CN110112583B - Multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device - Google Patents

Multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110112583B
CN110112583B CN201910469677.2A CN201910469677A CN110112583B CN 110112583 B CN110112583 B CN 110112583B CN 201910469677 A CN201910469677 A CN 201910469677A CN 110112583 B CN110112583 B CN 110112583B
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Prior art keywords
patch
frequency
antenna
patch antenna
wide
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CN110112583A (en
Inventor
王孝卫
姚德安
陈菲
吴宏伟
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Shaanxi xingjitong Communication Co., Ltd
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Dongguan Xingjitong Communication Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/526Electromagnetic shields
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device which comprises a shell, wherein a plurality of patch antennas with different frequency bands, radio frequency transceivers corresponding to the patch antennas, and a feed network used for transmitting radio frequency signals between the patch antennas and the radio frequency transceivers are arranged in the shell in a stacking mode, the radio frequency transceivers are arranged on the periphery sides of the patch antennas, the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device further comprises a mounting seat used for supporting the patch antennas, and an accommodating cavity used for arranging the feed network is arranged in the mounting seat. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device provided by the invention has smaller volume and compact structure.

Description

Multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device.
Background
As a front-end device of a communication system, antennas have specific requirements for polarization, gain, and pattern in different application fields. The circularly polarized antenna can receive electromagnetic waves in any polarization mode, the radiated electromagnetic waves can be received by the antenna in any polarization mode, and the radiated electromagnetic waves can also inhibit depolarization effect and multipath reflection caused by natural phenomena such as rain, fog and the like; meanwhile, the circularly polarized antenna can also improve the polarization mismatch resistance of a communication link, so that the circularly polarized antenna is widely applied to the fields of satellite communication and satellite navigation.
As is known, in order for a communication device on the ground to establish a communication link with a satellite in any attitude, the antenna of the communication device is required to have a large beam width, or the gain within a large beam width is required to be larger than a critical value. When the antenna works in a single frequency or a narrow frequency, the antenna with a wide beam is easy to realize, and when the antenna works in a multi-frequency or a wide frequency, a large space needs to be arranged for the antenna, so that the communication performance of the antenna can be ensured.
Based on the above, in order to ensure the communication performance of the antenna, the conventional multi-frequency wide-beam antenna has a large overall size, and cannot meet the requirements of miniaturization and compact structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device to solve the technical problem that the whole multi-frequency wide-beam antenna is large in size.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a small-sized and compact-structure multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device, which comprises a shell, wherein a plurality of patch antennas with different frequency bands, radio frequency transceivers corresponding to the patch antennas, and a feed network used for transmitting radio frequency signals between the patch antennas and the radio frequency transceivers are arranged in the shell, the patch antennas are arranged in the shell in a stacked manner, the radio frequency transceivers are arranged on the peripheral sides of the patch antennas, the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device further comprises a mounting seat used for supporting the patch antennas, and an accommodating cavity used for arranging the feed network is arranged in the mounting seat.
Preferably, the plurality of patch antennas with different frequency bands include a first patch antenna, a second patch antenna, a third patch antenna and a fourth patch antenna which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the working frequency band of the first patch antenna is 300 MHz-400 MHz, the working frequency band of the second patch antenna is 1980 MHz-2200 MHz, the working frequency band of the third patch antenna is 1551 MHz-1571 MHz, and the working frequency band of the fourth patch antenna is 1250 MHz-1280 MHz.
Preferably, the mounting base includes a first mounting base for supporting the first patch antenna and a second mounting base for supporting the second patch antenna, the third patch antenna and the fourth patch antenna, the cross section of the first mounting base is a T-shaped structure, and the cross section of the second mounting base is a step structure with bilateral symmetry.
Preferably, each of the patch antennas with different frequency bands includes a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a coupling feed probe and a ground pillar disposed on the radiation patch; or each of the plurality of patch antennas with different frequency bands comprises a radiation patch, and a coupling feed probe and a grounding column which are arranged on the radiation patch, and the radiation patches are supported by a dielectric column.
Preferably, the patch antennas are arranged in a wafer shape, and a plurality of patch antennas close to the bottom of the housing include a plurality of layers of cylinders for controlling beam width and having a circular cross section, and in the direction of the patch antennas, the cross section at the back of the plurality of layers of cylinders is smaller than the cross section at the front.
Preferably, a plurality of the patch antennas close to the bottom of the housing include a first cylinder, a second cylinder and a third cylinder which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the first cylinder and the third cylinder are of cylindrical structures, and the second cylinder is of a circular truncated cone structure.
Preferably, the radio frequency transceiver includes a radio frequency receiving circuit including a low frequency noise amplifier and a down converter, and a radio frequency transmitting circuit including an up converter and a power amplifier.
Preferably, the housing includes a base and a spacer disposed in the base, the spacer defines a first mounting area for arranging the patch antenna and a second mounting area for arranging the radio frequency transceiver in the base, and the housing further includes a radome matched with the first mounting area and a cover plate matched with the second mounting area.
Preferably, the spacer includes a base portion and a partition portion extending upward from a peripheral side of the base portion and protruding from an accommodation space defined by the chassis, an inner space of the partition portion is a first mounting region for arranging the patch antenna, and an outer space of the partition portion is a second mounting region for arranging the radio frequency transceiver.
Preferably, the casing is cuboid shape setting, the length of casing is less than 400mm, the width of casing is less than 400mm, the height of casing is less than 40 mm.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: the patch antennas are arranged in the shell in a stacked mode through the mounting base, and the feed network used for transmitting radio-frequency signals is arranged in the inner accommodating cavity of the mounting base, so that space is saved; meanwhile, the radio frequency transceivers corresponding to the patch antennas are arranged in the space around the patch antennas, so that the overall structure of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device is compact. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device ensures that the overall volume of the multi-frequency antenna is relatively small and the arrangement among the structures is compact on the premise that the multi-frequency antenna meets wide beams.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural view of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus shown in fig. 1 without the radome and the cover plate;
fig. 3 is a top view of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a-a plane of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus shown in fig. 3;
fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a patch antenna of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a side view of the patch antenna shown in fig. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a simulation of the radiation direction of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a simulation diagram of the axial ratio direction of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and all other embodiments that can be obtained by one skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device, referring to fig. 1 to 4, the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device includes a housing 1, a plurality of patch antennas 2 having different frequency bands, radio frequency transceivers corresponding to the patch antennas 2, and a feed network for transmitting radio frequency signals between the patch antennas and the radio frequency transceivers are disposed in the housing 1, the patch antennas 2 are stacked in the housing, the radio frequency transceivers are disposed on the periphery of the patch antennas 2, the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device further includes a mounting base 3 for supporting the patch antennas 2, and a receiving cavity for disposing the feed network is disposed in the mounting base 3.
It can be understood that the interior of the housing 1 is provided with an accommodating space for arranging the patch antenna 2, the radio frequency transceiver and the feeding network and the mounting base 3, wherein the housing 1 is made of metal material, such as copper, aluminum or steel, so as to prevent the devices in the housing 1 from being interfered by external electromagnetic field. Specifically, when the electromagnetic wave outside the housing 1 reaches the surface of the housing 1, part of the electromagnetic wave is reflected on the surface of the housing 1 due to the discontinuous interface of air-metal impedance; thereafter, the electromagnetic wave, which is not reflected by the surface of the housing 1 and enters the inner wall of the housing 1, will be attenuated in the inner wall of the housing 1; then, when the unattenuated electromagnetic wave enters the interior of the housing 1, the electromagnetic wave is reflected again due to the discontinuous interface of metal-air impedance, and enters the housing 1 again, thereby playing the role of electromagnetic shielding.
Further, the patch antenna 2 includes a rectangular patch antenna, a square patch antenna, a circular patch antenna, and the like, including but not limited to these, and those skilled in the art can select the patch antenna according to the actual situation.
Further, the multi-frequency broad-beam antenna device provided by the present invention may be fed through a radio frequency transmission line, a coaxial line, or an electromagnetic coupling, etc., including but not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can set the feeding according to practical situations.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the operating frequency bands of the patch antennas 2 are different from each other, so as to be respectively used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals of different frequency bands. It is understood that the patch antenna 2 near the bottom of the housing 1 among the plurality of patch antennas 2 also serves as a reflection plate of the upper patch antenna 2, and thus, the radiation performance of the upper patch antenna 2 can be adjusted by changing the shape and size of the patch antenna 2.
According to the technical scheme, the patch antennas are arranged in the shell 1 in a stacked mode through the mounting base 3, and the feed network used for transmitting radio-frequency signals is arranged in the inner accommodating cavity of the mounting base, so that space is saved; meanwhile, the radio frequency transceivers corresponding to the patch antennas 2 are arranged in the space around the patch antennas 2, so that the overall structure of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device is compact. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device ensures that the overall volume of the multi-frequency antenna is relatively small and the arrangement among the structures is compact on the premise that the multi-frequency antenna meets wide beams.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the patch antenna 2 includes a first patch antenna 21, a second patch antenna 22, a third patch antenna 23, and a fourth patch antenna 24, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, where an operating frequency band of the first patch antenna 21 is 300MHz to 400MHz, an operating frequency band of the second patch antenna 22 is 1980MHz to 2200MHz, an operating frequency band of the third patch antenna 23 is 1551MHz to 1571MHz, and an operating frequency band of the fourth patch antenna 24 is 1250MHz to 1280 MHz.
It should be noted that the first patch antenna 21, the second patch antenna 22, the third patch antenna 23, and the fourth patch antenna 24 mentioned above are satellite communication antennas, and are mainly used for a satellite communication and satellite navigation combination system.
Referring to fig. 4, the mounting base 3 according to the present invention includes a first mounting base 31 for supporting the first patch antenna 21 and a second mounting base 32 for supporting the second patch antenna 22, the third patch antenna 23, and the fourth patch antenna 24, wherein a cross section of the first mounting base 31 is a T-shaped structure, and a cross section of the second mounting base 32 is a step structure with bilateral symmetry. It can be understood that the first mounting seat 31 is provided with a first accommodating cavity for arranging the feed network, the second mounting seat 32 is provided with a second accommodating cavity for arranging the feed network, and the feed networks of the first patch antenna 21, the second patch antenna 22, the third patch antenna 23 and the fourth patch antenna 24 are wired through the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity, so that the overall weight of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device provided by the invention is correspondingly reduced while the space is fully utilized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, each patch antenna 2 of the plurality of patch antennas 2 having different frequency bands includes a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a coupling feed probe and a ground pillar disposed on the radiation patch; or, each of the patch antennas 2 having different frequency bands includes a radiation patch, and a coupling feed probe and a ground pillar disposed on the radiation patch, and the radiation patches are supported by a dielectric pillar.
In the above embodiment, the patch antenna 2 generally includes three parts, namely a dielectric substrate and a metal ground plane covering the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate with a radiation patch on the dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is arranged between the radiation patch and the metal ground plane (which is equivalent to a reflecting plate and can reflect and gather energy radiated by the radiation patch), and is mainly used for reducing the resonant frequency of the radiation patch. In order to further reduce the overall volume of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device, the dielectric substrate of any or all of the patch antennas in the multiple patch antennas can be removed, and the radiation patches are locally supported through the dielectric columns or the metal columns. In an embodiment of the present invention, the patch antenna 2 near the bottom of the housing 1 among the plurality of patch antennas 2 includes a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, a coupling feed probe disposed on the radiation patch, and a ground pillar.
Referring to fig. 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, the patch antennas 2 are disposed in a wafer shape, and the patch antenna 2 near the bottom of the housing 1 in the plurality of patch antennas 2 includes a plurality of columns 211 for controlling a beam width and having a circular cross section, and a rear cross section of the plurality of columns 211 is smaller than a front cross section thereof in a direction toward the patch antennas 2. It can be understood that the distribution form of the current determines the shape of the antenna radiation pattern, and the multilayer cylinder 211 of the patch antenna 2 proposed by the present invention can control the spatial distribution form of the current on the metal surface, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the beam width of the electromagnetic wave. The multilayer cylinder 211 of the patch antenna 2 provided by the invention can ensure that the passive radiation gain of the upper patch antenna 2 in the direction deviating from 70 degrees from the normal direction of the sky surface is larger than-10 dB, and the circular polarization axial ratio is smaller than 6 dB. It should be noted that the normal direction of the sky specifically refers to a vertical direction with respect to the antenna surface. Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the patch antenna 2 near the bottom of the housing 1 in the plurality of patch antennas 2 includes a first cylinder 211a, a second cylinder 211b, and a third cylinder 211c sequentially arranged from bottom to top, where diameters of bottom surfaces and top surfaces of the first cylinder 211a and the third cylinder 211c are equal, that is, a cylindrical structure, and the second cylinder 211b is a circular truncated cone structure. Those skilled in the art can select the specific number and shape of the columns 211 of the patch antenna 2 according to the technical solution described in the present invention, so as to meet different requirements of the antenna for radiation performance.
It can be understood that the radio frequency transceiver proposed by the present invention includes a radio frequency receiving circuit including a low frequency noise amplifier and a down converter, and a radio frequency transmitting circuit including an up converter and a power amplifier.
With the above description, the working principle of the multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device proposed by the present invention is described as follows: the patch antenna 2 of each working frequency band receives electromagnetic waves of a corresponding frequency band in space, converts the electromagnetic waves into electric signals, transmits the electric signals to a receiving channel through a feed network, and transmits the electric signals to a demodulator for demodulation after the receiving channel is subjected to filtering, low-noise amplification, down-conversion and other processing; the modulator of each working frequency band modulates signals and sends the signals to the transmitting channel, the transmitting channel transmits the signals to the patch antenna 2 of the corresponding frequency band through a feed network after up-conversion, power amplification, filtering and the like, and the patch antenna 2 converts the received electric signals into electromagnetic waves and radiates the electromagnetic waves to the space.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the housing 1 according to the present invention includes a base 11 and a spacer 12 disposed in the base 11, the spacer 12 defining a first mounting area 4 for disposing the patch antenna 2 and a second mounting area 5 for disposing the radio frequency transceiver in the base 11, and the housing 1 further includes a radome 13 matched with the first mounting area 4 and a cover plate 14 matched with the second mounting area 5. In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to meet the electromagnetic compatibility requirement of the patch antenna 2, first, a first mounting area 4 and a second mounting area 5 are defined in a base 11 through an isolator 12, then, a radome 13 matched with the first mounting area 4 is disposed on the first mounting area 4, and a cover plate 14 matched with the second mounting area 5 is disposed on the second mounting area 5, the radome 13 and the first mounting area 4 form a first closed space for arranging the patch antenna 2, and the cover plate 14 and the second mounting area 5 form a second closed space for arranging a radio frequency transceiver, so that the patch antenna 2 and the radio frequency transceiver are completely isolated from each other, and electromagnetic interference is avoided.
In the above embodiment, the spacer 12 specifically includes the base portion 121 and the partition portion 122 extending upward from the peripheral side of the base portion 121 and protruding the accommodating space defined by the chassis 11, the inner space of the partition portion 122 is the first mounting region 4 for arranging the patch antenna 2, and the outer space of the partition portion 122 is the second mounting region 5 for arranging the radio frequency transceiver. In the embodiment of the present invention, the spacer 12 is specifically configured as a cylindrical structure with a hollow interior and an open end, the bottom of the cylindrical structure corresponds to the aforementioned base portion 121, and the arc-shaped side portion of the cylindrical structure corresponds to the aforementioned partition portion 122. Preferably, a gap of a certain size is provided between the spacer 12 and the base 11, which gap can be used as a routing arrangement for the feeding network proposed by the present invention to further save space.
The above description is only a part of or preferred embodiments of the present invention, and neither the text nor the drawings should be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or any other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device is characterized by comprising a shell, wherein a plurality of patch antennas with different frequency bands, radio frequency transceivers corresponding to the patch antennas and a feed network used for transmitting radio frequency signals between the patch antennas and the radio frequency transceivers are arranged in the shell, the patch antennas are arranged in the shell in a stacked mode, the patch antennas are arranged in a wafer shape, and the patch antenna close to the bottom of the shell in the plurality of patch antennas comprises a plurality of layers of cylinders which are used for controlling the beam width and have circular cross sections, and the cross sections of the cylinders at the back in the plurality of layers of cylinders are smaller than the cross sections at the front in the direction of the patch antennas; the radio frequency transceiver sets up week side of patch antenna, multifrequency wide beam antenna device still includes and is used for supporting patch antenna's mount pad, be provided with in the mount pad and be used for arranging the holding chamber of feed network.
2. The multi-band wide-beam antenna device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of patch antennas with different frequency bands include a first patch antenna, a second patch antenna, a third patch antenna, and a fourth patch antenna, which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the first patch antenna has an operating frequency band of 300MHz to 400MHz, the second patch antenna has an operating frequency band of 1980MHz to 2200MHz, the third patch antenna has an operating frequency band of 1551MHz to 1571MHz, and the fourth patch antenna has an operating frequency band of 1250MHz to 1280 MHz.
3. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the mounting base includes a first mounting base for supporting the first patch antenna and a second mounting base for supporting the second patch antenna, the third patch antenna and the fourth patch antenna, the first mounting base has a T-shaped cross section, and the second mounting base has a left-right symmetrical stepped cross section.
4. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of patch antennas having different frequency bands comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch disposed on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and a coupling feed probe and a ground pillar disposed on the radiation patch; or each of the plurality of patch antennas with different frequency bands comprises a radiation patch, and a coupling feed probe and a grounding column which are arranged on the radiation patch, and the radiation patches are supported by a dielectric column.
5. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the patch antenna near the bottom of the housing among the plurality of patch antennas includes a first cylinder, a second cylinder, and a third cylinder sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the first cylinder and the third cylinder are cylindrical structures, and the second cylinder is a circular truncated cone structure.
6. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radio-frequency transceiver comprises a radio-frequency receive circuit comprising a low-frequency noise amplifier and a down-converter and a radio-frequency transmit circuit comprising an up-converter and a power amplifier.
7. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a base and a spacer disposed within the base, the spacer defining a first mounting area within the base for disposing the patch antenna and a second mounting area within the base for disposing the radio frequency transceiver, the housing further comprising a radome matching the first mounting area and a cover matching the second mounting area.
8. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device according to claim 7, wherein the spacer includes a base portion and a partition portion extending upward from a peripheral side of the base portion and protruding out of an accommodation space defined by the base, an inner space of the partition portion being a first mounting region for arranging the patch antenna, and an outer space of the partition portion being a second mounting region for arranging the radio-frequency transceiver.
9. The multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device of claim 1, wherein said housing is rectangular parallelepiped, said housing has a length of less than 400mm, said housing has a width of less than 400mm, and said housing has a height of less than 40 mm.
CN201910469677.2A 2019-05-31 2019-05-31 Multi-frequency wide-beam antenna device Active CN110112583B (en)

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JP4562010B2 (en) * 2008-06-04 2010-10-13 ミツミ電機株式会社 Antenna element
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