CN110091185B

CN110091185B - Flat bed body with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjusting structure

Info

Publication number: CN110091185B
Application number: CN201910493375.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪传宏
Original assignee: Chongqing Honggang CNC Machine Tool Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Honggang CNC Machine Tool Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-06-06
Filing date: 2019-06-06
Publication date: 2021-04-23
Anticipated expiration: 2039-06-06
Also published as: CN110091185A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a flat bed body with a self-compensating guide rail gap adjusting structure, which comprises a guide rail and a sliding block, wherein the sliding block is connected to the guide rail in a sliding manner; the adjusting mechanism comprises a vertical frame, at least two rotating shafts, a cam and a driving piece, the vertical frame is fixedly connected to the end face of the bottom of the sliding block, and the rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the vertical frame and distributed on two sides of the guide rail; the driving part is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, one side wall of the driving part is abutted against the side wall of the guide rail, and a gap is formed between the other side wall of the driving part and the inner wall of the sliding block; the cam is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the far end of the cam can be abutted against the side wall of the guide rail. When the rotating shaft rotates to drive the cam to rotate, the far end of the cam is contacted with the inner wall of the guide rail, and finally, the gap between the sliding block and the guide rail is fixed, so that the problem that the machining precision of a machine tool is reduced due to abrasion of the guide rail and the sliding block in the prior art is solved.

Description

Flat bed body with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjusting structure

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a flat bed body with a self-compensation type guide rail clearance adjusting structure.

Background

Machine tools are continuously developed in the machining industry, modern mechanical manufacturing technology is developing towards high efficiency, high quality, high precision, high integration and high intelligence, and people continuously improve the structure of the machine tool and the structures of parts on the machine tool to ensure the precision of machine parts processed by the machine tool.

The machine tool error refers to the initial position error and the movement error which are comprehensively caused by other factors such as manufacturing, installation, inaccurate motion control, a cutter, a machine tool body, thermal deformation and the like in a machine tool movement space, after the continuous high-strength work or the service life of a slide rail on the machine tool is prolonged, gaps between a slide block and the slide rail are different, the machine tool can shake left and right when sliding, the guiding precision of the machine tool during working is influenced, meanwhile, the matching deviation occurs due to the deviation of the positions between the slide block and the slide rail, the slide block and the slide rail are mutually abutted, the abrasion of the slide block and the slide rail is more serious, and the problem that the machine tool shakes left and right when sliding can be solved by adjusting the gaps between the slide rail and.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a flat lathe body with a self-compensation type guide rail gap adjusting structure, so as to solve the problems of poor machining precision and serious abrasion of a machine tool caused by different gaps between a guide rail and a sliding block.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the flat bed body with the self-compensating guide rail gap adjusting structure comprises a guide rail and a sliding block connected to the guide rail in a sliding manner, a gap exists between the guide rail and the sliding block, and an adjusting mechanism is arranged in the gap between the guide rail and the sliding block; the adjusting mechanism comprises a vertical frame, at least two rotating shafts, a cam and a driving piece, the vertical frame is fixedly connected to the end face of the bottom of the sliding block, and the rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the vertical frame and distributed on two sides of the guide rail; the driving part is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, one side wall of the driving part is abutted against the side wall of the guide rail, and a gap is formed between the other side wall of the driving part and the inner wall of the sliding block; the cam is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the far end of the cam can be abutted against the side wall of the guide rail.

The principle of the invention is as follows: the guide rail and the slide block are connected in a sliding way through a boss and a sliding groove in a conventional matching way, in the application, a gap capable of being provided with an adjusting mechanism is arranged between the guide rail and the slide block, the gap between the guide rail and the slide block is adjusted through the adjusting mechanism, so that the automatic compensation function is realized, the adjusting principle is as follows, because the side wall at one side of the driving piece is abutted against the side wall of the guide rail, and the side wall at the other side of the driving piece is in a gap with the inner wall of the slide block, when the slide block slides along the guide rail, the slide block drives the vertical frame and the rotating shaft to move together, so that the driving piece fixedly connected to the rotating shaft moves together, at the moment, the driving piece rotates under the friction force action of the side wall of the guide rail, so as to drive the rotating shaft to rotate the cam fixedly connected, because the far end of the cam can be abutted against the, in the rotating process of the cam, the far end of the cam acts on the side wall of the guide rail, and because the guide rail is fixed, the cam can bear the reaction force of the guide rail, and the reaction force is transmitted to the sliding block by the cam through the rotating shaft and the vertical frame, so that the sliding block is pushed to a position normally matched with the guide rail; because the cams are arranged on the two sides of the guide rail, the cams on the corresponding side walls of the guide rail can finally push the slide block to a position normally matched with the guide rail no matter the slide block deviates to any side wall of the guide rail, so that the automatic compensation of the gap between the guide rail and the slide block is realized, and the gap between the guide rail and the slide block in a normal state is ensured.

The scheme has the advantages that:

1. automatic compensation can be realized: compare the condition that appears the deviation easily between slide rail and the guide rail among the prior art, set up the clearance between guide rail and the slider in this application, and set up adjustment mechanism in the clearance, at the slider along the guide rail slip in-process, no matter the slider deviates to any one side of guide rail, cam among the adjustment mechanism all can promote slider and guide rail normal complex position, thereby realize the automatic compensation in clearance between slider and the guide rail, reduce and make the uneven condition of guide rail both sides lateral wall wearing and tearing because of clearance changes between slider and the guide rail, guarantee the machining precision of lathe.

2. Stable in structure and simple: because the driving piece is located between guide rail lateral wall and the slider inner wall, when the slider was for the guide rail relative slip, the driving piece took place to rotate under receiving the frictional force effect, the driving piece is because the frictional action that receives guide rail and slider just takes place pivoted, but the driving piece has supporting role to the guide rail, makes guide rail and slider have better cooperation motion, because the existence of driving piece, has improved the stability of slider when sliding on the slide rail.

3. Has the self-cleaning function: because the driving piece constantly contacts with the lateral wall of guide rail in the rotation process, the driving piece can clear up the impurity of guide rail lateral wall, makes the clearance between guide rail and the slider cleaner to reduce and make the slider not smooth condition emergence of sliding because of impurity piles up in the clearance between guide rail and the slider.

Furthermore, the number of the cams on the same rotating shaft is at least two.

Compared with the situation that only one cam is arranged on one rotating shaft, only one pushing point of one cam to the sliding block is arranged, and the position of each time the cam pushes the guide rail is single, so that the side wall of the guide rail and the far end of the cam are seriously abraded. In this scheme, the cam quantity in same pivot is two at least for the guide rail can be promoted by a plurality of cams, reduces the wearing and tearing of guide rail lateral wall single position, is favorable to prolonging the life of cam and guide rail.

Furthermore, the cams on the same rotating shaft are arranged in a staggered manner.

When the far end of the cam rotates to the position where the far end of the cam is not in contact with the side wall of the guide rail, the cam does not have the pushing effect on the slide block, so that when the far end of the cam is not in contact with the side wall of the guide rail, even if the rotating speed of the cam is high in machining, short-time position deviation can still occur between the slide block and the guide rail. In the scheme, as the number of the cams on the same rotating shaft is at least two, and the cams are arranged in a staggered manner, each cam can respectively push the sliding block at different time intervals to realize the function of automatic compensation, the probability of position deviation between the sliding block and the guide rail is reduced, and the normal clearance can be kept between the sliding block and the guide rail.

Furthermore, the driving piece is located the pivot middle part, and cam evenly distributed is at the both ends of driving piece.

When the driving part rotates under the action of friction force, the driving part is positioned in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the driving part can quickly transmit the friction force applied to the side wall of the guide rail to the rotating shaft, so that cams at two ends of the driving part on the rotating shaft are uniformly stressed; the cam evenly distributed in the both ends of driving piece makes the effort that every cam received equal to the degree of wear that the position that makes guide rail and cam contact received is equivalent, guarantees that every cam promotes the distance of slider equal, avoids causing the error because of guide rail or cam degree of wear are different.

Further, the driving part comprises a cylindrical air bag which is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft.

Compare in the driving piece that uses metal material, wearing and tearing are more serious when frictional force is great between metal material driving piece and slider and the guide rail, and life receives the influence, and metal material's driving piece quality is great, and inertia is big, and energy waste is serious. In the scheme, the driving part comprises the cylindrical air bag, the air bag and the rotating shaft are coaxially arranged, the air bag has high elasticity, high friction coefficient and high wear resistance, so that the service life of the air bag is longer when the air bag is used, the air bag can quickly respond when the sliding block and the guide rail move relatively, and the air bag has certain buffering function due to the high elasticity of the air bag, and can play a certain protection role on the guide rail.

Furthermore, a supporting piece is arranged between the guide rail and the sliding block.

Compared with the situation that the vertical frame is only arranged between the guide rail and the sliding block, the vertical frame can play a supporting role, but in the process that the guide rail and the sliding block slide back and forth at a high speed, the vertical frame is easy to wear, so that the matching precision between the guide rail and the sliding block is reduced, and the machining precision of the machine tool is influenced. In this scheme, be equipped with support piece between guide rail and slider, support piece is used for supporting the slider, and the change of being convenient for can reduce the wearing and tearing of grudging post simultaneously, guarantees the cooperation precision of whole structure, makes the machining precision of lathe obtain guaranteeing.

Further, the support piece comprises a ball, and the ball is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the vertical frame.

Compare in the cooperation structure that sets up support piece for spout and boss, though have better cooperation degree between boss and the spout, the cooperation precision of boss and spout is high, and processing cost is big, and the wearing and tearing between spout and the boss are great. In this scheme, support piece includes the ball, and the ball is the bottom of rotation connection at the grudging post, and the ball not only can the bearing, and simultaneously when slider and guide rail relative motion, the ball is rolling friction, and its frictional force is a lot of less than sliding friction power, and consequently the wearing and tearing of ball can be little a lot of, and life is longer.

Furthermore, the upper end of the guide rail is provided with a guide groove matched with the ball.

Offer the guide way with the ball adaptation in the guide rail upper end, make the slider along the guide rail slip in-process, the ball all is located the guide way, the guide way not only plays the effect of direction for the ball, simultaneously because guide way and ball cooperation position are the arcwall face, the ball is when the effort that receives the slider, can fall into the bottom of guide way automatically, the guide way has certain limiting displacement to the ball, thereby make the slider difficult and guide rail produce the skew, make the processingquality of lathe more stable.

Further, the outer surface of the ball, the outer edge of the cam, the side wall of the guide rail and the inner wall of the guide groove are provided with quenching layers.

Because relative friction exists between the ball and the guide groove and between the outer edge of the cam and the side wall of the guide rail, a quenching layer is arranged on the corresponding contact surface to enhance the wear resistance of the corresponding contact surface and prolong the service life of the corresponding part.

Furthermore, the outer wall of the air bag is corrugated, and the corrugated grains are arranged along the axial direction of the air bag.

The outer wall of the air bag is corrugated, so that the shape of the outer wall of the air bag is more stable, and the phenomenon that the rotation of a rotating shaft is influenced because the air bag is easily deformed when contacting with a sliding block or a guide rail to cause that the rotation of a cam is influenced so that the automatic compensation effect is reduced is prevented; the corrugated grains are arranged along the axial direction of the air bag, so that the air bag has larger contact area when being contacted with the side wall of the guide rail, and the air bag can be stressed more rapidly to rotate.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a middle portion of a slider of an embodiment of a flat bed with a self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the flat bed with a self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure of the present invention taken along the middle of the slider.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a guide rail 1, a sliding block 2, a vertical frame 3, a rotating shaft 4, a cam 5, a sleeve 6, an air bag 7, a universal ball 8, a guide groove 9, a plastic rod 10 and canvas 11.

Example one

The embodiment I is basically as shown in figure 1, the flat bed body with the self-compensating guide rail clearance adjusting structure comprises a guide rail 1 and a sliding block 2 connected with the guide rail 1 in a sliding way, and the specific connection mode of the guide rail 1 and the sliding block 2 is as follows: guide rail 1 wholly is the type of falling T, and its two lateral walls all lean out, and open the bottom of slider 2 has the recess, the inner wall of recess and two lateral walls of guide rail 1 looks adaptations.

As shown in fig. 1, there is the clearance between the lateral wall of guide rail 1 and the inner wall of slider 2, the top surface of guide rail 1 and the bottom terminal surface of the 2 recess of slider, be equipped with adjustment mechanism in the clearance, adjustment mechanism includes grudging post 3, pivot 4, cam 5 and driving piece, grudging post 3 passes through screw fixed connection in the bottom terminal surface of the 2 recess of slider, pivot 4 passes through the universal shaft and rotates the bottom of connecting in grudging post 3, pivot 4 and the 3 junction of grudging post pass through screw fixed connection sleeve 6, it can make pivot 4 only rotate and can't rotate along pivot 4 and grudging post 3 tie point along self center pin to set up sleeve 6.

The number of the rotating shafts 4 is two, and the two rotating shafts 4 are symmetrically arranged along the vertical central line of the guide rail 1 in the figure 1; driving piece fixed connection is at the middle part of pivot 4, in this embodiment, the driving piece includes gasbag 7, gasbag 7 is cylindricly, gasbag 7 is through bonding mode and 4 coaxial fixed connection of pivot, one side of the outer wall of gasbag 7 offsets with the inner wall of slider 2, the opposite side offsets with the lateral wall of guide rail 1, when slider 2 and guide rail 1 take place relative motion, because all there is the trend of relative motion between 7 outer walls of gasbag and slider 2 and the guide rail 1, make gasbag 7 receive frictional force, gasbag 7 transmits frictional force for pivot 4, thereby make pivot 4 take place to rotate. The side surface of the air bag 7 is corrugated in order to provide the air bag 7 with good deformation resistance, and the corrugation is arranged along the axial direction of the air bag 7 in order to make the air bag 7 sufficiently contact with the side wall of the guide rail 1.

The cam 5 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 4 through a flat key, the far end of the cam 5 can just contact with the side wall of the guide rail 1 when the cam 5 rotates along with the rotating shaft 4 when the sliding block 2 and the guide rail 1 move relatively, the far end of the cam 5 can contact with the side wall of the guide rail 1 once when the cam 5 rotates for one circle, if the sliding block 2 slides on the guide rail 1 and the gap between the guide rail 1 and the sliding block 2 deviates, if the sliding block 2 deviates to one side of the guide rail 1, the cam 5 on the side rotating shaft 4 can tightly abut against the side wall of the guide rail 1, the guide rail 1 has a reverse acting force to the cam 5, the cam 5 transmits the reverse acting force to the sliding block 2 through the rotating shaft 4 and the stand 3, so that the sliding block 2 is pushed to the position normally matched with the guide rail 1, thereby realizing the automatic compensation of the gap between the guide rail 1 and the sliding block 2, the guide rail 1 and the slide block 2 are always in a normal matching state, and finally the machining precision of the machine tool is guaranteed.

As shown in fig. 1, two cams 5 are arranged on the same rotating shaft 4, the two cams 5 are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the air bag 7, and the two cams 5 are arranged in a staggered manner, that is, when the distal end of one cam 5 of the two cams 5 contacts with the side wall of the guide rail 1, the distance from the distal end of the other cam 5 to the side wall of the guide rail 1 is the largest. The two cams 5 are arranged for increasing the contact points of the side walls of the guide rail 1, which can be acted by the cams 5, and avoiding serious abrasion between the cams 5 and the side walls of the guide rail 1 caused by only adjusting the sliding block 2 by one cam 5, and after the two cams 5 are arranged, the abrasion at the same position is reduced, so that the service lives of the cams 5 and the guide rail 1 are prolonged; the purpose of arranging the two cams 5 in a staggered manner is to make the adjustment of the slider 2 more stable, because the time for each cam 5 to contact with the side wall of the guide rail 1 is limited, although in practical use, the rotating speed of the cam 5 is high, the adjusting effect of the cam 5 on the slider 2 is not greatly influenced, but when the outer edge of the cam 5 is not in contact with the side wall of the guide rail 1, the adjustment of the slider 2 cannot be realized, and the position accuracy of the slider 2 and the guide rail 1 is also influenced, therefore, the number of the cams 5 is two, and the two cams 5 are arranged in a staggered manner, when the far end of one cam 5 rotates to the farthest distance from the side wall of the guide rail 1, the other cam 5 can adjust the slider 2, so that in one period of rotation of the rotating shaft 4, the slider 2 is adjusted twice by the cam 5, and the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 4 is high, the slider 2 can be smoothly adjusted.

For the convenience of slider 2 can smoothly slide on guide rail 1, the bottom of grudging post 3 is equipped with support piece, support piece is including rotating the universal ball 8 of connecting in grudging post 3 bottom in this embodiment, and simultaneously, be equipped with on the top of guide rail 1 with universal ball 8 complex guide way 9, universal ball 8 is when following slider 2 and slide, be rolling friction between universal ball 8 and the guide way 9, its frictional force is very little, make the wearing and tearing of universal ball 8 and guide rail 1 reduce, be favorable to guaranteeing slider 2 and guide rail 1 complex precision, make the machining precision obtain guaranteeing.

Meanwhile, in order to reduce the influence of frictional wear on the processing precision, quenching layers are arranged on the outer edge of the cam 5, the side wall of the guide rail 1, the inner wall of the guide groove 9 and the outer surface of the universal ball 8, so that the wear resistance of corresponding friction surfaces is enhanced, the service life of each part is prolonged, errors caused by wear are reduced, and the processing precision is guaranteed.

The specific implementation process is as follows:

when slider 2 slided on guide rail 1, slider 2 drives the motion of grudging post 3, grudging post 3 drives the 4 translations of pivot of fixed connection with it, pivot 4 drives gasbag 7 and removes together, because gasbag 7 offsets with the lateral wall of guide rail 1, guide rail 1 lateral wall produces relative motion with gasbag 7, gasbag 7 revolutes 4 rotations of pivot under the frictional force effect of guide rail 1, drive cam 5 when pivot 4 rotates and rotate, make cam 5 contact with the inner wall of guide rail 1, pivot 4 rotates a week for every turn, can make guide rail 1 receive 5 twice effects of cam.

If the clearance between the slide block 2 and the guide rail 1 has deviation, the guide rail 1 can receive the thrust of the cam 5, and the guide rail 1 is fixed, so the guide rail 1 keeps static and the guide rail 1 can generate a reverse acting force to the cam 5, the reverse acting force acts on the slide block 2 through the transmission of the rotating shaft 4 and the stand 3, the slide block 2 is forced to be pushed to the position where the slide block 2 is normally matched with the guide rail 1, and the automatic compensation of the clearance between the slide block 2 and the guide rail 1 is realized.

Example two

The second embodiment is basically as shown in fig. 2, and the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that: the driving piece is a plastic rod 10 made of POM materials, canvas 11 is bonded on the outer wall of the plastic rod 10, and the plastic rod 10 made of POM materials is very wear-resistant and not easy to deform, so that a certain support can be provided for 2-degree movement of the sliding block; canvas 11 has great coefficient of friction and stronger wearability, and when slider 2 and guide rail 1 relative motion, canvas 11 can make pivot 4 rotate fast, makes the processing of lathe more accurate.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures or characteristics of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. Flat bed with self compensating formula guide rail clearance adjustment structure, including guide rail and sliding connection slider on the guide rail, its characterized in that: a gap exists between the guide rail and the sliding block, and an adjusting mechanism is arranged in the gap between the guide rail and the sliding block; the adjusting mechanism comprises a vertical frame, rotating shafts, cams and a driving piece, the vertical frame is fixedly connected to the end face of the bottom of the sliding block, the rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the vertical frame along the central axis direction of the rotating shafts, the number of the rotating shafts is at least two, and the rotating shafts are distributed on two sides of the guide rail; the driving piece is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, one side wall of the driving piece is abutted against the side wall of the guide rail, a gap is reserved between the other side wall of the driving piece and the inner wall of the sliding block, the driving piece comprises a cylindrical air bag, and the air bag and the rotating shaft are coaxially arranged; the cam is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the far end of the cam can abut against the side wall of the guide rail.

2. The flat bed with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the cams on the same rotating shaft is at least two.

3. The flat bed with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure according to claim 2, wherein: the cams on the same rotating shaft are arranged in a staggered manner.

4. The flat bed with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure according to claim 3, wherein: the driving piece is located the middle part of the rotating shaft, and the cams are uniformly distributed at two ends of the driving piece.

5. The flat bed with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure according to claim 1, wherein: and a supporting piece is arranged between the guide rail and the sliding block.

6. The flat bed with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure according to claim 5, wherein: the support piece comprises a ball, and the ball is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the vertical frame.

7. The flat bed with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure according to claim 6, wherein: the upper end of the guide rail is provided with a guide groove matched with the ball.

8. The flat bed with self-compensating guide rail clearance adjustment structure according to claim 7, wherein: and quenching layers are arranged on the outer surface of the ball, the outer edge of the cam, the side wall of the guide rail and the inner wall of the guide groove.

9. The flat bed with the self-compensating guide rail clearance adjusting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the outer wall of the air bag is corrugated, and the corrugated grains are arranged along the axial direction of the air bag.