CN110087004B - Monochromatic polarization type CIS, image processing method and storage medium - Google Patents
Monochromatic polarization type CIS, image processing method and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN110087004B CN110087004B CN201910330446.3A CN201910330446A CN110087004B CN 110087004 B CN110087004 B CN 110087004B CN 201910330446 A CN201910330446 A CN 201910330446A CN 110087004 B CN110087004 B CN 110087004B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/75—Circuitry for providing, modifying or processing image signals from the pixel array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
- H04N25/772—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components comprising A/D, V/T, V/F, I/T or I/F converters
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a monochrome polarization type CIS, an image processing method and a storage medium, wherein the monochrome polarization type CIS comprises: the device comprises sub-wavelength pixel units, a light source unit and a light source unit, wherein the sub-wavelength pixel units are arranged in a preset direction and used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in the preset direction of an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength by utilizing a PD column; and the image processor is connected with the sub-wavelength pixel unit and used for determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light and obtaining a polarization image corresponding to the imaging light signal based on the polarization information.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of image processing, and in particular, to a monochrome polarization CIS, an image processing method, and a storage medium.
Background
A Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Image Sensor (CIS) has the characteristics of high integration level, low power consumption, high speed, low cost, and the like, and is widely applied to high-resolution pixel products. The CIS includes two forms of monochrome polarization and color polarization, and since the monochrome polarization does not require a color process at a later stage, the imaging efficiency of the monochrome polarization is higher than that of the color polarization, and thus the monochrome polarization is more widely used in practice.
The structure of the existing monochrome polarization CIS is shown in fig. 1, and includes a microlens array, a polarizer array and a pixel array, where each pixel includes a Photodiode (PD) structure, a polarizer with an angle is placed on the PD structure, four polarizers with different angles are respectively placed on every four pixels, every four pixels are used as a calculation unit, the polarization degree and the polarization direction are calculated through the association between the polarizers with different directions, and then a polarization image is obtained according to the polarization degree and the polarization direction.
However, the existing monochrome polarization CIS requires four polarizing plates of different angles to be placed on four PD columns, where each pixel can only absorb polarized light of one angle, and when the wavelength of an imaging optical signal is less than the sum of the wavelengths of four pixels, the quantum efficiency of the monochrome polarization CIS is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a monochrome polarization type CIS, an image processing method and a storage medium, and quantum efficiency of the monochrome polarization type CIS can be improved.
The technical scheme of the application is realized as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides a monochrome polarization type CMOS image sensor CIS, which is characterized by comprising:
the device comprises sub-wavelength pixel units, a light source unit and a light source unit, wherein the sub-wavelength pixel units are arranged in a preset direction and used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in the preset direction of an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength by utilizing a PD column;
and the image processor is connected with the sub-wavelength pixel unit and used for determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light and obtaining a polarization image corresponding to the imaging optical signal based on the polarization information.
In the monochromatic polarization CIS, the pixel size of the sub-wavelength pixel unit is smaller than the preset wavelength.
In the above monochromatic polarized CIS, the size of the PD column is determined based on the monochromatic resonance wavelength and the refractive index of the imaging optical signal, and the shape of the PD column includes at least a rectangle, a circle, a parallelogram, and a rhombus.
In the monochrome polarization CIS, the PD columns have a dimension measurement order of hundreds nanometers, and at least one PD column arranged in the preset direction has the same size and shape.
In the above monochrome polarized CIS, the preset directions include at least 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 135 degrees.
In the above-described monochrome polarizing CIS, the monochrome polarizing CIS further includes: a readout circuit connected to the at least one PD pillar, the readout circuit connected to the image processor;
the at least one PD column is specifically used for converting the RGB monochromatic light into an electric signal in the preset direction;
the readout circuit is used for converting the electric signal in the preset direction into a digital signal to obtain RAW data and transmitting the RAW data to the image processor;
the image processor is specifically configured to correlate the RAW data in a preset correlation manner to obtain a polarization degree and a polarization direction, use the polarization degree and the polarization direction as the polarization information, and obtain the polarization image according to the polarization information.
In the above-described monochrome polarizing CIS, the monochrome polarizing CIS further includes: a lens unit connected to the sub-wavelength pixel unit;
the lens unit is used for focusing the imaging optical signal with the preset wavelength.
The embodiment of the application provides an image processing method, which is applied to a monochromatic polarized CIS, wherein a sub-wavelength pixel unit with at least one PD column arranged in a preset direction is arranged on the monochromatic polarized CIS, and the at least one PD column arranged in the preset direction has the same size and shape, and the method comprises the following steps:
when an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength is obtained, at least one PD column of the sub-wavelength pixel unit is used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in a preset direction of the imaging optical signal;
and determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light, and obtaining a polarization image corresponding to the imaging optical signal based on the polarization information.
In the above method, the determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light includes:
converting the RGB monochromatic light into an electric signal in the preset direction;
converting the electric signal in the preset direction into a digital signal to obtain RAW data;
and associating the RAW data in a preset association mode to obtain the polarization information.
An embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is applied to a monochrome polarization CIS, and is characterized in that when being executed by a processor, the computer program implements the method according to any one of the above items.
The embodiment of the application provides a monochrome polarization type CIS, an image processing method and a storage medium, wherein the monochrome polarization type CIS comprises: the device comprises sub-wavelength pixel units, a light source unit and a light source unit, wherein the sub-wavelength pixel units are arranged in a preset direction and used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in the preset direction of an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength by utilizing a PD column; and the image processor is connected with the sub-wavelength pixel unit and used for determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light and obtaining a polarization image corresponding to the imaging light signal based on the polarization information. By adopting the implementation scheme of the monochromatic polarization CIS, each sub-wavelength pixel unit can absorb monochromatic light polarized at multiple angles, and the wavelength of each sub-wavelength pixel unit is smaller than the preset wavelength of an imaging optical signal, so that the quantum efficiency of the monochromatic polarization CIS is improved; the structure of the PD column can realize optical resonance, the absorption efficiency of the PD column is far higher than that of the traditional PD structure, and the quantum efficiency of the monochromatic polarization type CIS can be further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a monochromatic polarization CIS proposed in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a monochrome polarization CIS provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a PD column layout diagram of an exemplary sub-wavelength pixel cell 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an image processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application. And are not intended to limit the present application.
Example one
The embodiment of the application provides a monochrome polarization complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor CIS1, and as shown in fig. 2, the monochrome polarization CIS1 may include:
the method comprises the following steps that sub-wavelength pixel units 10 of at least one photodiode PD column 100 are arranged in a preset direction, and the sub-wavelength pixel units are used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in the preset direction of an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength by utilizing the PD columns 100;
and the image processor 11 is connected with the sub-wavelength pixel unit 10 and configured to determine polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light, and obtain a polarization image corresponding to the imaging optical signal based on the polarization information.
In the embodiment of the present application, the pixel size of the sub-wavelength pixel unit 10 is smaller than the preset wavelength corresponding to the imaging optical signal; for example, in practical cases, the predetermined wavelength corresponding to the imaging light signal is 400nm, and therefore, the pixel of the sub-wavelength pixel unit 10 is less than or equal to 400 nm.
In this embodiment, at least one PD column is arranged in each sub-wavelength pixel unit 10 along a preset direction, and the plurality of sub-wavelength pixel units 10 form a sub-wavelength pixel array, where the sub-wavelength pixel array may arrange the sub-wavelength pixel units 10 according to a certain arrangement rule, for example: each line of pixel units in the sub-wavelength pixel array correspondingly absorbs one color of RGB, or each line of pixel units in the sub-wavelength pixel array correspondingly absorbs RGB at an angle, which is specifically selected according to the actual situation, and the embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited.
In this embodiment of the present application, in one sub-wavelength pixel unit 10, one PD column may be arranged in each preset direction, or a plurality of PD columns may be arranged in each preset direction, and the number of PD columns arranged in each preset direction may be selected according to actual situations, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
Optionally, the preset direction includes 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, which may be specifically added or deleted according to an actual situation, and the embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited.
In the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, PD columns at a hundred nanometer level are respectively arranged along 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees in each sub-wavelength pixel unit 10, the PD columns arranged at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees respectively absorb RGB monochromatic light polarized at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and each sub-wavelength pixel unit 10 is taken as a calculation unit.
In the embodiment of the present application, in the sub-wavelength pixel unit, the shape and the size of each PD column are the same.
Optionally, the size of the PD column is determined based on the monochromatic resonance wavelength and the refractive index of the imaging optical signal, or obtained through optical simulation, and is specifically selected according to the actual situation, and this embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited.
In the embodiment of the application, the size of the PD column is determined by using the formula (1)
PD column size (resonance wavelength-predetermined constant)/refractive index (1)
Wherein, different monochromatic colors in RGB three primary colors correspond to different resonance wavelengths, and the refractive index is the refractive index of the lens.
In the embodiment of the present application, taking blue light as an example, the corresponding PD column has a length of 90nm and a width of 50 nm.
Optionally, the shape of the PD column at least includes a rectangle, a circle, a parallelogram, and a rhombus, which is specifically selected according to the actual situation, and the embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited.
In the embodiment of the application, the monochromatic polarization CIS realizes the resonant absorption of monochromatic light polarized in the preset direction by using the optical resonance of the PD column.
In an embodiment of the present application, the monochrome polarization CIS further includes: and the readout circuit is connected with the at least one PD column and is connected with the image processor.
In the embodiment of the application, after the at least one PD column in the preset direction absorbs the corresponding RGB monochromatic light in the preset direction, the at least one PD column in the preset direction converts the corresponding RGB monochromatic light in the preset direction into an electrical signal in the preset direction, and transmits the electrical signal in the preset direction to the readout circuit, and the readout circuit converts the electrical signal in the preset direction into a digital signal to obtain RAW data and transmits the RAW data to the image processor; the image processor correlates the RAW data in a preset correlation mode to obtain a polarization degree and a polarization direction, the polarization degree and the polarization direction are used as polarization information, and a polarization image is obtained according to the polarization information.
In the embodiment of the present application, the readout circuit converts the electrical signal in the preset direction into a Digital signal by using an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC).
In this application embodiment, predetermine the associated mode and can be the mode of vector addition, the reading circuit carries out the vector addition through the signal of telecommunication with predetermineeing the direction, and then obtains the polarization degree and the polarization direction of formation of image light signal, and later, the reading circuit filters the reflected light and the transmitted light of different polarization, and then determines the material attribute of shooting the object, can provide clearer image from this.
It should be noted that the corresponding polarization angle to be imaged in the polarization image may be any angle, and the image processor maps the RAW data into the polarization image by mapping the polarization angle into polarization information to be imaged.
In an embodiment of the present application, the monochrome polarization CIS further includes: a lens unit connected to the sub-wavelength pixel unit; and the lens unit is used for focusing the imaging optical signal with the preset wavelength.
It should be noted that, because the optical resonance of the PD column can enhance the local light intensity, the lens unit is not an essential part in the monochrome polarization CIS in the embodiment of the present application, and whether to add the lens unit in the monochrome polarization CIS is specifically selected according to actual situations, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
It can be understood that, in the monochromatic polarization CIS provided by the present application, each sub-wavelength pixel unit can absorb monochromatic light polarized at multiple angles, and the wavelength of the sub-wavelength pixel unit is smaller than the preset wavelength of the imaging optical signal, so that the quantum efficiency of the monochromatic polarization CIS is improved; the structure of the PD column can realize optical resonance, the absorption efficiency of the PD column is far higher than that of the traditional PD structure, and the quantum efficiency of the monochromatic polarization type CIS can be further improved.
Example two
An embodiment of the present application provides an image processing method, which is applied to a monochrome polarization CIS, where the monochrome polarization CIS is provided with a sub-wavelength pixel unit in which at least one PD column is arranged in a preset direction, and the size and shape of the at least one PD column arranged in the preset direction are the same, as shown in fig. 4, the method may include:
s101, when an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength is obtained, at least one PD column of the sub-wavelength pixel unit is used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in a preset direction of the imaging optical signal.
The image processing method provided by the embodiment of the application is suitable for a scene of image processing by using a monochrome polarization type CIS.
In the embodiment of the invention, the monochromatic polarization CIS absorbs the RGB monochromatic light polarized in the preset direction by using at least one PD column of the sub-wavelength pixel unit, wherein the preset direction includes 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, each sub-wavelength pixel unit is provided with a PD column in the preset direction, and the PD columns in the preset direction resonate and absorb the RGB monochromatic light in the preset direction respectively based on the optical resonance of the PD column in the preset direction.
In the embodiment of the present application, the division in the preset direction is not limited to the division form of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and the specific division form may be selected according to the actual situation, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
Optionally, the shape of the PD column at least includes a rectangle, a circle, a parallelogram, and a rhombus, which is specifically selected according to the actual situation, and the embodiment of the present application is not specifically limited.
In the embodiment of the present application, the size of the PD column is determined based on the monochromatic resonance wavelength and the refractive index of the imaging optical signal, or is obtained through optical simulation, and is specifically selected according to the actual situation, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
In the embodiment of the application, the size of the PD column is determined by using the formula (1)
PD column size (resonance wavelength-predetermined constant)/refractive index (1)
Wherein, different monochromatic colors in RGB three primary colors correspond to different resonance wavelengths, and the refractive index is the refractive index of the imaging optical signal.
In the embodiment of the present application, taking blue light as an example, the corresponding PD column has a length of 90nm and a width of 50 nm.
S102, determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light, and obtaining a polarization image corresponding to the imaging light signal based on the polarization information.
After the monochromatic polarization type CIS absorbs the RGB monochromatic light polarized in the preset direction of the imaging optical signal by using the PD column of the sub-wavelength pixel unit, the monochromatic polarization type CIS determines polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light and obtains a polarization image corresponding to the imaging optical signal based on the polarization information.
In the embodiment of the application, the monochromatic polarization CIS converts RGB monochromatic light into an electric signal in a preset direction; and then, the monochrome polarization CIS converts the electric signal in the preset direction into a digital signal to obtain RAW data, and correlates the RAW data in a preset correlation mode to obtain polarization information.
In the embodiment of the application, at least one PD column in the preset direction converts corresponding RGB monochromatic light in the preset direction into an electrical signal in the preset direction, and transmits the electrical signal in the preset direction to the readout circuit, and the readout circuit converts the electrical signal in the preset direction into a digital signal to obtain RAW data and transmits the RAW data to the image processor; the image processor correlates the RAW data in a preset correlation mode to obtain a polarization degree and a polarization direction, the polarization degree and the polarization direction are used as polarization information, and a polarization image is obtained according to the polarization information.
In this application embodiment, predetermine the associated mode and can be the mode of vector addition, the reading circuit carries out the vector addition through the signal of telecommunication with predetermineeing the direction, and then obtains the polarization degree and the polarization direction of formation of image light signal, and later, the reading circuit filters the reflected light and the transmitted light of different polarization, and then determines the material attribute of shooting the object, can provide clearer image from this.
It can be understood that, in the monochromatic polarization CIS provided by the present application, each sub-wavelength pixel unit can absorb monochromatic light polarized at multiple angles, and the wavelength of the sub-wavelength pixel unit is smaller than the preset wavelength of the imaging optical signal, so that the quantum efficiency of the monochromatic polarization CIS is improved; the structure of the PD column can realize optical resonance, the absorption efficiency of the PD column is far higher than that of the traditional PD structure, and the quantum efficiency of the monochromatic polarization type CIS can be further improved.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores one or more programs, the one or more programs are executable by one or more processors and are applied to a monochrome polarization CIS1, and the computer program implements the image processing method according to the second embodiment.
Specifically, the program instructions corresponding to an image processing method in the present embodiment, when read or executed by an electronic device, include the steps of:
when an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength is obtained, at least one PD column of the sub-wavelength pixel unit is used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in a preset direction of the imaging optical signal;
and determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light, and obtaining a polarization image corresponding to the imaging optical signal based on the polarization information.
In an embodiment of the present invention, further, the polarization information is determined by using the RGB monochromatic light, and the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, and specifically implement the following steps:
converting the RGB monochromatic light into an electric signal in the preset direction;
converting the electric signal in the preset direction into a digital signal to obtain RAW data;
and associating the RAW data in a preset association mode to obtain the polarization information.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A monochrome polarizing CMOS Image Sensor (CIS), comprising:
the device comprises sub-wavelength pixel units, a light source unit and a light source unit, wherein the sub-wavelength pixel units are arranged in a preset direction and used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in the preset direction of an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength by utilizing a PD column;
and the image processor is connected with the sub-wavelength pixel unit and used for determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light and obtaining a polarization image corresponding to the imaging optical signal based on the polarization information.
2. The monochrome polarizing CIS of claim 1, wherein the sub-wavelength pixel unit has a pixel size smaller than the preset wavelength.
3. The monochrome polarized CIS of claim 1, wherein the PD pillars are sized based on a resonance wavelength of a monochrome and a refractive index of the imaging light signal, and the shapes of the PD pillars include at least a rectangle, a circle, a parallelogram, and a rhombus.
4. The monochrome polarized CIS according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the PD pillars have a size measurement order of hundreds nanometers, and at least one PD pillar arranged in the predetermined direction has the same size and shape.
5. The monochrome polarizing CIS of claim 1, wherein the preset directions comprise at least 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees.
6. The monochrome polarizing CIS of claim 1, further comprising: a readout circuit connected to the at least one PD pillar, the readout circuit connected to the image processor;
the at least one PD column is specifically used for converting the RGB monochromatic light into an electric signal in the preset direction;
the readout circuit is used for converting the electric signal in the preset direction into a digital signal to obtain RAW data and transmitting the RAW data to the image processor;
the image processor is specifically configured to correlate the RAW data in a preset correlation manner to obtain a polarization degree and a polarization direction, use the polarization degree and the polarization direction as the polarization information, and obtain the polarization image according to the polarization information.
7. The monochrome polarizing CIS of claim 1, further comprising: a lens unit connected to the sub-wavelength pixel unit;
the lens unit is used for focusing the imaging optical signal with the preset wavelength.
8. An image processing method is applied to a monochromatic polarized CIS, wherein sub-wavelength pixel units of at least one PD column arranged in a preset direction are arranged on the monochromatic polarized CIS, and the size and the shape of the at least one PD column arranged in the preset direction are the same, and the method comprises the following steps:
when an imaging optical signal with a preset wavelength is obtained, at least one PD column of the sub-wavelength pixel unit is used for absorbing RGB monochromatic light polarized in a preset direction of the imaging optical signal;
and determining polarization information by using the RGB monochromatic light, and obtaining a polarization image corresponding to the imaging optical signal based on the polarization information.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said determining polarization information using said RGB monochromatic light comprises:
converting the RGB monochromatic light into an electric signal in the preset direction;
converting the electric signal in the preset direction into a digital signal to obtain RAW data;
and associating the RAW data in a preset association mode to obtain the polarization information.
10. A storage medium having stored thereon a computer program for application in a polarized CIS for monochrome, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 8-9.
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CN110505422B (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2022-01-11 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | CIS and terminal |
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CN109565578A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2019-04-02 | 索尼公司 | Check equipment, inspection method and program |
CN109565545A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2019-04-02 | 索尼公司 | Signal handling equipment, signal processing method and program |
CN107644456A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2018-01-30 | 南京理工大学 | Sea-floor relief reconstructing system and method based on polarization characteristics of lasers |
CN108507678A (en) * | 2018-03-01 | 2018-09-07 | 东南大学 | A kind of adjustable ultraphotic spectrum detection chip of phasmon multi-resonant mechanism enhancing |
CN109164529A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-08 | 西北工业大学 | The micro- polarization chip arrays and its imaging device of high sampling rate real-time polarization imaging |
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