CN110095865A - A kind of uniform irradiation design method of LED structure light source - Google Patents
A kind of uniform irradiation design method of LED structure light source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of machine vision, a kind of uniform irradiation design method of light emitting diode (LED) structure light source is concretely related to, and the LED array in the light source design method is not necessarily all in the same plane.A kind of uniform irradiation design method of LED structure light source, including the luminance equation and irradiation level angle equation at any specified point in single led irradiation model and the model visual field；The brightness superimposed characteristics of the irradiation model of multiple light of same color LED and multiple light of same color LED at any specified point；The uniformity illuminated design model of LED structure light source and a kind of uniform irradiation design method of LED annular array structure light source.And the design method can be further broken into two submethods, with design processes simplified, reduce design difficulty.The light source design method can be widely applied to the design process of structure light source, have wide prospects for commercial application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machine vision, concretely relate to a kind of uniform irradiation design side of LED structure light source
Method.
Background technique
Due to the restriction of image procossing cost, the picture quality of acquisition will affect the design of detection algorithm, also will affect view
Feel the accuracy and reliability of detection system, therefore, obtain high quality image become one of vision detection system it is important
Component part.It in Active visual inspection system, is designed by accurate illumination structure, can accurately separate tested altimetric image
In target information and background information.In general, different testees needs different light sources to illuminate, more clearly to protrude
Target information and background information.Therefore, because the diversity of testee, the illuminated design method of light source is also different.It is single
Mesh vision detection system generallys use the object that structure light source carrys out detection of complex, especially small object, such as printed circuit
The tin cream quality of plate (PCB), the installation quality of electronic component, quality of welding spot of PCB etc..In the detection of such testee
Cheng Zhong, it will usually use special light-source structure, target information is mapped in color image as much as possible, according to requiring to dash forward
Aobvious target information and background information, to be more advantageous to subsequent image procossing.
LED array structure light source due to its fast response time, the service life is long, at low cost, brightness is adjustable, structure is configurable, easily
Many advantages, such as heat dissipation, is widely used in automatic optical detecting system (AOIs).Due to the type of testee
Various, LED array light source is designed to various unique textures, such as circle, annular, rectangle, linear, planar shaped.
In addition, in order to obtain ideal illuminating effect, it usually needs unique light-source structure that design is made of LED array, this illustrates LED
Performance to determine light-source structure play a crucial role.On the one hand, although many documents have carried out greatly the performance of LED
Quantifier elimination.But LED array structure light source how is designed and optimizes, this but rarely has in the literature refers to.On the other hand, by
Not in the same plane in LED array, the relationship between the irradiation level model and light-source structure of LED carries out confirmation and parameter
Change.Moreover, importantly, the structure light source being made of LED array is widely used in AOI.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims to LED array structure light sources to have higher-quality brightness and light intensity uniformity, thus
It is more advantageous to the irregular circular target of detection and small size target, the detection performance of vision system is promoted, proposes a kind of LED
The uniform irradiation design method of structure light source.
In order to achieve the above purpose, it adopts the following technical scheme that.
A kind of uniform irradiation design method based on LED structure light source described in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
S1 provides single led irradiation model；
S2 provides brightness superimposed characteristics of multiple light of same color LED at any specified point；
S3 is designed a model based on the uniform irradiation of the LED annular array structure light source, proposes a kind of LED annular array
The uniform irradiation design method of structure light source.
Step S1 include: corresponding single led irradiation model is obtained according to the experimental result of single led irradiation, and
It in conjunction with known parameters, can find out under single led irradiation, the brightness I of any one tested measuring point P (x, y) in visual fieldp(x,y)
With irradiation level angle θp。
Step S1 is specifically included:
Coordinate system O-X-Y is established, point O (0,0) is coordinate origin, and X-axis is along horizontal line direction；
In the two-dimensional coordinate system of O-X-Y, LED installation site is located at outside plane XOY, and right above origin.H is
LED illumination is to the vertical range of plane XOY, and in the radius of the plane XOY circular light spot formed when r is LED illumination, P point is light
Arbitrary point in spot, coordinate are P (x, y), define irradiation level angle
According to the central ray of LED light spot, coordination system is set, under single led irradiation, any one tested measuring point P
The luminance equation of (x, y) are as follows:
The irradiation level angle of tested measuring point P (x, y) are as follows:
In formula, ICFor center brightness value, h tan θpIt is tested measuring point P (x, y) at a distance from spot center, α (h) is in
The attenuation rate in mandrel direction, β (h tan θp) be along radial direction attenuation rate,For the decaying letter of distance
Number.
Step S2 include: based on mentioned-above single led irradiation model, using two light of same color LED as example into
Row experiment, and using the image information got, corresponding irradiation model is established, multiple light of same color LED can be finally acquired
Brightness superimposed characteristics when any specified point are irradiated at the same time.
Step S2 is specifically included: obtaining two images in same visual field, this two images is respectively by two different locations
Light of same color LED gained is irradiated to same specified point, and they have the same distance that deviates with field of view center；This
Outside, piece image is obtained again in the visual field, which is irradiated simultaneously by the light of same color LED of mentioned-above two different locations
Obtained by aforementioned specified point.
The brightness of any specified point is assessed by the gray value of the point in visual field, and in image obtained, all gray scales
Value is adjusted in [0-255] range, and gray value 100 is equal to every pixel region 0.74uw.
Transformational relation according to obtained irradiation result and its gray distribution model, and based on brightness and gray value, it is right
The experimental data of acquisition carries out after specifically handling, and is fitted by using least square method, can acquire the bright of two light of same color LED
Spend superimposed characteristics equation are as follows:
Z=ax+by (3)
In formula, a, b are respectively the superposition coefficient of LED light source, and x, y are respectively the homochromy of mentioned-above two different locations
Light LED individually irradiates corresponding gray value when same specified point, and z is that the light of same color LED of mentioned-above two different locations is same
When irradiate corresponding gray value when aforementioned specified point.
Similarly, when more than two light of same color LED irradiate simultaneously, brightness superimposed characteristics can be counted according to equation (3)
It calculates.
Step S3 includes: to establish the irradiation model of LED annular array according to given condition.By means of the model, will shine
Bright design problem is converted into optimization design equation, to ensure that structure light source can obtain maximum light intensity uniformity.And further
Layered design method is converted by this method, i.e., the uniform irradiation uniform irradiation of structure light source is related into design method and is decomposed into two
Submethod: first is that the illuminated design method of single layer LED annular array of light sources, second is that the irradiation of multilayer LED annular array of light sources is set
Meter method.
The least radius for defining field of detection is rv, the minimum irradiation distance of light source distance platform surface XOY is hL, LED ring
The shape array number of plies is respectively 0,1 ... n, the radius and incidence angle of LED annular array corresponding with the number of plies are respectively riAnd αi, i
=0,1 ... n.On axial cross section, the bus of LED structure light source annular array and the angle of view plane areAnd (n-1)th layer
The distance between LED array and n-th layer LED array are di, i=0,1 ... n.Can then Lighting Design problem be converted to as follows
Optimization design equation:
Wherein:
IP(x,y)∈[255c-t,255c+t] (7)
In formula, IP(x,y)For the light intensity of arbitrary point P (x, y), andIP(x,y)Range be with
[c1,c2] corresponding [255c-t, 255c+t], c is the proportionality coefficient of light intensity and gray value, and 2t is corresponding gray value c2-
c1。θP(i,j)For the incidence angle with point P (x, y) under irradiation of j-th of LED in i-th layer of ring-shaped LED array, i=0,1 ... n, j
=0,1 ... mi, and
In addition, βiFor the angle in light source in i-th layer of ring-shaped LED array between two adjacent LEDs, riFor i-th layer in light source
The radius of LED annular array.Then angleIt may be defined as:
h0-hn≥hL (10)
In formula, h0The 0th layer for LED array in light source is arrived the vertical range of platform, z0And znRespectively the 0th layer and n-th layer
The z-axis value of LED array.
Based on the uniform irradiation design method of above-mentioned LED structure light source, for single layer LED annular array of light sources therein
Design, the especially design of top layer LED annular array can pass through the detection height h of determining ring structure light sourceiWith radius ri
Technological parameter, to simplify design equation (4)-(10).And according to the light intensity requirement of visual field, angle beta is determinediAnd αi, to complete
The design of single layer LED annular array of light sources.
In the design basis of single layer LED annular array of light sources, according to specific design process, to multilayer LED circular array
Column light source is matched, to complete the design of multilayer LED annular array of light sources.
Compared with existing research achievement, the present invention is based on single led irradiation models and multiple light of same color LED to shine simultaneously
Brightness superimposed characteristics when any specified point are penetrated, a kind of uniform irradiation design method of LED structure light source is proposed.The present invention is hard
Part is at low cost, structure is configurable, easy to use, can meet within sweep of the eye brightness and uniformity requirement in sharp, be promoted
The detection performance of vision system has wide prospects for commercial application.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is single led irradiation model schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the irradiation model schematic diagram of LED array of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the irradiation model schematic diagram of single layer LED annular array of light sources of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the design process schematic diagram of multilayer LED annular array of light sources of the invention；
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention is when establishing single led irradiation model, using the red LED that Nichia company produces as example.Experiment
The result shows that the circular light spot shown after irradiation, brightness highest point is located at the center of hot spot, and brightness gradually subtracts along radial direction
It is small.Based on testing by this, single led irradiation model is established.
For the ease of illustrating the foundation in the present invention about single led irradiation model, necessary theory is carried out below with reference to Fig. 1
It is bright.
As shown in Figure 1, establishing coordinate system O-X-Y, point O (0,0) is coordinate origin, and X-axis is along horizontal line direction；
As shown in Figure 1, LED installation site is located at outside plane XOY in the two-dimensional coordinate system of O-X-Y, and origin just on
At side.H be LED illumination arrive plane XOY vertical range, r be LED illumination when plane XOY formation circular light spot radius,
P point is arbitrary point in hot spot, and coordinate is P (x, y), defines irradiation level angle
As shown in Figure 1, in hot spot any point P brightness by LED vertical irradiation distance h and point P and spot center away from
From decision.If coordination system is arranged according to the central ray of LED light spot, under single led irradiation, any one tested measuring point
The luminance equation of P (x, y) may be expressed as:
As shown in Figure 1, the irradiation level angle of tested measuring point P (x, y) are as follows:
In formula, ICFor center brightness value, h tan θpIt is tested measuring point P (x, y) at a distance from spot center, α (h) is in
The attenuation rate in mandrel direction, β (h tan θp) be along radial direction attenuation rate,For the decaying letter of distance
Number.
Brightness superimposed characteristics when irradiating simultaneously in view of multiple light of same color LED and light characteristic when single led irradiation are not
Together, therefore, in order to make LED annular array of light sources have more preferably illuminating effect, it is necessary to further determine that multiple light of same color LED are same
When brightness superimposed characteristics when irradiating.And the acquisition of brightness superimposed characteristics when being irradiated simultaneously for multiple light of same color LED, it can be with
Based on brightness superimposed characteristics when being irradiated simultaneously by two light of same color LED, it can finally acquire multiple light of same color LED while irradiate
When brightness superimposed characteristics.
It,, can be in the hope of more on the basis of single led irradiation model by taking two light of same color LED as an example according to noted earlier
Brightness superimposed characteristics when a light of same color LED irradiates simultaneously, specific as follows:
Two images are obtained in same visual field, this two images is respectively by the light of same color LED of two different locations to same
One specified point is irradiated gained, and they have the same distance deviated with field of view center；In addition, being obtained again in the visual field
Piece image is taken, which is irradiated obtained by aforementioned specified point simultaneously by the light of same color LED of mentioned-above two different locations.
For the ease of handling experimental data, the brightness of any specified point is assessed by the gray value of the point in visual field.Pass through tune
Whole camera aperture, to guarantee in image obtained, all gray values are adjusted in [0-255] range.Herein, gray scale
Value 100 is equal to every pixel region 0.74uw.
Transformational relation according to obtained irradiation result and its gray distribution model, and based on brightness and gray value, it is right
The experimental data of acquisition carries out after specifically handling, available relevant gray value data.From treated, related data can
To obtain as drawn a conclusion: as two light of same color LED while when irradiating any specified point, the gray value on the specified point is all not equal to
Two light of same color LED above-mentioned individually irradiate the sum of the gray value generated when this, this illustrates brightness and does not meet directly
Law of addition.Based on the conclusion, gray value data is further utilized, after using least square method fitting, two can be acquired together
The brightness superimposed characteristics equation of coloured light LED are as follows:
Z=ax+by (3)
In formula, a, b are respectively the superposition coefficient of LED light source, and x, y are respectively the homochromy of mentioned-above two different locations
Light LED individually irradiates corresponding gray value when same specified point, and z is that the light of same color LED of mentioned-above two different locations is same
When irradiate corresponding gray value when aforementioned specified point.
For the fitting gray value calculated according to equation (3) compared with testing acquired results, gray value error is allowing model
Within enclosing.Therefore, when more than two light of same color LED irradiate simultaneously, brightness superimposed characteristics can be calculated according to equation (3).
The uniformity illumination of vision light source can largely promote the inspection performance of vision system, therefore, below
The design method of monochromatic LED annular array structure light source will be described according to specific engineer application parameter.Wherein, with
The light intensity that gray value measures is limited in [c1,c2] in range.Once c1And c2It is closer, then mean the light intensity in visual field
It is more uniform.
As shown in Fig. 2, the least radius for defining field of detection is rv, the minimum irradiation of light source distance platform surface XOY away from
From for hL, the LED annular array number of plies is respectively 0,1 ... n, the radius and incidence angle of LED annular array corresponding with the number of plies
Respectively riAnd αi, i=0,1 ... n.On axial cross section, the bus of LED structure light source annular array and the angle of view plane
ForAnd the distance between (n-1)th layer of LED array and n-th layer LED array are di, i=0,1 ... n.Lighting Design can then be asked
Topic is converted into optimization design equation.Meanwhile to ensure visual fieldInterior light intensity is limited in [c1,c2] range
It is interior, and maximum light intensity uniformity is obtained, it needs to n, ri、αiAnd diThese basic parameters are confirmed.Optimization design equation is such as
Under:
Wherein:
IP(x,y)∈[255c-t,255c+t] (7)
In formula, IP(x,y)For the light intensity of arbitrary point P (x, y), andIP(x,y)Range be with
[c1,c2] corresponding [255c-t, 255c+t], c is the proportionality coefficient of light intensity and gray value, and 2t is corresponding gray value c2-
c1。θP(i,j)For the incidence angle with point P (x, y) under irradiation of j-th of LED in i-th layer of ring-shaped LED array, i=0,1 ... n, j
=0,1 ... mi, and
As shown in figure 3, βiFor the angle in light source in i-th layer of ring-shaped LED array between two adjacent LEDs, riFor in light source
The radius of i-th layer of LED annular array.Then angleIt may be defined as:
h0-hn≥hL (10)
In formula, h0The 0th layer for LED array in light source is arrived the vertical range of platform, z0And znRespectively the 0th layer and n-th layer
The z-axis value of LED array.
Computationally intensive and time-consuming through design equation (4)-(10) it is found that in calculating process, this depends on visual field
Size.Therefore, for design processes simplified, difficulty in computation is reduced, which can be decomposed into two submethods: first is that
The illuminated design method of single layer LED annular array of light sources, second is that the illuminated design method of multilayer LED annular array of light sources.To make
This method is more clear clear, will be described below to the two submethods.
It is the illuminated design method of single layer LED annular array of light sources first:
Based on the uniform irradiation design method of LED structure light source noted earlier, for single layer LED annular array light therein
The design in source, the especially design of top layer LED annular array can pass through the detection height h of determining ring structure light sourceiWith half
Diameter riTechnological parameter, to simplify design equation (4)-(10).And according to the light intensity requirement of visual field, angle beta is determinediAnd αi, thus
Complete the design of single layer LED annular array of light sources.
The followed by illuminated design method of multilayer LED annular array of light sources:
In the design basis of single layer LED annular array of light sources, according to the design process of Fig. 4, to multilayer LED annular array
Light source is matched, to complete the design of multilayer LED annular array of light sources.
As shown in figure 4, This
A little parameters are influenced by every layer of LED light superposition.Design process can be by successively switching every layer of LED light control, and passes through survey
The intensity of illumination in visual field is measured to determine kiValue.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of uniform irradiation design method of LED structure light source, which comprises the following steps:
S1 establishes coordinate system O-X-Y, and 0 (0,0) of point is coordinate origin, and X-axis is along horizontal line direction；
In the two-dimensional coordinate system of O-X-Y, LED installation site is located at outside plane XOY, and right above origin, and h is LED photograph
It is mapped to the vertical range of plane XOY, in the radius of the plane XOY circular light spot formed when r is LED illumination, P point is to appoint in hot spot
Meaning point, coordinate are P (x, y), define irradiation level angle
According to the central ray of LED light spot, coordination system is set, under single led irradiation, any one tested measuring point P (x,
Y) luminance equation are as follows:
The irradiation level angle of tested measuring point P (x, y) are as follows:
In formula, ICFor center brightness value, h tan θpIt is tested measuring point P (x, y) at a distance from spot center, α (h) is along center
The attenuation rate of axis direction, β (h tan θp) be along radial direction attenuation rate,For the attenuation function of distance；
S2 is based on the basis of single led irradiation model, gives brightness superposition of multiple light of same color LED at any specified point
Characteristic；
Two images are obtained in same visual field, this two images is respectively by the light of same color LED of two different locations to same finger
Fixed point is irradiated gained, and has the same distance deviated with field of view center；In addition, obtaining a width figure again in the visual field
Picture, the image are irradiated obtained by aforementioned specified point simultaneously by the light of same color LED of described two different locations；
The brightness of any specified point is assessed by the gray value of the point in visual field, and all gray values of obtained image are adjusted
Into [0-255] range, gray value 100 is equal to every pixel region 0.74uw；
Transformational relation according to obtained irradiation result and its gray distribution model, and based on brightness and gray value, to acquisition
Experimental data carry out specifically handle after, be fitted by using least square method, can acquire two coloured light LED brightness superposition
Characteristic equation are as follows:
Z=ax+by (3)
In formula, a, b are respectively the superposition coefficient of LED light source, and x, y are respectively the light of same color of mentioned-above two different locations
LED individually irradiates corresponding gray value when same specified point, z be the light of same color LED of mentioned-above two different locations simultaneously
Irradiate corresponding gray value when aforementioned specified point；
When more than two light of same color LED irradiate simultaneously, brightness superimposed characteristics are calculated according to equation (3)；
Design method of the S3 based on LED annular array structure light source establishes the uniform irradiation design of LED annular array structure light source
Model, and on the basis of the uniform irradiation designs a model, the uniform irradiation design method of structure light source is decomposed into two
Submethod.
2. the uniform irradiation design method of LED structure light source according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step S3 includes: root
According to given condition, the irradiation model of LED annular array is given, by the irradiation model of the LED annular array, will be illuminated
Design problem is converted into optimization design equation, to guarantee to obtain maximum light intensity uniformity, and further turns this method
Turn to layered design method, described two submethods are as follows: first is that the illuminated design method of single layer LED annular array of light sources, second is that
The illuminated design method of multilayer LED annular array of light sources.
3. the uniform irradiation design method of LED structure light source according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step S3 includes: fixed
The least radius of adopted field of detection is rv, the minimum irradiation distance of light source distance platform surface XOY is hL, the LED annular array number of plies
Respectively 0,1 ... n, the radius and incidence angle of LED annular array corresponding with the number of plies are respectively riAnd αi, i=0,1 ...
N, on axial cross section, the bus of LED structure light source annular array and the angle of view plane areAnd (n-1)th layer of LED array with
The distance between n-th layer LED array is di, Lighting Design problem converts following optimization design equation by i=0,1 ... n:
Wherein:
IP(x, y)∈ [255c-t, 255c+t] (7)
In formula, IP (x, y)For the light intensity of arbitrary point P (x, y), andIP (x, y)Range be and [c1,
c2] corresponding [255c--t, 255c+t], c is the proportionality coefficient of light intensity and gray value, and 2t is corresponding gray value c2-c1,
θP (i, j)For the incidence angle with point P (x, y) under irradiation of j-th of LED in i-th layer of ring-shaped LED array, i=0,1 ... n, j=0,
1……mi, andβiFor the angle in light source in i-th layer of ring-shaped LED array between two adjacent LEDs, riFor light source
In i-th layer of LED annular array radius, angleIs defined as:
h0-hn≥hL (10)
In formula, h0The 0th layer for LED array in light source is arrived the vertical range of platform, z0And znRespectively the 0th layer and n-th layer LED
The z-axis value of array,
By the uniform irradiation design method of above-mentioned LED structure light source, for setting for single layer LED annular array of light sources therein
Meter, by the detection height h for determining ring structure light sourceiWith radius riTechnological parameter, to simplify design equation (4)-(10),
And according to the light intensity requirement of visual field, angle beta is determinediAnd αi, to complete the design of single layer LED annular array of light sources；
In the design basis of single layer LED annular array of light sources, multilayer LED annular array of light sources is matched, to complete
The design of multilayer LED annular array of light sources.
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| CN112798104A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-14 | 杨凌锐展美农智能装备有限公司 | Method for obtaining uniform illumination field on illumination surface of agricultural product by using universal illumination light source |
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