CN110110386B - Design method of steel sleeve crack stopper for high-grade steel gas pipeline - Google Patents
Design method of steel sleeve crack stopper for high-grade steel gas pipeline Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high-steel-grade gas transmission pipeline, which is used for calculating a decompression wave curve and a material resistance curve under the service condition of the pipeline according to pipeline technical indexes, and calculating the breaking speed V of the pipeline under the working condition through the decompression wave curve and the material resistance curve f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Changing the breaking resistance f in the material resistance curve, and calculating the minimum breaking speed V when the pipeline is stopped by the tangent point of the decompression wave curve and the material resistance curve min The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Judging whether the current design method of the steel sleeve crack stopper is applicable or not; selecting the material of the crack stopper, the DWTT shearing area requirement and the clearance; calculating the thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper; and calculating the length of the crack stopper. The invention provides a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for an X80/X90 gas pipeline, and the steel sleeve crack stopper designed by the method can realize the crack stopper function of high-speed expansion cracks through full-size gas explosion test verification.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fracture control of natural gas conveying pipelines, and particularly relates to a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high-steel-grade gas conveying pipeline.
Background
Natural gas is a clean energy source and is also a flammable and explosive hazardous medium, and is usually transported by pipelines. In the long-term service process of the pipeline, the pipeline is easy to crack, leak and other accidents due to formation pressure, corrosion, fatigue, external mechanical damage and the like. Once the gas transmission pipeline is cracked, the high-pressure gas in the pipeline cannot be emptied immediately, and a pressure reducing wave is generated from the breaking point to two sides and propagates to the far end. Because the gas decompression wave speed is lower than the crack expansion speed, the crack tip can keep a continuous high-stress state, and the crack can also continuously expand at a high speed, so that the ductile crack of the gas transmission pipeline can be expanded in a long range. The long-range expansion of cracks in high-pressure natural gas pipelines can cause huge disasters and losses, so that the pipelines must be ensured to be capable of timely stopping cracking once cracked. The existing full-size gas explosion test results show that: for high-grade steel pipelines, the cracking resistance is difficult to carry out by virtue of the toughness of the pipeline, which has become a bottleneck problem seriously threatening the safety of the pipeline and restricting the application of high-grade steel pipeline.
When the toughness of the pipeline steel itself is not guaranteed to prevent ductile crack growth, some external mechanical means are employed to prevent and prevent long-range propagation of ductile cracks in the pipeline by applying external constraints. The crack-stopping process involves the interaction of high-speed dynamic expansion of cracks, natural gas pressure reduction waves, self resistance of pipelines and external restraint of crack stoppers, and is very complex in finite element calculation and full-size explosion test verification, and no recognized formula/method/standard is available at home and abroad at present for the design of the external crack stoppers of high-steel-grade gas pipelines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high-grade steel gas pipeline, which aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and can be used for preventing the long-range expansion of ductile cracks of the high-grade steel pipeline.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high-grade steel gas pipeline comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating a pressure-reducing wave curve and a material resistance curve under the service condition of a pipeline according to pipeline technical indexes, and calculating the breaking speed V of the pipeline under the working condition through the pressure-reducing wave curve and the material resistance curve f ；
S2, changing the breaking resistance f in the material resistance curve, and calculating the minimum breaking speed V when the pipeline is in crack stop through the tangent points of the decompression wave curve and the material resistance curve min ；
S3, judging whether the current design method of the steel sleeve crack stopper is applicable or not;
s4, selecting a crack stopper material, a DWTT shearing area requirement and a clearance;
s5, calculating the thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper;
s6, calculating the length of the crack stopper.
Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that: in step S1, the pipe breaking speed V f Is the intersection velocity of the pressure-reducing wave curve and the material resistance curve.
The pressure-reducing wave curve is calculated by adopting a BWRS/GEGR08 gas state equation, and the input parameters comprise temperature, pressure and mole percentages of all natural gas components, and the pressure-reducing wave curve is output;
the material resistance curve is calculated as follows:
wherein sigma flow Is the rheological stress of the steel pipe, t is the wall thickness of the steel pipe, D is the diameter of the steel pipe, E is the elastic modulus of the steel pipe, R CVN Charpy impact power per unit area of steel pipe, P a Pressure of crack initiation, V c Is the crack growth rate.
Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that: in step S2, when the material resistance curveThe breaking speed when tangent to the pressure-reducing wave curve is the minimum breaking speed V when the pipeline is stopped min 。
Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that: in step S3, the pipe breaking speed V f Less than the maximum breaking speed V max 。
Wherein the maximum breaking speed V max The calculation is as follows:
wherein C is r The width of the gap between the steel pipe and the crack stopper; r is the radius of the main pipeline steel pipe.
Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that: in the step S4, the steel sleeve crack stopper is made of the same steel grade material as the main pipeline; the DWTT shearing area of the steel sleeve crack stopper at the design temperature of the main pipeline is more than or equal to 50 percent; and selecting a crack stopper with zero clearance with the main pipeline.
Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that: in step S5, the thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper is calculated as follows:
wherein t is arr The thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper; t is t pipe The thickness of the main pipeline steel pipe; sigma (sigma) u pipe The tensile strength of the main pipeline steel pipe; sigma (sigma) u arr Tensile strength of the steel sleeve crack stopper.
Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that: in step S6, the length of the steel sleeve crack stopper is calculated as follows:
wherein V is min Is the minimum breaking speed, namely the critical speed when the crack stops; v'. f To the pipe breaking speed V f Corrected breaking speedThe degree and the corrected breaking speed are more conservative; d is the diameter of a main pipeline steel pipe; m is crack stop/extension boundary line slope.
Wherein the crack stop/extension boundary line slope M is calculated by:
for the pipe breaking speed V f The fracture speed V 'after correction is obtained' f For the X90 pipeline:
at 1.2V f V 'in the case of ≡.gtoreq.310 m/s' f ＝1.2V f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At 1.2V f <In the case of 310m/s, V' f ＝310m/s；
For the X80 pipeline:
at 1.2V f V 'in the case of 270 m/s' f ＝1.2V f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At 1.2V f <270m/s, V' f ＝270m/s。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high-grade steel gas pipeline, wherein the driving force of crack propagation is crack tip gas pressure (namely gas decompression wave), and the resistance of crack propagation is the fracture resistance of a pipeline material. When the crack propagation driving force (crack tip gas pressure) is greater than the crack propagation resistance (steel pipe toughness itself), the crack will accelerate. When the crack propagation driving force equals the crack propagation resistance, the crack will propagate in steady state. When the driving force for crack propagation is less than the crack propagation resistance, the crack will stop. Crack growth is a very complex mechanical problem involving many mechanical parameters (e.g., pipe strain, crack tip opening angle, etc.). The invention simplifies various parameters in the crack growth process into a simple parameter of the fracture speed, and calculates the crack growth speed V through a crack growth resistance curve and a decompression wave curve f And critical fracture speed V in case of crack arrest min . Will V f And V min The two basic parameters are substituted into the experience public created by the inventionThe key parameters of the crack stopper design can be calculated. Meanwhile, the material, the shearing area and the clearance of the crack stopper are regulated, so that the economy and the effectiveness of the crack stopper are ensured, and the design process of the crack stopper is simplified.
Further, the breaking speed V of the actual pipeline is calculated according to the prior theory f The design of the cracker provides key parameters.
Furthermore, the pressure-reducing wave curve and the material resistance curve are calculated by the existing mature calculation method, and the invention needs to calculate the actual breaking speed V of the pipeline by using the two curves f Critical fracture speed V at crack arrest min 。
Further, the critical fracture speed V under the condition of crack arrest is calculated according to the prior theory min The design of the cracker provides key parameters.
Further, when the actual breaking speed of the pipe is higher than the boundary condition speed V max When the crack propagation speed is too high, the steel sleeve crack stopper cannot realize the crack stopping function. Boundary condition velocity V max Is obtained by a series of X80/X90 full-size explosion tests.
Further, when the material of the steel sleeve crack stopper is consistent with that of the main pipeline, the steel sleeve crack stopper has the elastic modulus consistent with that of the main pipeline, can cooperatively deform, and has a good crack stopping effect. 50% of the shearing area of the crack stopper is required, so that the crack stopper can be ensured not to generate brittle fracture. Meanwhile, when the clearance between the crack stopper and the main pipeline is 0, the crack stopper is tightly attached to the main pipeline, and the crack stopper has the best crack stopping effect.
Further, after the material and the clearance of the crack stopper are determined, two of the most critical parameters in the design of the crack stopper are the thickness and the length of the crack stopper. The crack stopper has an optimal thickness, and when the thickness of the crack stopper does not meet the requirement, the crack stopper has no crack stopping effect. When the thickness of the crack stopper exceeds the optimal thickness, the crack stopping capability is not further improved, and the waste of materials is caused.
Further, after the material and the clearance of the crack stopper are determined, two of the most critical parameters in the design of the crack stopper are the thickness and the length of the crack stopper. Theoretically, the longer the crack stopper is, the better, but as the length of the crack stopper increases, the cost increases. The invention determines the optimal length of the crack stopper, can ensure the crack stopper to crack at high speed and control the manufacturing cost.
Further, according to the results of the full-size explosion test, the higher the crack propagation speed is, the more difficult the crack is to stop. Meanwhile, the higher the steel grade of the pipeline is, the higher the crack propagation speed is, and the more difficult the crack is stopped. For X90 pipelines, the crack steady-state propagation speed is generally between 150m/s and 258m/s, designed with a 1.2-fold safety margin, and 1.2V f Calculation (V) f Taking the highest value of 258 m/s), the breaking speed obtained is 310m/s. The crack stopper length calculated according to the fracture speed of 310m/s can ensure crack stopping. In extreme cases, when crack propagation velocity V f Above 258m/s, according to actual V f The value of 1.2 times of the number is taken, and the crack-stopping effect and the economy can be ensured. For X80 pipe, the crack steady-state propagation speed is typically between 150m/s and 225m/s, designed with a 1.2 times safety margin, and 1.2V f Calculation (V) f The highest value of 225 m/s) and the obtained breaking speed of 270m/s. The crack stopper length calculated according to the 270m/s breaking speed can ensure crack stopping. In extreme cases, when crack propagation velocity V f Above 258m/s, according to actual V f The value of 1.2 times of the number is taken, and the crack-stopping effect and the economy can be ensured.
In summary, the invention provides a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for an X80/X90 gas transmission pipeline, and the steel sleeve crack stopper designed by the method can realize the crack stopping function of high-speed expansion cracks through full-size gas explosion test verification.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the pipe break velocity V f Calculating a schematic diagram;
FIG. 2 is a graph of minimum line break velocity V min Calculating a schematic diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of crack arrest/propagation boundary line slope;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the pipe break velocity V f And a minimum breaking speed V min Schematic diagram.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high-grade steel gas pipeline, which can be used for designing an external crack stopper of an X80/X90 gas pipeline and preventing long-range expansion of cracks.
The invention discloses a design method of a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high-grade steel gas pipeline, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, calculating a pressure-reducing wave curve and a material resistance curve under the service condition of a pipeline according to pipeline technical indexes, and calculating the breaking speed V of the pipeline under the working condition through the pressure-reducing wave curve and the material resistance curve f ；
The pipeline technical indexes comprise: pipeline service temperature, natural gas composition, operating pressure, steel grade, wall thickness and steel pipe Charpy impact power requirements.
The decompression wave curve is calculated by adopting a BWRS/GEGR08 gas state equation, and the input parameters comprise: the temperature, the pressure and the mole percentages of the components of the natural gas are output as a decompression wave curve, namely the corresponding relation between the pressure and the speed of the natural gas.
The material resistance curve is calculated using equations 1 and 2 as follows:
wherein sigma flow Is the rheological stress of the steel pipe, t is the wall thickness of the steel pipe, D is the diameter of the steel pipe, E is the elastic modulus of the steel pipe, R CVN The Charpy impact energy of the unit area of the steel pipe is obtained.
Referring to FIG. 1, the breaking speed V of the pipe f Is the intersection velocity of the pressure-reducing wave curve and the material resistance curve.
S2, changing the breaking resistance f in the material resistance curve, and calculating the minimum breaking speed V when the pipeline is in crack stop through the tangent points of the decompression wave curve and the material resistance curve min ；
Referring to FIG. 2, the breaking speed when the material resistance curve is tangential to the pressure-reducing wave curve is the minimum breaking speed V when the pipe is broken min 。
S3, judging whether the current design method of the steel sleeve crack stopper is applicable or not;
pipeline breaking speed V f Must be less than the maximum breaking speed V max At V f Greater than V max Can not use the current design method of the steel sleeve crack stopper, V max The calculation is performed according to the formula (3):
wherein C is r The width of the gap between the steel pipe and the crack stopper; r is the radius of the main pipeline steel pipe.
S4, selecting a crack stopper material, a DWTT shearing area requirement and a clearance;
the steel sleeve crack stopper is preferably made of the same steel grade material as the main pipeline; the DWTT shearing area of the steel sleeve crack stopper at the design temperature of the main pipeline is more than or equal to 50 percent; preferably, a crack stopper with zero clearance with the main pipeline is used.
S5, calculating the thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper;
the thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper is calculated by adopting the formula (4):
wherein t is arr The thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper; t is t pipe The thickness of the main pipeline steel pipe; sigma (sigma) u pipe The tensile strength of the main pipeline steel pipe; sigma (sigma) u arr Tensile strength of the steel sleeve crack stopper.
S6, calculating the length of the crack stopper;
the length of the steel sleeve crack stopper is calculated by adopting the formula (5):
wherein V is min Is the minimum breaking speed, namely the critical speed when the crack stops; v'. f To the pipe breaking speed V f The corrected fracture speed is more conservative; d is the diameter of a main pipeline steel pipe; m is crack stop/extension boundary line slope.
Referring to fig. 3, the crack stop/extension boundary line slope M is calculated by:
for the pipe breaking speed V f The fracture speed V 'after correction is obtained' f The correction process is as follows:
for the X90 pipeline:
at 1.2V f V 'in the case of ≡.gtoreq.310 m/s' f ＝1.2V f ；
At 1.2V f <In the case of 310m/s, V' f ＝310m/s。
For the X80 pipeline:
at 1.2V f V 'in the case of 270 m/s' f ＝1.2V f ；
At 1.2V f <270m/s, V' f ＝270m/s。
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
(1) First, pipeline parameters are determined, a pressure reduction wave curve is calculated through a BWRS state equation, and a material resistance curve is calculated according to formulas 1 and 2.
The X90 gas line design parameters are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1X90 gas line parameters
The transport gas composition is shown in table 2 with a natural gas temperature of 10 ℃.
| Natural gas component | Methane | Ethane (ethane) |
| Mole percent | 85％ | 15％ |
(2) Calculating the breaking speed V of the pipeline under the working condition through the decompression wave curve and the material resistance curve f And a minimum breaking speed V min 。
V determined by material resistance curve and decompression wave curve min ＝50m/s，V f ＝190m/s。
Assume that a gap C between the crack stopper and the gas pipeline r 0mm, thenV f <V max The crack arrest may be performed by a steel sleeve crack arrestor with zero clearance as shown in fig. 4.
(3) X90 steel same as that of gas pipeline is selected to manufacture steel sleeve crack stopper
(4) Thickness calculation of steel sleeve crack stopper
σ u arr ＝σ u pipe ＝695MPa
The thickness of the crack stopper was 16.3mm.
(5) Length calculation of steel sleeve crack stopper
Using the formulaPerforming calculation
Main pipeline steel pipe diameter d=1219, gap C between steel pipe and crack stopper r Zero, the crack stop/extension boundary line slope is as follows:
M＝1.95581E7+6020.17315+941.44258-1.95565E7＝8562
wherein V is f ＝190m/s，1.2V f ＝228m/s。
For X90 steel tube: at 1.2V f <In the case of 310m/s, V' f ＝310m/s。
The length of the steel sleeve crack stopper was 1.21m.
At present, the design standard of a steel sleeve crack stopper does not exist for high-grade steel pipeline, the finite element calculation process is complex and can not be mastered by ordinary technicians, and meanwhile, the finite element calculation result also needs to be calibrated and corrected through a physical test. According to the invention, a set of empirical formulas/methods is established based on the battelle hyperbolic method according to the series X80 and X90 full-size gas explosion test results, so that the design parameters of the steel sleeve crack stopper can be rapidly and accurately calculated, and the designed steel sleeve crack stopper can stop cracks which expand at high speed under the most economical condition.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The design method of the steel sleeve crack stopper for the high-grade steel gas transmission pipeline is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, calculating a pressure-reducing wave curve and a material resistance curve under the service condition of a pipeline according to pipeline technical indexes, and calculating the breaking speed V of the pipeline under the working condition through the pressure-reducing wave curve and the material resistance curve f ；
S2, changing the breaking resistance f in the material resistance curve, and calculating the minimum breaking speed V when the pipeline is in crack stop through the tangent points of the decompression wave curve and the material resistance curve min The breaking speed when the material resistance curve is tangent to the decompression wave curve is the minimum breaking speed V when the pipeline is stopped min ；
S3, judging whether the current design method of the steel sleeve crack stopper is applicable or not;
s4, selecting the materials of the crack stopper, the DWTT shearing area requirement and the clearance, and manufacturing the steel sleeve crack stopper by using the same steel grade material as the main pipeline; the DWTT shearing area of the steel sleeve crack stopper at the design temperature of the main pipeline is more than or equal to 50 percent; selecting a crack stopper with zero clearance with a main pipeline;
s5, calculating the thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper, wherein the thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper is calculated as follows:
wherein t is arr The thickness of the steel sleeve crack stopper; t is t pipe The thickness of the main pipeline steel pipe; sigma (sigma) upipe The tensile strength of the main pipeline steel pipe; sigma (sigma) uarr Tensile strength of the steel sleeve crack stopper;
s6, calculating the length of the crack stopper, wherein the length of the steel sleeve crack stopper is calculated as follows:
wherein V is min Is the minimum breaking speed, namely the critical speed when the crack stops; v (V) f ' is the pipe breaking speed V f The corrected fracture speed is more conservative; d is the diameter of a main pipeline steel pipe; m is the crack stop/extension boundary line slope, which is calculated by the following formula:
wherein E7 is 10 7 Cr is the gap width between the steel pipe and the crack stopper, and R is the radius of the steel pipe;
for the pipe breaking speed V f The fracture speed V after correction is obtained by correction f ' for X90 pipeline:
at 1.2V f V in the case of ≡310m/s f '＝1.2V f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At 1.2V f <In the case of 310m/s, V f '＝310m/s；
For the X80 pipeline:
at 1.2V f V in the case of ≡270m/s f '＝1.2V f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At 1.2V f <In the case of 270m/s, V f '＝270m/s。
2. The method for designing a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high steel grade gas line according to claim 1, wherein,in step S1, the pipe breaking speed V f Is the intersection velocity of the pressure-reducing wave curve and the material resistance curve.
3. The method for designing a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high-grade steel gas pipeline according to claim 2, wherein the pressure-reducing wave curve is calculated by adopting a BWRS/GEGR08 gas state equation, and the input parameters comprise temperature, pressure and mole percentages of various natural gas components, and the output is the pressure-reducing wave curve;
the material resistance curve is calculated as follows:
wherein sigma flow Is the rheological stress of the steel pipe, t is the wall thickness of the steel pipe, D is the diameter of the steel pipe, E is the elastic modulus of the steel pipe, R CVN Charpy impact power per unit area of steel pipe, P a Pressure of crack initiation, P d For crack tip pressure, V c Is the crack growth rate.
4. The method for designing a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high steel grade gas line as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the line breaking speed V f Less than the maximum breaking speed V max 。
5. The method for designing a steel sleeve crack stopper for a high steel grade gas line as set forth in claim 4, wherein the maximum breaking speed V max The calculation is as follows:
wherein C is r The width of the gap between the steel pipe and the crack stopper.
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| CN111310359B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-09-20 | 西南石油大学 | Design method for optimal flow rate of supercritical ethane long-distance conveying pipeline |
| CN112395800B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2024-05-28 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Calculation method of thickness of B-type sleeve for repairing circumferential weld crack defect of oil and gas pipeline |
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