CN110113278B - Modulation mode identification method based on all-digital receiver - Google Patents
Modulation mode identification method based on all-digital receiver Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modulation mode identification method based on a full digital receiver. The invention comprises the following steps: step 1, performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) on a measurement and control signal received by receiving equipment, and estimating carrier frequency and 3dB bandwidth; step 2, utilizing the carrier frequency obtained by estimation to complete down-conversion, filtering and resampling; step 3, tracking frequency deviation of the low-frequency signal after orthogonal decomposition through a phase-locked loop, and distinguishing an FSK signal and AM _ FM and MTONE _ FM signals by using a frequency tracking curve; and 4, identifying AM _ FM and MTONE _ FM signals by performing FFT conversion on the frequency tracking curve containing the modulation information. The invention has simple operation and is easy to realize on hardware. The invention can accurately judge the FSK signal and the narrow-band FM signal of composite modulation in the all-digital receiver, and the identification accuracy is better than that based on the traditional signal instantaneous spectrum identification method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly aims at signal detection and frequency estimation, and mainly relates to a modulation mode identification method based on a full digital receiver.
Background
In an actual electronic reconnaissance environment, the transmitted signal is often accompanied by the situation that a broadband digital modulation signal and a narrowband signal are mixed, and therefore modulation mode identification research needs to be carried out on the received communication signal. And under the condition that various parameters (signal bandwidth and modulation mode) of the signal are unknown, the signal reconnaissance and identification difficulty is increased.
The currently adopted modulation mode identification method mainly comprises the identification method research based on signal cycle spectrum, the identification method research based on signal high-order cumulant, the identification method based on signal constellation diagram and the identification method based on instantaneous frequency spectrum. Although the identification method based on the instantaneous frequency spectrum is simple to operate, the identification method cannot identify the modulation mode of the narrow-band FM signal subjected to complex modulation, is easily influenced by factors such as noise and the like, and often requires a higher signal-to-noise ratio during identification. A modulation mode identification method based on a signal constellation diagram is a PSK/QAM signal modulation identification, and accurate estimation of a received signal carrier frequency and complete signal synchronization are required to be completed to realize the modulation mode identification. The communication signal modulation identification research based on signal cycle spectrum analysis is characterized in that the modulation mode identification is realized through various orders of cumulant parameters by a method of extracting variance characteristics of signal cycle spectrum envelope amplitude to classify and identify and using high order statistic characteristics. The two methods have large calculation amount, high difficulty in parameter extraction and calculation process, poor real-time on-line analysis of signals and difficult application in actual engineering projects.
Based on the analysis, the current modulation identification method mainly aims at the PSK/QAM signal, and the identification performance of the current identification method is rapidly reduced for the identification of the narrow-broadband analog-digital mixed signal. And the current identification algorithm has large calculation amount and is difficult to realize on hardware.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize the signal reconnaissance of FSK, AM _ FM and MTONE _ FM aiming at the defects of the prior art. The invention provides a modulation mode identification method based on a full digital receiver. The algorithm has better identification performance, can distinguish the narrow-band FM signals of the complex modulation, has low complexity and can be realized on hardware.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
and 4, identifying AM _ FM and MTONE _ FM signals by performing FFT conversion on the frequency tracking curve containing the modulation information.
The step 1 is specifically realized as follows:
1-1, carrying out 1024-point FFT on the received signal, finding out an abscissa value corresponding to the maximum amplitude value P, and calculating the signal frequency f0;
1-2, finding the SNR of the background noise of the frequency corresponding to the maximum value pointestAnd calculating a threshold value of a 3dB bandwidth, wherein a frequency range corresponding to a part higher than the threshold value is the bandwidth threshold of the signal:
the step 2 is realized as follows:
2-1, according to the calculated signal frequency f0Performing down-conversion, low-pass filtering and CIC extraction on the signals to reduce the data rate;
this process is represented as:
the signals are mixed according to the result of the initial estimation of the frequency of the received signals, and low-pass filtering is performed to filter out the sum frequency component, so as to obtain the in-phase signal and the quadrature signal of the FM composite modulation signal, which can be expressed as:
and 2-2, distinguishing narrow-band (AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM) signals and wide-band FSK signals according to the 3dB bandwidth. If the narrowband signal needs to perform CIC500 times of extraction on the sampling rate to reduce the sampling rate, and if the wideband signal needs to perform CIC2 times of extraction on the sampling rate.
The step 3 is realized as follows:
and 3-1, multiplying the signal after the orthogonal decomposition by the initial frequency of the local voltage controlled oscillator, and performing low-pass filtering to obtain an in-phase component and an orthogonal component. The I and Q paths of the signal can now be represented as:
in the formula, TSFor the sampling interval of the signal, KfIn order to modulate frequency offset, delta f is the initial frequency difference between the signal after down-conversion and the voltage-controlled oscillator, and m (t) is a modulation signal;
fcrepresenting the carrier frequency of the signal, n representing the number of sampling points;
the two paths of orthogonal signals are used as input signals of a phase detector. The phase discrimination equation can be expressed as:
because the arctangent and division operations are difficult to implement in hardware, the following phase discrimination equation can be used instead:
and 3-2, phase error information is obtained by a phase discrimination equation, sum frequency components are filtered and filtered out from a phase discrimination error result through second-order loop filtering, the difference frequency components are used as input voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the error approaches to zero after the loop is stabilized, so that frequency tracking is realized.
The step 4 is realized as follows:
4-1, the carrier synchronization loop tracking based on the all-digital phase-locked loop is frequency information, and AM and MTONE signals are modulated on frequency, so that a frequency tracking curve reflects modulation information, and the modulation mode identification can be realized by performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the signals which are tracked by the phase-locked loop and contain the frequency information according to different frequency spectrum characteristics of the modulation information. While the frequency tracked by the FSK signal jumps, narrow-band (AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM) signals and wide-band FSK signals can be distinguished by tracking the frequency and combining the spectrogram of the signals.
And 4-2. the AM _ FM signal is tracked by a carrier loop to obtain frequency information, the AM signal is modulated on the frequency, and an obvious spectral peak value can be obtained by performing FFT operation on the frequency information. By performing FFT operation on the frequency information of the MTONE _ FM signal, since the MTONE signal is modulated in frequency, it can be seen from the simulation result that there are a plurality of spectral peaks. It is clear that the AM _ FM signal and the MTONE _ FM signal can be distinguished by searching for the number of spectral peaks. The specific method is to calculate the average value of the corresponding signal frequency spectrum and find out the wave peak value which is much larger than the average value, thereby determining the number of the frequency impulse components.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention aims at the condition that the parameters of the reconnaissance signal are unknown, such as carrier frequency, modulation mode and the like. Modulation mode identification may be implemented.
2. The invention realizes the identification of the modulation mode of the composite modulation signal (AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM) through the modulation information contained in the frequency information tracked by the phase-locked loop, and the identification rate is higher than that of the common identification method based on the signal instantaneous frequency spectrum.
3. The method has the advantages of simple calculated amount, easy hardware realization, good use in practical engineering projects and higher practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a modulation identification method for extracting user information based on a carrier synchronization loop according to the present invention;
FIG. 23 dB bandwidth estimation flow chart;
FIG. 3 illustrates a carrier-synchronous frequency offset tracking curve for FSK signals;
FIG. 4 frequency information for AM _ FM signal carrier synchronization tracking;
FIG. 5 frequency information for carrier synchronization tracking of the MTONE _ FM signal;
FIG. 6 is a FFT spectrogram of a frequency signal containing modulation information tracked by an AM _ FM signal;
FIG. 7 is a FFT spectrogram of a frequency signal containing modulation information tracked by the MTONE _ FM signal;
Detailed Description
The following further describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a modulation mode identification method based on an all-digital receiver is specifically implemented as follows:
and step 4, identifying AM _ FM and MTONE _ FM signals by performing FFT conversion on the frequency tracking curve containing the modulation information, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
The step 1 is specifically realized as follows:
1-1, carrying out 1024-point FFT on the received signal, finding out an abscissa value corresponding to the maximum amplitude value P, and calculating the carrier frequency fc;
1-2, finding the SNR of the background noise of the corresponding frequency at the maximum value pointestThe 3dB bandwidth estimation flow chart is shown in fig. 2. Therefore, a threshold value of a 3dB bandwidth can be calculated, and a frequency range corresponding to a part higher than the threshold value is the bandwidth of the signal;
the step 2 is realized as follows:
2-1, according to the carrier frequency obtained by calculation, carrying out orthogonal decomposition on the signals to obtain I, Q two paths, filtering the signals after frequency mixing by low-pass filtering, and then carrying out CIC extraction to reduce the data rate;
this process can be expressed as:
the sum frequency component generated by mixing the signals according to the result of the initial estimation of the frequency of the received signals and filtering the signals by a low-pass filter is obtained, and the obtained in-phase and quadrature signals of the FM composite modulation signals can be expressed as:
and 2-2, distinguishing narrow-band (AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM) signals and wide-band FSK signals according to the 3dB bandwidth. If the narrowband signal needs to perform CIC500 times of extraction on the sampling rate to reduce the sampling rate, and if the wideband signal needs to perform CIC2 times of extraction on the sampling rate.
The step 3 is realized as follows:
and 3-1, multiplying the signal after the quadrature decomposition by the initial frequency of the local voltage controlled oscillator to obtain an in-phase component and a quadrature component. The I and Q paths of the signal can now be represented as:
in the formula, TSAs between samples of the signalPartition, KfFor modulating frequency deviation, Δ f represents the initial frequency difference between the down-converted signal and the voltage-controlled oscillator, and m (t) is the modulation signal.
The two paths of orthogonal signals are used as input signals of a phase detector. The phase discrimination equation can be expressed as:
because the arctangent and division operations are difficult to implement in hardware, the following phase discrimination equation can be used instead:
and 3-2, phase error information is obtained by a phase discrimination equation, sum frequency components are filtered and filtered out from a phase discrimination error result through second-order loop filtering, the difference frequency components are used as input voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the error approaches to zero after the loop is stabilized, so that frequency tracking is realized.
The step 4 is realized as follows:
4-1. the carrier synchronization loop based on the ADPLL tracks frequency information, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 5. AM, MTONE signal modulation in frequency, therefore what the frequency tracking curve reflects is the modulation information, through carrying on FFT conversion to the signal containing frequency information that the phase-locked loop tracks, according to modulating the frequency spectrum characteristic is different, can realize the modulation mode discerns. While the frequency tracked by the FSK signal jumps, narrow-band (AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM) signals and wide-band FSK signals can be distinguished by tracking the frequency and combining the spectrogram of the signals.
And 4-2. the AM _ FM signal is subjected to carrier loop tracking to obtain frequency information, the AM signal is modulated on the frequency, and an obvious spectral peak value can be obtained by performing FFT operation on the frequency information, as shown in FIG. 6. By performing FFT operation on the frequency information of the MTONE _ FM signal, since the MTONE signal is modulated in frequency, it can be seen from the simulation result that there are a plurality of spectral peaks, as shown in fig. 7. It is clear that the AM _ FM signal and the MTONE _ FM signal can be distinguished by searching for the number of spectral peaks. The specific method is to calculate the average value of the corresponding signal frequency spectrum and find out the wave peak value which is much larger than the average value, thereby determining the number of the frequency impulse components.
Example (b):
the signal is a modulated signal sent by China electronic technology group company by using Agilent E4438C, and AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM and FSK signals are collected by an AD sampling plate with the sampling frequency of 200M, wherein the bandwidth of the FSK signal is 6.4MHz, and the bandwidth of the AM _ FM and MTONE _ FM signals is 200 kHz.
Firstly, FFT conversion is carried out on an input signal to obtain a spectrogram of the signal, the carrier frequency of the signal is estimated, the 3dB bandwidth is found, and a narrow-band signal and a wide-band signal are distinguished. And then, taking the estimated carrier frequency as a down-conversion frequency to complete down-conversion, CIC extraction and low-pass filtering. If the signal is a narrow-band signal, CIC 500-time extraction is needed to be carried out on the sampling frequency to reduce the sampling rate, and the sampling rate is sent into a carrier synchronization loop. If the broadband signal needs CIC2 times extraction, the frequency information is sent to the carrier synchronization loop to track the frequency information. In the modulation mode identification, the FSK signal and AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM signals can be distinguished according to whether the bandwidth and the tracked frequency information jump or not. Since the tracked frequency curve reflects the information of the modulated signal, the complex modulated narrowband FM signal can be distinguished by performing FFT on the frequency information including the modulated information. According to the test result, the recognition rates of the test result of the method of the invention respectively correspond to 95.5%, 98.5% and 100 when the signal-to-noise ratio is 2dB, 4dB and 6 dB. The two signals are difficult to distinguish by the current common instantaneous spectrum modulation mode identification method.
The embodiment result shows that the narrow-broadband signal modulation mode identification algorithm based on the all-digital receiver has the advantages of simple operation amount, easy hardware realization and high simulation operation speed. Compared with a transient spectrum feature identification method, the narrow-band FM signal identification method based on the composite modulation has the advantages that the narrow-band FM signal identification method based on the composite modulation can identify the narrow-band FM signal through the composite modulation, and has high practical significance.
Finally, it is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A modulation mode identification method based on a full digital receiver is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) on a measurement and control signal received by receiving equipment, and estimating a carrier frequency and a 3dB bandwidth;
step 2, utilizing the carrier frequency obtained by estimation to complete down-conversion, filtering and resampling;
step 3, tracking frequency deviation of the low-frequency signal after orthogonal decomposition through a phase-locked loop, and distinguishing an FSK signal and AM _ FM and MTONE _ FM signals by using a frequency tracking curve;
step 4, identifying AM _ FM and MTONE _ FM signals by performing FFT conversion on the frequency tracking curve containing the modulation information;
the step 1 is specifically realized as follows:
1-1, carrying out 1024-point FFT on the received signal, finding out an abscissa value corresponding to the maximum amplitude value P, and estimating the signal frequency f0;
1-2, finding the SNR of the background noise of the frequency corresponding to the maximum value pointestAnd calculating a threshold value of a 3dB bandwidth, wherein a frequency range corresponding to a part higher than the threshold value is the bandwidth threshold of the signal:
the step 2 is realized as follows:
2-1, according to the calculated signal frequency f0Performing down-conversion, low-pass filtering and CIC extraction on the signals to reduce the data rate;
this process is represented as:
the signals are mixed according to the result of the initial estimation of the frequency of the received signals, and low-pass filtering is performed to filter out the sum frequency component, so as to obtain the in-phase signal and the quadrature signal of the FM composite modulation signal, which can be expressed as:
2-2, distinguishing narrow-band (AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM) signals and wide-band FSK signals according to the 3dB bandwidth; if the narrowband signal needs CIC500 times of sampling rate to reduce the sampling rate, if the wideband signal needs CIC2 times of sampling rate;
the step 3 is realized as follows:
3-1, multiplying the orthogonally decomposed signal by the initial frequency of the local voltage controlled oscillator, and performing low-pass filtering to obtain an in-phase component and an orthogonal component; the I and Q paths of the signal can now be represented as:
in the formula, TSFor the sampling interval of the signal, KfIn order to modulate frequency offset, delta f is the initial frequency difference between the signal after down-conversion and the voltage-controlled oscillator, and m (t) is a modulation signal;
fcrepresenting the carrier frequency of the signal, n representing the number of sampling points;
the two paths of orthogonal signals are used as input signals of a phase discriminator; the phase discrimination equation can be expressed as:
because the arctangent and division operations are difficult to implement in hardware, the following phase discrimination equation can be used instead:
3-2, phase error information is obtained by a phase discrimination equation, sum frequency components are filtered and filtered out by a phase discrimination error result through second-order loop filtering, the difference frequency components are used as input voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the error approaches to zero after the loop is stabilized, so that frequency tracking is realized;
the step 4 is realized as follows:
4-1, the carrier synchronization loop tracking based on the all-digital phase-locked loop is frequency information, and AM and MTONE signals are modulated on frequency, so that a frequency tracking curve reflects modulation information, and the modulation mode identification can be realized by performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) on the signals which are tracked by the phase-locked loop and contain the frequency information according to different frequency spectrum characteristics of the modulation information; the frequency tracked by the FSK signal jumps, and narrow-band (AM _ FM, MTONE _ FM) signals and broadband FSK signals can be distinguished by tracking the frequency and combining the spectrogram of the signals;
4-2, the AM _ FM signal is tracked by a carrier loop to obtain frequency information, the AM signal is modulated on the frequency, and an obvious spectral peak value can be obtained by performing FFT operation on the frequency information; by performing FFT operation on the frequency information of the MTONE _ FM signal, because the MTONE signal is modulated on the frequency, a plurality of spectrum peaks can be seen from a simulation result; obviously, the AM _ FM signal and the MTONE _ FM signal can be distinguished by searching for the number of spectral peaks; the specific method is to calculate the average value of the corresponding signal frequency spectrum and find out the wave peak value larger than the average value, thereby determining the number of the frequency impulse components.
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CN112565127B (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2022-07-22 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Measurement and control signal modulation identification method based on residual error network and frequency domain graph |
CN113014523B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-01-11 | 电子科技大学 | Composite modulation signal blind identification method based on fusion characteristics |
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