CN110110785B - Express logistics process state detection and classification method - Google Patents
Express logistics process state detection and classification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting and classifying express logistics process states, which comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out dimension reduction processing on vibration data of express to determine classification characteristics; secondly, determining the logistics state by carrying out secondary classification on the data; and refreshing and covering the normal data, storing the abnormal data in a storage module, and finally performing multi-classification and degree judgment on the abnormal data to obtain the classification and degree of the abnormal condition. The method can obtain accurate and detailed abnormal types, thereby realizing real-time intelligent monitoring on the vibration state of the express logistics process. Meanwhile, data such as temperature, humidity, illumination intensity and the like are brought into the detection range, so that the whole detection system is more scientific and complete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of logistics transportation monitoring, in particular to a method for detecting and classifying express mail states.
Background
At present, an algorithm for judging the express logistics process state is simple, and mainly adopts a simple threshold method for judgment, for example, if the instantaneous acceleration in a certain direction exceeds a certain threshold, the express is considered to have an abnormal condition in the logistics process, the classification effect is poor, certain unexpected conditions cannot be identified, the reliability of a sensor is excessively depended on, and the algorithm has no data correction capability. In addition, the data sources of these algorithms, i.e. the raw data collected by the sensors, are usually less than complete, so that the express logistics state information obtained by the related algorithms is very incomplete. Therefore, the invention provides a set of relatively perfect express logistics process state detection classification algorithm on the basis of collecting various express logistics process state information based on multi-sensor combination, performs preferred dimension reduction preprocessing through a genetic algorithm, performs early two classification on express logistics process state characteristics by using a support vector machine to screen out express logistics process vibration state abnormal data, then transmits the data from a collecting end to a central processing unit infinitely to perform multi-classification data processing based on a neural network to obtain accurate and detailed abnormal types, thereby realizing real-time intelligent monitoring on express logistics process vibration states. Meanwhile, data such as temperature, humidity, illumination intensity and the like are brought into the detection range, so that the whole detection system is more scientific and complete.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for detecting and classifying express logistics process states, which specifically adopts the following technical scheme: the method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out dimension reduction processing on the vibration state data of the express mail to determine the classified characteristics; (2) classifying the vibration state data of the express mail into normal data and abnormal data according to the determined characteristics, refreshing and covering the normal data, and storing the abnormal data; (3) and performing multi-classification and degree judgment on the abnormal data to obtain the classification and degree of the abnormal condition.
Preferably, the dimension reduction process in step (1) is as follows: inputting data, preprocessing the data, encoding chromosomes, generating an initial population, calculating fitness, setting termination conditions, selecting, crossing, performing 100-generation genetic iteration, repeating continuously, taking a final converged optimal solution, and determining whether to keep the dimension characteristics according to the number of bits of the chromosome encoding in the optimal solution;
the fitness is the classification accuracy when the features retained after the dimension reduction processing are used as classification bases, and the calculation formula of the classification accuracy is as follows:
the gamma is the one-dimensional array formed by arranging the classified labels which are output by the function in turn*And (3) subtracting 1 from each digit of the array gamma to obtain an array, wherein lambda is a test set data point label and is sequentially arranged to form an n-dimensional array.
Preferably, the process of classifying the vibration state data of the express mail in step (2) is as follows:
and carrying out dimension reduction processing through a training data set to obtain a hyperplane, wherein the hyperplane is a plane with the minimum distance from a normal condition point set and an abnormal condition point set, a group of labeled test set data points subjected to dimension reduction processing are classified by using the hypersurface, and the side of the points on the two sides of the hyperplane 0-1 is judged.
Preferably, the process of performing multi-classification and degree discrimination on the abnormal data in step (3) is as follows: adopting a multilayer perceptron network structure, calculating output values of all units layer by layer from an input layer through a hidden layer by input information in a forward process in a first stage, calculating errors of all units in the hidden layer by layer forward in a backward propagation process in a second stage, and correcting a weight of a front layer by using the errors;
the node outputs of each layer are as follows:
Y31,2,3. (class label)
Wherein W represents a weight vector, and θ represents a bias;
the output function is:
error function:
wherein t ispiAnd OpiRespectively the expected output and the actual calculated output of the network;
the input training data set is a sample matrix with labels, matrix rows represent different training samples, the columns represent complete characteristic data of the samples, the training data set carries out training test by using a ten-fold intersection method, the whole data set is randomly divided into 10 parts according to consistent quantity, 7 parts of the 10 parts are taken as training sets in sequence, 3 parts of the 10 parts are taken as verification test sets for training, a nonlinear system is trained, abnormal data are taken as input, and classification results are taken as output;
after executing the multi-classification algorithm, putting the unlabeled sample points into a set to calculate discrimination values, wherein the discrimination values fall into different thresholds to represent different severity, and calculating the degree coefficient of the discrimination values
Wherein K represents a degree coefficient, amaxRepresenting a 6-dimensional vector consisting of 6-dimensional acceleration peaks of the samples, beta being a new vector consisting of the number of hits taken from each element of the 6-dimensional vector consisting of the 6-dimensional acceleration peaks of the most severe abnormal cases, WTIs a matrix of weight coefficients, and is,
the symbols represent the multiplication of the elements at the corresponding positions of the two equal-dimensional vectors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a pre-processing algorithm.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of fitness calculation.
FIG. 3 is a chromosome crossing result chart.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a genetic algorithm.
FIG. 5 is a variation principle flow chart.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a multi-layered perceptron network architecture.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an intelligent neural network based classification algorithm.
Detailed Description
The vibration detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment dimensionality reduction
Inputting data: 500 continuous sampling points are formed by a 500 multiplied by 6 matrix consisting of triaxial linear acceleration and triaxial angular acceleration data.
Data preprocessing: 6 statistical characteristics of 500 sampling point 6-dimensional data (three-axis linear acceleration and three-axis angular acceleration) are calculated respectively.
The 6 characteristics are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 statistical characterization
When measuring the vibration condition of the express mail, a 6 x 6 thirty-six dimensional space model is obtained, and the vibration state of the express mail can find a corresponding point in the space.
The preprocessing algorithm comprises the following steps: the algorithm flow chart is shown in fig. 1.
Chromosomal coding: the method is binary coding, the coded chromosome is a 1 × 36 array, the array is composed of 0 and 1, each chromosome has 5 1, and the representation 36-dimensional features will be compressed to 5-dimensional. A0 indicates that the statistical signature for its corresponding column number is to be dimension reduced, and a 1 indicates that the statistical signature is to be retained.
Generating an initial population: the number of individuals of the initial population is 100, each individual is a chromosome, the generation mode of the initial population is random generation, 5 numbers in random 1-36 represent the code 1 of the digit, and the codes of the rest digits are 0.
Calculating the fitness: the fitness is the classification accuracy when the 5-dimensional features reserved after the dimension reduction processing are used as classification bases. Namely, the higher the classification accuracy after dimension reduction is, the higher the fitness is.
In calculating a chromosome fitness, the binary encoding of the chromosome is used as the vector α.
The 36-dimensional data obtained by the preprocessing are sequentially arranged as a vector β.
The vector after dimensionality reduction can be obtained by the following calculation:
in the definition formula
The symbols represent the elements at the corresponding positions of the two equal-dimensional vectors to be multiplied to obtain a same-dimensional directionAmount of the compound (A).
Before the classification accuracy is calculated, a group of labeled training sets are used for training, and the training sets are subjected to dimensionality reduction to obtain a hyperplane, wherein the hyperplane has the characteristic that the distance between points with the minimum distance in two types of point sets (normal situation points and abnormal situation points) is the maximum.
The realization process is as follows:
given a set of training sets of size N xi,yi}NInput is xiOutput is yiFor non-linear regression, the data is represented by the non-linear equation y (x) f (x)i)+eiGiven, to obtain an estimation model of the form:
where w is the vector of weights, and,
is a non-linear function mapping the input space to the high-order feature space, b represents the deviation, eiThe deviation amount between the actual output and the estimated output of the ith set of training data is referred to as the fitting error.
Then w, b can be described as an optimization problem:
lagrange multipliers are used for the above equation:
wherein alpha isiFor Lagrange multipliers, gamma is a penaltyCoefficients for w, b, e respectivelyi,αiDifferential construction:
elimination of w and eiThe optimal problem will be converted to the form of a system of linear equations:
wherein y ═ y1；...；yN]，α＝[α1；...；αN]，1v＝[1；...；1]Omega is a square matrix, the mth row and nth column elements are omegamn＝K(xm,xn),m,n＝1,...,N。
Considering the fact that linearity is not separable, the kernel function may use a gaussian function, and a general expression of the gaussian function is as follows.
xiIs an independent variable, xjIs the center of the gaussian kernel, and σ is the width control parameter, controlling the radial extent.
To obtain finally
Solutions a and b in (1).
And after the hyperplane is obtained, classifying a group of test set data points with labels and subjected to dimension reduction by using the hyperplane, and judging points on two sides of the hyperplane. Actually, the coordinate value of the point to be classified is substituted into the hyperplane equation, and a positive and negative process is judged.
The function output is that the classified labels sequentially form a one-dimensional array which is formed by arrangement and is recorded as gamma.
Subtracting 1 from each digit of the array gamma to obtain the array gamma*。
And data point labels of the test set are sequentially arranged to form an n-dimensional array lambda.
The accuracy calculation formula is as follows:
the fitness calculation flow is shown in fig. 2.
Setting of termination conditions: the termination condition of the invention is set as a fixed offspring algebra, and the 100 th generation offspring algebra generated by carrying out cross variation selection is the optimal solution of the preprocessing algorithm.
Selection principle: and constructing a wheel disc, wherein the higher fitness of the new chromosome is the higher the parent undergoes cross mutation based on a probability principle, and the larger the number of the new chromosomes exists in the offspring after selection. A low fitness will be replaced by a high fitness.
The crossing principle is as follows: chromosomes of the population numbered 1, 3.., 99 are sequentially numbered 2, 4.., 100 and paired in pairs. Each pair of chromosomes generates a random number of 0-1 corresponding to the chromosome, and the random number is crossed with a preset cross probability pcMaking comparison if less than pcA crossover operation is performed.
pcPreferably 0.5-0.8.
The method for realizing the crossover operation is to randomly divide each pair of chromosomes into two sections by a demarcation point and carry out crossover.
Due to the crossover, newly generated offspring chromosomes may have a number of codes 1 different from 5. As shown in fig. 3.
The algorithm flow of this part is shown in fig. 4.
The principle of variation: the partial algorithm flow is shown in fig. 5.
Wherein p ismThe mutation probability is a preset value, and can be 0.003-0.01. n represents the number of chromosomes in the population.
In summary, 100 genetic iterations were performed and repeated. And observing convergence property, and taking the final converged optimal solution, wherein the digit of the chromosome code 1 in the optimal solution represents that the dimension characteristic is kept, and the digit of 0 represents that the dimension is eliminated.
(2) Two-classification algorithm after dimensionality reduction
And taking the 5-dimensional acceleration data statistical characteristics reserved after preprocessing and preference selection as classification bases of a classification algorithm written in the microprocessor of the actual sensing information acquisition terminal.
Thus, a five-dimensional space is constructed, and the applied classification method in calculating the fitness is utilized. Namely, through the labeled training set training after dimensionality reduction (different from the training, in order to obtain a more accurate and smooth hyper-curved surface, the data volume of a new training set is more, and the new training set is continuously updated), a hyper-plane omega which is farthest from the nearest point of two types of points in the training set is obtained by using a least square method to solve, and the hyper-plane omega is used as a classification basis. Therefore, real-time detection of the vibration condition of the express logistics process is realized.
(3) Multi-classification algorithm
The 6 statistical characteristics of the 6-dimensional acceleration in the time period (continuous 500 sampling points) judged to be abnormal by the classification algorithm and the 6 acceleration peak values in the time period are transmitted to the central processing unit through the communication module. These data are subjected to further classification discrimination and degree discrimination.
The invention provides a multi-classification method for express logistics states, which is an intelligent classification algorithm based on a neural network. The input data is a 6-dimensional statistical characteristic value of 6-dimensional acceleration of 500 continuous sampling points judged to be abnormal by a binary classification algorithm, namely a 6-dimensional vector. The output is a class label shaped as 0 (or 1,2,3, 4.). The invention employs a nonlinear system of neural network structures trained over a large number of labeled samples.
1) Multilayer perceptron network structure (as shown in figure 6)
The node outputs of each layer are as follows:
Where W represents the weight vector and theta represents the offset.
The algorithm is divided into two stages, namely a first stage forward process, in which input information is input into an input layer, output values of all units are calculated layer by layer through a hidden layer, and a second stage backward propagation process, in which errors of all units in the hidden layer are calculated layer by layer forward, and the errors are used for correcting a front layer weight. The weights are usually modified using a gradient method, thus requiring the output to be derivable.
The output function is:
error function:
wherein t ispiAnd OpiRespectively the desired output and the actual calculated output of the network.
netj＝∑wijOj Oj＝f(netj)
Obtaining sample error
Defining local gradients using steepest gradient method
If the influence of the weight is considered
In order to make the error decrease speed in the weight correction process fastest, the correction quantity is as follows:
Δwij＝-ηδjOi wij(t+1)＝wij(t)+Δwij(t)
if node j is an output unit, then there are:
Oj＝yj
if node j is not an output unit, then
To pair
The function uses an iterative approach:
f(x)＝y(1-y)
to accelerate convergence, inertia is added
Δwij(t)＝-ηδjOj+Δwij(t-1)
The algorithm flow is shown in fig. 7.
2) Multi-classification algorithm implementation
The input training data set is a labeled sample matrix, the matrix rows represent different training samples, and the columns represent the complete characteristic data of the samples, so that the training set with n samples is an n × 36 matrix. The desired output is an n x 1 vector, an artificial label (denoted 0,1,2,3, 4.. times.) for each sample. The data set is trained and tested by using a ten-fold intersection method, namely, the whole data set is randomly divided into 10 parts according to consistent quantity, 7 parts of the 10 parts are taken as training sets in sequence, and 3 parts of the 10 parts are taken as verification test sets for training. Therefore, a nonlinear system is trained, abnormal data can be used as input accurately, and a classification result is used as output.
The linear system obtained by the training of the method can be used as a classification function to accurately classify the unlabeled data needing to be classified in the future.
3) Abnormal degree discrimination algorithm
After the multi-classification algorithm is performed, unlabeled sample points are placed into a class set Γn(n ═ 0,1,2, 3.). The point is compared with the characteristic data corresponding to the most serious condition corresponding to the set defined in advance, for example, the most serious vertical falling condition in the logistics process can be defined as falling from the top layer of the high-rise three-dimensional shelf. And calculating the peak value of the 6-dimensional acceleration of 500 continuous sampling points of the sample, and dividing the peak value by the peak value of the 6-dimensional acceleration of 500 continuous sampling points under the most serious abnormal condition to obtain 6 data, and multiplying the 6 data by weights respectively to add to obtain a final judgment value. Discrimination values falling within different thresholds represent different degrees of severity.
The formula is as follows:
in the definition formula
The symbol represents the multiplication of the elements at the corresponding positions of the two equal-dimensional vectors to obtain an equal-dimensional vector.
Wherein K represents a degree coefficient, amaxRepresents a 6-dimensional vector consisting of the 6-dimensional acceleration peaks of the samples, with β being the 6-dimensional addition of the most severe anomalyEach element in the 6-dimensional vector formed by the velocity peak value is taken as a new vector formed by numbers, WTIs a weight coefficient matrix and is obtained by experience.
4) Auxiliary verification algorithm
Similarly, by using a neuron network, taking the triaxial geomagnetic data as a feature, taking 6 statistical features of the triaxial geomagnetic data of the sample as sample features, constructing an n × 18 input matrix of n samples, and taking an n × 1 artificial label as an expected output. And training a nonlinear system, and performing consistency evaluation through the nonlinear system to verify the effectiveness of the classifier. And when the verification is invalid, informing an administrator, and drawing each acceleration oscillogram for the administrator to inquire and judge.
5) Discrimination of abnormality in temperature, humidity and light intensity
In view of the practical application scenario, it is only necessary to know whether the actual logistics transportation environment exceeds the temperature and humidity required range of the special express, so that the actual algorithm of the part is to set a threshold value, see whether the actual sampling data is lower than or higher than the range, and give a result.
For the judgment of the abnormal illumination intensity, in addition to setting a threshold value and judging whether the real-time illumination intensity exceeds the requirement, whether the sudden package damage of the express mail occurs can be judged according to whether the illumination intensity derivative of the adjacent sampling points is greater than a certain value, and the part is also simpler, so that the detailed description is omitted.
Claims (3)
1. A method for detecting and classifying express logistics process states is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out dimension reduction processing on the vibration state data of the express mail to determine the classified characteristics;
(2) classifying the vibration state data of the express mail into normal data and abnormal data according to the determined characteristics, refreshing and covering the normal data, and storing the abnormal data;
(3) performing multi-classification and degree judgment on the abnormal data to obtain the classification and degree of the abnormal condition; the process of performing multi-classification and degree judgment on the abnormal data in the step (3) comprises the following steps: adopting a multilayer perceptron network structure, calculating output values of all units layer by layer from an input layer through a hidden layer by input information in a forward process in a first stage, calculating errors of all units in the hidden layer by layer forward in a backward propagation process in a second stage, and correcting a weight of a front layer by using the errors;
the node outputs of each layer are as follows:
wherein W represents a weight vector, and θ represents a bias;
the output function is:
error function:
wherein t ispiAnd OpiRespectively the expected output and the actual calculated output of the network;
the input training data set is a sample matrix with labels, matrix rows represent different training samples, the columns represent complete characteristic data of the samples, the training data set carries out training test by using a ten-fold intersection method, the whole data set is randomly divided into 10 parts according to consistent quantity, 7 parts of the 10 parts are taken as training sets in sequence, 3 parts of the 10 parts are taken as verification test sets for training, a nonlinear system is trained, abnormal data are taken as input, and classification results are taken as output;
after executing the multi-classification algorithm, putting the unlabeled sample points into a set to calculate discrimination values, wherein the discrimination values fall into different thresholds to represent different severity, and calculating the degree coefficient of the discrimination values
Wherein K represents a degree coefficient, amaxRepresenting a 6-dimensional vector consisting of 6-dimensional acceleration peaks of the samples, beta being a new vector consisting of the number of hits taken from each element of the 6-dimensional vector consisting of the 6-dimensional acceleration peaks of the most severe abnormal cases, WTIs a matrix of weight coefficients, and is,
the symbols represent the multiplication of the elements at the corresponding positions of the two equal-dimensional vectors.
2. The express logistics process state detection and classification method according to claim 1, wherein the dimension reduction process in the step (1) comprises the following steps: inputting data, preprocessing the data, encoding chromosomes, generating an initial population, calculating fitness, setting termination conditions, selecting, crossing, performing 100-generation genetic iteration, repeating continuously, taking a final converged optimal solution, and determining whether to keep the dimension characteristics according to the number of bits of the chromosome encoding in the optimal solution;
the fitness is the classification accuracy when the features retained after the dimension reduction processing are used as classification bases, and the calculation formula of the classification accuracy is as follows:
the gamma is the one-dimensional array formed by arranging the classified labels which are output by the function in turn*And (3) subtracting 1 from each digit of the array gamma to obtain an array, wherein lambda is a test set data point label and is sequentially arranged to form an n-dimensional array.
3. The express logistics process state detection and classification method according to claim 1, wherein the process of performing the second classification on the vibration state data of the express in the step (2) is as follows:
and carrying out dimension reduction treatment through a training data set to obtain a hyperplane, wherein the hyperplane is a plane with the minimum distance from a normal condition point set and an abnormal condition point set, a group of labeled test set data points subjected to dimension reduction treatment are classified by using the hyperplane, and points are judged to be on two sides of the hyperplane.
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