CN110112370A - A kind of self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method based on 3D printing - Google Patents

A kind of self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method based on 3D printing Download PDF

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CN110112370A
CN110112370A CN201910532902.2A CN201910532902A CN110112370A CN 110112370 A CN110112370 A CN 110112370A CN 201910532902 A CN201910532902 A CN 201910532902A CN 110112370 A CN110112370 A CN 110112370A
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combination electrode
printing
self
graphene
silicon
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尹鸽平
木天胜
左朋建
娄帅锋
马玉林
杜春雨
程新群
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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Abstract

Self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method based on 3D printing that the invention discloses a kind of, described method includes following steps: (1) based on silica-base material and graphene oxide, binder is added, prepares uniformly printable ink；(2) combination electrode is printed using squash type 3D printer；(3) combination electrode is dried and reduction treatment, obtains self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode.Silicon-graphene combination electrode prepared by the present invention possesses a large amount of graded porous structure, can effectively buffer the volume expansion of silica-base material, while improving lithium ion and electronics transmission rate in the electrodes.The preparation method has the characteristics that preparation simple, structure-controllable, low in cost, has broad application prospects.

Description

A kind of self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method based on 3D printing
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of lithium ion battery, are related to a kind of preparation method of self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode, tool Body is related to a kind of compound based on squash type 3D printing technique preparation high conductivity, porous self-supporting graphene-silicon of stable structure The method of electrode.
Background technique
Continuous with New-energy electric vehicle is popularized, and people propose higher want to the energy density of lithium ion battery It asks.For lithium ion battery negative material, the energy density of commercialized graphite material has been difficult to meet the requirements, development The negative electrode material of novel high-energy metric density is extremely urgent.Silica-base material is a kind of cathode material of ideal alternative graphite Material, high, cheap, the highly-safe, advantages of environment protection with theoretical capacity.However, silica-base material is in charge and discharge Serious volume change is faced, electrode dusting is caused and is detached from collector, at the same time, unstable SEI film will be repeatedly It is formed and consumes a large amount of active lithium-ion.In addition, the electron conduction of silicon is excessively poor.These problems result in silica-base material difference Chemical property.
In recent years, 3D printing technique is as a kind of emerging material and device technology of preparing, because it is in electronics, aviation, doctor The potential application in etc. fields, and be concerned.It is applied currently, 3D printing has begun in new energy field.Based on crowded The 3D printing technique of pressure type provides technical support to design pole piece structure on electrode dimensions.For silica-base material, rationally Electrode structural designs can be effectively improved its chemical property, the features such as the simple of 3D printing, controllable precise is it in silicon substrate Huge application prospect is shown in terms of the electrode design of material.
Summary of the invention
Self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method based on 3D printing that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of, Self-supporting electrode prepared by this method has porous structure and excellent electric conductivity, and preparation method is simple, controllability is high, Have great importance to the industrial application of silica-base material.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method based on 3D printing, the method is with silica-base material, oxidation Graphene and binder are the ink that raw material preparation is suitble to printing, and then making to computerized control prints answering for porous structure Pole piece is closed, reduction treatment is finally carried out.Specific implementation step is as follows:
(1) based on silica-base material and graphene oxide, binder is added, prepares uniformly printable ink, in which: silicon substrate The mass ratio of material and graphene oxide is between 1 ~ 10:1 ~ 10, and the mass ratio of binder and silicon materials is between 1:1 ~ 5；
(2) squash type 3D printer is utilized, the high carrying capacity combination electrode of certain structure is printed；
(3) combination electrode is dried and reduction treatment, the self-supporting silicon-graphene compound electric being had excellent performance Pole.
In the present invention, the silica-base material includes elementary silicon material or silica material.
In the present invention, the concentration of the graphene oxide is between 20 ~ 100mg/ml.
In the present invention, the binder includes polyacrylic acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, the third three One of alcohol, ethylene glycol, PEDOS, PSS.
In the present invention, certain structure is the structure of stacked in multi-layers printing.
In the present invention, the diameter of the pressure type 3D printing syringe needle is between 100 ~ 400 μm.
In the present invention, the high carrying capacity of silica-base material is in 1 ~ 15mg/cm in the high carrying capacity combination electrode2Between.
In the present invention, described be dried includes that heat treatment is dried and frozen dry two kinds of processing modes.
In the present invention, the reduction treatment includes thermal reduction processing and chemical method reduction treatment two ways.
In the present invention, the temperature of the thermal reduction processing is between 500 ~ 900 DEG C, and the recovery time is between 2 ~ 5 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
1, silicon-graphene combination electrode prepared by the present invention possesses a large amount of graded porous structure, can effectively buffer silicon The volume expansion of sill, while improving lithium ion and electronics transmission rate in the electrodes；
2, it using graphene as framework material in silicon-graphene combination electrode prepared by the present invention, can effectively improve entire The electric conductivity of electrode；The pyrolytic carbon that binder is formed, which is coated on silica-base material surface, can further buffer the volume change of silicon, Contact of the silica-base material with electrolyte can be also reduced simultaneously, advantageously forms stable SEI film；
3, the present invention prepares self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode of high-energy density, the preparation method using 3D printing technique Have the characteristics that preparation simple, structure-controllable, low in cost, has broad application prospects.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is unreduced pole piece photo after printing；
Fig. 2 is self-supporting silicon-graphene pole piece after thermal reduction；
Fig. 3 is the SEM picture in pole piece section after thermal reduction；
Fig. 4 is first charge-discharge curve of the obtained pole piece of embodiment 1 at 100mA/g.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, further description of the technical solution of the present invention, and however, it is not limited to this, all right Technical solution of the present invention is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all be contained Lid is within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode based on 3D printing is prepared via a method which:
(1) choosing median particle diameter is the nano silicon particles of 50 ~ 80 nm as silicon source, and the 1g nano-silicon is taken to be scattered in 20ml concentration In graphene oxide water solution for 50 mg/ml, ultrasonic disperse 2 hours, 1g polyacrylic acid is then added, slurry is placed on and is stirred It mixes and is stirred 10 hours on device, obtain finely dispersed ink.
(2) ink of above-mentioned preparation is added in the cavity of squash type 3D printer, adjusts pressure, until reaching suitable Discharging speed different layers of electrodes are printed on the substrate of glass using 200 μm of printing syringe needle.
(3) printed electrode is put into freeze drier to 24 hours dry pole piece digital photograph such as Fig. 1 after freezing It is shown, it is then placed in tube furnace and heats, 600 DEG C/2h, use Ar as protection gas, after temperature drops to room temperature, can be obtained certainly Silicon-graphene combination electrode of support, as shown in Figure 2.
The filament that the macroporous structure and printer head that pole piece printing can be clearly visible from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 squeeze out.Figure 3 be the cross-section diagram of pole piece after reduction, can will become apparent from stacked in multi-layers structure from Fig. 3, electrode shares four layers in figure.Fig. 4 be First charge-discharge curve under 100 mA/g current densities, coulombic efficiency is 70% or so for the first time.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode based on 3D printing is prepared via a method which:
(1) silicon monoxide of the median particle diameter between 800nm ~ 1 μm is chosen as silicon source, and the 1g silicon monoxide is taken to be scattered in 20ml Concentration is ultrasonic disperse 5 hours in the graphene oxide water solution of 40mg/ml, and 0.5g sodium carboxymethylcellulose, machine is then added Tool stirs 12 hours, obtains uniform ink.
(2) ink obtained above is added in the cavity of squash type 3D printer, using 300 μm of diameter of syringe needles into Then pole piece is put into freeze drier 24 hours dry by row printing.
(3) pole piece after drying process is put into tube furnace and is heat-treated, 800 DEG C of reduction temperature, the recovery time 1 is small When.After dropping to room temperature, silicon-graphene combination electrode of self-supporting can be obtained.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method based on 3D printing, it is characterised in that the method packet Include following steps:
(1) based on silica-base material and graphene oxide, binder is added, prepares uniformly printable ink, in which: silicon substrate The mass ratio of material and graphene oxide is between 1 ~ 10:1 ~ 10, and the mass ratio of binder and silicon materials is between 1:1 ~ 5；
(2) combination electrode is printed using squash type 3D printer；
(3) combination electrode is dried and reduction treatment, obtains self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode.
2. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 1 based on 3D printing, feature It is that the silica-base material is elementary silicon material or silica material.
3. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 1 based on 3D printing, feature It is the concentration of the graphene oxide between 20 ~ 100mg/ml.
4. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 1 based on 3D printing, feature Be the binder include polyacrylic acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, glycerine, ethylene glycol, One of PEDOS, PSS.
5. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 1 based on 3D printing, feature It is that the combination electrode has the structure of stacked in multi-layers printing.
6. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 1 based on 3D printing, feature It is the diameter of the squash type 3D printing syringe needle between 100 ~ 400 μm.
7. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 1 based on 3D printing, feature It is the carrying capacity of silica-base material in the combination electrode in 1 ~ 15mg/cm2Between.
8. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 1 based on 3D printing, feature It is described be dried as heat treatment drying or freeze-drying.
9. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 1 based on 3D printing, feature It is the reduction treatment for thermal reduction processing or chemical method reduction treatment.
10. self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method according to claim 9 based on 3D printing, special Sign is the temperature of the thermal reduction processing between 500 ~ 900 DEG C, and the recovery time is between 2 ~ 5 hours.
CN201910532902.2A 2019-06-19 2019-06-19 A kind of self-supporting silicon-graphene combination electrode preparation method based on 3D printing Pending CN110112370A (en)

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Cited By (3)

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CN111477843A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-31 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所南昌研究院 3D printing positive electrode material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN111525094A (en) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-11 武汉理工大学 Method for preparing self-supporting high-load carbon-based material/sulfur composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode through 3D printing
CN114023947A (en) * 2021-11-05 2022-02-08 四川大学 3D printing three-dimensional zinc cathode and preparation method thereof

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CN111477843A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-31 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所南昌研究院 3D printing positive electrode material, and preparation method and application thereof
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CN111525094A (en) * 2020-04-29 2020-08-11 武汉理工大学 Method for preparing self-supporting high-load carbon-based material/sulfur composite lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode through 3D printing
CN114023947A (en) * 2021-11-05 2022-02-08 四川大学 3D printing three-dimensional zinc cathode and preparation method thereof

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RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20190809

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication