CN110106301B - Material distribution method for improving production index of blast furnace - Google Patents
Material distribution method for improving production index of blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN110106301B CN110106301B CN201910418753.7A CN201910418753A CN110106301B CN 110106301 B CN110106301 B CN 110106301B CN 201910418753 A CN201910418753 A CN 201910418753A CN 110106301 B CN110106301 B CN 110106301B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
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- C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
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Abstract
The invention discloses a material distribution method for improving production indexes of a blast furnace, wherein the gear position of coke material distribution is divided into 6 gear positions, which are respectively corresponding to gear position angles of 42.5 degrees, 40.5 degrees, 38 degrees, 35 degrees, 30.8 degrees and 11.8 degrees, and the number of material distribution turns at the gear position angles is respectively 3, 2, 1 and 4 turns; the gear of iron ore distribution is divided into 4 gears, corresponding gear angles are 40.5 degrees, 39 degrees, 37 degrees and 35 degrees respectively, and the distribution turns on the gear angles are 4, 3 and 2 turns respectively. The width of the ore platform and the coke platform formed by the material distribution matrix, the ore coke falling point position, the ore coke quantity at each position, the thickness of the ore layer and the coke layer, the ore coke ratio between the edge and the center, a proper central coke ratio and other technical means are adopted to realize reasonable and stable gas flow distribution, not only improve the stable and smooth running of the furnace condition, but also keep higher gas utilization ratio, and finally achieve the purposes of increasing coal and reducing coke and controlling reasonable fuel ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blast furnace burden distribution system, in particular to a burden distribution method for improving blast furnace production indexes.
Background
The blast furnace operation comprises four basic operation systems, namely a charging system, an air supply system, a heating system and a slagging system. The charging system is one of the most important basic operation systems, and is a regulating means for controlling the distribution of gas flow. The method aims to change the distribution condition of furnace burden at the furnace throat by adopting various charging methods according to the characteristics of furnace top charging equipment and the physical properties of raw fuel, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the reasonable distribution of gas flow and realizing the maximum utilization of the heat energy and the chemical energy of the gas. The combination of the charging system and the air supply system determines whether the distribution and utilization level of the coal gas in the blast furnace and the distribution of the coal gas flow are reasonable, which plays an important role in the smooth operation of the blast furnace.
The blast furnace charge is usually batched into the throat of the blast furnace; determining the ore amount and the coke amount of a batch according to the coke load to form a batch, and loading the batch into the throat of the furnace through a distribution chute of a distribution device; the ore and coke are in a layered overlapping structure when viewed from the longitudinal section of the furnace body. Practice proves that the coal gas flow is developed in the place with much coke, so that the temperature of the furnace charge is increased quickly; the position of the soft melting zone where the gas develops is also higher when viewed in the longitudinal section of the blast furnace column. The distribution of gas and burden in the circumferential direction of the furnace is uniform or basically uniform in the normal blast furnace stroke, so that the distribution of gas and burden is analyzed and researched mainly along the radial direction on the section. The gas distribution is generally based on the CO content2Top gas CO plotted by data of contents at different points in radius direction2The curve chart is analyzed and judged, the temperature curve obtained by the cross temperature measurement of the furnace throat is analyzed and judged, and the distribution of furnace burden is analyzed and judged by the thickness of a material layer or the height of a material surface. The method for analyzing and judging the distribution of the gas flow and the distribution of the furnace burden has limitations and can not accurately and comprehensively judge. At present, due to the influence of factors such as quality level change of raw fuel and the like, the utilization rate of blast furnace gas is difficult to ensure while the smooth operation of the blast furnace is met in the production process of the blast furnace, so that the high fuel consumption and the high cost of the blast furnace are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a material distribution method capable of increasing coal and reducing coke and improving the production index of a blast furnace.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the coke distribution gear is divided into 6 gears, which are respectively corresponding to gear angles of 42.5 degrees, 40.5 degrees, 38 degrees, 35 degrees, 30.8 degrees and 11.8 degrees, and the distribution turns at the gear angles are respectively 3, 2, 1 and 4 turns; the gear of iron ore distribution is divided into 4 gears, corresponding gear angles are 40.5 degrees, 39 degrees, 37 degrees and 35 degrees respectively, and the distribution turns on the gear angles are 4, 3 and 2 turns respectively.
The width of the ore platform accounts for 10-15% of the radius of the furnace throat, the width of the coke platform accounts for 15-30% of the radius of the furnace throat, and the depth of the funnel is 1.8-2.0 m.
The average thickness of each batch of mineral stone layers is 0.700-0.730 m, and the average thickness of each batch of coke layers is 0.450-0.500 m.
The wall body of the blast furnace body is divided into 17 sections of cooling walls from bottom to top, and the temperature distribution range of the three sections of cooling walls at the upper parts of the furnace body, namely 17, 16 and 15, is as follows: the wall temperature range of 17 sections is 100-120 ℃, the wall temperature range of 16 sections is 80-100 ℃, and the wall temperature range of 15 sections is 40-60 ℃.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the width of the ore platform and the coke platform formed by the material distribution matrix, the ore coke falling point position, the ore coke quantity at each position, the thickness of the ore layer and the coke layer, the ore coke ratio between the edge and the center, a proper central coke ratio and other technical means realize reasonable and stable gas flow distribution, not only improve the stable and smooth running of the furnace condition, but also keep higher gas utilization ratio, and finally achieve the purposes of increasing coal and reducing coke and controlling reasonable fuel ratio.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the distribution structure of the distribution chute of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention showing the minimum angle of the burden without passing through the distribution chute.
In the figure: lo means the effective length of the distribution chute; e refers to the tilting moment of the distribution chute, and the tilting moment is vertical to the distribution chute; the angle alpha refers to the included angle between the distribution chute and the vertical line; the zero stock line 1 refers to the upper edge of the throat steel brick; the charge level 2 refers to the charge level of the blast furnace during normal material distribution; h refers to the stockline depth, namely the vertical distance from the zero stockline to the stock level, and is measured by a mechanical stock rod; ho refers to the distance from the distribution chute axis of rotation to the zero line.
Detailed Description
The material distribution method for improving the production index of the blast furnace adopts the following process:
(1) material distribution matrix: the distribution matrix of the coke is
Namely, the coke distributing gear is divided into 6 gears, and the corresponding angles are 42.5 degrees, 40.5 degrees, 38 degrees, 35 degrees, 30.8 degrees and 11.8 degrees respectively; when the coke is distributed by the distributing chute, the number of distributing circles corresponding to the distributing angle is respectively 3, 2, 1 and 4, and the total number is 16; namely 3 circles of coke cloth at a 42.5-degree gear and 3 circles of coke cloth at a 40.5-degree gear, … … 11.8.8-degree gear and 4 circles of coke cloth.
The distribution matrix of the ore is
Namely, the gears for iron ore distribution are divided into 4 gears, and the corresponding angles are 40.5 degrees, 39 degrees, 37 degrees and 35 degrees respectively; when the iron ore is distributed on the distribution chute, the distribution turns corresponding to the distribution angle are respectively 4, 3 and 2, and 13 turns are counted; namely 4 circles of iron ore distribution at 40.5 degrees, 4 circles of iron ore distribution at 39 degrees, 3 circles of iron ore distribution at 37 degrees and 2 circles of iron ore distribution at 35 degrees.
(2) And calculating the maximum angle of the furnace charge colliding with the furnace wall. And measuring and calculating the maximum alpha angle corresponding to the furnace burden collision point according to the experiment that the material flow track collides with the furnace wall during the damping down period. When coke is distributed, the main material flow trace collides with the furnace wall at a shift angle of 42.5 degrees, and the material flow corresponds to 1.3m of a material line. The maximum angle determined by the method is beneficial to forming a coke platform and keeping the edge airflow stable.
(3) The burden is not counted over the lowest angle of the chute. α min ═ ATAN (distribution chute tilt moment/chute effective length) ═ ATAN (0.88/3.87)/PI () × 180 ═ 12.8 °. In the step (1), the actual minimum distribution angle of the coke, namely alpha min is less than 11.8 degrees and less than 12.8 degrees, so the coke is not distributed through a chute at the minimum distribution angle and is directly distributed to the center of the furnace throat. The minimum coke angle determined by the method can ensure that coke is directly distributed to the center of the furnace throat without passing through the distribution chute, and is beneficial to developing central airflow.
(4) The coke platform width accounts for 15-30% of the furnace throat radius, the ore platform width accounts for 10-15% of the furnace throat radius, and the funnel depth is 1.8-2.0 m; the platform after the coke distribution or the ore distribution is in a funnel shape, the center is low, and the periphery is high; the depth of the funnel is the vertical distance from the plane position of the platform after the ore or coke is distributed to the lowest point of the center of the charge level. The width of the ore coke platform provided by the method is used for forming the material surface of the platform hopper.
(5) The ore angle difference is 5.5 degrees, the coke angle difference is 30.7 degrees, and the weight percentage of the central coke is 25 percent. Note: the ore angle difference (symbol delta alpha ore) is the difference between the maximum angle and the minimum angle of the iron ore, and in the method, the angle is 40.5 degrees to 35 degrees or 5.5 degrees; the angular coke difference (the symbol Δ α coke) is the difference between the maximum and minimum coke angles, and in this method means that 42.5 ° -11.8 ° -30.7 °. The weight percentage of the center coke is the percentage of the coke turns distributed to the center of the furnace throat to the total turns distributed by the coke, and in the method, 4/16 x 100 is 25%. The ore corner coke, the coke angle difference and the central coke proportion parameter provided by the method are used for keeping reasonable coal gas utilization rate on the basis of keeping the central gas flow development.
(6) The average thickness of the throat ore layer is 0.700-0.730 m, and the average thickness of the coke layer is 0.450-0.500 m; the ore layer thickness and coke layer thickness are expressed as the thickness of a batch of ore or a batch of coke at the throat location. The thickness of the coke layer or the ore layer at the furnace throat is determined according to the smelting rule of the blast furnace, the coke layer or the ore layer descends in the furnace according to the layer shape, and simultaneously, as the diameter of the furnace body is gradually enlarged, the coke layer or the ore layer moves transversely, the coke layer is gradually thinned from top to bottom, and the thickness of the coke layer or the ore layer reaches the thinnest at the furnace waist; in order to ensure the air permeability of the material column at the furnace waist, the coke layer at the furnace waist cannot be lower than 200mm, so that the thickness of the coke layer at the furnace throat is calculated to be 0.450-0.500 m, and the minimum coke batch is 18 tons; meanwhile, 91 tons of ore removal batches are calculated according to the coke load, and the thickness of the corresponding ore layer is 0.700-0.730 m. The thickness of the ore layer or the coke layer in the invention refers to the thickness of the ore or coke after the distribution of a batch of ore or coke, and is not the thickness of each circle of the ore or coke after the distribution of the ore or coke.
(7) Cross temperature measurement temperature distribution: 2 cross temperature measuring frames are arranged on the upper edge of the furnace throat steel brick, and a thermocouple instrument is arranged on each cross temperature measuring frame and used for measuring the temperature of each point of the coal gas flow in the radius direction of the furnace throat. Wherein the edge temperature refers to the temperature close to the furnace wall, and the central temperature refers to the temperature of the central point of the plane. The edge temperature is 80-110 ℃, and the center temperature is 500-600 ℃.
(8) Wall temperature distribution of a cooling wall at the upper part of the furnace body: the wall body of the blast furnace shaft is divided into 17 sections of cooling walls from bottom to top, and the temperature distribution ranges of the three sections of cooling walls of the upper parts 15, 16 and 17 of the blast furnace shaft are as follows: the wall temperature range of 17 sections is 100-120 ℃, the wall temperature range of 16 sections is 80-100 ℃, and the wall temperature range of 15 sections is 40-60 ℃.
(9) Top gas composition (vol): CO 2222-22.5%, 22.5-22.8% of CO, and 49-50% of coal gas utilization rate.
Through the measures from (1) to (6), reasonable gas flow distribution with central development, stable edge and high gas utilization rate can be realized, and the specific quantification of the reasonable gas flow is the measures from (7) to (9).
Example 1: the material distribution method for improving the production index of the blast furnace is specifically described as follows.
Material distribution matrix: the distribution matrix of the coke is
The distribution matrix of the ore is
The coke platform width accounts for 21% of the furnace throat radius, the ore platform width accounts for 15% of the furnace throat radius, and the funnel depth is 2.0 m. The average thickness of the throat ore layer is 0.730m, and the average thickness of the coke layer is 0.480 m. Cross temperature measurement is carried out, wherein the edge temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the center temperature is 500-550 ℃. Wall temperature of cooling wall at upper part of furnace body: the wall temperature range of 17 sections is 100-110 ℃, the wall temperature range of 16 sections is 80-90 ℃, and the wall temperature range of 15 sections is 40-50 ℃. As detected, the top gas composition (vol): CO 22 22.5％、CO 22.8％、CO2+ CO 45.3%, gas utilization 22.5/45.3 × 100 49.7%.
Example 2: the material distribution method for improving the production index of the blast furnace is specifically described as follows.
Material distribution matrix: the distribution matrix of the coke is
The distribution matrix of the ore is
The coke platform width accounts for 25% of the furnace throat radius, the ore platform width accounts for 10% of the furnace throat radius, and the funnel depth is 1.9 m. The average thickness of the throat ore layer is 0.730m, and the average thickness of the coke layer is 0.480 m. Cross temperature measurement is carried out, wherein the edge temperature is 90-100 ℃, and the center temperature is 550-600 ℃. Wall temperature of cooling wall at upper part of furnace body: the wall temperature range of 17 sections is 105-115 ℃, the wall temperature range of 16 sections is 90-100 ℃, and the wall temperature range of 15 sections is 50-60 ℃. As detected, the top gas composition (vol): CO 22 22.0％、CO 22.6％、CO2+ CO 44.6%, gas utilization 22.0/44.6 × 100 49.3%.
Example 3: the material distribution method for improving the production index of the blast furnace is specifically described as follows.
Material distribution matrix: the distribution matrix of the coke is
The distribution matrix of the ore is
The coke platform width accounts for 18% of the furnace throat radius, the ore platform width accounts for 15% of the furnace throat radius, and the funnel depth is 2.0 m. The average thickness of the throat ore layer is 0.720m, and the average thickness of the coke layer is 0.490 m. Cross temperature measurement is carried out, wherein the edge temperature is 95-100 ℃, and the center temperature is 500-550 ℃. Wall temperature of cooling wall at upper part of furnace body: the wall temperature range of 17 sections is 100-110 ℃, the wall temperature range of 16 sections is 85-95 ℃, and the wall temperature range of 15 ℃ isThe temperature range of the section wall is 45-55 ℃. As detected, the top gas composition (vol): CO 22 22.0％、CO 22.5％、CO2+ CO 44.5%, gas utilization 22.0/44.5 × 100 49.4%.
Example 4: the material distribution method for improving the production index of the blast furnace is specifically described as follows.
Material distribution matrix: the distribution matrix of the coke is
The distribution matrix of the ore is
The coke platform width accounts for 15% of the furnace throat radius, the ore platform width accounts for 13% of the furnace throat radius, and the funnel depth is 1.8 m. The average thickness of the throat ore layer is 0.710m, and the average thickness of the coke layer is 0.500 m. Cross temperature measurement is carried out, wherein the edge temperature is 95-105 ℃, and the center temperature is 520-570 ℃. Wall temperature of cooling wall at upper part of furnace body: the wall temperature range of 17 sections is 105-115 ℃, the wall temperature range of 16 sections is 85-95 ℃, and the wall temperature range of 15 sections is 50-60 ℃. As detected, the top gas composition (vol): CO 22 22.5％、CO 22.5％、CO2+ CO 45%, gas utilization 22.5/45 100 50%.
Example 5: the material distribution method for improving the production index of the blast furnace is specifically described as follows.
Material distribution matrix: the distribution matrix of the coke is
The distribution matrix of the ore is
The coke platform width accounts for 30% of the furnace throat radius, the ore platform width accounts for 12% of the furnace throat radius, and the funnel depth is 1.9 m. The average thickness of the throat ore layer is 0.700m, and the average thickness of the coke layer is 0.450 m. Measuring the temperature of the cross at 85-95 deg.C edge and 500 deg.C centerAt 550 ℃. Wall temperature of cooling wall at upper part of furnace body: the wall temperature range of 17 sections is 100-110 ℃, the wall temperature range of 16 sections is 80-90 ℃, and the wall temperature range of 15 sections is 45-55 ℃. As detected, the top gas composition (vol): CO 22 22.2％、CO 22.5％、CO2And 44.7 percent of + CO, and 49.7 percent of gas utilization rate of 22.2/44.7.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A material distribution method for improving production indexes of a blast furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps: the gear positions of coke distribution are divided into 6 gear positions, the corresponding gear position angles are 42.5 degrees, 40.5 degrees, 38 degrees, 35 degrees, 30.8 degrees and 11.8 degrees respectively, and the distribution turns at the gear position angles are 3, 2, 1 and 4 turns respectively; the gear of iron ore distribution is divided into 4 gears, which are respectively corresponding to gear angles of 40.5 degrees, 39 degrees, 37 degrees and 35 degrees, and the distribution turns at the gear angles are respectively 4, 3 and 2 turns; the average thickness of each batch of mineral stone layers is 0.700-0.730 m, and the average thickness of each batch of coke layers is 0.450-0.500 m; according to the experiment that the material flow track collides with the furnace wall during the damping down period, the maximum alpha angle corresponding to the furnace charge collision point is measured and calculated, when coke is distributed, the main material flow track collides with the furnace wall at the gear angle of 42.5 degrees, the angle is 42.5 degrees, and the corresponding material line is 1.3 m; α min = ATAN (distribution chute tilting moment/chute effective length) = ATAN (0.88/3.87)/PI () 180, actual minimum distribution angle of coke < α min, and the minimum distribution angle of coke is not distributed through the chute and is directly distributed to the center of the furnace throat; the wall body of the blast furnace body is divided into 17 sections of cooling walls from bottom to top, and the temperature distribution ranges of the three sections of cooling walls of 17, 16 and 15 sections on the upper part of the furnace body are as follows: the wall temperature range of the 17-section cooling wall is 100-120 ℃, the wall temperature range of the 16-section cooling wall is 80-100 ℃, and the wall temperature range of the 15-section cooling wall is 40-60 ℃;
the method for determining the average thickness of each batch of the ore layers and the average thickness of each batch of the coke layers comprises the following steps: the thickness of the coke layer or the ore layer at the furnace throat is determined according to the smelting rule of the blast furnace, the coke layer or the ore layer descends in the furnace according to the layer shape, and simultaneously, as the diameter of the furnace body is gradually enlarged, the coke layer or the ore layer moves transversely, the coke layer is gradually thinned from top to bottom, and the thickness of the coke layer or the ore layer reaches the thinnest at the furnace waist; in order to ensure the air permeability of the material column at the furnace waist, the coke layer at the furnace waist cannot be lower than 200mm, and the thickness of the coke layer at the furnace throat is calculated to be 0.450-0.500 m; and calculating 91 tons of ore removal batches according to the coke load, wherein the thickness of the corresponding ore layer is 0.700-0.730 m.
2. The material distribution method for improving the production index of the blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the material distribution method comprises the following steps: the width of the ore platform accounts for 10-15% of the radius of the furnace throat, the width of the coke platform accounts for 15-30% of the radius of the furnace throat, and the depth of the funnel is 1.8-2.0 m.
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| CN115109875B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2024-01-05 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Control method for adding scrap steel into blast furnace |
| CN114540563A (en) * | 2022-02-20 | 2022-05-27 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for setting material distribution parameters of blast furnace |
| CN116694837B (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-10-13 | 山西建龙实业有限公司 | Distribution method for high-proportion bituminous coal injection |
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| CN108085444A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-05-29 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | A kind of burden distribution matrix design method for improving large blast furnace gas utilization rate |
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| CN107287372A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-10-24 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | A kind of method of blast furnace throat radial coke power load distributing |
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