CN110095562B - Gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with blowing function and combustion test device - Google Patents
Gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with blowing function and combustion test device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with a purging function, which mainly comprises a hearth and a top cover, wherein the hearth consists of a feldspar quartz tube and a short quartz tube, and the short quartz tube extends into the feldspar quartz tube from the bottom end of the feldspar quartz tube and is nested in the feldspar quartz tube. The invention also provides a combustion experimental device comprising the visual combustion furnace, and the device also comprises a flue gas analyzer, a high-speed camera, an infrared thermal imager and an XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester which are respectively electrically connected with a master control computer, wherein the high-speed camera and the infrared thermal imager are arranged right opposite to the tube wall of the long quartz tube, the combustion experimental device can clearly observe the slagging and deslagging processes of the biomass granular fuel in the combustion process, can record the combustion image in real time in the whole combustion process, and can record the images and the motion processes which can not be clearly seen by naked eyes, such as dynamic biomass granular fuel combustion flame, turbulence, gas-solid two-phase flow and the like, and the overall temperature distribution condition of a measured target at high frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy and environment, and particularly relates to a gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with a blowing function and high integrity and functionality and a combustion test device.
Background
With the rising of petroleum price, climate warming, energy shortage and the constraint of the united nations climate change frame convention, the biomass energy is taken as renewable and pollution-free (or low-pollution) energy, is highly valued by the international society and is also a focus of scientific research. The biomass raw materials at home and abroad comprise: the biomass energy is mainly prepared from organic wastes and planted energy plants, needs to utilize large-area land to enlarge planting and compete with grains, so that the way of diversified utilization of raw materials is a long-term strategy.
In the biomass energy utilization process, biomass ash is an important factor influencing the utilization process of the biomass ash. Aiming at the formation mechanism of slagging, the additive reacts with alkali metal elements in the biomass fuel to change the chemical process of biomass ash formation and inhibit the generation of eutectic with low melting point, thereby improving the melting point of the biomass ash and reducing the slagging problem caused by the alkali metal elements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with a purging function, which can effectively reduce slagging corrosion of a combustion furnace wall, prolong the service life of the combustion furnace and reduce the maintenance cost and the replacement period of the combustion furnace.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace of function sweeps in area, mainly includes furnace and top cap, furnace comprises feldspar quartz tube and short quartz tube, short quartz tube stretches into and nests in feldspar quartz tube inside from feldspar quartz tube bottom, the external diameter of short quartz tube is less than the internal diameter of long quartz tube, the two forms double-layered wall cavity, the length of short quartz tube is less than long quartz tube, the lower part lateral wall and the sleeve pipe sealing connection that a diameter is the same with feldspar quartz tube of short quartz tube, sheathed tube upper end and feldspar quartz tube's lower extreme all set up the ring flange of matching each other, and be connected through the ring flange, feldspar quartz tube's upper end sets up the ring flange, the top cap is connected with the ring flange of feldspar quartz tube upper end, the upper end of short quartz tube sets up the vibration.
And the side wall of the lower part of the sleeve is provided with a secondary air inlet communicated with the wall clamping cavity and used for blowing ash on the furnace wall of the feldspar quartz tube.
The bottom of the sleeve is hermetically connected with the side wall of the short quartz tube.
The long quartz tube is a hollow tube made of quartz.
The short quartz tube is provided with a bottom which is hermetically connected with the tube wall, and the bottom of the short quartz tube is provided with a primary air inlet which is used for supplying air to the inside of the short quartz tube from the bottom. Preferably, the primary air inlet is arranged at the center of the bottom of the short quartz tube. The primary air inlet is also used as an ash outlet. The short quartz tube is an ash storage bin for ash.
The top cover is respectively provided with a flue gas outlet, a fuel inlet, an additive inlet and a plurality of thermocouple jacks, and the thermocouples are inserted into the upper part of the hearth from the top cover.
The length of the short quartz tube is 1/3-2/3, preferably 1/2 of the length of the feldspar quartz tube.
And a thermocouple jack is arranged on the side wall of the sleeve, and a thermocouple is inserted into a wall clamping cavity formed by the long quartz tube and the short quartz tube from the side wall of the sleeve and extends upwards to a position slightly higher than the vibrating grate. The thermocouple functions to provide sufficient heat for and burn biomass fuel in the furnace.
The primary air outlet of the invention is connected with a primary air fan through a pipeline, and a primary air flow meter is arranged on the pipeline.
The secondary air outlet is connected with a secondary air fan through a pipeline, and a secondary air flowmeter is arranged on the pipeline.
Preferably, the vibrating grate provided by the invention adopts a single-layer net structure, a gravity sensor is arranged in the grate, and the vibrating grate starts to work when the gravity exceeds a set threshold value. The vibrating grate has two functions, namely vibrating the biomass particles to give certain initial speed to the biomass particles for combustion, and facilitating blowing the biomass particles into the middle mixing area and the upper slagging area by primary air. And the second function is to enable the biomass ash falling on the vibrating grate to fall into the short quartz tube through dense small holes on the vibrating grate and a vibration mode.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a combustion test device which comprises the combustion furnace.
Specifically, the combustion experimental device comprises a combustion furnace, a flue gas analyzer, a high-speed camera, an infrared thermal imager, an XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester and a master control computer; the smoke analyzer is communicated with a smoke outlet at the upper end of the combustion furnace, the high-speed camera and the infrared thermal imager are arranged right opposite to the tube wall of the long quartz tube, and the smoke analyzer, the high-speed camera, the infrared thermal imager and the XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester are electrically connected with a master control computer.
Specifically, the high-speed camera is over against the upper area of the combustion furnace and is used for rapidly and repeatedly sampling the high-speed target in a short time, when the high-speed camera is projected at a conventional speed, the change process of the recorded target becomes clear and slow, and the high-speed camera is used for recording images and movement processes which cannot be seen clearly by naked eyes, such as dynamic biomass granular fuel combustion flame, turbulence, gas-solid two-phase flow and the like at a high frequency.
Specifically, the infrared thermal imager faces the vibrating grate and is used for converting invisible infrared energy emitted by the object into visible thermal images, different colors on the thermal images represent different temperatures of the measured object, and the overall temperature distribution condition of the measured object can be observed by checking the thermal images.
The XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester is used for analyzing ash components, crystalline phases and scanning electron microscope images of ash slag of the combustion furnace, and analysis data are returned to the master control computer.
Preferably, a flue gas flowmeter is arranged between the flue gas analyzer and the flue gas outlet.
The invention is provided with a flue gas flowmeter and a flue gas analyzer at the top of the combustion furnace, wherein the flue gas enters the flue gas analyzer from a smoke outlet at the top of a quartz tube, and is exhausted to the atmosphere through a flue gas processing device and a chimney after real-time data is collected.
The high-speed camera and the infrared thermal imager are used for recording mixed combustion images of the fuel in the combustion furnace in real time and transmitting the images back to the main control computer.
Further, an outlet of the flue gas analyzer is connected with a chimney, and the analyzed flue gas is discharged from the chimney or enters flue gas treatment equipment.
The combustion furnace adopts a quartz tube as a hearth, the hearth is mainly divided into a lower 'molten pool' area, a middle mixing area and an upper slagging area, biomass fuel starts to burn in the lower 'molten pool' area of the combustion furnace, and after the fuel is ignited, the biomass fuel is blown into the middle mixing area in a turbulent flow manner under the action of a fan to perform turbulent flow burning, and along with the increase of temperature and time, the biomass fuel is changed into fine particles and is finally blown into the upper slagging area to be slagging or is mixed with additives.
The invention adopts a sleeve structure formed by a long quartz tube and a short quartz tube, adopts two air supply modes, and respectively adopts a primary air fan to provide primary air and a secondary air fan to provide secondary air, wherein the primary air is fed from the bottom of the short quartz tube to play a role in supporting combustion of fuel on a vibrating grate, and the secondary air is fed from bottom to top from the periphery of a wall-sandwiched cavity formed by the feldspar quartz tube and the short quartz tube to play a role in sweeping furnace wall ash.
In the air supply process, the air volume of the secondary air is controlled to be larger than that of the primary air, so that slag can be prevented from adhering to the furnace wall, turbulent combustion is formed in the main combustion area, and slag and gas phase formed in the slagging area can be separated conveniently and can be deposited on the vibrating grate.
The top cover of the combustion furnace is provided with an additive inlet, different additives are sprayed from the top of the combustion furnace through a pneumatic conveying pump, the additives are adsorbed and agglomerated on gaseous alkali metal chloride, corrosive gas and fly ash particles in a slagging zone at the upper part of a hearth, and high-density settled slag is formed, enters a mixing zone to be separated and settled and is finally discharged from the bottom of the hearth.
The top cover of the combustion furnace is provided with the fuel inlet, and biomass fuel is continuously added from the upper part of the hearth, so that the biomass fuel in the furnace is continuously combusted to form a 'molten pool area' on the fire grate.
The visual combustion furnace is suitable for various biomass fuels, such as water hyacinth, straws, sawdust and the like, and preferably the water hyacinth.
The working principle of the combustion furnace and the combustion test device of the invention is as follows: adding biomass fuel into a fuel inlet at the top of a combustion furnace, heating and igniting the biomass fuel through a thermocouple at the upper end of a hearth and a thermocouple at the lower end of the hearth, starting ventilation by a primary air fan and a secondary air fan, blowing biomass fuel turbulence combusted on a vibrating grate into a hearth slagging area to be mixed with sprayed additives, realizing the adsorption and agglomeration of the additives on gaseous alkali metal chloride, corrosive gas and fly ash particles in the slagging area at the upper part of the hearth, forming high-density settled slag to enter the mixing area for separation and settlement, arranging a gravity sensor in the vibrating grate, starting the vibrating grate to work when the gravity exceeds a set threshold, vibrating the biomass particles by the vibrating grate, endowing the combusted biomass particles with certain initial speed, facilitating the primary air to blow the biomass particles into a middle mixing area and the upper slagging area, and simultaneously blowing the biomass ash falling on the vibrating grate, the biomass ash falls into the short quartz tube for storage through dense small holes on the vibrating grate and a vibrating mode. The high-speed camera and the infrared thermal imager can record mixed combustion images in real time in the whole combustion process, the generated flue gas is collected, analyzed and discharged by the flue gas analyzer, ash slag after fuel is burnt out is analyzed in the XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester, and finally data are displayed in a computer. After the combustion is finished, the primary fan is turned off, ash in the furnace falls on the vibrating grate, enters the short quartz tube serving as the ash storage bin through the vibrating grate, is discharged from the primary air inlet at the bottom of the short quartz tube, and a small amount of ash falling in the cavity of the wall between the long quartz tube and the short quartz tube can be taken out from the secondary air inlet.
In the invention, when the slag bonding of the furnace wall of the combustion furnace is more and the ash accumulation of the cavity of the double-wall is more, the long quartz tube and the sleeve are detached through the connected flange plate for cleaning.
The invention arranges a high-speed camera and an infrared thermal imager on the side surfaces of a lower melting pool area and a mixing area and a slagging area on the middle upper part of a quartz tube hearth, and acquires the whole flame image in the combustion process of biomass fuel.
The fuel combustion test device can be used for adding fuel and additives into the combustion furnace in real time, and collecting the smoke and combustion images in the combustion furnace through the smoke analyzer, the high-speed camera, the infrared thermal imager and the XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester so as to completely analyze the whole combustion process and the biomass ash sample.
The gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with the purging function is mainly divided into a lower molten pool area, a middle mixing area and an upper slagging area in a combustion process. The sleeve type air supply mode is adopted, primary air and secondary air are respectively provided, the primary air is fed from the bottom of the hearth to play a role in supporting combustion, and the secondary air is fed from the bottom to the top of the periphery of the hearth to play a role in sweeping furnace wall ash. The method that the secondary air speed is higher than the primary air speed is adopted, on one hand, slag can be prevented from adhering to the furnace wall, on the other hand, turbulent combustion is formed in the main combustion area, and slag and gas phase formed in the slagging area are separated conveniently and are deposited on the vibrating grate. The biomass forming granular fuel is continuously added from the upper part of the hearth, so that the fuel in the furnace is continuously combusted to form a 'molten pool area' on the fire grate. Different additives (phosphate, kaolin, lime, calcined dolomite, diabase and the like) are sprayed from the top of the hearth through a pneumatic conveying pump, the additives are adsorbed and agglomerated to gaseous alkali metal chloride, corrosive gas and fly ash particles in a slagging zone at the upper part of the hearth, and high-density settled slag is formed, enters a mixing zone to be separated and settled and is finally discharged from the bottom of the hearth.
The biomass combustion furnace has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the visual combustion furnace can clearly observe the slagging and deslagging processes of biomass granular fuel in the combustion process, the adsorption process of solid additives and alkali metal chlorides in ash can be observed through a high-speed camera and an infrared thermal imager, slagging generated in the combustion of the biomass granular fuel is reduced by adding the additives, and the efficient clean combustion performance of the biomass combustion furnace is enhanced.
(2) The flue gas produced in the combustion process can be collected and analyzed in real time, and the pollution-free flue gas is discharged into the air after being treated by the flue gas pollutant treatment device, so that the ecological environment is protected from being polluted.
(3) The high-speed camera and the infrared thermal imager are adopted to record combustion images in real time in the whole combustion process, and the high-frequency recording of images and moving processes which cannot be seen clearly by naked eyes such as dynamic biomass granular fuel combustion flame, turbulence, gas-solid two-phase flow and the like and the whole temperature distribution condition of a measured target can be realized, so that the combustion process and the combustion performance of various biomass fuels can be researched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with a purging function.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a combustion test apparatus.
In the figures, the reference numerals are as follows:
1-top cover, 2-feldspar quartz tube, 3-short quartz tube, 4-double-wall cavity, 5-sleeve, 6-flange plate, 7-vibrating grate, 8-primary air inlet, 9-secondary air inlet, 10-flue gas outlet, 11-fuel inlet, 12-additive inlet, 13-thermocouple, 14-primary air fan, 15-primary air flowmeter, 16-secondary air fan, 17-secondary air flowmeter, 18-flue gas analyzer, 19-high speed camera, 20-infrared thermal imager, 21-XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester, 22-master control computer, 23-flue gas flowmeter and 24-ash storage bin.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the drawings and examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above description.
The gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with the purging function as shown in figure 1 mainly comprises a hearth and a top cover, wherein the hearth consists of a long quartz tube 2 and a short quartz tube 3, the long quartz tube 2 is a hollow tube made of quartz, the short quartz tube 3 extends into the long quartz tube 2 from the bottom end of the long quartz tube 2 and is nested in the long quartz tube 2, the outer diameter of the short quartz tube 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the long quartz tube 2, the long quartz tube and the short quartz tube form a wall-clamping cavity 4, the length of the short quartz tube 3 is smaller than that of the long quartz tube 2, the outer side wall of the lower part of the short quartz tube 3 is hermetically connected with a sleeve 5 with the same diameter as that of the long quartz tube 2, the upper end of the sleeve 5 and the lower end of the long quartz tube 2 are both provided with mutually matched flanges 6 and are connected through the flanges 6, the upper end of the long quartz tube 2 is provided with the flange, the vibrating grate 7 adopts a single-layer net structure, a gravity sensor is arranged in the grate, the vibrating grate 7 starts to work when the gravity exceeds a set threshold value, and the side wall of the lower part of the sleeve 5 is provided with a secondary air inlet 9 communicated with the wall clamping cavity 4 and used for blowing ash on the wall of the long quartz tube 2.
The bottom of the sleeve 5 is sealingly connected to the side wall of the short quartz tube 3. The short quartz tube 3 is provided with a bottom which is hermetically connected with the tube wall, and the bottom of the short quartz tube 3 is provided with a primary air inlet 8 for supplying air from the bottom to the inside of the short quartz tube 3. The primary air inlet 8 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the short quartz tube 3, the primary air inlet 8 is also used as an ash outlet, and the short quartz tube 3 is used as an ash storage bin 24 for ash.
The top cover is respectively provided with a flue gas outlet 10, a fuel inlet 11, an additive inlet 12 and a plurality of thermocouple jacks, and a thermocouple 13 is inserted into the upper part of the hearth from the top cover.
The length of the short quartz tube 3 is 1/2 times the length of the long quartz tube 2.
Thermocouple insertion holes are also formed in the side wall of the sleeve 5, and thermocouples 13 are inserted into the double-wall cavity 4 formed by the long quartz tube 2 and the short quartz tube 3 from the side wall of the sleeve 5 and extend upwards to a position slightly higher than the vibrating grate 7.
The primary air outlet is connected with a primary air fan 14 through a pipeline, and a primary air flow meter 15 is arranged on the pipeline. The secondary air outlet is connected with a secondary air fan 16 through a pipeline, and a secondary air flowmeter 17 is arranged on the pipeline.
The combustion experimental apparatus shown in fig. 2 comprises a combustion furnace, a flue gas analyzer 18, a high-speed camera 19, an infrared thermal imager 20, an XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester 21 and a main control computer 22; the flue gas analyzer 18 is communicated with a flue gas outlet 10 at the upper end of the combustion furnace, the high-speed camera 19 and the infrared thermal imager 20 are arranged right opposite to the tube wall of the long quartz tube 2, the flue gas analyzer 18, the high-speed camera 19, the infrared thermal imager 20 and the XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester 21 are electrically connected with a master control computer 22, and a flue gas flowmeter 23 is arranged between the flue gas analyzer 18 and the flue gas outlet 10.
The working process of the combustion furnace and the combustion experimental device of the invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2, specifically: firstly, adding biomass fuel into a fuel inlet 11 at the top of a combustion furnace, adding an additive into a hearth from an additive inlet 12, heating and igniting the biomass fuel through a thermocouple 13 at the upper end of the hearth and a thermocouple 13 at the lower end of the hearth, starting ventilation by a primary air fan 14 and a secondary air fan 16, blowing biomass fuel combusted on a vibrating grate 7 into a hearth slagging region in a turbulent flow manner to be mixed with the sprayed additive, realizing the adsorption and agglomeration of the additive on gaseous alkali metal chloride, corrosive gas and fly ash particles in the slagging region at the upper part of the hearth, forming high-density settled slag to enter the mixing region for separation and settlement, arranging a gravity sensor in the vibrating grate 7, starting the vibrating grate 7 to work when the gravity exceeds a set threshold value, vibrating the vibrating grate 7 to give biomass particles to be combusted at a certain initial speed, and facilitating the primary air to blow the biomass particles into the middle mixing region and the upper slagging region, meanwhile, the biomass ash falling on the vibrating grate 7 falls into the short quartz tube 3 to be stored in a mode of dense small holes and vibration on the vibrating grate 7. In the whole combustion process, the high-speed camera 19 and the infrared thermal imager 20 record mixed combustion images in real time, the generated flue gas is collected, analyzed and discharged by the flue gas analyzer 18, ash after fuel is burnt out is analyzed in the XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester 21, and finally data is displayed in a computer. After the combustion is finished, the primary fan is turned off, ash in the furnace falls on the vibrating grate, enters the short quartz tube 3 serving as the ash storage bin 24 through the vibrating grate, is discharged from the primary air inlet 8 at the bottom of the short quartz tube 3, and a small amount of ash falling in the wall-sandwiched cavity 4 of the long quartz tube 2 and the short quartz tube 3 can be taken out from the secondary air inlet 9.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with a purging function is characterized by mainly comprising a hearth and a top cover (1) (1), wherein the hearth consists of a long quartz tube (2) and a short quartz tube (3), the short quartz tube (3) extends into the long quartz tube (2) from the bottom end of the feldspar quartz tube (2) and is nested in the long quartz tube (2), the outer diameter of the short quartz tube (3) is smaller than the inner diameter of the long quartz tube (2) to form a wall clamping cavity (4), the length of the short quartz tube (3) is smaller than that of the long quartz tube (2), the outer side wall of the lower part of the short quartz tube (3) is hermetically connected with a sleeve (5) with the same diameter as that of the feldspar quartz tube (2), the upper end of the sleeve (5) and the lower end of the feldspar quartz tube (2) are both provided with mutually matched flange plates (6) and connected through the flange plates (6), the upper end of the long quartz tube (2, the top cover (1) is connected with a flange plate (6) at the upper end of the feldspar quartz tube (2), and the upper end of the short quartz tube (3) is provided with a vibrating grate (7);
the secondary air inlet (9) that is linked together with double-layered wall cavity (4) is equipped with to the lower part lateral wall of sleeve pipe (5), the bottom of sleeve pipe (5) and the lateral wall sealing connection of short quartz capsule (3), short quartz capsule (3) are equipped with the bottom with pipe wall sealing connection, and the bottom of short quartz capsule (3) is equipped with air inlet (8) of giving first time.
2. The visual gas-solid two-phase flow combustion furnace with the purging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top cover (1) is respectively provided with a flue gas outlet (10), a fuel inlet (11), an additive inlet (12) and a plurality of thermocouple jacks, and the thermocouple (13) is inserted into the upper part of the hearth from the top cover (1).
3. A two-phase gas-solid flow visual combustion furnace with purging function according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the short quartz tube (3) is 1/3-2/3 of the length of the feldspathic tube (2).
4. The visual gas-solid two-phase flow combustion furnace with the purging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein a thermocouple jack is arranged on the side wall of the sleeve (5), and a thermocouple (13) is inserted into a wall-sandwiched cavity (4) formed by the long quartz tube (2) and the short quartz tube (3) from the side wall of the sleeve (5) and extends upwards to a position slightly higher than the vibrating grate (7).
5. The visual gas-solid two-phase flow combustion furnace with the purging function as recited in claim 1, wherein the primary air outlet is connected with a primary air fan (14) through a pipeline, a primary air flow meter (15) is arranged on the pipeline, the secondary air outlet is connected with a secondary air fan (16) through a pipeline, and a secondary air flow meter (17) is arranged on the pipeline.
6. The gas-solid two-phase flow visual combustion furnace with the purging function as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vibrating grate (7) adopts a single-layer net structure, and a gravity sensor is arranged inside the grate.
7. A combustion test device comprising the gas-solid two-phase flow visualization combustion furnace with purging function as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising a combustion furnace, a flue gas analyzer (18), a high-speed camera (19), an infrared thermal imager (20), an XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester (21) and a master control computer (22); the smoke gas analyzer (18) is communicated with a smoke gas outlet (10) at the upper end of the combustion furnace, the high-speed camera (19) and the infrared thermal imager (20) are arranged right opposite to the tube wall of the long quartz tube (2), and the smoke gas analyzer (18), the high-speed camera (19), the infrared thermal imager (20) and the XRD/XRF/scanning electron microscope tester (21) are electrically connected with a main control computer (22).
8. The combustion test apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said high speed camera (19) is directed against the upper region of the furnace.
9. The combustion testing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the infrared thermal imager (20) is facing the vibrating grate (7).
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| CN203731379U (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | 山东省科学院能源研究所 | Reciprocal double-cyclone type biomass particle forming fuel grate-fired furnace |
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