CN110111854A - Radionuclide discharges calculation method of the approach to aquatile concentration from surface water - Google Patents
Radionuclide discharges calculation method of the approach to aquatile concentration from surface water Download PDFInfo
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- CN110111854A CN110111854A CN201910256457.1A CN201910256457A CN110111854A CN 110111854 A CN110111854 A CN 110111854A CN 201910256457 A CN201910256457 A CN 201910256457A CN 110111854 A CN110111854 A CN 110111854A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to radiate assessment technique field, it is related to radionuclide from surface water and discharges calculation method of the approach to aquatile concentration.The calculation method includes the following steps: that (1) establishes the hydrodynamic force and diffusion model of radionuclide transfer；(2) model that radionuclide is shifted from water, suspended matter to fish is established, the model that radionuclide is shifted from suspended matter, deposit to zoobenthos is established；(3) calculating parameter needed for above-mentioned steps (1), the model that (2) are established is obtained；(4) cumulative concentration of the radionuclide in biology is calculated.Calculation method of the approach to aquatile concentration is discharged from surface water using radionuclide of the invention, it can be based on biology to the nonequilibrium condition of the absorption of nucleic, consider more transfer factor approach, more factors for influencing transfer factor is considered, so that calculated result be made to be more in line with reality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiate assessment technique field, it is dense to aquatile from surface water release approach to be related to radionuclide
The calculation method of collection.
Background technique
Since Fukushima nuclear accident, the radiation consequence that radionuclide liquid release approach generates is concerned by people, and is put
Penetrating property nucleic from water to aquatile concentration be even more emphasis concerned by people.
Radionuclide is to happen suddenly from the mode that liquid approach discharges under accident scenarios, heterogeneous, in this case
Radionuclide forms pollution group in water and shifts its activity concentration with flow condition, therefore radionuclide space-time in water
Distribution is heterogeneous, and aquatile is under these conditions to the absorption of radionuclide that there are concentrations-to clean up phenomenon.
It is general calculate radionuclide to the method for biology transfer be using the bioconcentration factor under equilibrium condition.This is dense
Collection the factor aquatile be in radionuclide specific activity concentration it is metastable under the conditions of obtain, for nucleic activity concentration change
It is not suitable in the water of change.
Currently, domestic and international radionuclide mainly uses compartment model from water to the calculation method that aquatile shifts, respectively
The share distribution coefficient or transfer factor (hereinafter referred to as transfer factor) shifted between compartment calculates.What evaluation personnel used turns
The factor is moved mainly to obtain from IAEA report, document.The experiment condition that these transfer factor obtain is irregular, is largely balance
Under state；And for nucleic with dispersion of flow, biology is nonequilibrium condition to the absorption of nucleic under accident.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish radionuclide liquid under a set of scene suitable for nuclear accident to discharge into Xiang Shui surface water
The calculation method of biology transfer parameters.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide radionuclides to discharge calculation method of the approach to aquatile concentration from surface water,
Can consider more transfer factor approach based on biology to the nonequilibrium condition of the absorption of nucleic, consider more influence
The factor of transfer factor, so that calculated result be made to be more in line with reality.
In order to achieve this, the present invention provides radionuclide and discharges approach from surface water in the embodiment on basis
To the calculation method of aquatile concentration, the calculation method includes the following steps:
(1) hydrodynamic force and diffusion model of radionuclide transfer are established；
(2) establish the model that radionuclide is shifted from water, suspended matter to fish, establish radionuclide from suspended matter,
The model that deposit is shifted to zoobenthos；
(3) calculating parameter needed for above-mentioned steps (1), the model that (2) are established is obtained；
(4) cumulative concentration of the radionuclide in biology is calculated.
In a preferred embodiment, present invention offer radionuclide discharges approach to aquatile from surface water
The calculation method of concentration, wherein in step (1), the equation of transfer of the radionuclide for the model established is as follows,
In water:
In deposit:
In suspended matter:
Wherein:
CwFor the concentration of radionuclide in water, Bq/m3；
CdThe concentration for being radionuclide in deposit, Bq/kg；
CsThe concentration for being radionuclide in suspended matter, Bq/kg；
CmThe concentration for being radionuclide in zoobenthos, Bq/kg；
CfThe concentration for being radionuclide in fish, Bq/kg；
λwdTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from water to deposit, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λdwTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from deposit to water, kgm-3·d-1；
λsdTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from suspended matter to deposit, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λdsTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from deposit to suspended matter, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λwsTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from water to suspended matter, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λswTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from suspended matter to water, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λwmTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from water to zoobenthos, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λsfTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from suspended matter to fish, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λdmTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from deposit to zoobenthos, m3·kg-1·d-1。
In a preferred embodiment, present invention offer radionuclide discharges approach to aquatile from surface water
The calculation method of concentration, wherein in step (2), model equation that established radionuclide is shifted from water, from suspended matter to fish
Are as follows:
Wherein:
CfThe concentration for being radionuclide in fish, Bq/kg；
CRfFor the concentration factor of fish under dynamic equilibrium, kg/kg；
CwFor the concentration of radionuclide in water, Bq/m3；
CsThe concentration for being radionuclide in suspended matter, Bq/kg；
λRIncluding radionuclide aquatile half life and radioactive decay constant two parts, d-1。
In a preferred embodiment, present invention offer radionuclide discharges approach to aquatile from surface water
The calculation method of concentration, wherein in step (2), established radionuclide is shifted from suspended matter, deposit to zoobenthos
Model equation are as follows:
Wherein:
CmThe concentration for being radionuclide in zoobenthos, Bq/kg；
CRmFor the concentration factor of zoobenthos under dynamic equilibrium, kg/kg；
CwFor the concentration of radionuclide in water, Bq/m3；
CdThe concentration for being radionuclide in deposit, Bq/kg；
λRIncluding radionuclide aquatile half life and radioactive decay constant two parts, d-1。
In a preferred embodiment, present invention offer radionuclide discharges approach to aquatile from surface water
The calculation method of concentration, wherein in step (3), required calculating parameter is obtained by document, database, or is obtained by experiment
It takes.
In a kind of more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides radionuclide and discharges approach to aquatic from surface water
The calculation method of bioconcentration, wherein the experiment acquisition methods of calculating parameter relevant to transfer velocity are:
Under conditions of radionuclide instantaneous relase, adsorption and desorption has not enough time to reach balance, is fitted adsorption-desorption
Rate curve, obtain radionuclide transfer velocity λ between different compartmentsij, ij, which refers to from i compartment, is transferred to j compartment.
In a kind of more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides radionuclide and discharges approach to aquatic from surface water
The calculation method of bioconcentration, wherein deposit, suspended matter the experiment acquisition methods of calculating parameter of distribution coefficient be:
Consider the influence factor including different-grain diameter, chemical configuration, establish database, when calculating according to calculating water
The corresponding value of the Feature Selection of domain and source item.
In a kind of more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides radionuclide and discharges approach to aquatic from surface water
The calculation method of bioconcentration, in which:
Distribution coefficient experiment is using static batch-type, and deposit solid-to-liquid ratio 1:10, suspended matter is using the suspension in 1L water sample
Object, radionuclide injected volume are set according to the detection limit that the minimum of solid-liquid phase concentration after distribution reaches measuring instrument；Root
According to the factor including the chemical component of different-grain diameter, deposit, mineralogical composition, pH, Eh, the experiment of different condition is set,
It is sampled according to hour, day, obtains the different nucleic rates of adsorption.
In a kind of more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides radionuclide and discharges approach to aquatic from surface water
The calculation method of bioconcentration, wherein the experiment acquisition methods of calculating parameter relevant to concentration factor are:
The water body of different concentration gradients and the biological and different residence time of deposition medium, different growing stages are set,
After concentration factor of the observation biology in water body changes with time and leaves the environment, the intracorporal radionuclide of biology
Clean up rule；
By the parameter experiment to three kinds of factors, a certain amount of data are obtained, carry out data fitting and examination on this basis
Verifying, writes parameter query software, can be by selecting suitable concentration ratio, generation to correlative factor analogy in accident evaluation
Enter into dynamic model.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are discharge approach to aquatile from surface water using radionuclide of the invention
The calculation method of concentration can consider more transfer factor approach, examine based on biology to the nonequilibrium condition of the absorption of nucleic
More factors for influencing transfer factor are considered, so that calculated result be made to be more in line with reality.
The present invention considers nucleic in water to aquatile, water to suspended matter, suspended matter to aquatile, water to deposition
A variety of medium routes of metastasis such as object, suspended matter to deposit, deposit to aquatile, and consider influence transfer factor because
Element, such as nucleic chemical configuration, hydrochemical characteristics, suspended matter and the partial size of bed mud in water, the type of aquatile, aquatic life
The occupancy factor of object, influence to nucleic concentration of life cycle difference of aquatile etc., thus establish the core of complete set
Element is transferred to the calculation method of aquatile from water.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
(1) under accident source item in short-term, release heterogeneous establish radionuclide in water-aquatile dynamic
Metastasis model, and establish complete calculation process.
(2) it the different use ages evaluated after EARLY STAGE EVALUATION and accident under consideration accident, is obtained in early days using database form
The transfer parameters for obtaining calculating, can carry out Fast Evaluation；The means that Binding experiment is evaluated after accident, obtain closer to actual turn
Shifting parameter.
(3) database is established to important transfer parameters, such as distribution coefficient, the bioconcentration factor.Water body to deposit,
The distribution coefficient measurement of suspended matter considers the influence factors such as nucleic chemistry configuration, partial size.The bioconcentration factor considers biology
The seasonal varieties such as age, distribution influence.
(4) main edible aquatile (fish and zoobenthos) is considered, is the agent of nucleic subsequent transfer to people
Amount calculates and provides foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that radionuclide of the invention is based on from surface water release approach to the calculation method of aquatile concentration
Radionuclide metastasis model schematic illustration.
Fig. 2 discharges approach to the calculating side of aquatile concentration from surface water for illustrative radionuclide of the invention
The flow chart of method.
Specific embodiment
Calculation method of the illustrative radionuclide of the invention from surface water release approach to aquatile concentration
Process is as shown in Fig. 2, include the following steps.
1, the hydrodynamic force and diffusion model for establishing radionuclide transfer establish radionuclide from water, suspended matter to fish
The model of class transfer, establishes the model that radionuclide is shifted from suspended matter, deposit to zoobenthos
Radionuclide of the invention is put from surface water release approach to what the calculation method of aquatile concentration was based on
The principle of penetrating property transfer factor model is as shown in Figure 1.
Thus the transfer factor equation for establishing each compartment is as follows.
In water:
In deposit:
In suspended matter:
Fish:
Zoobenthos:
In formula: CwRefer to the concentration of radionuclide in water, Bq/m3；
CdRefer to concentration of the radionuclide in deposit, Bq/kg；
CsRefer to concentration of the radionuclide in suspended matter, Bq/kg；
CmRefer to concentration of the radionuclide in zoobenthos, Bq/kg；
CfRefer to concentration of the radionuclide in fish, Bq/kg；
λwdIndicate transfer velocity of the radionuclide from water to deposit in the unit time, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λdwIndicate transfer velocity of the radionuclide from deposit to water in the unit time, kgm-3·d-1。
When adsorption-desorption system dynamic equilibrium, λwd/λdw=Kd, KdIndicate water phase-deposition equilibrium distribution ratio, it is non-
The distribution coefficient versus time curve that experiment fitting absorption and desorbed respectively can be used in equilibrium state.
λsdIndicate transfer share of the radionuclide from suspended matter to deposit in the unit time, d-1；
λsdConcentration of suspension (kg/m in=water3) deposition velocity (m3·kg-1·d-1)；
λdsIndicate transfer share of the radionuclide from deposit to suspended matter in the unit time, d-1；
λwsIndicate transfer velocity of the radionuclide from water to suspended matter in the unit time, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λswIndicate transfer velocity of the radionuclide from suspended matter to water in the unit time, kgm-3·d-1；
When adsorption-desorption system balance, λws/λsw=Ks, Ks indicate equilibrium distribution coefficient, and nonequilibrium condition can be used
The experiment distribution coefficient versus time curve that fitting is adsorbed and desorbed respectively.
λwmIndicate transfer velocity of the radionuclide from water to zoobenthos in the unit time, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λsfIndicate transfer velocity of the radionuclide from suspended matter to fish in the unit time, m3·kg-1·d-1；
λdmIndicate transfer velocity of the radionuclide from deposit to zoobenthos in the unit time, m3·kg-1·d-1；
CRfIndicate the concentration factor of fish under dynamic equilibrium, kg/kg；
CRmIndicate the concentration factor of zoobenthos under dynamic equilibrium, kg/kg；
λ indicates the decay coefficient of radionuclide, d-1；
λRIncluding radionuclide in aquatile half life and radioactive decay constant two parts, d-1。
Aquatile, which leads to typical concentrations ratio (or concentration factor) CR to the concentration feature of radionuclide in medium, to be indicated, i.e.,
The activity concentration of radionuclide in activity concentration/medium of radionuclide in biological tissue or organ.
Radionuclide is discharged by liquid approach under accident scenarios, is the form presence to pollute group in water, along
Water (flow) direction is mobile.For living in place where the accident occurred downstream water Mesichthyes, with the variation of radionuclide concentration, fish
Concentration factor also change.With pollution group leaving to habitat of fish to pollution group, fish are known as radioactive nucleus
Two stages are cleaned up in concentration-.Therefore in accident, dosage rate is carried out using the concentration factor under the conditions of fish secular equilibrium
Estimation, will cause the excessively high estimation of dosage rate.Therefore the fish concentration factor under emergency conditions is needed to carry out experimental study.
2, calculating parameter needed for the model that above-mentioned steps 1 are established is obtained
In the step, required calculating parameter is obtained by document, database, or is obtained by experiment.
(1) the experiment acquisition methods of calculating parameter relevant to transfer velocity
Under conditions of radionuclide instantaneous relase, adsorption and desorption has not enough time to reach balance, is fitted adsorption-desorption
Rate curve, obtain radionuclide transfer velocity λ between different compartmentsij, ij, which refers to from i compartment, is transferred to j compartment.
(2) deposit, suspended matter distribution coefficient calculating parameter experiment acquisition methods
Consider the influence factor including different-grain diameter, chemical configuration, establish database, when calculating according to calculating water
The corresponding value of the Feature Selection of domain and source item.
Distribution coefficient experiment is using static batch-type, and deposit solid-to-liquid ratio 1:10, suspended matter is using the suspension in 1L water sample
Object, radionuclide injected volume are set according to the detection limit that the minimum of solid-liquid phase concentration after distribution reaches measuring instrument；Root
According to the factor including the chemical component of different-grain diameter, deposit, mineralogical composition, pH, Eh, the experiment of different condition is set,
It is sampled according to hour, day, obtains the different nucleic rates of adsorption.
(3) the experiment acquisition methods of calculating parameter relevant to concentration factor
Aquatile, which leads to typical concentrations ratio (or concentration factor) CR to the concentration feature of radionuclide in medium, to be indicated, i.e.,
The activity concentration of radionuclide in activity concentration/medium of radionuclide in biological tissue or organ.
Radionuclide is discharged by liquid approach under accident scenarios, is the form presence to pollute group in water, along
Water (flow) direction is mobile.For living in place where the accident occurred downstream water Mesichthyes, with the variation of radionuclide concentration, fish
Concentration factor also change.With pollution group leaving to habitat of fish to pollution group, fish are known as radioactive nucleus
Two stages are cleaned up in concentration-.Therefore in accident, dosage rate is carried out using the concentration factor under the conditions of fish secular equilibrium
Estimation, will cause the excessively high estimation of dosage rate.Therefore the fish concentration factor under emergency conditions is needed to carry out experimental study.
Radionuclide is influenced in the concentration of organism by many factors: the activity concentration of radionuclide in medium,
Biological growth stage, biological residence time etc..The concentration factor experiment emphasis of fish is for radioactivity in medium under emergency conditions
Nucleic activity concentration and biological growth stage, residence time etc. account for.
The water body of different concentration gradients and the biological and different residence time of deposition medium, different growing stages are set,
After concentration factor of the observation biology in water body changes with time and leaves the environment, the intracorporal radionuclide of biology
Clean up rule；
By the parameter experiment to three kinds of factors, a certain amount of data are obtained, carry out data fitting and examination on this basis
Verifying, writes parameter query software, can be by selecting suitable concentration ratio, generation to correlative factor analogy in accident evaluation
Enter into dynamic model.
(4) resuspension flux is deposited
According to Bloesh J (1994) A review of methods used to measure sediment
The method that resuspension [J] .Hydrobiologia1994 284.13-18. is proposed acquires water sample with deposition sundries, surveys
Determine suspended matter dry weight, suspended matter loss on ignition, and measure simultaneously the suspension content outside sediment trap when sampling, wind speed,
Wind direction, water temperature, transparency, the bed mud content of organic matter.
3, cumulative concentration of the radionuclide in biology is calculated
The calculation process of the calculation method of the invention of above-mentioned example is exemplified below.
Different water body hydrodynamic forces and nucleic diffusion are established with mike21/3 (the business numerical simulation of water environment software of purchase)
Numerical model calculates 2/3 dimension distribution of the radionuclide in water body.
It establishes the equation of transfer of fish and zoobenthos respectively according to above-mentioned transfer factor relationship, then uses mike
Ecolab template is above-mentioned equation editing at self-definition model.
For the Fast Evaluation under accident, the parameter database of different condition is established, quickly searches corresponding parameter.
Couple solution goes out the concentration of the radionuclide of each compartment.Model solution is carried out to fish and zoobenthos respectively.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
Mind and range.If in this way, belonging to the model of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technology to these modifications and changes of the present invention
Within enclosing, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.Above-described embodiment or embodiment are only to the present invention
For example, the present invention can also be implemented with other ad hoc fashions or other particular form, without departing from of the invention
Main idea or substantive characteristics.Therefore, the embodiment of description is regarded as illustrative and non-limiting in any way.This
The range of invention should be illustrated that any variation equivalent with the intention and range of claim also should include by appended claims
Within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. radionuclide discharges calculation method of the approach to aquatile concentration from surface water, which is characterized in that the meter
Calculation method includes the following steps:
(1) hydrodynamic force and diffusion model of radionuclide transfer are established；
(2) model that radionuclide is shifted from water, suspended matter to fish is established, establishes radionuclide from suspended matter, deposition
The model that object is shifted to zoobenthos；
(3) calculating parameter needed for above-mentioned steps (1), the model that (2) are established is obtained；
(4) cumulative concentration of the radionuclide in biology is calculated.
2. calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the radioactive nucleus for the model established
The equation of transfer of element is as follows,
In water:
In deposit:
In suspended matter:
Wherein:
CwFor the concentration of radionuclide in water；
CdThe concentration for being radionuclide in deposit；
CsThe concentration for being radionuclide in suspended matter；
CmThe concentration for being radionuclide in zoobenthos；
CfThe concentration for being radionuclide in fish；
λwdTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from water to deposit；
λdwTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from deposit to water；
λsdTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from suspended matter to deposit；
λdsTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from deposit to suspended matter；
λwsTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from water to suspended matter；
λswTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from suspended matter to water；
λwmTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from water to zoobenthos；
λsfTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from suspended matter to fish；
λdmTransfer velocity for radionuclide in the unit time from from deposit to zoobenthos.
3. calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), established radionuclide from water,
The model equation that suspended matter is shifted to fish are as follows:
Wherein:
CfThe concentration for being radionuclide in fish；
CRfFor the concentration factor of fish under dynamic equilibrium；
CwFor the concentration of radionuclide in water；
CsThe concentration for being radionuclide in suspended matter；
λRIncluding radionuclide aquatile half life and radioactive decay constant two parts.
4. calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), established radionuclide is from suspension
The model equation that object, deposit are shifted to zoobenthos are as follows:
Wherein:
CmThe concentration for being radionuclide in zoobenthos；
CRmFor the concentration factor of zoobenthos under dynamic equilibrium；
CwFor the concentration of radionuclide in water；
CdThe concentration for being radionuclide in deposit；
λRIncluding radionuclide aquatile half life and radioactive decay constant two parts.
5. calculation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (3), required calculating parameter passes through text
It offers, database acquisition, or is obtained by experiment.
6. calculation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the experiment of calculating parameter relevant to transfer velocity obtains
Taking method is:
Under conditions of radionuclide instantaneous relase, adsorption and desorption has not enough time to reach balance, is fitted the speed of adsorption-desorption
Rate curve obtains radionuclide transfer velocity λ between different compartmentsij, ij, which refers to from i compartment, is transferred to j compartment.
7. calculation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that deposit, suspended matter distribution coefficient calculating ginseng
Several experiment acquisition methods are:
Consider include different-grain diameter, chemical configuration including influence factor, establish database, when calculating according to calculating waters and
The corresponding value of the Feature Selection of source item.
8. calculation method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:
Distribution coefficient experiment is put using static batch-type, deposit solid-to-liquid ratio 1:10, suspended matter using the suspended matter in 1L water sample
Penetrating property nucleic injected volume is set according to the detection limit that the minimum of solid-liquid phase concentration after distribution reaches measuring instrument；According to packet
The factor including different-grain diameter, the chemical component of deposit, mineralogical composition, pH, Eh is included, the experiment of different condition is set, according to
Hour, day sampling, obtain the different nucleic rates of adsorption.
9. calculation method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the experiment of calculating parameter relevant to concentration factor obtains
Taking method is:
The water body of different concentration gradients and the biological and different residence time of deposition medium, different growing stages are set, observed
After concentration factor of the biology in water body changes with time and leave the environment, biological intracorporal radionuclide is cleaned up
Rule；
By the parameter experiment to three kinds of factors, a certain amount of data are obtained, data fitting is carried out on this basis and test is tested
Card, writes parameter query software, can be updated to by selecting suitable concentration ratio to correlative factor analogy in accident evaluation
In dynamic model.
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| CN113609654A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-11-05 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Method and system for estimating concentration coefficient of nuclide equilibrium state in water by fish |
| CN114324411A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-04-12 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Method for measuring distribution coefficient in laboratory sediment and surface water system |
| CN116649254A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-08-29 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Model for distinguishing and calculating metabolic emission of exogenous carbon in fish and construction method thereof |
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