CN110105975B

CN110105975B - Equipment based on solar energy preheats and schizolysis junked tire

Info

Publication number: CN110105975B
Application number: CN201910374526.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹凤福; 庄虔晓; 王瑞东; 安瑞; 杜泽瑞; 汪传生; 边慧光; 张德伟; 郭磊; 梁栋
Original assignee: Qingdao University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Qingdao University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2019-05-07
Filing date: 2019-05-07
Publication date: 2024-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-07
Also published as: CN110105975A

Abstract

The invention discloses equipment for preheating and cracking junked tires based on solar energy, which comprises a heat collecting device, a feeding preheating device, a cracking device, an oil-gas separation storage device, a solid product recovery device and an automatic control system, wherein the heat collecting device is connected with the feeding preheating device; the devices are connected with each other, and the heat collecting device in the device for preheating and cracking the junked tires based on solar energy can absorb the solar energy to provide necessary temperature for cracking the junked tires; the invention solves the strong dependence of the traditional pyrolysis mode on fossil fuel or electricity in the prior art, and on the other hand, solves the defect of insufficient heat supply caused by factors such as weather, different time periods and the like of sunlight, improves economic benefit and reduces carbon emission; the pyrolysis device has compact structure, and improves the utilization efficiency of heat; the heating mode can realize automatic control, and is convenient and quick; the oil gas pipeline is provided with a heat exchange device, preheated inert gas is introduced into the cracking furnace to promote the generation and discharge of oil gas, so that the multi-stage utilization of energy is realized, and the utilization efficiency of the energy is improved.

Description

Equipment based on solar energy preheats and schizolysis junked tire

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device for reprocessing junked tires, in particular to equipment for preheating and cracking junked tires based on solar energy.

Background

The world tire yield in 2018 is estimated to be over 22 hundred million, the annual tire demand can be over 25 hundred million by 2020, the annual compound speed increase is about 3% -5%, and the number of waste tires is continuously increased. Junked tires are considered to be an increasingly serious environmental and economic issue, so how to reasonably and efficiently treat these junked tires is becoming a focus of widespread attention in various countries. The method for comprehensively utilizing the waste tires in China mainly comprises the steps of retreading and remanufacturing the waste tires, producing reclaimed rubber, rubber powder, thermally cracking and the like, but the utilization efficiency and the economy of the first three treatment modes are low, and the method is gradually eliminated at present. The waste tires are thermally cracked to obtain high-energy hydrogen and carbon, which is considered to be a more environment-friendly and efficient treatment method. Pyrolysis is the most potential treatment mode in the recycling mode of waste tires, and can realize the complete recycling recovery of the waste tires, and the pyrolysis products of the produced high-quality pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis carbon black waste tires are materials with high added value, such as oil, carbon and hydrogen carbon gas, and steel ropes. However, the pyrolysis of junked tires has high energy requirements, and at present, a pyrolysis source is mainly provided by burning fossil fuel or electric heating, so that the energy consumption is high, the quality of the pyrolysis carbon black is poor, the yield is low, and therefore, the pyrolysis is considered as a reprocessing technology with low economic benefit.

CN201520987183.0 relates to a novel biomass thermal cracking device, which belongs to the technical field of biomass thermochemical conversion, and comprises a combustion chamber and an outer barrel arranged in the combustion chamber, wherein an inner barrel is arranged in the center of the outer barrel, a serpentine distributed spiral heat exchange pipe is arranged in the outer barrel, the spiral heat exchange pipe is wound on the outer wall of the inner barrel, an air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom end of the inner barrel, and a centrifugal blower is arranged above the combustion chamber. The biomass thermal cracking device adopts high-temperature hot air which is introduced into a combustion chamber between an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, and directly heats biomass raw materials by utilizing the wall of the outer cylinder and the wall of the inner cylinder, so that the thermal contact area of the biomass raw materials is shortened; the high-temperature fluidization gas formed by mixing the non-condensable combustible gas and the high-temperature hot air is utilized to heat the biomass raw material again, so that the heating efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced; the total height of the device is reduced by 40-50% compared with the existing thermal cracking device, the production cost is reduced, but the spiral heat exchange tube is an air preheater, is preheated by non-condensable gas, has low temperature of the preheated non-combustible gas, and needs to be mixed with high-temperature hot air to heat biomass raw materials. CN201810362790.6 discloses a continuous cracking device for EPT junked tires, comprising a cracking furnace connected with a tire feeding system, a heating device for heating the cracking furnace, a solid-gas separator communicated with the cracking furnace, a condenser communicated with the solid-gas separator, an oil-gas separator communicated with the condenser, and an oil storage tank and a gas storage tank communicated with the oil-gas separator. The inside of the cracking furnace is provided with a vertically arranged cracking tube, the upper end is fed, and the lower end is discharged, so that continuous cracking of the tire is realized. The invention also discloses a method for continuously cracking the waste tires by adopting the device, which realizes the complete cracking of the tires by controlling the process conditions, has good cracking effect and high production efficiency, and adopts the heating mode that a cracking furnace heats a cracking tube and preheating and cracking are completed in the cracking tube; CN200710017023.3 discloses a method and device for pyrolysis of biomass gas tar, the method mainly comprises the steps of (a) gasification of biomass gasification furnace; (B) Washing with water, filtering, and performing high-temperature pyrolysis in a special high-temperature pyrolysis device to obtain biomass gas with the temperature of 250-350 ℃ discharged from the steps (A) and (B), and performing pyrolysis reaction in a special high-temperature pyrolysis furnace at the temperature of 800-1200 ℃ to obtain low-carbon methane, ethane and ethylene combustible gas; the purified gas enters a user network for use. The device comprises a controller, an air inlet pipe, a reversing valve, a thermocouple, an exhaust pipe, a cracking furnace and a heater, and is characterized in that the cracking furnace is of a three-section structure, a high-temperature heating section is arranged in the middle, low-temperature storage sections are arranged at the two ends of the cracking furnace, the reversing valve is respectively arranged at the two ends of the cracking furnace, one end of the valve is connected with the air inlet pipe, the other end of the valve is connected with the exhaust pipe, the thermocouple electrically connected with the controller is arranged on the exhaust pipe and the reversing valve, and the reversing valve is in two passage states and controls biomass gas to flow positively and reversely. However, the above technology does not disclose a method and apparatus for performing the tire cracking by using clean energy such as solar energy and the like and by using a complete system of processes.

The environment-friendly and effective solution is to utilize solar heat energy to replace or partially replace the technology of fossil fuel or electric heating cracking, combine the heating mode of solar heat collection and electric heating, reduce the strong dependence of the cracking process on fossil fuel or electricity, improve the defect of unstable solar heat collection, exert the advantages of solar heat collection, reduce the dependence of fossil fuel and reduce environmental pollution.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device for obtaining oil products, steel wires and carbon black by utilizing solar energy to preheat and crack waste tires. Solves the problem that the prior thermal cracking technology strongly depends on fossil raw materials and electric energy so as to improve economic benefit and reduce environmental pollution.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: equipment based on solar energy preheats and schizolysis junked tire, its characterized in that: comprises a heat collecting device, a feeding preheating device, a cracking device, an oil-gas separation storage device, a solid product recovery device and an automatic control system.

The devices are connected with each other, and the heat collecting device in the device for preheating and cracking the junked tires based on solar energy can absorb the solar energy to provide necessary temperature for cracking the junked tires;

The feeding preheating device comprises a hopper, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a spiral feeder and a pushing device, wherein the tube bundles of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger are parallel to the central axis of the screw rod and are uniformly distributed in the outer wall of the spiral feeder; the pushing device is positioned at the upper left part of the spiral feeder and comprises a pushing block and a transmission device, and the bottom edge of the pushing block and the bottom edge of the feeding door are positioned on the same horizontal line.

The heat collecting device comprises a heliostat, a receiver, a hot salt storage tank, an expansion tank and a cold salt storage tank, wherein the heliostat consists of an automatic tracking device and a reflecting plate, the automatic tracking device comprises two servo motors, a servo motor A and a servo motor B, and the servo motors drive the left and right swing of a waist joint and the pitching motion of an elbow joint;

local longitude and latitude, time and date obtained by the automatic tracking device, and sunlight incident angle obtained by computer software ^λ Assuming that the angle between the reflecting plate and the ground in the horizontal direction is alpha, the normal angle between the reflected light and the reflecting plate is beta, the horizontal distance between the reflecting plate and the receiver is L, and the vertical distance is H, in the triangle ABC, the Pythagorean theorem knows:

tanβ＝H/L

the horizontal distance L and the vertical distance H between the reflecting plate and the receiver can be obtained by the displacement sensor, so that the angle β between the reflected light and the horizontal direction can be obtained, and the triangle ADE is further known by the triangle relationship:

α＝90-(β+λ)

The included angle alpha between the reflecting plate and the horizontal direction, namely the pitching angle between the reflecting plate and the horizontal direction can be obtained; the receiver is positioned at the focus of the heliostat, the interior of the receiver is provided with stirring blades, one outlet is connected with the hot salt circulating pump after passing through the hot salt storage tank, the other outlet is directly connected with the hot salt circulating pump, and the hot salt storage tank temporarily stores heat transfer fluid when the heat transfer fluid is excessive for later use; the expansion tank can replenish the lost heat transfer fluid in the system and discharge the gas entering the heat transfer fluid when the reversing valve is in the switching state; the cold salt storage tank can store the heat transfer fluid in the pipeline, the heat exchanger and the receiver by overflowing from the expansion tank into the cold salt storage tank at night or in bad weather conditions, so as to prevent the heat transfer fluid from cooling and solidifying, and cause blockage and corrosion of the pipeline and the device. Further, as another preferred mode of the present invention, the receiver is located at a focal point where the heliostat and the secondary mirror are focused;

the cracking device comprises a feeding door, a spiral heat exchange tube, an electric heating plate, a rotary spiral belt type stirrer, a baffle, an oil gas outlet, a cracking furnace base and a vibrating grate, wherein the feeding door is positioned at the upper left part of the cracking furnace and is connected with the cracking furnace through a hinge, and a slope of 1-2 degrees is formed between the feeding door and the horizontal direction, so that the oil gas leakage caused by the imprecise closing of the feeding door is prevented; the spiral heat exchange tube is positioned in the furnace wall of the cracking furnace, and the inlet and outlet are respectively connected with the reversing valve and the cold salt circulating pump; the electric heating plate is attached to the inner wall of the cracking furnace, and the inner surface of the electric heating plate is provided with a baffle plate made of anti-corrosion materials; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer is positioned at the center of the cracking furnace, the upper part of the rotary spiral belt type stirrer is connected with the top of the cracking furnace through a bearing, and the lower part of the rotary spiral belt type stirrer is supported by the bottom seat of the cracking furnace; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer is matched with the baffle plate for use, so that stirring is uniform and swirling does not occur; the center of the cracking furnace base is provided with a vibrating grate, and the cracked carbon black and steel wire mixture falls off through a gap of the vibrating grate.

The oil-gas separation storage device comprises a drain valve, an air preheater, a condensing tower, a gas storage tank and an oil storage tank, wherein the drain valve can absorb water vapor in oil gas, and the air preheater is used for preheating inert gas introduced from the outside and promoting the discharge of pyrolysis oil gas; non-condensable gas entering the condensing tower enters the gas storage tank, and condensable oil products enter the oil storage tank.

The solid product recovery device comprises a discharge switch, a gravity winnowing machine and a movable trolley;

and opening a discharge switch after the pyrolysis is completed, discharging solid products generated by the pyrolysis through a gap of a vibrating grate, separating carbon black and steel wires in a gravity winnowing machine, directly feeding the steel wires into a movable trolley, and packaging the carbon black and then putting the carbon black into the movable trolley.

Further, as another preferable mode of the present invention, the solid product recovery device includes a discharge switch, a slag remover, a gravity air separator, and a movable trolley;

the discharging switch is opened after the pyrolysis is completed, solid products generated by the pyrolysis are discharged into the slag remover through a gap of the vibrating grate, a push plate is arranged in the slag remover, carbon black and steel wires after dust and sand are removed are pushed into the gravity winnowing machine to be separated, the steel wires directly enter the movable trolley, and the carbon black is put into the movable trolley after being packed.

The heat collection device control system comprises a heliostat controller, a temperature sensor, an electric plate relay, a reversing valve and an unloading valve, wherein the heliostat controller comprises a GPS positioning system and a DSP processor; the temperature sensor is positioned at the outlet of the heat collecting device, the temperature sensor outputs the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to the heat collecting device control system, the output signal of the heat collecting device control system controls the connection state of the reversing valve, and the outlet of the reversing valve is connected with the spiral heat exchange pipe of the cracking furnace and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the spiral feeder; the electric heating plate relay is positioned between the electric heating plate and the circuit of the power supply and controls the opening and closing of the circuit.

The inner wall of the pyrolysis furnace base is inclined at 2-3 degrees with the horizontal direction, and pyrolysis products are driven to rotate by a spiral belt type stirrer and are discharged smoothly along the inclined furnace bottom under the action of self gravity.

The heat transfer fluid is nitrate, wherein the hot salt storage tank and the cold salt storage tank are both the same nitrate.

The three switching states of the reversing valve are normally closed, and a 3-5 second interval is reserved between the switching states of the two channels, at the moment, the reversing valve is in the closed state, the pressure in the pipeline is increased, at the moment, the unloading valve is opened, so that heat transfer fluid in the pipeline is discharged through the circulating pump before switching.

The one-way valve cuts off the pipeline when the heat transfer fluid is emptied at night or in bad weather conditions, so that the heat transfer fluid can only enter the expansion tank and then overflows into the cold salt storage tank for storage.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the two heat supply modes of solar heat collection and electric heating plate heating are matched to supply heat for the cracking process, so that on one hand, the strong dependence of the traditional pyrolysis mode on fossil fuel or electricity is reduced, on the other hand, the defect of insufficient heat supply of sunlight due to factors such as weather, different time periods and the like is overcome, the economic benefit is improved, and the carbon emission is reduced;

2. the automatic tracking device of the heliostat can automatically adjust the direction and the angle of the reflecting plate along with the movement of the sun, so as to provide stable solar radiation for the receiver and ensure sufficient heat energy output; in addition, the number of heliostats can be adjusted to solve the problem of insufficient heat sources caused by seasons and climatic factors;

3. the nitrate has good thermal stability and high specific heat capacity, can be used as a heat storage carrier to relieve the problem of insufficient heat at night, has high use temperature and high convection heat transfer coefficient, can be used as a heat transfer fluid to effectively improve the heat transfer efficiency, and has oxidation-reduction reaction with iron atoms in a pipeline material to form an oxide film on the surface of the pipeline so as to reduce the corrosion of the pipeline; the fluid heat transfer system is stopped in cloudy days or at night, the unloading valve is matched with the circulating pump to timely remove the residual heat transfer fluid in the pipeline, the heat transfer fluid in the receiver flows back under the action of self gravity and enters the cold salt storage tank after being blocked by the one-way valve, so that the blockage and corrosion caused by the cooling of the heat transfer fluid in the pipeline are effectively avoided;

4. The pyrolysis device has compact structure, and improves the utilization efficiency of heat; the heating mode can realize automatic control, convenient and fast. The oil gas pipeline is provided with a heat exchange device, preheated inert gas is introduced into the cracking furnace to promote the discharge of cracking oil gas, so that the multi-stage utilization of energy is realized, and the utilization efficiency of energy is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heliostat control system.

Fig. 2 (a) (b) is a schematic diagram of two embodiments of a preheating and cracking apparatus for preheating and cracking scrap tires by solar energy.

Fig. 3 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of two embodiments of a heat collecting device for preheating and cracking waste tires by solar energy.

FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of solar energy preheating and scrap tire cracking.

The reference numbers in the drawings: in a first embodiment: the device comprises a support frame 1, a waist joint 2, an elbow joint 3 and a reflecting plate 4, a receiver 5, a stirring blade 6, a temperature sensor 7, a hot salt storage tank 8, a hot salt circulating pump 9, a reversing valve 10, an unloading valve 11, a motor 12, a hopper 13, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 14, a push block 15, a screw 16, a spiral heat exchange tube 17, a feed gate 18, an electric heating plate 19, a baffle 20, a rotary spiral belt stirrer 21, an oil gas outlet 22, a drain valve 23, an air preheater 24, a condensing tower 25, an oil storage tank 26, an air storage tank 27, a cracking furnace base 28, a vibrating grate 29, a discharge switch 30, a gravity winnowing machine 31, a movable trolley 32, a fan 33, a cold salt circulating pump 34, a check valve 35, an expansion tank 36 and a cold salt storage tank 37 in the second embodiment: the device comprises a support frame 1, a waist joint 2, an elbow joint 3, a reflecting plate 4, a stirring blade 5, a receiver 6, a secondary reflecting mirror 7, a temperature sensor 8, a hot salt storage tank 9, a hot salt circulating pump 10, a reversing valve 11, an unloading valve 12, a motor 13, a hopper 14, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15, a screw 16, a push block 17, a spiral heat exchange tube 18, an electric heating plate 19, a feed gate 20, a baffle 21, a rotary spiral belt stirrer 22, an oil gas outlet 23, a drain valve 24, an air preheater 25, a condensing tower 26, an oil storage tank 27, an air storage tank 28, a fan 29, a movable trolley 30, a gravity air separator 31, a slag remover 32, a discharge switch 33, a vibrating grate 34, a cracking furnace base 35, a cold salt circulating pump 36, a one-way valve 37, an expansion tank 38 and a cold salt storage tank 39

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an apparatus for preheating and cracking junked tires based on solar energy is characterized in that: comprises a heat collecting device, a feeding preheating device, a cracking device, an oil-gas separation storage device, a solid product recovery device and an automatic control system.

the feeding preheating device comprises a hopper 13, a tube shell heat exchanger 14, a spiral feeder and a pushing device, wherein the tube bundles of the tube shell heat exchanger 14 are parallel to the central axis of the screw rod and are uniformly distributed in the outer wall of the spiral feeder; the pushing device is positioned at the upper left of the screw feeder and comprises a pushing block 15 and a transmission device, and the bottom edge of the pushing block 15 and the bottom edge of the feeding door 18 are positioned on the same horizontal line.

The heat collecting device comprises a heliostat, a receiver 5, a hot salt storage tank 8, an expansion tank 36 and a cold salt storage tank 37, wherein the heliostat consists of an automatic tracking device and a reflecting plate 4, the automatic tracking device comprises two servo motors, a servo motor A and a servo motor B, and the servo motors drive the waist joint 2 to swing left and right and the elbow joint 3 to do pitching motion;

The local longitude and latitude, time and date obtained by the automatic tracking device obtain the sunlight incident angle lambda through computer software, assume that the angle between the reflecting plate 4 and the ground horizontal direction is alpha, the normal angle between the reflected light and the reflecting plate 4 is beta, the horizontal distance between the reflecting plate 4 and the receiver 5 is L, the vertical distance is H, and in the triangle ABC, the Pythagorean theorem knows:

tanβ＝H/L

the horizontal distance L and the vertical distance H between the reflecting plate 4 and the receiver 5 can be obtained by a displacement sensor, so that the angle β between the reflected light and the horizontal direction can be obtained, and the triangle ADE is further known by the triangle relationship:

α＝90-(β+λ)

the included angle alpha between the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction, namely the pitching angle between the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction can be obtained; the receiver 5 is positioned at the focus of the heliostat, the interior of the receiver 5 is provided with stirring blades, one outlet is connected with a hot salt circulating pump after passing through the hot salt storage tank 8, the other outlet is directly connected with the hot salt circulating pump, and the hot salt storage tank 8 temporarily stores heat transfer fluid when the heat transfer fluid is excessive for later use; the expansion tank 36 may replenish the lost heat transfer fluid in the system and vent the gas entering the heat transfer fluid when the reversing valve 10 is in the reverse state; the cold salt storage tank 37 stores the heat transfer fluid in the pipeline, the heat exchanger and the receiver 5 overflowed from the expansion tank 36 into the cold salt storage tank 37 at night or when weather conditions are bad, and prevents the heat transfer fluid from cooling and solidifying, thereby causing blockage and corrosion of the pipeline and the device.

The cracking device comprises a feed gate 18, a spiral heat exchange tube 17, an electric heating plate 19, a baffle 20, a rotary spiral belt type stirrer 21, a baffle 20, an oil gas outlet 22, a cracking furnace base 28 and a vibrating grate 29, wherein the feed gate 18 is positioned at the upper left part of the cracking furnace and is connected with the cracking furnace through a hinge, and a slope of 1-2 degrees is formed between the feed gate and the horizontal direction, so that the oil gas leakage caused by the inexact closing of the feed gate is prevented; the spiral heat exchange tube 17 is positioned in the furnace wall of the cracking furnace, and the inlet and outlet are respectively connected with the reversing valve 10 and the cold salt circulating pump 34; the electric heating plate 19 is attached to the inner wall of the cracking furnace, and the inner surface of the electric heating plate is provided with a baffle 20 made of anti-corrosion materials; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 21 is positioned at the center of the cracking furnace, the upper part of the rotary spiral belt type stirrer is connected with the top of the cracking furnace through a bearing, and the lower part of the rotary spiral belt type stirrer is supported by a cracking furnace base 28; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 21 is matched with the baffle 20 to stir evenly without swirling; the center of the cracking furnace base 28 is provided with a vibrating grate 29, and the cracked carbon black and steel wire mixture falls off through the gap of the vibrating grate 29.

The oil-gas separation storage device comprises a drain valve 23, an air preheater 24, a condensing tower 25, a gas storage tank 27 and an oil storage tank 26, wherein the drain valve 23 can absorb water vapor in oil gas, and the air preheater 24 is used for preheating inert gas introduced from the outside and promoting the discharge of pyrolysis oil gas; the non-condensable gas entering the condensing tower 25 enters the gas storage tank 27, and the condensable oil enters the oil storage tank 26.

The solid product recovery device comprises a discharge switch 30, a gravity winnowing machine 31 and a movable trolley 32;

the discharging switch 30 is opened after the cracking is completed, solid products generated by the cracking are discharged through gaps of the vibrating grate 29, carbon black and steel wires enter the gravity winnowing machine 31 for separation, the steel wires directly enter the movable trolley 32, and the carbon black is packed and then is put into the movable trolley 32.

The heat collection device control system comprises a heliostat controller, a temperature sensor 7, an electric hot plate relay, a reversing valve 10 and an unloading valve 11, wherein the heliostat controller comprises a GPS positioning system and a DSP processor; the temperature sensor 7 is positioned at the outlet of the heat collecting device, the temperature sensor 7 outputs the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to the heat collecting device control system, the output signal of the heat collecting device control system controls the on state of the reversing valve 10, and the outlet of the reversing valve 10 is connected with the spiral heat exchange tube 17 of the cracking furnace and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 14 of the spiral feeder; the electric heating plate relay is positioned between the electric heating plate 19 and the circuit of the power supply to control the opening and closing of the circuit.

The inner wall of the cracking furnace base 28 is inclined at 2-3 degrees with the horizontal direction, and the cracking products are driven to rotate by a spiral belt type stirrer, so that the cracking products are discharged along the furnace bottom inclined plane under the action of self gravity.

The heat transfer fluid is nitrate, wherein both the hot salt storage tank 8 and the cold salt storage tank 37 are the same nitrate.

The three switching states of the reversing valve 10 are normally closed, and when the two paths are switched, the switching states are separated by 3-5 seconds, the reversing valve 10 is in the closed state, the pressure in the pipeline is increased, and the unloading valve 11 is opened, so that the heat transfer fluid in the pipeline is discharged through the circulating pump before switching.

The check valve 35 cuts off the line where the heat transfer fluid is located when it is emptied at night or during bad weather conditions, so that the heat transfer fluid can only enter the expansion tank and overflow into the cold salt storage tank 37 for storage.

Working condition I

In the embodiment of the invention, the device for preheating and cracking the junked tires based on solar energy comprises: the device comprises a heat collecting device, a feeding preheating device, a cracking device, an oil-gas separation storage device, a solid product recovery device and an automatic control system.

The heat collecting device is connected with the feeding preheating device and the cracking device through fluid pipelines respectively, the cracking device is connected with the oil-gas separation storage device through an oil-gas pipeline, and the heat collecting device comprises: heliostat, receiver 5, hot salt storage tank 8 and cold salt storage tank 37, heliostat is made up of support frame 1, waist joint 2, elbow joint 3 and reflecting plate 4;

The heat collecting device is connected with a heat collecting device control system, computer software of the heat collecting device control system obtains local longitude, latitude and time date according to GPS positioning and a DSP processor, calculates an incident angle lambda and a movement rule of sunlight, a servo motor A controls a waist joint 2 to do rotary movement around the axis of a support frame 1 according to the solar movement rule, a displacement sensor of the control system obtains a horizontal distance L and a vertical distance H between a reflecting plate 4 and a receiver 5, obtains an inclination angle alpha of the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction according to a geometric relation, a servo motor B controls an elbow joint 3 to do pitching movement, adjusts an included angle between the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction to the inclination angle alpha, enables the sunlight to be accurately reflected to the receiver 5 through the reflecting plate, heats heat transfer fluid in the receiver, and a stirring blade 6 stirs to enable the heat transfer fluid to be heated uniformly.

The temperature sensor 7 detects the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the heat collection device, and transmits the temperature to the automatic control system, and the automatic control system adjusts the connection state of the reversing valve 10 and the electric heating plate circuit according to the temperature of the heat transfer fluid; part of the high-temperature heat transfer fluid after temperature measurement enters a hot salt storage tank 8, the other part is directly sent to a reversing valve 10 by a hot salt circulating pump 9, and the outlet of the reversing valve 10 is respectively connected with a spiral heat exchange pipe 17 of a channel (2) entering a cracking furnace and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 14 of a spiral feeder of the channel (1);

An unloading valve 11 is connected in parallel to the feed preheating device and the cracking device.

The baffle 20 is arranged on the inner surface of the electric heating plate 19; the vibrating grate 29 is mounted on the pyrolysis furnace base 28;

when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is below 200 ℃, the reversing valve 10 is connected with the loop (1), and the heat transfer fluid enters the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 14 in the spiral feeder, so that the tire fragments are preheated in the low-speed feeding process;

the method comprises the steps of putting waste tires into a hopper 13 after cleaning broken magnetic separation steel wires, rotating a motor 12 at a low speed, stopping rotating the motor 12 when tire fragments enter a spiral feeder, fully preheating the tire fragments, re-rotating the motor 12, pushing the tire fragments to move upwards by a screw 16, and switching on an electric circuit of an electric heating plate 19 to provide heat for a cracking process;

when the tire fragments are discharged out of the screw feeder and accumulated on the right side of the pushing block 15 by a certain amount, the motor 12 stops rotating, the driving device pushes the pushing block 15 to push the tire fragments into the cracking furnace through the feeding door 18, the furnace wall at the feeding door 18 has a wedge angle of 2-3 degrees, after the feeding is completed, the high-pressure gas in the cracking furnace can close the feeding door 18, and the furnace wall wedge angle enables the tire fragments to be compressed; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 21 drives the tire fragments to rotate, the tire fragments are blocked by the baffle 20, the tire fragments are heated uniformly in the cracking furnace, and solid products generated by cracking are discharged out of the cracking furnace through gaps of the vibrating grate 29.

The discharge switch 30 is opened, the cracked solid product falls into the gravity winnowing machine 31 through the gap of the vibrating grate 29, and when the fan 33 continuously ventilates, lighter carbon black is packed from the upper channel and put into the movable trolley 32.

The oil gas generated by pyrolysis is discharged from an oil gas outlet 22, absorbed by a drain valve 23 and then enters an air preheater 24, and the air preheater 24 preheats inert gas introduced from the outside; the preheated oil gas enters a condensing tower 25 for oil-gas separation, the condensable oil product enters an oil storage tank 26, and the non-condensable gas enters an air storage tank 27; the preheated inert gas enters the cracking furnace to promote the discharge of oil gas.

The heat transfer fluid after the completion of the preheating and cracking process is pumped back into the receiver 5 by the cold salt circulating pump 34 through the check valve 35, the lost heat transfer fluid is replenished from the expansion tank 36, and the fluid of the heat transfer system overflows into the cold salt storage tank 37 through the expansion tank 36 at night or when weather conditions are bad.

Working condition II

The heat collector is connected with a heat collector control system, computer software of the heat collector control system obtains local longitude, latitude and time date according to GPS positioning and a DSP processor, calculates an incident angle lambda and a movement rule of sunlight, a servo motor A controls a waist joint 2 to rotate around an axis of a support frame 1 according to the solar movement rule, a displacement sensor of the heat collector control system obtains a horizontal distance L and a vertical distance H between a reflecting plate 4 and a receiver 5, obtains an inclination angle alpha of the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction according to a geometric relationship, a servo motor B controls the elbow joint 3 to perform pitching movement, adjusts an included angle between the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction to the inclination angle alpha, enables the sunlight to be accurately reflected onto the receiver 5 through the reflecting plate, heats heat transfer fluid in the receiver, and a stirring blade 6 stirs the heat transfer fluid to be heated uniformly.

The temperature sensor 7 detects the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the heat collection device, and transmits the temperature to the automatic control system, and the automatic control system adjusts the connection state of the reversing valve 10 and the electric heating plate circuit according to the temperature of the heat transfer fluid;

part of the high-temperature heat transfer fluid after temperature measurement enters the hot salt storage tank 8, the other part is directly sent to the reversing valve 10 by the hot salt circulating pump 9, and the outlet of the reversing valve 10 is respectively connected with the spiral heat exchange pipe 17 of the cracking furnace entering the passage (2) and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 14 of the spiral feeder entering the passage (1).

When the temperature of the heat transfer fluid reaches 200-450 ℃ and does not reach the cracking temperature, the reversing valve 10 is connected with the loop (2), the heat transfer fluid enters the spiral heat exchange tube 17 in the cracking furnace to be communicated, the heat transfer fluid provides part of heat for the pyrolysis process, and meanwhile, the electric circuit of the electric heating plate 19 is connected to provide heat for the pyrolysis process;

washing, crushing and magnetically separating the waste tires, then placing the waste tires in sunlight for solarization, putting the waste tires into a hopper 13 after the waste tires are sun-dried, driving a screw 16 to rotate at a low speed by a stepping motor, pushing tire fragments to advance by the screw 16, discharging the tire fragments from a screw feeder, and accumulating the tire fragments on the right side of a push block 15 by a certain amount, wherein the motor 12 stops rotating; the transmission device pushes the pushing block 15 to push the tire fragments into the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 21 of the cracking furnace through the feeding door 18, the furnace wall at the feeding door 18 has a wedge angle of 2-3 degrees, after the feeding is completed, the high-pressure gas in the cracking furnace can close the feeding door 18, and the furnace wall is tightly pressed by the wedge angle; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 21 drives the tire fragments to rotate, the tire fragments are blocked by the baffle 20, the tire fragments are heated uniformly in the cracking furnace, and solid products generated by cracking are discharged out of the cracking furnace through gaps of the vibrating grate 29.

Working condition three

The temperature sensor 7 detects the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the heat collecting device, and transmits the temperature to the automatic control system, which adjusts the connection state of the reversing valve 10 and the electric hot plate circuit according to the temperature of the heat transfer fluid. Part of the high-temperature heat transfer fluid after temperature measurement enters the hot salt storage tank 8, the other part is directly sent to the reversing valve 10 by the hot salt circulating pump 9, and the outlet of the reversing valve 10 is respectively connected with the spiral heat exchange pipe 17 of the cracking furnace entering the passage (2) and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 14 of the spiral feeder entering the passage (1).

When the heat transfer fluid reaches the temperature of more than 450 ℃ for tire cracking, the reversing valve is connected with the loop (2), the heat transfer fluid enters the spiral heat exchange tube 17 in the cracking furnace for passage, the heat transfer fluid provides heat for the pyrolysis process, and the electric circuit of the electric heating plate 19 is closed;

cleaning, crushing and magnetic separating steel wires of waste tires, then exposing the steel wires to sunlight, and after the steel wires are dried and put into a hopper 13, driving a screw 16 to rotate at medium speed by a stepping motor, pushing tire fragments to advance by the screw 16, stopping rotating by the motor 12 when the tire fragments are discharged out of a spiral feeder and accumulated on the right side of a pushing block 15 by a certain amount, pushing the tire fragments by a transmission device to push the pushing block 15 into a rotary spiral belt type stirrer 21 of a cracking furnace through a feeding door 18, wherein the furnace wall at the feeding door 18 has a wedge angle of 2-3 degrees, and after the feeding is finished, closing the feeding door 18 by high-pressure gas in the cracking furnace, and compacting the furnace wall wedge angle; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 21 drives the tire fragments to rotate, the tire fragments are blocked by the baffle 20, the tire fragments are heated uniformly in the cracking furnace, and solid products generated by cracking are discharged out of the cracking furnace through gaps of the vibrating grate 29.

As shown in the figure: as another preferred embodiment of the present invention:

working condition one:

an apparatus for preheating and cracking scrap tires based on solar energy, comprising: the device comprises a heat collecting device, a feeding preheating device, a cracking device, an oil-gas separation storage device, a solid product recovery device and an automatic control system;

the heat collecting device is connected with the feeding preheating device and the cracking device through fluid pipelines respectively, the cracking device is connected with the oil-gas separation storage device through an oil-gas pipeline, and the heat collecting device comprises: heliostat, second-stage mirror 7, receiver 6, hot salt storage tank 9 and cold salt storage tank 39, heliostat is made up of support frame 1, waist joint 2, elbow joint 3 and reflecting plate 4;

The heat collecting device is connected with a heat collecting device control system, computer software of the heat collecting device control system calculates an incident angle lambda and a motion rule of sunlight according to GPS positioning and longitude, latitude and time date obtained by a DSP processor, a servo motor A controls a waist joint 2 to rotate around an axis of a support frame 1 according to the motion rule of the sun, a displacement sensor of the control system obtains a horizontal distance L and a vertical distance H between a reflecting plate 4 and a receiver 6, an inclination angle alpha of the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction is obtained according to a geometric relation, a servo motor B controls an elbow joint 3 to perform pitching motion, an included angle between the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction is adjusted to the inclination angle alpha, so that part of sunlight is accurately reflected to the receiver 6 through the reflecting plate 4, the other part of sunlight is accurately reflected to the receiver 6 through the reflecting plate 4 and a secondary reflecting mirror 7 for two times, heat transfer fluid in the waist joint is heated, and a stirring blade 5 stirs the heat transfer fluid to be heated uniformly.

The temperature sensor 8 detects the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the heat collection device, and transmits the temperature to the automatic control system, and the automatic control system adjusts the connection state of the reversing valve 11 and the electric heating plate circuit according to the temperature of the heat transfer fluid; part of the high-temperature heat transfer fluid after temperature measurement enters a hot salt storage tank 9, the other part is directly sent to a reversing valve 11 by a hot salt circulating pump 10, and the outlet of the reversing valve 11 is respectively connected with a spiral heat exchange pipe 18 of a passage (2) entering a cracking furnace and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15 of a spiral feeder of a passage (1);

An unloading valve 12 is connected in parallel to the feed preheater and the cracker.

The baffle plate 21 is arranged on the inner surface of the electric heating plate 19; the vibrating grate 34 is mounted on the pyrolysis furnace base 35;

when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is below 200 ℃, the reversing valve 11 is connected with the loop (1), and the heat transfer fluid enters the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 15 in the spiral feeder, so that the tire fragments are preheated in the low-speed feeding process;

the method comprises the steps of putting waste tires into a hopper 14 after cleaning broken magnetic separation steel wires, rotating a motor 13 at a low speed, stopping rotating the motor 13 when tire fragments enter a spiral feeder, fully preheating the tire fragments, re-rotating the motor 13, pushing the tire fragments to move upwards by a screw 16, and switching on an electric circuit of an electric heating plate 19 to provide heat for a cracking process;

when the tire fragments are discharged out of the screw feeder and accumulated on the right side of the pushing block 17 for a certain amount, the motor 13 stops rotating, the driving device pushes the pushing block 17 to push the tire fragments into the cracking furnace through the feeding door 20, the furnace wall at the feeding door 20 has a wedge angle of 2-3 degrees, after the feeding is completed, the high-pressure gas in the cracking furnace can close the feeding door 20, and the furnace wall wedge angle enables the tire fragments to be compressed; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 22 drives the tire fragments to rotate, the tire fragments are blocked by the baffle plate 21, the tire fragments are heated uniformly in the cracking furnace, and solid products generated by cracking are discharged out of the cracking furnace through gaps of the vibrating grate 34.

When the discharge switch 33 is opened, the cracked solid product falls into the slag remover through the gap of the vibrating grate 34, dust and sand in the solid product are removed, the solid product is pushed into the gravity winnowing machine 31 by the push plate in the slag remover 32, and when the fan 29 continuously ventilates, lighter carbon black is packaged from the upper channel and put into the movable trolley 30.

The oil gas generated by pyrolysis is discharged from an oil gas outlet 23, absorbed by a drain valve 24 and then enters an air preheater 25, and the air preheater 25 preheats inert gas introduced from the outside; the preheated oil gas enters a condensing tower 26 for oil-gas separation, the condensable oil product enters an oil storage tank 27, and the non-condensable gas enters an air storage tank 28; the preheated inert gas enters the cracking furnace to promote the discharge of oil gas.

The heat transfer fluid after the completion of the preheating and cracking process is pumped back into the receiver 6 by the cold salt circulating pump 36 through the check valve 37, the lost heat transfer fluid is replenished from the expansion tank 38, and the fluid of the heat transfer system overflows into the cold salt storage tank 39 through the expansion tank 38 at night or when weather conditions are bad.

Working condition II

when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid reaches 200-450 ℃ and does not reach the cracking temperature, the reversing valve 11 is connected with the loop (2), the heat transfer fluid enters the spiral heat exchange tube 18 in the cracking furnace to be communicated, the heat transfer fluid provides part of heat for the pyrolysis process, and meanwhile, the electric circuit of the electric heating plate 19 is connected to provide heat for the pyrolysis process;

washing, crushing and magnetically separating the waste tires, then placing the waste tires in sunlight for solarization, putting the waste tires into a hopper 14 after the waste tires are dried, driving a screw 16 to rotate at a low speed by a stepping motor, pushing tire fragments to advance by the screw 16, discharging the tire fragments from a screw feeder, and accumulating the tire fragments on the right side of a push block 17 by a certain amount, wherein the motor 13 stops rotating; the transmission device pushes the pushing block 17 to push the tire fragments into the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 22 of the cracking furnace through the feeding door 20, the furnace wall at the feeding door 20 has a wedge angle of 2-3 degrees, after the feeding is completed, the high-pressure gas in the cracking furnace can close the feeding door 20, and the furnace wall is tightly pressed by the wedge angle; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 22 drives the tire fragments to rotate, the tire fragments are blocked by the baffle plate 21, the tire fragments are heated uniformly in the cracking furnace, and solid products generated by cracking are discharged out of the cracking furnace through gaps of the vibrating grate 34.

Working condition three

when the heat transfer fluid reaches the temperature of more than 450 ℃ for tire cracking, the reversing valve is connected with the loop (2), the heat transfer fluid enters the spiral heat exchange tube 18 in the cracking furnace for passage, the heat transfer fluid provides heat for the pyrolysis process, and the electric circuit of the electric heating plate 19 is closed;

cleaning, crushing and magnetic separating steel wires of waste tires, then exposing the steel wires to sunlight, putting the steel wires into a hopper 14 after the steel wires are dried, driving a screw 16 to rotate at medium speed by a stepping motor, pushing tire fragments to advance by the screw 16, stopping rotating by the motor 13 when the tire fragments are discharged out of a spiral feeder and accumulated on the right side of a pushing block 17 for a certain amount, pushing the tire fragments by a transmission device to push the pushing block 17 into a rotary spiral belt type stirrer 22 of a cracking furnace through a feeding door 20, closing the feeding door 20 by high-pressure gas in the cracking furnace after the feeding is completed, and compacting the furnace wall wedge angle; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer 22 drives the tire fragments to rotate, the tire fragments are blocked by the baffle plate 21, the tire fragments are heated uniformly in the cracking furnace, and solid products generated by cracking are discharged out of the cracking furnace through gaps of the vibrating grate 34.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and any modification or partial replacement without departing from the spirit of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Equipment based on solar energy preheats and schizolysis junked tire, its characterized in that: comprises a heat collecting device, a feeding preheating device, a cracking device, an oil-gas separation storage device, a solid product recovery device and an automatic control system;

the feeding preheating device comprises a hopper (13), a shell-and-tube heat exchanger (14), a spiral feeder and a pushing device, wherein the tube bundles of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (14) are parallel to the central axis of the screw rod and are uniformly distributed in the outer wall of the spiral feeder; the pushing device is positioned at the upper left of the spiral feeder and comprises a pushing block (15) and a transmission device, and the bottom edge of the pushing block (15) and the bottom edge of the feeding door (18) are positioned on the same horizontal line; the heat collection device comprises a heliostat, a receiver (5), a hot salt storage tank (8), an expansion tank (36) and a cold salt storage tank (37), wherein the heliostat consists of an automatic tracking device and a reflecting plate (4), the automatic tracking device comprises two servo motors, a servo motor A and a servo motor B, and the servo motors drive the left and right swing of a waist joint (2) and the pitching motion of an elbow joint (3);

tanβ＝H/L

α＝90-(β+λ)

the included angle alpha between the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction, namely the pitching angle between the reflecting plate 4 and the horizontal direction can be obtained; the receiver 5 is positioned at the focus of the heliostat, the interior of the receiver 5 is provided with stirring blades, one outlet is connected with a hot salt circulating pump after passing through the hot salt storage tank 8, the other outlet is directly connected with the hot salt circulating pump, and the hot salt storage tank 8 temporarily stores heat transfer fluid when the heat transfer fluid is excessive for later use; the expansion tank 36 supplements the lost heat transfer fluid in the system and vents the gas entering the heat transfer fluid when the reversing valve 10 is in the transition state; the cold salt storage tank 37 overflows the heat transfer fluid in the pipeline, the heat exchanger and the receiver 5 from the expansion tank 36 to the cold salt storage tank 37 for storage at night or in bad weather conditions, so as to prevent the heat transfer fluid from cooling and solidifying, and causing blockage and corrosion of the pipeline and the device;

The expansion tank (36) can replenish the lost heat transfer fluid in the system and vent the gas entering the heat transfer fluid when the reversing valve (10) is in the transition state; the cold salt storage tank (37) overflows the heat transfer fluid in the pipeline, the heat exchanger and the receiver (5) from the expansion tank (36) into the cold salt storage tank (37) for storage at night or in bad weather conditions; the cracking device comprises a feed door (18), a spiral heat exchange tube (17), an electric heating plate (19), a rotary spiral belt stirrer (21), a baffle plate (20), an oil gas outlet (22), a cracking furnace base (28) and a vibrating grate (29);

the feed gate (18) is positioned at the upper left part of the cracking furnace and connected with the cracking furnace through a hinge, and the feed inlet is inclined at 1-2 degrees with the horizontal direction; the spiral heat exchange tube (17) is positioned in the furnace wall of the cracking furnace, and the inlet and the outlet are respectively connected with the reversing valve (10) and the cold salt circulating pump (34);

the electric heating plate (19) is attached to the inner wall of the cracking furnace, and the inner surface of the electric heating plate is provided with a baffle plate (20) made of anti-corrosion materials; the rotary spiral belt type stirrer (21) is positioned at the center of the cracking furnace, the upper part of the stirrer is connected with the top of the cracking furnace through a bearing, and the lower part of the stirrer is supported by a cracking furnace base (28); the rotary spiral belt type stirrer (21) is matched with the baffle plate (20) for use, so that stirring is uniform and swirling does not occur; a vibrating grate (29) is arranged at the center of the cracking furnace base (28); the oil-gas separation storage device comprises a drain valve (23), an air preheater (24), a condensing tower (25), an air storage tank (27) and an oil storage tank (26), wherein the drain valve (23) can absorb water vapor in oil gas, the air preheater (24) preheats inert gas introduced from the outside, non-condensable gas entering the condensing tower (25) enters the air storage tank (27), and condensable oil products enter the oil storage tank (26); the solid product recovery device comprises a discharge switch (30), a gravity winnowing machine (31) and a movable trolley (32);

The discharging switch is opened after the cracking is completed, solid products generated by the cracking can be discharged through gaps of the vibrating grate (29), carbon black and steel wires enter a gravity winnowing machine (31) for separation, the steel wires directly enter a movable trolley (32), and the carbon black is packed and then is put into the movable trolley (32); the heat collection device control system comprises a heliostat controller, a temperature sensor (7), an electric plate relay, a reversing valve (10) and an unloading valve (11), wherein the heliostat controller comprises a GPS positioning system and a DSP processor;

the temperature sensor (7) is positioned at the outlet of the heat collecting device, the temperature sensor (7) outputs the temperature of the heat transfer fluid to the heat collecting device control system, the output signal of the heat collecting device control system controls the connection state of the reversing valve (10), and the outlet of the reversing valve (10) is connected with the spiral heat exchange tube (17) of the cracking furnace and the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (14) of the spiral feeder; the electric heating plate relay is positioned between the electric heating plate (19) and a circuit of the power supply and controls the opening and closing of the circuit;

the reversing valve (10) has three switching states, is normally closed, has a 3-5 second interval when the two paths are switched, the reversing valve (10) is in the closed state, the pressure in the pipeline is increased, and the unloading valve (11) is opened, so that heat transfer fluid in the pipeline is discharged through the circulating pump before switching; the inner wall of the cracking furnace base (28) is inclined at 2-3 degrees with the horizontal direction; the heat transfer fluid is nitrate, wherein the hot salt storage tank (8) and the cold salt storage tank (37) are both nitrate of the same kind;

The one-way valve (35) cuts off the pipeline when the heat transfer fluid is emptied at night or in bad weather conditions, so that the heat transfer fluid can only enter the expansion tank and then overflows into the cold salt storage tank (37) for storage; the solar heat collector is connected with a heat collector control system, computer software of the heat collector control system obtains local longitude, latitude and time date according to GPS positioning and a DSP processor, calculates an incident angle lambda and a movement rule of sunlight, a servo motor A controls a waist joint (2) to rotate around the axis of a support frame (1) according to the solar movement rule, a displacement sensor of the heat collector control system obtains a horizontal distance L and a vertical distance H between a reflecting plate (4) and a receiver (5), obtains an inclination angle alpha of the reflecting plate (4) and the horizontal direction according to a geometric relation, a servo motor B controls an elbow joint (3) to perform pitching movement, adjusts an included angle between the reflecting plate (4) and the horizontal direction to the inclination angle alpha, enables the sunlight to be accurately reflected to the receiver (5) through the reflecting plate, heats heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer fluid, and stirring blades (6) stir to enable the heat transfer fluid to be heated uniformly.