CN110105683B - Polystyrene foam material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Polystyrene foam material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110105683B
CN110105683B CN201910260186.7A CN201910260186A CN110105683B CN 110105683 B CN110105683 B CN 110105683B CN 201910260186 A CN201910260186 A CN 201910260186A CN 110105683 B CN110105683 B CN 110105683B
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polystyrene foam
polystyrene
foam material
perfluorohexanone
parts
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CN110105683A (en
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孔祥荣
史航
何晓燕
马国儒
张玉涛
路瑞娟
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Beijing Building Materials Inspection And Research Institute Co Ltd
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Beijing Building Materials Testing Academy Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a polystyrene foam material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the polystyrene foam material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90-105 parts of modified polystyrene, 2-7.5 parts of reinforcing agent, 0.5-10 parts of flame retardant, 0.5-5 parts of foaming agent, 0.1-1 part of stabilizer and 0.5-2 parts of perfluorohexanone. The invention can play the role of a foaming agent to a certain extent by adding the perfluorohexanone and utilizing the characteristic of easy vaporization of the perfluorohexanone, the perfluorohexanone can also improve the flame retardant property of the polystyrene foam material and reduce the addition of a flame retardant, the perfluorohexanone can be retained in closed bubbles of the molded polystyrene foam material, the heat preservation effect of the polystyrene foam material is improved, and the synergistic effect is obvious; the preparation method is simple and stable, the raw materials are easy to obtain and cheap, the cost is low, and the method has important popularization value; the prepared product has excellent density and mechanical property, excellent heat-insulating and flame-retardant property, obviously higher comprehensive property than similar products sold in the market and wide application.

Description

Polystyrene foam material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of building materials, and relates to a polystyrene foam material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The polystyrene foam material is a foam plastic which is developed by BASF company in Germany in the 50 th century and is used for realizing industrial production at first, and is rapidly developed due to excellent service performance, low cost, simple and feasible production and forming process equipment and capability of being made into products with various shapes and different densities. Even the first of the three foam plastics, polystyrene, polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride, which have the greatest production.
According to statistics, China has become the biggest producing country of polystyrene foaming materials all over the world, the total production and consumption of the polystyrene foaming materials are the first world, 2011, the total production of the polystyrene foaming materials in China breaks through 475 ten thousand tons and accounts for more than 75% of 600 ten thousand tons of the global market. Because of the excellent heat insulation performance of the polystyrene foam material, the polystyrene foam material is widely applied to external wall heat insulation materials, and the dosage of the polystyrene foam material is over 150 ten thousand meters3The polystyrene foam material accounts for more than 70% of energy-saving building materials, the annual demand of the polystyrene foam material is increased by 20%, and the market potential is huge.
CN104292492A discloses a preparation method of polystyrene foam board, comprising: (1) pre-foaming and curing the expandable polystyrene particles; (2) soaking the cured polystyrene particles in a flame retardant aqueous solution, fishing out and drying; (3) mixing the bonding resin and the flame-retardant inorganic material powder, and fully and uniformly stirring; (4) mixing the obtained materials, fully and uniformly stirring, adding a curing agent, and quickly and uniformly stirring; (5) transferring the material into a forming machine, heating with steam under 0.01-0.15MPa for 5-20s to obtain the final product. After foaming, the method uses specific flame retardant soaked particles, but the operation of the method is very troublesome; because the foaming particles have a density of only more than ten kilograms per cubic meter, the particles can float in the flame retardant due to low density and cannot be completely soaked, and the improvement of the flame retardant property is limited.
CN1047448858 discloses a resin composition, a graphite polystyrene board and a preparation method thereof, the components are complex, the preparation process is complicated, and the combustion performance grade of the graphite polystyrene board is improved due to the addition of thermosetting resin mixed liquid and curing agent, however, the whole board is acidic, and the board is easy to fall off due to the reaction with alkaline mortar, and the actual application effect is not good.
Therefore, the research and development of the polystyrene foam material with simple components, simple and controllable preparation process, excellent density and mechanical properties and excellent heat-insulating and flame-retardant properties is a key technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field and has important theoretical and practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a polystyrene foam material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at short plates and defects in the large-scale industrial process of the polystyrene foam material in the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a polystyrene foam material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002015059380000021
specifically, the vertical burning grade of the polystyrene foam material is UL94-V0 grade, the limited oxygen index is 26-41.2 percent, the bending strength is 0.10-0.75MPa, and the density is 0.012-0.050g/cm3The water absorption rate is 1-1.8%, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.022-0.039 w/m.k.
In the technical scheme, the addition amount of the perfluorohexanone is 0.0118-0.012 times of the modified polystyrene by weight ratio.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the preparation method of the modified polystyrene comprises the step of uniformly stirring and reacting the polystyrene with the nano silicon dioxide and the nano aluminum oxide at the temperature of 130-155 ℃ for 10-30min to obtain the modified polystyrene.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the added amounts of the nano silicon dioxide and the nano aluminum oxide are 0.008 to 0.013 times and 0.009 to 0.015 times of the polystyrene respectively by weight ratio.
Further, in the above technical solution, the reinforcing agent is one or more of talc powder, magnesium oxide, hydrotalcite and montmorillonite, preferably in a mass ratio of (1.2-1.5): 1 of a mixture of talc and montmorillonite.
Further, in the above technical solution, the flame retardant is one or more of trisodium phosphate, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate, diethyl ethylphosphate, microencapsulated red phosphorus powder, ammonium polyphosphate and melamine cyanurate salt.
Further, in the above technical solution, the blowing agent is one or more of tetrafluoroethane, cyclopentane, isopentane and neopentane, and preferably the blowing agent has a molar weight ratio of 1: (0.8-0.94) a mixture of cyclopentane and neopentane.
Further, in the above technical solution, the stabilizer is one or more of fumed silica, polyamide and bentonite.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the polystyrene foam material further includes 2-4.5 parts of polypropylene fiber.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the length of the polypropylene fiber is 1.3-1.6 cm.
Still further, in the above technical solution, the polystyrene foam material further includes 0.05 to 0.12 part of a lubricant, and the lubricant is a metal stearate.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the lubricant is mixed by mass ratio of 1: (0.48-0.56) a mixture of zinc stearate and aluminum stearate.
Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the polystyrene foam material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002015059380000031
Figure BDA0002015059380000041
specifically, the vertical burning grade of the polystyrene foam material is UL94-V0 grade, the limited oxygen index is 36.7-41.2 percent, the bending strength is 0.37-0.42MPa, and the density is 0.012-0.0135g/cm3The water absorption rate is 1-1.3%, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.032-0.035 w/m.k.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following steps:
the components are respectively weighed according to the proportion, the modified polystyrene, the reinforcing agent, the flame retardant and the stabilizer are firstly placed in a stirring barrel, after uniform stirring, the foaming agent and the perfluorohexanone are added, after uniform mixing, the mixture is placed in a foaming device with the temperature of 110-.
The invention further provides an application of the polystyrene foam material as a heat-preservation flame-retardant heat-insulation material.
The polystyrene foaming material can be increased or reduced according to corresponding proportion during production, for example, the weight can be increased or reduced by taking kilogram or ton as a unit in large-scale production and also taking gram as a unit in small-scale production, but the weight proportion of the raw materials among the components is unchanged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the polystyrene foam material provided by the invention has a synergistic effect by adding the perfluorohexanone, so that the polystyrene foam material can play a role of a foaming agent to a certain extent by utilizing the characteristic of easy vaporization, and the perfluorohexanone can improve the flame retardant property of the polystyrene foam material and reduce the addition of a flame retardant. In addition, after the polystyrene foam material is molded, the perfluorohexanone can be remained in closed bubbles of the polystyrene foam material and used as a phase change material to improve the heat insulation effect, so that the energy conservation and the consumption reduction are facilitated, and the synergistic effect is obvious;
(2) the preparation method of the polystyrene foam material provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, stable and reliable process, high efficiency, simplicity and convenience, low cost, simple and common equipment required by mass production and important popularization value, and the raw materials required by production are convenient, easily available and cheap in the market;
(3) the polystyrene foam material provided by the invention has the characteristics of excellent density and mechanical properties and excellent heat-insulating and flame-retardant properties, the vertical burning grade of the polystyrene foam material is UL94-V0 grade, the limited oxygen index is 34.7-41.2%, the bending strength is 0.33-0.42MPa, and the density is 0.012-0.015g/cm3The water absorption rate is 1-1.8%, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.032-0.038 w/m.k, the comprehensive performance is obviously higher than that of like products in the existing market, and the composite material can be widely applied to the fields of building materials and the like and has important practical significance.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the polystyrene foam and the method for preparing the same according to the present invention will be further described in more detail with reference to the following examples.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims.
Unless otherwise specified, experimental reagents and materials used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available, and unless otherwise specified, technical means used in the examples of the present invention are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
The preparation methods of the modified polystyrenes used in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples were as follows:
and uniformly stirring polystyrene, 0.0011 time of nano silicon dioxide and 0.00125 time of nano aluminum oxide by weight at the temperature of 130-.
The density, thermal conductivity, water absorption, flexural strength, oxygen index and high and low temperature dimensional stability of the foams in the following examples and comparative examples were determined in accordance with the national standards GB/T6343-.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000061
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the magnesium oxide, the ethyl diethyl phosphate and the fumed silica into a stirring barrel, stirring for 35min, adding the tetrafluoroethane and the perfluorohexanone, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 125 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The vertical burning rating is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 34.9 percent, the bending strength is 0.36MPa, and the density is 0.0142g/cm3The water absorption was 1.65% and the thermal conductivity was 0.0367 w/m.k.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000062
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the magnesium oxide, the ethyl diethyl phosphate and the fumed silica into a stirring barrel, stirring for 35min, adding the tetrafluoroethane and the perfluorohexanone, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 125 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The detection proves that the vertical burning grade is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 28.75 percent, the bending strength is 0.12MPa, and the density is 0.0448g/cm3The water absorption rate is 1.70 percent, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.0385 w/m.k.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000071
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the talcum powder, the montmorillonite, the trisodium phosphate, the bentonite, the polypropylene fiber, the zinc stearate and the aluminum stearate into a stirring barrel, stirring for 30min, adding the cyclopentane, the neopentane and the perfluorohexanone, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 120 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The detection shows that the vertical burning grade is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 40.8 percent, the bending strength is 0.415MPa, and the density is 0.0122g/cm3The water absorption was 1.05%, and the thermal conductivity was 0.0224w/m · k.
Example 4
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000081
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the magnesium oxide, the diethyl ethylphosphate and the fumed silica into a stirring barrel, stirring for 35min, adding the cyclopentane, the neopentane and the perfluorohexanone, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 125 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The detection shows that the vertical burning grade is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 34.9 percent, the bending strength is 0.36MPa, and the density is 0.0128g/cm3The water absorption was 1.65% and the thermal conductivity was 0.0362 w/m.k.
Example 5
S1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000082
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the talcum powder, the montmorillonite, the ethyl diethyl phosphate and the fumed silica into a stirring barrel, stirring for 35min, adding the tetrafluoroethane and the perfluorohexanone, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 125 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The vertical burning rating is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 34.9 percent, the bending strength is 0.735MPa, and the density is 0.0142g/cm3The water absorption was 1.64% and the thermal conductivity was 0.0362 w/m.k.
Example 6
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000091
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the magnesium oxide, the diethyl ethylphosphate and the fumed silica into a stirring barrel, stirring for 35min, adding the cyclopentane, the neopentane and the perfluorohexanone, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 125 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The detection proves that the vertical burning grade is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 34.9 percent, the bending strength is 0.40MPa, and the density is 0.0130g/cm3The water absorption was 1.64% and the thermal conductivity was 0.0358 w/m.k.
Comparative example 1
The invention provides a preparation method of a polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000101
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the talcum powder, the montmorillonite, the trisodium phosphate, the bentonite, the polypropylene fiber, the zinc stearate and the aluminum stearate into a stirring barrel, stirring for 30min, adding the cyclopentane and the neopentane, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 120 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The test shows that the vertical burning rating is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 30.8 percent, the bending strength is 0.416MPa, and the density is 0.0175g/cm3The water absorption was 1.08%, and the thermal conductivity was 0.0396 w/m.k.
Comparative example 2
The invention provides a preparation method of a polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000102
Figure BDA0002015059380000111
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the talcum powder, the montmorillonite, the trisodium phosphate, the bentonite, the polypropylene fiber, the zinc stearate and the aluminum stearate into a stirring barrel, stirring for 30min, adding the cyclopentane and the neopentane, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 120 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The detection proves that the vertical burning grade is UL94-V0 grade, and the limiting oxygen index is 33.2Percent, bending strength of 0.417MPa and density of 0.0165g/cm3The water absorption rate is 1.08%, and the thermal conductivity is 0.0388 w/m.k.
Comparative example 3
The invention provides a preparation method of a polystyrene foam material, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002015059380000112
s2, placing the modified polystyrene, the magnesium oxide, the diethyl ethylphosphate and the fumed silica into a stirring barrel, stirring for 35min, adding the cyclopentane, the neopentane and the perfluorohexanone, uniformly mixing, placing into a foaming device with the temperature of 125 ℃ and the pressure of 0.35MPa for foaming, and then producing the polystyrene foaming material by a molding method or an extrusion molding method.
The detection proves that the vertical burning grade is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 30.8 percent, the bending strength is 0.36MPa, and the density is 0.0155g/cm3The water absorption was 1.65% and the thermal conductivity was 0.0392 w/m.k.
Comparing and analyzing the results of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-3, it can be seen that, in the examples of the present invention, by adding perfluorohexanone, the perfluorohexanone and the modified polystyrene, the reinforcing agent, the flame retardant, the foaming agent and the stabilizer have synergistic effects, so that on one hand, the perfluorohexanone can play a role of the foaming agent to a certain extent by utilizing the characteristic of easy vaporization, and on the other hand, the perfluorohexanone can also improve the flame retardant property of the polystyrene foam material and reduce the addition of the flame retardant; in addition, after the polystyrene foam material is molded, the perfluorohexanone can be remained in closed bubbles of the polystyrene foam material and used as a phase change material to improve the heat insulation effect, so that the energy conservation and consumption reduction of the polystyrene foam material are facilitated, and the synergistic effect is obvious.
The method for preparing the polystyrene foam material has the advantages of simple process, stable and reliable process, high efficiency, simplicity, convenience, low cost and equipment required by mass production, and the raw materials required by production are all convenient, easily available and cheap raw materials in the marketThe method is simple and common, and has important popularization value; the prepared polystyrene foaming material has the characteristics of excellent density and mechanical property and excellent heat-insulating and flame-retardant properties, the vertical burning grade of the polystyrene foaming material is UL94-V0 grade, the limited oxygen index is 26-41.2 percent, the bending strength is 0.10-0.75MPa, and the density is 0.012-0.050g/cm3The water absorption rate is 1-1.8%, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.022-0.039 w/m.k, the comprehensive performance is obviously higher than that of like products in the existing market, and the composite material can be widely applied to the fields of building materials and the like and has important practical significance.
Finally, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The polystyrene foam material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0003108181390000011
the addition of the perfluorohexanone is 0.0118-0.012 times of the modified polystyrene in weight ratio;
the preparation method of the modified polystyrene comprises the steps of uniformly stirring and reacting the polystyrene, nano silicon dioxide and nano aluminum oxide at the temperature of 130-155 ℃ for 10-30min to obtain the modified polystyrene;
the reinforcing agent is one or more of talcum powder, magnesium oxide, hydrotalcite and montmorillonite;
the flame retardant is one or more of trisodium phosphate, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate, diethyl ethylphosphate, microencapsulated red phosphorus powder, ammonium polyphosphate and melamine cyanurate salt;
the foaming agent is one or more of tetrafluoroethane, cyclopentane, isopentane and neopentane;
the stabilizer is one or more of fumed silica, polyamide and bentonite;
the lubricant is a metal stearate.
2. The polystyrene foam material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reinforcing agent is a mixture of (1.2-1.5) by weight: 1 of a mixture of talc and montmorillonite.
3. The polystyrene foam according to claim 1, wherein the nano silica and the nano alumina are added in amounts of 0.008 to 0.013 times and 0.009 to 0.015 times by weight, respectively, as compared with the polystyrene.
4. The polystyrene foam of claim 1, wherein the blowing agent is a mixture of a blowing agent and a blowing agent in a molar weight ratio of 1: (0.8-0.94) a mixture of cyclopentane and neopentane.
5. The polystyrene foam of claim 1, wherein the polypropylene fibers have a length of 1.3-1.6 cm.
6. The polystyrene foam according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant is a mixture of 1: (0.48-0.56) a mixture of zinc stearate and aluminum stearate.
7. The polystyrene foam according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following components in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0003108181390000021
and the vertical burning grade is UL94-V0 grade, the limiting oxygen index is 34.7-41.2%, the bending strength is 0.33-0.42MPa, and the density is 0.012-0.015g/cm3The water absorption rate is 1-1.8%, and the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.032-0.038 w/m.k.
8. A method for preparing a polystyrene foam as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
the components are respectively weighed according to the proportion, the modified polystyrene, the reinforcing agent, the flame retardant and the stabilizer are firstly placed in a stirring barrel, after uniform stirring, the foaming agent and the perfluorohexanone are added, after uniform mixing, the mixture is placed in a foaming device with the temperature of 110-.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising, prior to adding the blowing agent and the perfluorohexanone, weighing the polypropylene fiber and the lubricant in proportion, adding and mixing to homogeneity.
10. Use of the polystyrene foam according to any one of claims 1 to 7 as a thermal insulation material.
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CN102992986A (en) * 2012-09-29 2013-03-27 中国人民武装警察部队学院 Preparation method of perfluorethyl isopropyl ketone
CN106880920A (en) * 2017-02-15 2017-06-23 陈闽玲 The special extinguishing chemical of petrochemical industry class fire
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