CN110087293A - A kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method - Google Patents
A kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0251—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity
- H04W52/0258—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of local events, e.g. events related to user activity controlling an operation mode according to history or models of usage information, e.g. activity schedule or time of day
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of low energy consumption distributed events to detect wireless sensor network construction method, belongs to technology of wireless sensing network field, comprising steps of S1: corresponding model is established for different event, accurately to portray detection performance；S2: distributed event detection algorithm and optimization method are proposed；S3: the distributed dynamic support method of detection service quality is proposed；S4: highly reliable event transmission method under the conditions of dynamic dormancy is proposed.A kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method provided by the invention forms several basic theories of wireless sensor network low energy consumption distributed event detection, several key technologies of distributed event detection are breached, are made contributions for wireless sensor network functionization with industrialized development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technology of wireless sensing network fields, and in particular to a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection is wireless to be passed
Feel network establishing method.
Background technique
Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN) be currently be concerned in the world,
It is related to the highly integrated forward position focus research field of multidisciplinary height intersection, knowledge.Sensor technology, MEMS, modern times
The progress of the technologies such as network and wireless communication, has pushed the generation and development of modern wireless sensor network.Wireless sensor network
Network extends people's information obtaining ability, together with transmission network connection by the physical message of objective world, in next generation network
Most direct, most effective, most true information will be provided in network for people.
Low-power consumption, low cost, self-organizing, the easily excellent properties such as deployment are presented in wireless sensor network, no matter military or
Civil field all has unlimited wide application prospect, is capable of the every aspect of service society life, be various realistic problems and
Demand provides completely new solution.The application of wireless sensor network can be roughly divided into two major classes: environmental monitoring and event detection.
The various parameters, such as temperature, humidity and illuminance etc. of target environment are concerned about in environmental monitoring application.Node is regularly
It acquires environmental information and reports to base station, the example of application has the research of wild animal habitat and volcano monitoring etc..Event detection
Using the generation for then paying close attention to anomalous event, event is an anomalous variation in environment, and example has fire, gas leakage, pollution
Excretion etc..Different from environmental monitoring, the main task of event detecting sensor network is the generation of capture event and reports to net
Network base station.Counter-measure can be taken in time after user learns that anomalous event occurs, and prevent that serious harm occurs.Event inspection
Surveying typically application includes forest fire prevention, environmental pollution prevention and control and battlefield security monitoring etc..
For the event detection for realizing low-energy-consumption high-efficiency, the design and realization of wireless sensor network encounter many new problems
And challenge.Firstly, event has many characteristics, such as randomness, unpredictability, event possibly is present at arbitrarily in target area
Point occurs at any time.Second, event has differences in real world, and different characteristics is presented.Third, event have dynamic
State property, the attribute of event may dynamic changes at any time.4th, the design of wireless sensor network must realize low energy consumption,
Permanently effective detection is implemented in realization to target area.Finally, wireless sensor network often uses dense deployment, redundancy to launch
Strategy, how management node redundancy, handle high-density deployment, and newly propose one big challenge.
Therefore, how to construct a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network is one of emphasis and difficulty
Point.
Summary of the invention
For solve the problems, such as it is above-mentioned at least one, the present invention provides: a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detects wireless sensing
Network establishing method, comprising steps of
S0: analyzing different event and concluded, to obtain general character and difference therein；
S1: establishing corresponding model for different event, accurately to portray detection performance；
S2: distributed event detection algorithm and optimization method are proposed；
S3: the distributed dynamic support method of detection service quality is proposed；
S4: highly reliable event transmission method under the conditions of dynamic dormancy is proposed；
S5: by test platform, actual verification and performance evaluation are carried out to theoretical analysis result and designed algorithm.
Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes step:
S11: it is directed to different event, establishes corresponding event model, detection model and sensor network system model；
S12: the relationship between detection performance and key system perameter is disclosed；
S13: the relationship between detection performance and system energy consumption is disclosed；
The step S2 specifically includes step:
S21: analysis is in given influence of the energy consumption condition lower node wakeup schedule to detection performance；
S22: the complexity of optimal wakeup schedule is studied；
S23: distributed optimization algorithm is designed to determine the wake-up moment of node；
S24: the detection performance of optimization system；
The step S3 specifically includes step:
S31: event detection service quality is defined；
S32: the support method of Distributed Detection service quality is proposed；
S33: the service quality of sensor network is dynamically maintained；
The step S4 specifically: according to the dynamic dormancy of node, design for event detection data transmission method with
Realize that the highly reliable event of high energy efficiency transmits service.
Preferably, attribute contained by the event model in the step S11 includes space attribute and time attribute, described
Space attribute includes physics size, covering pattern and distribution character, and the time attribute includes duration and Annual distribution.
Preferably, the method for the physics size of event is determined are as follows: unite by the historical data to the event
Meter analysis derives the probability-distribution function of the event size using the method for parameter Estimation to be used to indicate that the physics is big
It is small.
Preferably, the method for the covering pattern of event is determined are as follows: the complexity for analyzing the event, according to complexity
Degree uses corresponding shape to be used to indicate the covering pattern.
Preferably, the method for the distribution character of event is determined are as follows: be used to using dimensional probability distribution function to event E
Indicate the distribution character, wherein dimensional probability distribution function of the event E in the A of target area are as follows:
fE(x, y), (x, y) ∈ A, ∫ ∫ fE(x, y) dxdy=1.
Preferably, the method for the duration of event is determined are as follows: pass through the statistics of the historical data to the event
Analysis derives the probability-distribution function of duration to be used to indicate the duration.
Preferably, the method for the Annual distribution of event is determined are as follows: when using Poisson process to be used to indicate described
Between be distributed.
Preferably, the step S23 specifically: use distributed heuristic, make node when determining the wake-up moment
With neighbouring node switching information, the wake-up moment of itself is adjusted, dynamically on the basis of learning the neighbouring moment equably to divide
The wake-up moment of cloth adjacent node；
The step S32 specifically: enliven probability in system initialization posterior nodal point selection preset polymerization, changed by distribution
The method in generation, the node gradually decrease polymerization and enliven probability, so that it is determined that the polymerization at this time enlivens and divides corresponding to probability
Cloth support method.
Preferably, the polymerization enlivens probability and enlivens probability greater than minimum polymerization, wherein the polymerization enlivens determining for probability
Justice are as follows: default node is in the probability in effective monitoring distance of at least one live-vertex.
A kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method provided by the invention forms wireless biography
Several basic theories for feeling the detection of network low energy consumption distributed event breach several key technologies of distributed event detection,
It makes contributions for wireless sensor network functionization with industrialized development.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention without any creative labor, may be used also for those of ordinary skill in the art
To obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method flow chart provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method specific steps provided by the invention
Flow chart；
Fig. 3 is a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method specific steps provided by the invention
Flow chart；
Fig. 4 is a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method specific steps provided by the invention
Flow chart；
Fig. 5 is tree-shaped in a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method provided by the invention
Structure interior joint hierarchy chart.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, With reference to embodiment and join
According to attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit this hair
Bright range.In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted, to avoid this is unnecessarily obscured
The concept of invention.
Picture 1-4, the present invention provides a kind of low energy consumption distributed events to detect wireless sensor network construction method, below
Specifically this construction method is described in detail in conjunction with Fig. 1-4.
Step S0: analyzing different event and concluded, to obtain general character and difference therein；
Specifically, by being analyzed different event and being concluded, the formation mechenism and the form of expression of event are analyzed, therefrom
General character and difference are extracted, these general character summary is chosen, while being recorded for unique difference of specific event, thus
Reduce the sorted generalization workload and difficulty to all events.It can be pressed in the present embodiment using modes such as big data analysis
Taxonomic revision is carried out to all events according to the various classification foundations such as time, place, naturally it is also possible to use other methods, herein not
It repeats again.
Step S1: establishing corresponding model for different event, accurately to portray detection performance；Specifically, including following steps
It is rapid:
S11: it is directed to different event, establishes corresponding event model, detection model and sensor network system model；
S12: the relationship between detection performance and key system perameter is disclosed；
S13: the relationship between detection performance and system energy consumption is disclosed.
In this step, detailed process is as follows:
To indicate that the event model of event need to embody the important attribute of event, including two attribute of room and time.Its
In, space attribute includes physics size, covering pattern and distribution character etc..Physics size can pass through the historical data to event
Statistical analysis, indicated using the probability-distribution function that the method for parameter Estimation derives event size；The covering pattern of event
It can be indicated with corresponding shape, such as simple event can be indicated with point model, and slightly complicated event can be used
Disk model indicates, and more complicated event indicates with specific shape；And the distribution character of event can two dimension
Probability-distribution function indicates, specifically, dimensional probability distribution function of the event E in the A of target area are as follows:
Time attribute includes duration and Annual distribution etc..Wherein, the duration can pass through the history number to event
According to statistical analysis, derive the probability-distribution function of duration be used to indicate the duration；And the Annual distribution of event can
To be indicated with Poisson (Poison) process.
The factor for influencing detection performance includes event attribute, detection model and waking up nodes arrangement etc..
Event is portrayed with particle form first, sensor node distribution at this time follows typically to be uniformly distributed at random.It is first false
If the wakeup schedule of node is independent random, if node total number is n, the detecting distance of node is r, system can be obtained through analysis
Average detected time delay:
When the duration of event being less than wake-up period, event may not be able to be detected.If the duration of event is
d.Since target area can have loophole, i.e., no any node can cover these regions, remove such factor, then detection probability
It is:
υ (d)=Pr e is detected | e is covered }.
Assuming that it is Y that the detection collection size of e, which is X, detection node number, then detection probability are as follows:
υ (d)=1-Pr Y=0 | X >=1 }
=1- (1-d π r2/τcycle)n+(1-πr2)n。
And the energy consumption of sensor node is mainly from three modules, i.e. processor, perception device and telecommunication circuit, if energy consumption
It is respectively as follows: ρP,、ρS, and ρR.Energy consumption model based on system can obtain the relationship between detection performance and working life.Assuming that
Original state energy is E, and the duty cycle of perception device and communication module is distributed as δ and ψ, then the working life of system are as follows:
In conjunction with the theoretical equation of the detection probability and detection time delay that have obtained, exists between detection performance and working life and close
System is:
Wherein
With
T (υ)=E (ψ × (ρR+ρP)+θ(υ))-1, wherein
When being related to more event attributes (such as event coverage size), Node distribution, detection model, detection property
Difference can be had, at this time can correction analysis method obtain more accurate performance evaluation.
Step S2: distributed event detection algorithm and optimization method are proposed；
Specifically, include the following steps:
S21: analysis is in given influence of the energy consumption condition lower node wakeup schedule to detection performance；
S22: the complexity of optimal wakeup schedule is studied；
S23: distributed optimization algorithm is designed to determine the wake-up moment of node；
S24: the detection performance of optimization system；
In this step, detailed process is as follows:
Under conditions of given horsepower requirements, if target area F is deployed with n node, S={ 1,2,3 ..., n }, node i
Position be (xi,yi)；Examine or check point p (xp,yp) detection time delay L (xp,yp), note detection integrates as U (xp,yp), then the inspection at the point
Survey time delay are as follows:
Wherein k=| U (xp,yp) |, set U (xp,yp) interior nodes the wake-up moment sequence after be wp1,wp2,wp3,…,wpk。
Ground point set: P={ 1,2,3,4 ..., m }, the target of system are to optimize the detection time delay in m place in region, then
Detection performance optimization can be described as following constrained optimization problem:
Research has shown that above-mentioned optimization problem is NP complete.
It when n and m very big, solves the optimization problem and is considered as distributed heuristic, i.e., as far as possible uniformly
The wake-up moment of ground distribution adjacent node, it is desirable that node, with neighbouring node switching information, is being learnt when determining the wake-up moment
The wake-up moment of oneself is dynamically adjusted on the basis of neighbours' moment.
Step S3: the distributed dynamic support method of detection service quality is proposed；
Specifically, include the following steps:
S31: event detection service quality is defined；
S32: the support method of Distributed Detection service quality is proposed；
S33: the service quality of sensor network is dynamically maintained；
In this step, detailed process is as follows:
For the event detection of target location, service quality is defined as the detection probability and detection time delay in the place.Inspection
The service quality for surveying time delay sets the soft upper bound: highest upper delay DL is given, by cumulative distribution function (Cumulative
Distribution Function) it portrays completely, event detection time delay is less than DL.
Definition: if following condition is set up, random delay D1 is less than D2, is denoted as D1≤D2,
F () is cumulative distribution function.
User gives the target of service quality: detection probability lower limit υ 0 and detection delay upper bound L0.For an event model
It is proposed whether a set of method based on probability namely node have reached service according to the given place of the index of localization judgement
Quality objective.Node be in active state be it is several forthright, the probability parameter of node i is denoted as δ i, then in a dormant state general
Rate is 1- δ i.
Definition polymerization enlivens probability (Aggregate Activity): it is at the point that the polymerization of place q, which enlivens definition of probability,
Probability in effective detecting distance of at least one live-vertex.
When enlivening probability and not changing over time, probability is enlivened according to the polymerization that definition can calculate place q:
Wherein S (q) is the detection collection of q.
After having polymerization to enliven the definition of probability, the detection quality of place q can be enlivened probability expression by polymerization.If event
The duration of e is τ e, then detection probability is enlivened probability and be may be expressed as: to polymerize
Detection time delay enlivens probability and may be expressed as: L to polymerizee=M × τ0, wherein M is the when slot number before detection, and M is random
Variable.In conjunction with the probability-distribution function of M, the probability-distribution function of time delay can be obtained:
Pr{Le=d }=[1- φ (pe)]kφ(pe), wherein k=d/ τ0。
In conclusion the smallest polymerization, which can be calculated, by minimum detection probability and longest detection time delay enlivens probability φ0:
υe=f (φ (qe))≥υ0；Le=g (φ (qe))≤L0。
Thus, service quality can be met to meet detection probability and time delay, it need to guarantee that polymerization enlivens probability and is greater than
φ0。
Distributed support method is gradually to determine the probability that enlivens of oneself by the information exchange between node, namely be
System initialization with posterior nodal point select one it is biggish, conservative enliven probability, then by way of distributed iterative, node by
Step reduces and enlivens probability, but guarantees that minimum polymerization enlivens probability simultaneously.
Step S4: highly reliable event transmission method under the conditions of dynamic dormancy is proposed；
The data transmission of event detection will include the design requirements such as low energy consumption, transmission reliability and timeliness, can specifically divide
For in real time using with non real-time application: in real-time application, propagation delay time should be as small as possible the timeliness to guarantee transmission；In non-reality
In Shi Yingyong, the energy consumption of node should be minimized to extend the working life of system using tolerable time delay.
It, can be using proactive by (Proactive in order to shorten propagation delay time as far as possible in real-time application
Routing).As shown in figure 5, establishing tree in a network, base station is tree root.Divide the time into equally spaced frame, time slot
Distribution and the wakeup schedule of node need to follow following principle:
1) the reception time slot of father node is aligned with the transmission time slot of child node.Guarantee child node father when sending data in this way
Node can receive the data of child node in time；
2) the transmission time slot of father node should with the transmission time slot of child node as close as possible to.Event is since source node along tree
Path can be transmitted to base-station node as soon as possible；
3) the transmission time slot of node should be staggered with the reception time slot of the neighbor node in addition to father node.Farthest
The conflict of wireless transmission is reduced, while can be combined with Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) method, before data transmission starts,
Channel is checked to avoid data transmission in progress；
If 4) do not receive data, node should enter dormant state in subsequent transmission time slot.
It, can be using reaction equation routing (Reactive Routing) in non real-time application.Each node is located usually
In sleep for electricity saving state, but needs to intermittently enter reception state monitor channel and check whether new data transfer demands.When
After source node detects event, by sending long targeting signal (Preamble Signal) in channel, neighbours are waken up to complete
Data transmitting.
Due to the unreliability of wireless transmission and the dynamic of sensor node, data are easily lost in transmission process.
For the reliable transmission for realizing event data, reliability enhancement measures must be taken.The machine of prepare more part transmission can be used in the present embodiment
System uses multiple separate backup simultaneous transmissions when transmitting event data.
In addition, must also be in conjunction with the suspend mode arrangement of perception device, as far as possible by the work of the two when arranging telecommunication circuit dormant state
Make moment arrangement together, to reduce the whole energy consumption of node system.That is, design is directed to thing according to the dynamic dormancy of node
The data transmission method of part detection is to realize the highly reliable event transmission service of high energy efficiency.
Step S5: by test platform, actual verification and performance point are carried out to theoretical analysis result and designed algorithm
Analysis；
Specifically, namely analog simulation platform appropriate, including MATLAB numerical value meter will be selected according to different demands
The emulator of platform, TOSSIM, NS2 and independent development is calculated, one side proof theory analyzes the science and accuracy of result；
Another party studies the algorithm performance under the conditions of large scale network.
In the present embodiment, the wireless sensor network prototype of about 100 nodes can be established on the basis of analog simulation
System realizes the various algorithms in the present invention, and on true wireless sensor network test platform, research algorithm is true complicated
Under the conditions of performance and adaptability, find out there may be the problem of, and propose corresponding countermeasure.
A kind of low energy consumption distributed event detection wireless sensor network construction method provided by the invention forms wireless biography
Several basic theories for feeling the detection of network low energy consumption distributed event breach several key technologies of distributed event detection,
It makes contributions for wireless sensor network functionization with industrialized development.
It should be understood that above-mentioned specific embodiment of the invention is used only for exemplary illustration or explains of the invention
Principle, but not to limit the present invention.Therefore, that is done without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention is any
Modification, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.In addition, appended claims purport of the present invention
Covering the whole variations fallen into attached claim scope and boundary or this range and the equivalent form on boundary and is repairing
Change example.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of low energy consumption distributed event detects wireless sensor network construction method, which is characterized in that comprising steps of
S0: analyzing different event and concluded, to obtain general character and difference therein；
S1: establishing corresponding model for different event, accurately to portray detection performance；
S2: distributed event detection algorithm and optimization method are proposed；
S3: the distributed dynamic support method of detection service quality is proposed；
S4: highly reliable event transmission method under the conditions of dynamic dormancy is proposed；
S5: by test platform, actual verification and performance evaluation are carried out to theoretical analysis result and designed algorithm.
2. construction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S1 specifically includes step:
S11: it is directed to different event, establishes corresponding event model, detection model and sensor network system model；
S12: the relationship between detection performance and key system perameter is disclosed；
S13: the relationship between detection performance and system energy consumption is disclosed；
The step S2 specifically includes step:
S21: analysis is in given influence of the energy consumption condition lower node wakeup schedule to detection performance；
S22: the complexity of optimal wakeup schedule is studied；
S23: distributed optimization algorithm is designed to determine the wake-up moment of node；
S24: the detection performance of optimization system；
The step S3 specifically includes step:
S31: event detection service quality is defined；
S32: the support method of Distributed Detection service quality is proposed；
S33: the service quality of sensor network is dynamically maintained；
The step S4 specifically: according to the dynamic dormancy of node, design is directed to the data transmission method of event detection to realize
The highly reliable event of high energy efficiency transmits service.
3. construction method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that contained by the event model in the step S11
Attribute includes space attribute and time attribute, and the space attribute includes physics size, covering pattern and distribution character, when described
Between attribute include duration and Annual distribution.
4. construction method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the method for determining the physics size of event are as follows:
It is for statistical analysis by the historical data to the event, the probability of the event size is derived using the method for parameter Estimation
Distribution function is to be used to indicate the physics size.
5. construction method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the method for determining the covering pattern of event are as follows:
The complexity for analyzing the event uses corresponding shape according to complexity to be used to indicate the covering mould
Formula.
6. construction method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the method for determining the distribution character of event are as follows:
It is used to indicate the distribution character using dimensional probability distribution function to event E, wherein the event E is in the A of target area
Dimensional probability distribution function are as follows:
7. construction method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the method for determining the duration of event are as follows:
By the statistical analysis of the historical data to the event, the probability-distribution function of duration is derived to be used to indicate described
Duration.
8. construction method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the method for determining the Annual distribution of event are as follows:
Poisson process is used to be used to indicate the Annual distribution.
9. construction method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the step S23 specifically: inspired using distributed
Formula algorithm makes node when determining the wake-up moment with neighbouring node switching information, dynamic on the basis of learning the neighbouring moment
The wake-up moment of itself is adjusted, to be evenly distributed the wake-up moment of adjacent node；
The step S32 specifically: enliven probability in system initialization posterior nodal point selection preset polymerization, pass through distributed iterative
Method, the node gradually decrease polymerization and enliven probability, so that it is determined that the polymerization enlivens distribution corresponding to probability at this time
Support method.
10. construction method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the polymerization enlivens probability and is greater than minimum polymerization work
Jump probability, wherein the polymerization enlivens probability is defined as: default node be at least one live-vertex it is effective monitor away from
From interior probability.
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| CN114218610B (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-02-14 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Multi-dense block detection and extraction method based on Possion distribution |
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