CN110110807A - A kind of leucocyte extraction and classification method based on improvement K-means and convolutional neural networks - Google Patents

A kind of leucocyte extraction and classification method based on improvement K-means and convolutional neural networks Download PDF

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CN110110807A
CN110110807A CN201910404623.8A CN201910404623A CN110110807A CN 110110807 A CN110110807 A CN 110110807A CN 201910404623 A CN201910404623 A CN 201910404623A CN 110110807 A CN110110807 A CN 110110807A
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林丽群
陈柏林
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of based on the leucocyte extraction and classification method that improve K-means and convolutional neural networks.Firstly, selecting initial cluster center according to cell image intensity profile, initial clustering is carried out by nearby principle to image all pixels;Then, the Euclidean distance of FWSA-KM algorithm is improved;Before leucocyte extracts, color space decomposition is first carried out, nucleus and cytoplasmic extraction are carried out using the color component and improved K-means algorithm that are conducive to leucocyte segmentation;Then the part of complex overlapping is separated using watershed algorithm;Finally, being classified based on convolutional neural networks.The method of the present invention makes leukocyte cell core and cytoplasm segmentation precision be respectively 95.81% and 91.28%, improves a lot compared with conventional segmentation methods;Classification accuracy maximum can reach 98.96%, and classification average time is 0.39s, and relative to existing leukocyte differential count algorithm, CNN classification method not only has a clear superiority, while there are also very big rooms for promotion.

Description

It is a kind of to extract and classify based on the leucocyte for improving K-means and convolutional neural networks Method
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical image segmentation extractive technique fields, more particularly to one kind based on improvement K-means and volume The leucocyte of product neural network extracts and classification method.
Background technique
Medically, leucocyte is the important component part of human immune system, is responsible for identifying and swallows abnormal cell. The traditional classification of white blood corpuscle counts in blood routine examination and morphological analysis is dependent on the expert of artificial counting and blood test point Analysis, low efficiency and have stronger subjectivity.Currently used is flow cytometer, can not realize Automated Classification of White Blood Cells, and And there is limitation in clinical application.
In recent years, for preferably segmented image and leucocyte is identified, it is preferable that researcher proposes some effects in succession Algorithm realize the Accurate Segmentation and sorting algorithm of leucocyte, but still there is also problems for leucocyte segmentation, these are asked Topic is mainly derived from that image color brightness is different, and there are impurity in image, and leucocyte shape is varied, stained cells matter with The color of red blood cell is close.Segmentation precision achieved by existing method can't reach clinical practice needs, therefore white There are many more needs of work to carry out in cell segmentation field.
Summary of the invention
It extracts and divides based on the leucocyte for improving K-means and convolutional neural networks the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Class method, this method can efficiently extract leucocyte and segmentation precision is higher, finally using convolutional neural networks (CNN) into Row leukocyte differential count and identification.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that it is a kind of based on improving K-means and convolutional neural networks Leucocyte extracts and classification method, includes the following steps:
Step S1, before extracting leucocyte, the decomposition of color space is first carried out, using the face for being conducive to leucocyte segmentation Colouring component;
Step S2, K-means clustering algorithm is improved according to cell image intensity profile, is selected in initial clustering The heart makes in image all pixels carry out initial clustering by nearby principle, and improves to the Euclidean distance of FWSA-KM algorithm, Improve the robustness of clustering algorithm;
Step S3, nucleus and cytoplasmic extraction are carried out using improved K-means algorithm;
Step S4, the leucocyte fraction of complex overlapping is separated using watershed algorithm;
Step S5, it is tested using convolutional neural networks to isolated leucocyte is extracted, realizes the knowledge of adhesion leucocyte Not.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step S1 is implemented as follows:
Step S11, establish color model: the processing of dialogue cell dyeing makes it in the chrominance component space (H) and saturation component (S) all there is stronger contrasts with background image for the corresponding cytosolic domain in space and leucocyte region;
Step S12, in subsequent singulation, threshold value in setting saturation component space and chrominance component space, by leucocyte Nuclear area and leucocyte region are roughly extracted from cell image.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step S2 is implemented as follows:
Step S21, histogram distribution statistics is carried out to cell image gray scale to select initial cluster center, so that image institute There is pixel to carry out initial clustering by nearby principle;
Step S22, it is based on non-Euclidean distance, feature weight is improved, K-means is improved, Improved-KM is obtained Clustering algorithm, i.e., by the χ in the algorithm objective functionikAnd vjkEuclidean distance | χik-vjk| it is revised as non-Euclidean distanceThus the objective function of improved Improved-KM clustering algorithm is obtained are as follows:
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step S22, steps are as follows for Improved-KM clustering algorithm:
Step S221, objective function: Wherein U=(uij)n×cIt is subordinated-degree matrix;If i-th of data point xiBelong to j-th of class, then uij=1, otherwise uij=0, and AndAnd V=[v1,v2,…,vc] it is the matrix that c cluster centre is constituted;Formula simultaneously Meet:
Step S222, optimal subordinated-degree matrixWith cluster centre matrixIn element are as follows:With
Step S223, pass through three minimization problems of iterative solution;
Step S224: it enablesWith Then akIt has measured and has clustered compactness in class total on kth dimensional feature, bkIt has measured and has divided between clustering class total on kth dimensional feature From property measurement;
Step S225, with new objective function Solve following feature weight matrix:
Wherein meet:
Step S226, it setsThe feature weight of iteration is walked for t, then following formula is represented by t+1 step Feature weight:Wherein it is as follows to adjust residual quantity for feature weight:
In order to makeMeet constraint conditionStandardization processing is carried out to feature weight formula, obtains spy Levy weight
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step S3 is implemented as follows:
Step S31, it the extraction of leucocyte: is selected by the different components of the different color model of the different cell images of observation It selects, then carries out cluster segmentation;
Step S32, the extraction of nucleus: contain a large amount of noise and the universal area of noise using the bianry image after cluster Small feature calculates the area of each connected region, rejects the connected region area for being less than threshold value, is filled in nuclear area Medium and small hole;
Step S33, the leucocyte extracted cytoplasmic extraction: is subtracted into the method for leucocyte core to obtain cytoplasm portion Point, then restored color images again.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step S4 is implemented as follows:
Step S41, for there is the leucocyte being sticked together, denoising and holes filling processing are carried out;
Step S42, the leucocyte being sticked together is split processing with fractional spins.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step S5, the convolutional neural networks are by input layer, convolutional layer, sampling Layer, articulamentum and output layer are constituted;The image that input layer input needs to classify, extracts corresponding feature by convolutional layer, to add Fast pace of learning needs neuron number by the reduction of sample level down-sampling while retaining useful information, and articulamentum passes through activation letter For number by classification results input to output layer, the dimension of output layer is the classification number of required classification.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method for the present invention makes leukocyte cell core and thin Cytoplasm segmentation precision is respectively 95.81% and 91.28%, is improved a lot compared with conventional segmentation methods;Classification accuracy maximum energy Reach 98.96%, classification average time is 0.39s, and relative to existing leukocyte differential count algorithm, CNN classification method not only has Clear superiority, while there are also very big rooms for promotion
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method for the present invention flow chart.
Fig. 2 is the structure figures of convolutional neural networks of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, technical solution of the present invention is specifically described.
As shown in Figure 1, extracted based on the leucocyte for improving K-means and convolutional neural networks the present invention provides a kind of and Classification method includes the following steps:
Step S1, before extracting leucocyte, the decomposition of color space is first carried out, using the face for being conducive to leucocyte segmentation Colouring component;It is specific as follows:
Step S11, establish color model: the processing of dialogue cell dyeing makes it in the chrominance component space (H) and saturation component (S) all there is stronger contrasts with background image for the corresponding cytosolic domain in space and leucocyte region;
Step S12, in subsequent singulation, threshold value in setting saturation component space and chrominance component space, by leucocyte Nuclear area and leucocyte region are roughly extracted from cell image;
Step S2, K-means clustering algorithm is improved according to cell image intensity profile, is selected in initial clustering The heart makes in image all pixels carry out initial clustering by nearby principle, and improves to the Euclidean distance of FWSA-KM algorithm, Improve the robustness of clustering algorithm;It is specific as follows:
Step S21, histogram distribution statistics is carried out to cell image gray scale to select initial cluster center, so that image institute There is pixel to carry out initial clustering by nearby principle;
Step S22, it is based on non-Euclidean distance, feature weight is improved, K-means is improved, Improved-KM is obtained Clustering algorithm, i.e., by the χ in the algorithm objective functionikAnd vjkEuclidean distance | χik-vjk| it is revised as non-Euclidean distanceThus the objective function of improved Improved-KM clustering algorithm is obtained are as follows:
In the step S22, steps are as follows for Improved-KM clustering algorithm:
Step S221, objective function: Wherein U=(uij)n×cIt is subordinated-degree matrix;If i-th of data point xiBelong to j-th of class, then uij=1, otherwise uij=0, and AndAnd V=[v1,v2,…,vc] it is the matrix that c cluster centre is constituted;Formula simultaneously Meet:
Step S222, optimal subordinated-degree matrixWith cluster centre matrixIn element are as follows:With
Step S223, pass through three minimization problems of iterative solution;
Step S224: it enablesWithThen akDegree It has measured and has clustered compactness in class total on kth dimensional feature, bkSeparation property degree between clustering class total on kth dimensional feature is measured Amount;
Step S225, with new objective function Solve following feature weight matrix:
Wherein meet:
Step S226, it setsThe feature weight of iteration is walked for t, then following formula is represented by t+1 step Feature weight:Wherein it is as follows to adjust residual quantity for feature weight:
In order to makeMeet constraint conditionStandardization processing is carried out to feature weight formula, obtains spy Levy weight
Step S3, nucleus and cytoplasmic extraction are carried out using improved K-means algorithm;It is specific as follows:
Step S31, it the extraction of leucocyte: is selected by the different components of the different color model of the different cell images of observation It selects, then carries out cluster segmentation;
Step S32, the extraction of nucleus: contain a large amount of noise and the universal area of noise using the bianry image after cluster Small feature calculates the area of each connected region, rejects the connected region area for being less than threshold value, is filled in nuclear area Medium and small hole;
Step S33, cytoplasmic extraction: because of the cytoplasmic color often color phase with leucocyte or background image Seemingly, so extremely difficult segmentation;Therefore cytoplasmic compartment is obtained using the leucocyte extracted to be subtracted to the method for leucocyte core, then Again restored color images
Step S4, the leucocyte fraction of complex overlapping is separated using watershed algorithm;It is specific as follows:
Step S41, for there is the leucocyte being sticked together, denoising and holes filling processing are carried out;
Step S42, the leucocyte being sticked together is split processing with fractional spins.
Step S5, it is tested using convolutional neural networks to isolated leucocyte is extracted, realizes the knowledge of adhesion leucocyte Not;As shown in Fig. 2, the convolutional neural networks are made of input layer, convolutional layer, sample level, articulamentum and output layer;Input layer Input needs the image classified, and extracts corresponding feature by convolutional layer, to accelerate pace of learning to subtract by sample level down-sampling Neuron number is needed less while retaining useful information, and articulamentum passes through activation primitive (sigmoid function etc.) for classification results Input to output layer, the dimension of output layer are the classification number of required classification.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, all any changes made according to the technical solution of the present invention, and generated function is made When with range without departing from technical solution of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of based on the leucocyte extraction and classification method that improve K-means and convolutional neural networks, which is characterized in that including Following steps:
Step S1, before extracting leucocyte, the decomposition of color space is first carried out, using the color point for being conducive to leucocyte segmentation Amount;
Step S2, K-means clustering algorithm is improved according to cell image intensity profile, selectes initial cluster center, makes All pixels carry out initial clustering by nearby principle in image, and improve to the Euclidean distance of FWSA-KM algorithm, make to cluster The robustness of algorithm improves;
Step S3, nucleus and cytoplasmic extraction are carried out using improved K-means algorithm;
Step S4, the leucocyte fraction of complex overlapping is separated using watershed algorithm;
Step S5, it is tested using convolutional neural networks to isolated leucocyte is extracted, realizes the identification of adhesion leucocyte.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the leucocyte extraction and classification that improve K-means and convolutional neural networks Method, which is characterized in that the step S1 is implemented as follows:
Step S11, establish color model: the processing of dialogue cell dyeing makes it in the chrominance component space (H) and saturation component (S) All there is stronger contrasts with background image for the corresponding cytosolic domain in space and leucocyte region;
Step S12, in subsequent singulation, threshold value in setting saturation component space and chrominance component space, by the cell of leucocyte Core region and leucocyte region are roughly extracted from cell image.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the leucocyte extraction and classification that improve K-means and convolutional neural networks Method, which is characterized in that the step S2 is implemented as follows:
Step S21, histogram distribution statistics is carried out to cell image gray scale to select initial cluster center, so that all pictures of image Element carries out initial clustering by nearby principle;
Step S22, it is based on non-Euclidean distance, feature weight is improved, K-means is improved, obtains Improved-KM cluster Algorithm, i.e., by the χ in the algorithm objective functionikAnd vjkEuclidean distance | χik-vjk| it is revised as non-Euclidean distanceThus the objective function of improved Improved-KM clustering algorithm is obtained are as follows:
4. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the leucocyte extraction and classification that improve K-means and convolutional neural networks Method, which is characterized in that in the step S22, steps are as follows for Improved-KM clustering algorithm:
Step S221, objective function:Its Middle U=(uij)n×cIt is subordinated-degree matrix;If i-th of data point xiBelong to j-th of class, then uij=1, otherwise uij=0, andAnd V=[v1,v2,…,vc] it is the matrix that c cluster centre is constituted;Formula is full simultaneously Foot:
Step S222, optimal subordinated-degree matrixWith cluster centre matrixIn element are as follows:With
Step S223, pass through three minimization problems of iterative solution;
Step S224: it enablesWithThen ak It has measured and has clustered compactness in class total on kth dimensional feature, bkSeparation property between clustering class total on kth dimensional feature is measured Measurement;
Step S225, with new objective function Solve following feature weight matrix:
Wherein meet:
Step S226, it setsThe feature weight of iteration is walked for t, then following formula is represented by the spy of t+1 step Levy weight:Wherein it is as follows to adjust residual quantity for feature weight:
In order to makeMeet constraint conditionStandardization processing is carried out to feature weight formula, obtains feature power Weight
5. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the leucocyte extraction and classification that improve K-means and convolutional neural networks Method, which is characterized in that the step S3 is implemented as follows:
Step S31, the extraction of leucocyte: being selected by the different components of the different color model of the different cell images of observation, Cluster segmentation is carried out again;
Step S32, the extraction of nucleus: contain a large amount of noise using the bianry image after cluster and the universal area of noise is small Feature calculates the area of each connected region, rejects the connected region area for being less than threshold value, is filled among nuclear area Small hole;
Step S33, cytoplasmic extraction: subtracting the method for leucocyte core for the leucocyte extracted to obtain cytoplasmic compartment, Restored color images again again.
6. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the leucocyte extraction and classification that improve K-means and convolutional neural networks Method, which is characterized in that the step S4 is implemented as follows:
Step S41, for there is the leucocyte being sticked together, denoising and holes filling processing are carried out;
Step S42, the leucocyte being sticked together is split processing with fractional spins.
7. according to claim 1 a kind of based on the leucocyte extraction and classification that improve K-means and convolutional neural networks Method, which is characterized in that in the step S5, the convolutional neural networks by input layer, convolutional layer, sample level, articulamentum and Output layer is constituted;The image that input layer input needs to classify, extracts corresponding feature by convolutional layer, to accelerate pace of learning logical The reduction of over-sampling layer down-sampling needs neuron number while retaining useful information, and articulamentum passes through activation primitive for classification results Input to output layer, the dimension of output layer are the classification number of required classification.
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