediction. The solid line indicates the direction of the principal angle, and the dotted line indicates the direction of the supplementary angle. In both cases, the available set of intra prediction modes is larger than in the conventional case.
As described above, the same two-step signaling mechanism can be employed to indicate the angle to which the selected directional intra prediction mode belongs by a 1-bit flag. First, if an orientation mode is selected from the complementary angles, the orientation mode may be mapped onto the principal angle. Second, if the direction is selected from the complementary angle, the 1-bit flag may be set to "ON", otherwise the flag may be set to "OFF".
Fig. 19 shows a schematic diagram of an encoding apparatus 200 for encoding a rectangular video coding block including the intra prediction apparatus 100. The decoding apparatus 300 may be similarly implemented.
While a particular feature or aspect of the invention may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations or embodiments, such feature or aspect may be combined with one or more other features or aspects of the other implementations or embodiments as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms "includes," "has," "having," or any other variation thereof, are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted. Also, the terms "exemplary," "e.g.," and "like" are merely meant as examples, and not the best or optimal. The terms "coupled" and "connected," along with their derivatives, may be used. It will be understood that these terms may be used to indicate that two elements co-operate or interact with each other, whether or not they are in direct physical or electrical contact, or they are not in direct contact with each other.
Although specific aspects have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific aspects shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific aspects discussed herein.
Although the elements in the above claims below are recited in a particular sequence with corresponding labeling, unless the recitation of the claims otherwise implies a particular sequence for implementing some or all of the elements, the elements are not necessarily limited to being implemented in the particular sequence described.
Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing teachings. Of course, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that there are numerous other applications of the present invention beyond those described herein. While the present invention has been described with reference to one or more particular embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.

Claims (11)

1. An intra-prediction apparatus (100) for removing directional intra-prediction modes of a rectangular video coding block from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes, each predetermined directional intra-prediction mode of the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes being associated with a predetermined orientation, the rectangular video coding block having a first edge and a second edge, the first edge having a length LlongerIs greater than the length L of the second sideshorterThe intra prediction apparatus (100) includes:
a reference pixel determination unit (101) for selecting the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes, determining a plurality of available reference pixels based on a predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction modes, the available reference pixels extending along the first edge of the rectangular video coding block;
a directional intra-prediction mode increasing unit for increasing available directional intra-prediction modes along a long edge, the number of the directional intra-prediction modes newly introduced depending on an aspect ratio of the rectangular video coding block
Figure FDA0003094853370000011
A directional intra prediction mode removal unit (103) for removing directional intra prediction modes from the set of predetermined directional intra prediction modes along the short edge to obtain a reduced set of predetermined directional intra prediction modes, wherein the number of directional intra prediction modes increased along the long edge is equal to the number of directional intra prediction modes removed along the short edge; and
an intra-prediction unit (105) for intra-predicting pixel values of pixels of the rectangular video coding block based on the reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes.
2. The intra-prediction apparatus (100) of claim 1, wherein the directional intra-prediction mode removal unit (103) is configured to: if the length L associated with the plurality of available reference pixelsRSlongerLess than the length L of the first sidelongerTwice, then the directional intra-prediction mode is removed from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes.
3. The intra prediction apparatus (100) according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
a region determination unit (107) for determining a region based on the length L of the second edgeshorterAnd said predetermined orientation of said directional intra-prediction mode, determining a non-prediction region S within said rectangular video coding blockuncov。
4. The intra-prediction apparatus (100) of claim 3, wherein the region determination unit (107) is configured to determine the non-prediction region S within the rectangular video coding block based on the following equationuncov：
Figure FDA0003094853370000012
Wherein S isuncovRepresenting said non-predicted region, LshorterRepresents the length of the second edge, γ represents an angle associated with the predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode.
5. The intra prediction apparatus (100) of claim 3, wherein the region determination unit (107) is further configured to determine the length L based on the first edgelongerThe length L of the second sideshorterAnd a predetermined orientation of said directional intra-prediction mode determines a sub-pixel non-prediction region P within said rectangular video coding blockarea。
6. The intra prediction apparatus (100) of claim 5, wherein the region determination unit (107) is configured to determine the non-predicted region P of sub-pixels within the rectangular video coding block based on the following equationarea：
Figure FDA0003094853370000013
Wherein, PareaRepresenting said sub-pixel non-prediction region, LlongerRepresents the length of the first side, LshorterRepresents the length of the second edge, γ represents an angle associated with the predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode.
7. The intra-prediction device (100) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the rectangular video coding block is a Coding Unit (CU), a Prediction Unit (PU), or a Transform Unit (TU).
8. An encoding apparatus (200) for encoding a rectangular video coding block, the encoding apparatus (200) comprising:
an intra prediction apparatus (100) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, for providing a predicted rectangular video coding block; an encoding unit (201) for encoding the rectangular video coding block based on the predicted rectangular video coding block.
9. A decoding apparatus (300) for decoding an encoded rectangular video coding block, the decoding apparatus (300) comprising:
an intra prediction apparatus (100) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, for providing a predicted rectangular video coding block; a recovery unit (301) for recovering the rectangular video coding block based on at least the predicted rectangular video coding block.
10. An intra-prediction method (400) for removing directional intra-prediction modes of a rectangular video coding block from a set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes, each predetermined directional intra-prediction mode of the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes being associated with a predetermined orientation, the rectangular video coding block having a first edge and a second edge, the first edge having a length LlongerIs greater than the length L of the second sideshorterThe intra prediction method (400) comprises:
selecting (401) the directional intra-prediction mode from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes;
determining (403) a plurality of available reference pixels based on a predetermined orientation of the directional intra-prediction mode, the available reference pixels extending along the first edge of the rectangular video coding block;
increase of availability along long edgesDirectional intra-prediction modes, the number of the directional intra-prediction modes newly introduced depending on the aspect ratio of the rectangular video coding block
Figure FDA0003094853370000021
Removing (409) directional intra-prediction modes from the set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes along the short edge to obtain a reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes, wherein the number of directional intra-prediction modes added along the long edge is equal to the number of directional intra-prediction modes removed along the short edge; and
intra-predicting (411) pixel values of pixels of the rectangular video coding block based on the reduced set of predetermined directional intra-prediction modes.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program, when run on a computer, performs the method (400) according to claim 10.
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