CN110093577A - Micron order substrate damage leads to the removing method of zinc-plated defect - Google Patents
Micron order substrate damage leads to the removing method of zinc-plated defect Download PDFInfo
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- CN110093577A CN110093577A CN201910468746.8A CN201910468746A CN110093577A CN 110093577 A CN110093577 A CN 110093577A CN 201910468746 A CN201910468746 A CN 201910468746A CN 110093577 A CN110093577 A CN 110093577A
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- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- plated
- defect
- acid
- micron order
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
- B21B45/08—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing hydraulically
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/021—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously by dipping
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the removing methods that a kind of micron order substrate damage leads to zinc-plated defect.When producing the automobile exterior panel on high-grade surface, by optimizing to hot rolling and acid cleaning process, the frequency of occurrences of the zinc-plated intensive fleck defect of outside plate is effectively improved.Using hot rolling slab low-temperature heat: 1150~1250 DEG C, increasing F1 dephosphorization water, coiling temperature takes lower limit control: 700~780 DEG C.Take acid cleaning process stable state to control: speed control is in 60~180m/min；For one section of acid tank temperature at 70~90 DEG C, two, three sections of acid tank temperature are not less than 70 DEG C；One section of acid solution HCl concentration is in 50~100g/l, and two, three sections of acid solution HCl concentration are in 160~250g/l.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hot-dip fields, lead to the producer of zinc-plated defect specifically for eliminating micron order substrate damage
Method.
Background technique
With the application of Comprehensive Control Technology, galvanized sheet surface quality has substantive raising.However, due to galvanized sheet table
Layer cannot hide any small base board defect in addition when zinc liquid react with matrix under the conditions of possibility amplifier section cold rolling visually not
Visible defect.Even state-of-the-art Continuous Hot Dip Galvanizing Line, production and using when still will appear such as point, bright
All kinds of zinc-plated defects such as point, stain, plating leakage, layering, scuffing, scar block, stamping cracking.These defects are from origin classification, including refine
The processes such as steel, hot rolling, cold rolling, zinc-plated, environment, user's manufacture；From classification of type, including base steel, zinc-plated, post-processing, punching press etc.
Technique causes.It understands fully the type of defect, generate link, reason and Improving Measurements, to galvanized sheet surface quality is improved, enhance user
It is significant using confidence.
Wherein, zinc-plated defect caused by base steel is related to zinc-plated preceding process, and common cause has: steel-making field trash residual, hot rolling
Iron scale indentation, mixed crystal, furnace roller dross, mistake/owe pickling, the wiping in annealing furnace scratches etc..But producing high-grade surface
Automobile exterior panel when, simulation is carried out to steel plate before factory and punching press and is polished with oilstone, a kind of micron order substrate damage occurs and leads
Galvanizing surface is caused intensive fleck defect occur.The defect and common zinc-plated defect have very big difference, not can refer to
Effective analysis method cannot prevent the frequency of occurrences of the defect completely after improving to zincincation.
103556095 A of patent CN is mentioned, and condensation settler is installed on the outside of furnace nose, makes zinc in furnace nose
Pot side region forms negative pressure, while using heating method in furnace nose side wall, and furnace nose side wall temperatures are increased to 450~550
DEG C, siphon away the zinc fume above zinc pot constantly.Furnace nose nitrogen hydrogen protective gas dew point be maintained at -70~-20 DEG C it
Between, it is not necessary to additional humidification.Zinc fume cooling precipitating, deposition that zinc gray is effectively reduced in belt steel surface in condensing unit is precipitated are made
At fleck defect.It is zinc-plated fleck defect caused by zinc gray that the patent, which is mentioned, effective by improving zinc pot region related process
Reduce the frequency of occurrences of fleck defect.And defect involved by this patent is different, by adjusting the effect of zinc pot region process improving
It is very limited.
101147919 A of patent CN mentions reduction using CSP hot rolled coil as the side of the lvanized cold rolled strip surface defect of raw material
Method.Control CSP hot-rolled process, pickling and cold-rolling process.Start rolling temperature is 1130~1150 DEG C, and finishing temperature is 890~910 DEG C,
Start dephosphorization between rack when steel plate thickness is greater than 2.2mm, reduces that hot rolled coil surface is primary, generation of secondary oxidation iron sheet；?
Withdrawal straightening machine is set as elongation control description when pickling and cold-rolling, elongation control is 0.5~3%., so that iron scale rupture from
And makes sour easily immersion rusty scale and remove.The quantity for finally reducing zinc-plated plate surface pressure oxygen point defect, by being greater than 8/mm2It drops to small
In 2/mm2.The zinc-plated defect of the defect that the patent is mentioned is caused by CSP hot rolling iron scale, and zinc-plated rear iron scale residual is made
At surface defect.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above the deficiencies in the prior art, technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of high treating effect
Micron order substrate damage leads to the removing method of zinc-plated defect, which leads to the removing method side of zinc-plated defect
Method can solve galvanizing surface point defect caused by micron order substrate damage.By being optimized to hot rolling and acid cleaning process, increase
Heating roll with scale breading ability when pickling, improve plating before plate surface quality.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides the elimination sides that a kind of micron order substrate damage leads to zinc-plated defect
Method, the microcell breakage size reduction of zinc-plated preceding substrate are not found intensive to 0~10 μm, 0~2 μm of short transverse after zinc-plated punching press
Visual bright spot.To obtain quality of coating as described above, need to control the techniques such as incoming hot rolled slab, pickling, so that substrate table
Face quality meets zinc-plated requirement, without larger-size breakage.
A kind of micron order substrate damage leads to the removing method of zinc-plated defect, comprises the following steps:
1) hot rolling technology
Hot rolling slab heating temperature is 1150~1250 DEG C；Increase finish rolling F1 dephosphorization, dephosphorization system in conventional course of hot rolling
Unite 20~30MPa of water pump discharge pressure；Coiling temperature is 700~780 DEG C.
Hot rolling slab heating temperature is using low-temperature heat: 1150~1250 DEG C.Billet surface temperature is more than after 1250 DEG C,
The iron scale on surface completely or partially melts, and the resistance of diffusion reduces, and oxidation rate greatly increases.Iron scale at this time and
There is very strong interface binding power, it is not easy to remove, steel slab surface iron scale is blocked up, and subsequent hot rolling dephosphorization is not between steel matrix
Easily removal.Steel billet temperature is lower than 1150 DEG C, and temperature is difficult to meet the requirement of finish to gauge technique, Yi Zao after roughing and 7 passage finish rolling
At rolls damage, deformed steel strip, performance the adverse effect such as do not conform to.
Increase finish rolling F1 dephosphorization in conventional course of hot rolling, improves iron scale scale breading dynamics, dephosphorization system exit of pump
20~30MPa of pressure.High pressure water beam removes iron scale and steel parent as a sharp cutting machine, generates tiny
Gap.Simultaneously as the iron oxide on surface of billet steel skin temperature of fresh baked is very high, and the heat absorption of high pressure moisture rapid evaporation, iron oxide
Skin sharply turns cold contraction, generates transverse cuts power.Droplet enters gap later, and scale on surface is further removed and washed away
It loosens.When water pump discharge pressure is smaller, stripping ability is inadequate, and iron scale cannot completely remove；When pressure is larger, high pressure
Dephosphorization pump needs more electric energy supports, waste of energy.
According to different steel grades, under conditions of meeting performance, lower limit control taken to coiling temperature: 700~780 DEG C.Temperature
Performance may be unable to satisfy when degree is lower than 700 DEG C, and iron scale is easy too fast life in batching cooling procedure when higher than 780 DEG C
At, and blocked up iron scale will affect subsequent pickling scale breading and pickling effect.
2) acid cleaning process
Three sections of descaling bath condition controls: one section 70~90 DEG C of acid tank temperature, acid solution HCl concentration is in 50~100g/L；Two, three
Section acid tank temperature is not less than 70 DEG C, and acid solution HCl concentration is in 160~250g/L.
As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, micron order substrate damage provided by the invention leads to the elimination side of zinc-plated defect
Method further comprises some or all of following technical characteristic:
As an improvement of the above technical solution, after the step 1), iron scale is with a thickness of 5~10 μm.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, it before the step 2) strip enters descaling bath progress pickling, is rectified using stretching
Straight roller is by 2~3 bendings and stretches progress iron scale scale breading processing.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the step 2) uses shallow slot turbulence acid dip mode, reduces acid solution in slot
Heat dissipation area controls production cost to reduce acid solution heat loss.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the step 2) pickling speed is 60~180m/min.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the step 2) pickling speed is 80~120m/min.
Realize the stable state control of pickling speed: 60~180m/min, optimal control is in 80~120m/min.Pickling speed mistake
Slowly it easily causes acid solution and belt steel surface time of contact too long, causes overpickling, surface generates deeper pit, causes zinc-plated band
Or plating leakage；Excessive velocities easily cause acid solution to the pickling scarce capacity of belt steel surface, cause to owe pickling, remained on surface is more polyoxygenated
Iron sheet, causes zinc-plated line defect, and punching press dezincification is caused when serious.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the step 2), three sections of descaling bath condition controls: one section of acid tank temperature 75~
80 DEG C, acid solution HCl concentration is in 60~70g/L；Two, three sections of acid tank temperature are not less than 70 DEG C, and acid solution HCl concentration is in 180~200g/
L。
Realize the stable state control of three sections of descaling bath temperature: one section of acid tank temperature is higher, reaches 70~90 DEG C, optimal control exists
75~80 DEG C, two, three sections of acid tank temperature are relatively low, but are not less than 70 DEG C.Pickling temperature influences the activity of HCl, general temperature
The activity of higher HCl is bigger, and pickling efficiency is higher.HCl temperature is excessively high easily to cause surface overpickling, while acid solution accelerates volatilization,
Cause increased costs；Temperature is too low easily to cause pickling scarce capacity, causes to owe pickling.
Realize the stable state control of three sections of descaling bath acid strengths: one section of acid solution HCl concentration is in 50~100g/l, optimal control
In 60~70g/l, two, three sections of acid solution HCl concentration are in 160~250g/l, and optimal control is in 180~200g/l.General pickling effect
Fruit is accelerated with the increase of HCl concentration, but HCl excessive concentration easily causes overpickling, and strip base steel is etched, and is generated deeper
Pit；HCl concentration is too low to easily cause deficient pickling, the more iron scale of remained on surface.
Compared with 103556095 A of patent CN, present invention focuses on zinc-plated supplied materials surface quality is solved, it is not related to zinc
Relevant device is additionally installed in pot region, and galvanizing unit does not need to carry out biggish technical improvements.With patent CN
101147919 A are compared, and the present invention relates to zinc-plated defects to be caused by substrate surface breakage, rather than iron scale residual causes,
Hot rolling and acid cleaning process have larger difference.
Compared with prior art, technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
For strip after pickling and cold-rolling, iron scale is fully erased.Before taking this project prioritization scheme, iron scale and scale breading
Microcell breakage size in surface caused by process is larger, and in-plane reaches 50~100 μm, and short transverse reaches 8~20 μm, zinc-plated
Visible a large amount of fleck defects afterwards.After taking this project scheme, microcell breakage size reduction to 0~10 μm, 0~2 μm of short transverse,
Intensive visual bright spot is not found after zinc-plated punching press.
It according to above-mentioned hot rolling and acid cleaning process, can control effectively to iron scale, strip obtains good surface matter
Amount, meets the production requirement of the zinc-plated automobile exterior panel in high-grade surface.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to allow above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention can
It is clearer and more comprehensible, below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, detailed description are as follows.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the attached drawing to embodiment is simply situated between below
It continues.
The normal galvanizing surface microscopic appearance of Fig. 1；
Fig. 2 fleck defect corresponds to hot rolling raw sheet cross-section morphology；
Fig. 3 fleck defect corresponds to cold-rolled substrate microscopic appearance；
Fig. 4 fleck defect corresponds to zinc-plated subsurface microscopic appearance (zinc layers are partly dissolved)；
Fig. 5 fleck defect corresponds to zinc-plated cross-section morphology.
Specific embodiment
The following detailed description of a specific embodiment of the invention, as part of this specification, by embodiment come
Illustrate that the principle of the present invention, other aspects of the present invention, feature and its advantage will become apparent by the detailed description.
Embodiment
Coil of strip enters annealing furnace and zinc pot after hot rolling, pickling and cold-rolling, produces great surface quality hot galvanizing outside plate.Hot rolling
With acid cleaning process parameter as shown in table 1,2.Iron scale, substrate micro-raman spectra are constituted to be counted by scanning electron microscopic observation.
Embodiment list table 1
Embodiment list table 2
As shown in the embodiment 1-6 of table 1,2, in the hot rolling of the invention limited, acid cleaning process parameter, added using low temperature slab
Heat, temperature are controlled at 1150~1250 DEG C；Increase finish rolling FI dephosphorization ability, 20~30MPa of system water pump discharge pressure；Hot rolling comes
Expect iron scale thickness control at 5~10 μm；Realize the pickling speed of three sections of descaling baths and the stable state control of acid tank temperature.By reality
Example is applied it is found that strip is after pickling and cold-rolling, iron scale is fully erased, and zinc-plated substrate is substantially without breakage, zinc-plated supplied materials surface matter
Amount is met the requirements.As shown in Figure 1, the cold-rolled substrate produced under the conditions of embodiment 1-6 is good in zinc-plated rear surface quality, do not send out
Existing spot defect.
Relatively, in comparative example 1-3 of the table 1,2 for not controlling hot rolling, acid cleaning process, hot rolling iron scale size compared with
Thickness, and discovery has surface fracture on hot rolling raw sheet.As shown in Fig. 2, the hot rolling surface produced under the conditions of comparative example 2 is damaged
About 20 μm of site size.Through overpickling, cold rolling, it is zinc-plated after damaged area be amplified, defect becomes apparent, as in Figure 3-5.Its
In, Fig. 3 be pickling and cold-rolling metacoxal plate breakage microcell, about 78 μm of lengthwise dimension；Fig. 4 be it is zinc-plated after zinc layers be partly dissolved after
Damaged micro-raman spectra, with Fig. 3 comparison be same place defect；Fig. 5 is complete zinc layers Cross Section Morphology, can intuitively find out that substrate has
Breakage, which tilts, extends to coating surface, and surrounding does not find oxide, and it is loose to tilt root upper and lower parts zinc layers.
- 5 micro-analysis according to fig. 2, hot rolling microcell breakage result in zinc-plated outside plate and the intensive fleck defect in surface occur.Through
It crosses and hot rolling and acid cleaning process is optimized, can control the frequency of occurrences of zinc-plated outside plate fleck defect.
The bound of each raw material cited by the present invention and each raw material of the present invention, section value and technological parameter
Bound, the section value of (such as temperature, time) can realize the present invention, embodiment numerous to list herein.
The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, cannot limit the right model of the present invention with this certainly
It encloses, it is noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, may be used also
To make several improvement and variation, these, which improve and change, is also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the removing method that a kind of micron order substrate damage leads to zinc-plated defect, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps:
1) hot rolling technology
Hot rolling slab heating temperature is 1150~1250 DEG C；Increase finish rolling F1 dephosphorization, dephosphorization system water in conventional course of hot rolling
20~30MPa of pump discharge pressure；Coiling temperature is 700~780 DEG C；
2) acid cleaning process
Three sections of descaling bath condition controls: one section 70~90 DEG C of acid tank temperature, acid solution HCl concentration is in 50~100g/L；Two, three sections of acid
Bath temperature degree is not less than 70 DEG C, and acid solution HCl concentration is in 160~250g/L.
2. the removing method that micron order substrate damage as described in claim 1 leads to zinc-plated defect, it is characterised in that: the step
It is rapid 1) after, iron scale is with a thickness of 5~10 μm.
3. the removing method that micron order substrate damage as described in claim 1 leads to zinc-plated defect, it is characterised in that: the step
Before rapid 2) strip enters descaling bath progress pickling, iron scale is carried out by 2~3 bendings and stretching using tension straingtening roller and is broken
Squama processing.
4. the removing method that micron order substrate damage as described in claim 1 leads to zinc-plated defect, it is characterised in that: the step
It is rapid 2) to use shallow slot turbulence acid dip mode.
5. the removing method that micron order substrate damage as described in claim 1 leads to zinc-plated defect, it is characterised in that: the step
Rapid 2) pickling speed is 60~180m/min.
6. the removing method that micron order substrate damage as described in claim 1 leads to zinc-plated defect, it is characterised in that: the step
Rapid 2) pickling speed is 80~120m/min.
7. the removing method that micron order substrate damage as described in claim 1 leads to zinc-plated defect, it is characterised in that: the step
It is rapid 2), the control of three sections of descaling bath conditions: one section 75~80 DEG C of acid tank temperature, acid solution HCl concentration is in 60~70g/L；Two, three sections of acid
Bath temperature degree is not less than 70 DEG C, and acid solution HCl concentration is in 180~200g/L.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910468746.8A CN110093577A (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2019-05-31 | Micron order substrate damage leads to the removing method of zinc-plated defect |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910468746.8A CN110093577A (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2019-05-31 | Micron order substrate damage leads to the removing method of zinc-plated defect |
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| CN110093577A true CN110093577A (en) | 2019-08-06 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112147171A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-29 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Micron-sized hot-dip galvanized automobile sheet stamping bright spot defect analysis method |
| CN112246882A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-22 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Method for eliminating hot-dip galvanized transverse stripes of hot-rolled substrate |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103774043A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-05-07 | 首钢总公司 | Hot-galvanized steel plate for automobile side wall outer panel and production method thereof |
| CN106086634A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司 | A kind of production method of yield strength >=450MPa structural level galvanized steel strip |
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2019
- 2019-05-31 CN CN201910468746.8A patent/CN110093577A/en active Pending
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| CN103774043A (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2014-05-07 | 首钢总公司 | Hot-galvanized steel plate for automobile side wall outer panel and production method thereof |
| CN106086634A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司 | A kind of production method of yield strength >=450MPa structural level galvanized steel strip |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112147171A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-29 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Micron-sized hot-dip galvanized automobile sheet stamping bright spot defect analysis method |
| CN112147171B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2024-05-28 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Method for analyzing stamping bright point defects of micron-sized hot dip galvanized automobile sheet |
| CN112246882A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-22 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | Method for eliminating hot-dip galvanized transverse stripes of hot-rolled substrate |
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Application publication date: 20190806 |
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