CN110105930B - Bentonite drilling fluid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bentonite drilling fluid and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110105930B CN110105930B CN201910330508.0A CN201910330508A CN110105930B CN 110105930 B CN110105930 B CN 110105930B CN 201910330508 A CN201910330508 A CN 201910330508A CN 110105930 B CN110105930 B CN 110105930B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
- C09K8/22—Synthetic organic compounds
- C09K8/24—Polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/514—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. polysaccharides, cellulose
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/12—Swell inhibition, i.e. using additives to drilling or well treatment fluids for inhibiting clay or shale swelling or disintegrating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/28—Friction or drag reducing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/34—Lubricant additives
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Abstract
The invention discloses bentonite drilling fluid and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of drilling exploitation. The technical key points are as follows: the bentonite drilling fluid comprises the following components in parts by weight: water: 100 parts of (A); bentonite: 8-10 parts; amine compounds: 2-6 parts; cellulose additive: 0.2-1 part; lubricant: 1-4 parts; and (3) synergistic auxiliary agent: 1-2 parts, the invention has the advantages of reduced filtration loss, strong wall protection capability and good plugging property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling exploitation, in particular to bentonite drilling fluid and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The drilling fluid is a general term for various circulating fluids which meet the requirements of drilling work by multiple functions in the drilling process. The drilling fluid can be divided into clear water, slurry, clay-phase-free flushing fluid, emulsion, foam, compressed air and the like according to the composition. The clean water is the earliest drilling fluid, does not need to be treated, is convenient to use and is suitable for regions with complete rock stratums and sufficient water sources. The mud is widely used drilling fluid and is mainly suitable for unstable rock formations of hole walls, such as loose rock formations, fracture development, easy collapse and block falling, water swelling and peeling, and the like.
The main raw material of the drilling fluid commonly used in the market at present is bentonite, and the conventional bentonite drilling fluid has serious defects in the aspects of slurry making rate, chemical stability, wall protection performance and the like, so that the problems of large-area exposed ribs, wall settlement and the like caused by water leakage of joints of underground continuous walls due to mud inclusion in the excavation process of deep foundation pits can often occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the bentonite drilling fluid which has the advantages of reduced filtration loss, strong wall protection capability and good plugging property by adding the amine compound and the cellulose additive.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the bentonite drilling fluid comprises the following components in parts by weight:
water: 100 parts of (A);
bentonite: 8-10 parts;
amine compounds: 2-6 parts;
cellulose additive: 0.2-1 part;
lubricant: 1-4 parts;
and (3) synergistic auxiliary agent: 1-2 parts.
By adopting the technical scheme, the amine compound plays a role of a strong inhibitor, so that the inhibition of the drilling fluid can be improved, and the inhibition of the drilling fluid on clay and drill cuttings can be greatly improved; the cellulose additive plays a role in reducing the fluid loss in the drilling fluid and has the advantages of wide sources and environmental friendliness; the lubricant plays a role in lubricating and plugging in the drilling fluid; the synergistic additive can improve the quality of the drilling fluid and the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of the drilling fluid.
More preferably, sodium bentonite is used as the bentonite.
By adopting the technical scheme, the slurrying performance and the dispersing performance of the bentonite with different salt groups are greatly different, the calcium-based bentonite cannot be directly used for preparing the drilling fluid, the hydration dispersibility is poor, the sodium-based bentonite is easily dispersed into a stable colloid system when meeting water, the hydration dispersion and the thermal stability are good, and the bentonite is suitable for being directly used as a slurrying material for the drilling fluid.
More preferably, the amine compound is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyethylene diamine and polyethylene glycol diamine.
By adopting the technical scheme, the amine compound improves the inhibitive performance of the drilling fluid, so that the drilling fluid has the characteristic of inhibiting formation slurrying; in addition, the amine compound adopts macromolecular polymer, which is inserted into the interlayer of the bentonite, so that the interlayer spacing of the bentonite is increased, the specific surface area of the bentonite is improved, the intercalation of other organic matters is facilitated, and the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of the bentonite are improved.
More preferably, the cellulose-based additive is hydroxymethyl cellulose and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hydroxymethyl cellulose and the hydroxyethyl cellulose play roles of a viscous suspension thickening agent and a stabilizing agent in the drilling fluid, and have better salt resistance, acid resistance, calcium resistance and high temperature resistance.
Further preferably, the lubricant is microemulsion WR-I.
By adopting the technical scheme, the microemulsion WR-I is developed and developed by taking Span-80 and Tween-80 composite surfactants as the basis and n-butyl alcohol as cosurfactant, the microemulsion WR-I can obviously improve the quality of mud cakes and has good plugging effect, the plugging rate is as high as 95 percent, and the microemulsion WR-I has a prominent effect on the stability of well walls; the microemulsion also has excellent lubricating effect, and can greatly reduce the frictional resistance between a drilling tool and a well wall and between the drilling tool and drill cuttings.
Preferably, the synergistic auxiliary comprises ammonium salt and magnesium salt in a weight part ratio of 1 (1.2-7), wherein the ammonium salt is octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and the magnesium salt is magnesium chloride.
By adopting the technical scheme, the quality of the drilling fluid can be obviously improved by adding the synergistic additive, wherein alkyl ammonium ions in the octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride enter between sheets of bentonite through ion exchange reaction, and the surface of the bentonite is covered by alkyl chains on organic ions, so that the bentonite becomes hydrophobic and lipophilic.
Further preferably, the raw material components also comprise 0.1-2 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol.
By adopting the technical scheme, the chain of the polyethylene glycol is inserted into the interlayer of the bentonite, so that the interlayer spacing of the bentonite is enlarged, the specific surface area of the bentonite is increased, and the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of the bentonite are improved.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the bentonite drilling fluid, and the bentonite drilling fluid prepared by the method has the advantages of reduced filtration loss, strong wall protection capability and good plugging property.
In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of bentonite drilling fluid comprises the following steps:
taking water in corresponding weight parts, adding bentonite, stirring for 0.5-0.75 h, and then maintaining to fully hydrate the bentonite to obtain base slurry;
and step two, sequentially adding the synergistic additive, the cellulose additive, the amine compound and the lubricant into the base slurry, and stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800-2000 rpm for 0.5-0.75 h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
More preferably, in the step one, the curing time is 12-24 hours.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bentonite can be fully dispersed and hydrated after being maintained for 12-24 hours.
Preferably, in the first step, the heating treatment is carried out in the stirring process, and the heating temperature is 45-60 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the temperature of water is increased by heating, and the dispersibility of the bentonite in the water is improved, namely the pulping rate of the bentonite is improved.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) by adding the amine compound, the amine compound is a macromolecular polymer and is inserted into the interlayer of the bentonite, the specific surface area of the bentonite is increased, the macromolecular chain is attached to the surface of the bentonite so as to improve the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of the bentonite, and in addition, the amine compound plays a role of a strong inhibitor, so that the inhibition of the drilling fluid can be improved, and the inhibition of the drilling fluid on clay and drill cuttings is greatly improved; the addition of the cellulose additive can thicken and stabilize the slurry, and has better salt resistance, acid resistance, calcium resistance and high temperature resistance, and the amine compound and the cellulose additive are beneficial to forming a colloidal solution with a reticular cross-linked structure so as to improve the performance of the drilling fluid, reduce the filtration loss of the drilling fluid and improve the stability of a well wall;
(2) by adding the microemulsion WR-I, the mud cake quality is improved, the mud cake has a good plugging effect and an excellent lubricating effect, and the frictional resistance between a drilling tool and a well wall and between the drilling tool and drill cuttings can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples. It is to be noted that those not indicated for specific conditions, carried out under the conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer, and those not indicated for the reagents or equipment, are conventional products which can be obtained by commercially purchasing them.
Example 1: the bentonite drilling fluid comprises the components and the corresponding parts by weight shown in the table 1, and is prepared by the following steps:
step one, adding sodium bentonite into water, stirring for 0.5h under the heating condition, wherein the heating temperature is 45 ℃, and then maintaining for 12h to obtain base slurry;
and step two, sequentially adding octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and the microemulsion WR-I into the base slurry, and stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
Examples 2 to 6: a bentonite drilling fluid, which differs from example 1 in that the components and their respective parts by weight are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Components and parts by weight of examples 1-6
Example 7: the preparation method of the bentonite drilling fluid is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that in the second step, 0.45 part of octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 0.55 part of magnesium chloride, 0.2 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 1 part of microemulsion WR-I are sequentially added into base slurry, and high-speed stirring and mixing are carried out at the rotating speed of 800rpm for 0.5h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
Example 8: the preparation method of the bentonite drilling fluid is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that in the second step, 0.45 part of octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 0.55 part of magnesium chloride, 0.1 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.1 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2 parts of polyacrylamide and 1 part of microemulsion WR-I are sequentially added into base slurry, and the bentonite drilling fluid is obtained by stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5 h.
Example 9: the preparation method of the bentonite drilling fluid is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that in the second step, 0.45 part of octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 0.55 part of magnesium chloride, 0.2 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 1 part of polyacrylamide, 1 part of polyethylene diamine and 1 part of microemulsion WR-I are sequentially added into base slurry, and the bentonite drilling fluid is obtained by stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5 h.
Example 10: the preparation method of the bentonite drilling fluid is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that in the second step, 0.45 part of octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 0.55 part of magnesium chloride, 0.2 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.3 part of polyacrylamide, 0.3 part of polyethylene diamine, 0.4 part of polyethylene glycol ethylene diamine and 1 part of microemulsion WR-I are sequentially added into base slurry, and the mixture is stirred and mixed at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
Example 11: the preparation method of the bentonite drilling fluid is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that in the second step, 0.45 part of octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, 0.55 part of magnesium chloride, 0.2 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose, 1 part of polyacrylamide, 1 part of microemulsion WR-I and 0.1 part of polyethylene glycol are added into base slurry in sequence, and the bentonite drilling fluid is obtained by stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5 h.
Comparative example 1: a method for preparing bentonite drilling fluid, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that,
step one, adding sodium bentonite into water, stirring for 0.5h under the heating condition, wherein the heating temperature is 45 ℃, and then maintaining for 12h to obtain base slurry;
and step two, sequentially adding hydroxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylamide and the microemulsion WR-I into the base slurry, and stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
Comparative example 2: a method for preparing bentonite drilling fluid, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that,
step one, adding sodium bentonite into water, stirring for 0.5h under the heating condition, wherein the heating temperature is 45 ℃, and then maintaining for 12h to obtain base slurry;
and step two, sequentially adding octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, polyacrylamide and the microemulsion WR-I into the base slurry, and stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
Comparative example 3: a method for preparing bentonite drilling fluid, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that,
step one, adding sodium bentonite into water, stirring for 0.5h under the heating condition, wherein the heating temperature is 45 ℃, and then maintaining for 12h to obtain base slurry;
and step two, sequentially adding octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, hydroxymethyl cellulose and the microemulsion WR-I into the base slurry, and stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
Comparative example 4: a method for preparing bentonite drilling fluid, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that,
step one, adding sodium bentonite into water, stirring for 0.5h under the heating condition, wherein the heating temperature is 45 ℃, and then maintaining for 12h to obtain base slurry;
and step two, sequentially adding octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, hydroxymethyl cellulose and polyacrylamide into the base slurry, and stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800rpm for 0.5h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
Performance testing
The bentonite drilling fluids prepared in examples 1-11 and comparative examples 1-4 were tested for rheological property, fluid loss and lubricating property according to SY/T5060-93 and related industrial standards. Wherein, the rheological property is measured by adopting an ZNN-D6 six-speed rotational viscometer; the filtration loss is measured by a filtration loss meter with a main body of a cylindrical drilling fluid cup with the inner diameter of 76.2mm and the height of 64mm, and the time interval is 30 min; the lubricating performance was measured using a FANN extreme pressure lubricator and an adhesion coefficient meter NF-2, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Wherein AP is apparent viscosity, PV is plastic viscosity, and API filtration loss is measured at normal temperature, and the table shows that the invention has the advantages of reduced filtration loss, strong wall protection capability and good plugging property.
Table 2 results of performance testing
| AP/ηa | PV/mpa.s | API fluid loss/mL | Coefficient of lubricity | |
| Example 1 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 0.086 |
| Example 2 | 3.3 | 3 | 4.2 | 0.083 |
| Example 3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 0.085 |
| Example 4 | 3.2 | 3 | 4 | 0.086 |
| Example 5 | 3 | 3.1 | 4.2 | 0.093 |
| Example 6 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 0.091 |
| Example 7 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 0.092 |
| Example 8 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 3.3 | 0.088 |
| Example 9 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 0.089 |
| Example 10 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 0.090 |
| Example 11 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 3 | 0.088 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 6 | 0.091 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 6.3 | 0.093 |
| Comparative example 3 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 5.8 | 0.093 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 5.6 | 0.199 |
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The bentonite drilling fluid is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
water: 100 parts of (A);
bentonite: 8-10 parts;
amine compounds: 2-6 parts;
cellulose additive: 0.2-1 part;
lubricant: 1-4 parts;
and (3) synergistic auxiliary agent: 1-2 parts;
the synergistic auxiliary comprises ammonium salt and magnesium salt with the weight part ratio of 1 (1.2-7), wherein the ammonium salt is octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, and the magnesium salt is magnesium chloride.
2. The bentonite drilling fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bentonite is sodium bentonite.
3. The bentonite drilling fluid according to claim 1, wherein the amine compound is one or more of polyacrylamide, polyethylene diamine and polyethylene glycol diamine.
4. The bentonite drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the cellulosic additive is hydroxymethyl cellulose and/or hydroxyethyl cellulose.
5. The bentonite drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the lubricant is microemulsion WR-I.
6. The bentonite drilling fluid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material components further comprise 0.1-2 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol.
7. A method of preparing the bentonite drilling fluid as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
taking water in corresponding weight parts, adding bentonite, stirring for 0.5-0.75 h, and then maintaining to fully hydrate the bentonite to obtain base slurry;
and step two, sequentially adding the synergistic additive, the cellulose additive, the amine compound and the lubricant into the base slurry, and stirring and mixing at a high speed of 800-2000 rpm for 0.5-0.75 h to obtain the bentonite drilling fluid.
8. The method for preparing the bentonite drilling fluid according to claim 7, wherein in the first step, the curing time is 12-24 h.
9. The preparation method of the bentonite drilling fluid as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the first step, the heating treatment is carried out in the stirring process, and the heating temperature is 45-60 ℃.
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