CN110082711A - It is a kind of than amplitude ratio phase direction-finding method and device - Google Patents
It is a kind of than amplitude ratio phase direction-finding method and device Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
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- G01S3/28—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
- G01S3/32—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics derived from different combinations of signals from separate antennas, e.g. comparing sum with difference
- G01S3/36—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics derived from different combinations of signals from separate antennas, e.g. comparing sum with difference the separate antennas having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of than amplitude ratio phase direction-finding method and device.The inventive system comprises the first computing unit, the second computing unit, amplitude-comprised direction-finding unit, ambiguity solution unit and Combined estimator units；The method comprise the steps that receiving incoming wave signal using the ratio amplitude ratio phase binary direction finding linear array constructed in advance, the phase difference and amplitude difference that incoming wave signal is received than amplitude ratio phase binary direction finding linear array are obtained；According to phase difference measurement error and amplitude measurement error, phase difference measurement and amplitude aberration measurements are obtained；Using the arrival bearing of amplitude aberration measurements estimation incoming wave signal, the amplitude-comprised direction-finding result of incoming wave signal is obtained；Ambiguity solution processing is carried out to phase difference measurement, obtains the phase difference estimation value of ambiguity solution；The arrival bearing that incoming wave signal is obtained according to phase difference estimation value and amplitude aberration measurements, realizes than amplitude ratio phase direction finding.Technical solution of the present invention can be realized the ratio good fortune of binary direction finding linear array than phase direction finding, and can obtain the direction finding result of degree of precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal arrival angle estimation, in particular to a method and a device for comparing amplitude and phase and measuring direction.
Background
The interferometer direction-finding system is a widely applied direction-finding system, and the binary linear array interferometer is mainly used for one-dimensional angle direction finding within the range of 180 degrees, and is widely applied to one-dimensional angle-finding occasions with low direction-finding precision requirements due to simple principle and convenient realization. However, the length of the base line is generally limited to avoid the ambiguity of the direction finding, which simultaneously limits the improvement of the direction finding precision. On the other hand, due to the limitation of configuration, the direction-finding error of the linear array of the binary interferometer in a specific angle direction is greatly increased, and the direction-finding application in a certain angle range is influenced.
In order to further improve the performance of an interferometer direction-finding system, a magnitude-to-magnitude ratio phase-finding system based on magnitude and phase information at the same time is researched and applied in the year. However, most of the existing research results are directed to a sum-difference single-pulse direction-finding system, and the research and performance analysis of a amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase system of a traditional binary interferometer linear array based on the antenna orientation characteristics are not reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a amplitude-contrast phase direction finding method and apparatus to at least partially address the above-mentioned problems.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a magnitude-contrast phase direction finding method, including: receiving incoming wave signals by using a pre-constructed amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array to obtain a phase difference and an amplitude difference of the incoming wave signals received by the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array; obtaining a phase difference measured value and an amplitude difference measured value of an incoming wave signal received by the amplitude-to-amplitude phase binary direction finding linear array according to the phase difference measuring error and the amplitude measuring error of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase binary direction finding linear array; estimating the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal by using the amplitude difference measurement value to obtain a relative amplitude direction finding result of the incoming wave signal; performing ambiguity resolution on the phase difference measurement value according to the amplitude comparison direction finding result and the phase difference to obtain an ambiguity resolution phase difference estimation value; and obtaining the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal according to the phase difference estimated value and the amplitude difference measured value, and realizing amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase direction finding.
In some embodiments, the deblurring the phase difference measurement value according to the amplitude direction finding result and the phase difference to obtain a deblurred phase difference estimation value comprises: acquiring a numerical range of the phase difference; obtaining an unfolded phase difference set according to the phase difference measurement value and the numerical range; and selecting the phase difference closest to the amplitude comparison direction finding result from the phase difference set as a phase difference estimated value.
In some embodiments, obtaining a set of unfolded phase differences from the phase difference measurements and the range of values comprises: based on phase difference measurements Andcalculating an unfolded phase difference; obtaining a set of unfolded phase differencesNL+1,...0,...NH-1,NHWherein lambda is the wavelength of an incoming wave signal, subscripts A and B respectively represent a first antenna A and a second antenna B of the amplitude-comparison phase binary direction finding linear array, d is the base length of the amplitude-comparison phase binary direction finding linear array, α is the incoming wave direction,for phase difference measurement error, NLAnd NHMinimum and maximum values of the number of phase difference folding cycles, NLIs a negative integer, NHIs a positive integer.
In some embodiments, selecting the phase difference closest to the amplitude-comparison direction-finding result from the phase difference set as the phase difference estimation value includes: according to the formulaObtaining estimated value N of phase difference folding cycle number*(ii) a Using phase difference folding cycle number estimate N*And according to the formulaObtaining the phase difference estimate
In some embodiments, obtaining the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal according to the phase difference estimation value and the amplitude difference measurement value comprises: according to the formulaSearching in the possible incoming wave direction according to the set searching steps to obtain an angle searching value of the incoming wave signal under each searching step, wherein the searching step is smaller than the preset direction-finding precision; determining the obtained minimum angle search value as an optimal value of the incoming wave direction; wherein, in order to be the phase difference,for phase difference estimation, UA(α) and UB(α) respectively receiving the amplitude of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B in the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array,andreceiving amplitude measurements of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B, Φ (α) anda first matrix and a second matrix, W [ alpha ], [ alpha ]]Is a weighting matrix independent of the angle of the incoming wave signal, ξ is the angle search value, α is the angle of the incoming wave signal,is the optimal value of the incoming wave direction.
In some embodiments, the amplitude-to-amplitude-ratio binary direction-finding linear array includes a first antenna and a second antenna, the first antenna forms a first included angle with a preset reference plane, the second antenna forms a second included angle with the preset reference plane, the second included angle is larger than the first included angle, the first antenna and the second antenna form a binary direction-finding linear array with a base length d, and both the first included angle and the second included angle are smaller than pi and larger than 0.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a magnitude-contrast phase direction-finding device, comprising: the first computing unit is used for receiving incoming wave signals by utilizing a pre-constructed amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase binary direction finding linear array to obtain the phase difference and the amplitude difference of the incoming wave signals received by the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase binary direction finding linear array; the second calculation unit is used for obtaining a phase difference measured value and an amplitude difference measured value of the received incoming wave signal of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase binary direction finding linear array according to the phase difference measurement error and the amplitude measurement error of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase binary direction finding linear array; the amplitude comparison direction finding unit is used for estimating the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal by using the amplitude difference measurement value to obtain an amplitude comparison direction finding result of the incoming wave signal; the ambiguity resolution unit is used for performing ambiguity resolution on the phase difference measurement value according to the amplitude comparison direction finding result and the phase difference to obtain an ambiguity resolution phase difference estimation value; and the joint estimation unit is used for obtaining the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal according to the phase difference estimation value and the amplitude difference measurement value so as to realize amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase direction finding.
In some embodiments, a deblurring unit to obtain a numerical range of the phase difference; obtaining an unfolded phase difference set according to the phase difference measurement value and the numerical range; and selecting the phase difference closest to the amplitude comparison direction finding result from the phase difference set as a phase difference estimated value.
In some embodiments, a deblurring unit, in particular for determining a phase difference measurement from said phase difference measurement Andcalculating an unfolded phase difference; obtaining a set of unfolded phase differencesNL+1,...0,...NH-1,NH(ii) a According to the formulaObtaining estimated value N of phase difference folding cycle number*(ii) a Using phase difference to fold the circumferencePeriod number estimation N*And according to the formulaObtaining the phase difference estimateWherein, λ is the wavelength of the incoming wave signal, subscripts A and B respectively represent the first antenna A and the second antenna B of the amplitude-comparison phase binary direction finding linear array, d is the base length of the amplitude-comparison phase binary direction finding linear array, α is the incoming wave direction,for said phase difference measurement error, NLAnd NHMinimum and maximum values of the number of phase difference folding cycles, NLIs a negative integer, NHIs a positive integer.
In some embodiments, a joint estimation unit for estimating the joint of the two or more sub-regions based on a formulaSearching in the possible incoming wave direction according to a set searching step to obtain an angle searching value of an incoming wave signal under each searching step, wherein the searching step is smaller than the preset direction-finding precision; determining the obtained minimum angle search value as the optimal value of the incoming wave direction; wherein, for the purpose of the phase difference,for phase difference estimation, UA(α) and UB(α) respectively receiving the amplitude of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B in the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array,andreceiving amplitude measurements of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B, Φ (α) anda first matrix and a second matrix, W [ alpha ], [ alpha ]]Is a weighting matrix independent of the angle of the incoming wave signal, ξ is the angle search value, α is the angle of the incoming wave signal,is the optimal value of the incoming wave direction.
The method comprises the steps of constructing a magnitude-to-magnitude phase binary direction finding linear array in advance, receiving an incoming wave signal by using the magnitude-to-magnitude phase binary direction finding linear array, obtaining a phase difference measurement value and an amplitude difference measurement value of the incoming wave signal based on a measurement error, carrying out magnitude-to-magnitude direction finding by using the amplitude difference measurement value, carrying out ambiguity resolution on the phase difference measurement value according to a magnitude-to-magnitude direction finding result, jointly estimating an incoming wave direction according to ambiguity-magnitude phase difference estimation and the amplitude difference measurement value, and obtaining a direction finding result with higher precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a magnitude-contrast direction-finding method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a comparative phase binary direction-finding linear array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fitting error curve of each possible incoming wave direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a histogram of incoming wave direction estimation errors according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a standard deviation curve of direction-finding errors in different incoming wave directions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of a standard deviation curve of direction-finding errors for different incoming wave directions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating fuzzy probabilities of different incoming wave directions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a block diagram showing the structure of the amplitude-contrast phase direction-finding device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The words "a", "an" and "the" and the like as used herein are also intended to include the meanings of "a plurality" and "the" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It is noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Some block diagrams and/or flow diagrams are shown in the figures. It will be understood that some blocks of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, or combinations thereof, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the block diagrams and/or flowchart block or blocks.
Thus, the techniques of the present invention may be implemented in hardware and/or in software (including firmware, microcode, etc.). Furthermore, the techniques of this disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a machine-readable medium having instructions stored thereon for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system. In the context of the present invention, a machine-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the instructions. For example, a machine-readable medium can include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. Specific examples of machine-readable media include: magnetic storage devices, such as magnetic tape or Hard Disk Drives (HDDs); optical storage devices, such as compact disks (CD-ROMs); a memory, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a flash memory; and/or wired/wireless communication links.
The invention provides a magnitude-comparison phase direction finding method.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a magnitude-comparison direction-finding method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method of the embodiment includes:
s110, receiving incoming wave signals by using the pre-constructed amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array to obtain the phase difference and the amplitude difference of the incoming wave signals received by the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array.
And S120, obtaining a phase difference measured value and an amplitude difference measured value of the received incoming wave signal of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase binary direction finding linear array according to the phase difference measuring error and the amplitude measuring error of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase binary direction finding linear array.
And S130, estimating the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal by using the amplitude difference measurement value, and obtaining the amplitude comparison direction finding result of the incoming wave signal.
Since the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase direction finding system has no problem of phase ambiguity in the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio direction finding, the phase ambiguity is resolved on the phase difference measurement value based on the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio direction finding result.
And S140, performing ambiguity resolution on the phase difference measurement value according to the amplitude-comparison direction finding result and the phase difference to obtain an ambiguity resolution phase difference estimation value.
And S150, obtaining the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal according to the phase difference estimated value and the amplitude difference measured value, and realizing the fixed-ratio amplitude-to-phase direction finding.
In this embodiment, an amplitude-to-phase binary direction finding linear array is pre-constructed, an incoming wave signal is received by the amplitude-to-phase binary direction finding linear array, a phase difference measurement value and an amplitude difference measurement value of the incoming wave signal are obtained based on a measurement error, amplitude-to-phase finding is performed by using the amplitude difference measurement value, a phase difference measurement value is subjected to ambiguity resolution according to an amplitude-to-phase finding result, an incoming wave direction is jointly estimated according to ambiguity-resolved phase difference estimation and amplitude difference measurement values, and a direction finding result with higher accuracy is obtained.
The above steps S110 to S150 will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2 to 7.
Firstly, step S110 is executed, that is, the pre-constructed amplitude-to-phase binary direction finding linear array is used to receive the incoming wave signal, so as to obtain the phase difference and the amplitude difference of the received incoming wave signal of the amplitude-to-phase binary direction finding linear array.
In this embodiment, the amplitude-to-phase binary direction-finding linear array includes a first antenna and a second antenna, the first antenna forms a first included angle with a preset reference plane, the second antenna forms a second included angle with the preset reference plane, the second included angle is greater than the first included angle, the first antenna and the second antenna form a binary direction-finding linear array with a base length d, and both the first included angle and the second included angle are smaller than pi and greater than 0.
As shown in fig. 2, directional antennas a and B form a binary direction finding line array, and both have a beam width of B. Wherein, the included angle between the first antenna A and the reference plane O is a first included angle theta1The second antenna B forms a second angle theta with the reference plane O2，0＞θ2＞θ1The angle between the incoming wave direction P and the reference plane is α, namely α is the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal.
Referring to the amplitude-to-phase binary direction finding linear array shown in fig. 2, for an incoming wave signal P, the phase difference of the incoming wave signal received by the binary direction finding linear array composed of the first antenna a and the second antenna B is:
in the formula (1), λ is the wavelength of the incoming wave signal.
Based on a common gaussian antenna direction diagram model, the amplitudes of the first antenna a and the second antenna B for receiving the incoming wave signals are respectively:
in formula (2), UA(α) and UB(α) amplitude, G, of incoming wave signal received by the first antenna A and the second antenna B in the linear array with amplitude-to-amplitude ratio and phase-to-phase binary direction finding respectivelyAAnd GBThe gains of the first antenna A and the second antenna B, respectively, are usually set to GA＝GB＝G。
Based on equation (2), the difference between the amplitudes of the incoming wave signals received by the first antenna a and the second antenna B is obtained as:
after obtaining the phase difference and the amplitude difference of the incoming wave signals received by the amplitude-to-amplitude phase-comparison binary direction finding linear array, the step S120 is continuously executed, that is, the phase difference measured value and the amplitude difference measured value of the incoming wave signals received by the amplitude-to-amplitude phase-comparison binary direction finding linear array are obtained according to the phase difference measurement error and the amplitude measurement error of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase-comparison binary direction finding linear array.
In the actual measurement process, both the phase difference and the amplitude difference have measurement errors, and meanwhile, the measurement error of the phase difference is within the range of [ -pi, pi), namely:
in the formula (4), the first and second groups,the measured value of the phase difference is measured,andreceiving amplitude measurements of incoming signals for a first antenna A and a second antenna B,in order to measure the error in the phase difference, amplitude measurement error, operator [ x ] for the first antenna A and the second antenna B, respectively]2πX ± 2N pi, N is a positive integer, and (x ± 2N pi) ∈ [ -pi, pi).
After the phase difference measurement value and the amplitude difference measurement value are obtained, step S130 is continuously executed, that is, the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal is estimated by using the amplitude difference measurement value, and the amplitude-to-amplitude direction result of the incoming wave signal is obtained.
In one embodiment, the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal can be estimated from the amplitude difference measurement of equation (4), as follows:
in the formula (5), the first and second groups,is the direction of the incoming wave estimated from the amplitude difference measurement.
After the amplitude-comparing direction-finding result of the incoming wave signal is obtained, step S140 is executed, that is, the phase difference measurement value is deblurred according to the amplitude-comparing direction-finding result and the phase difference, so as to obtain a deblurred phase difference estimation value.
From the formula (4), whenOften exist at the timeNamely, the problem of phase ambiguity is generated, the phase ambiguity is resolved, namely, the phase which is not folded by 2 pi is recovered by other means, and finally the integer N is obtained. In a range-to-range phase-finding system, there is no phase ambiguity problem with range-to-range direction finding, so one embodiment of the present invention directs the solution of phase ambiguity based on the range-to-range direction finding results.
In one embodiment, the deblurred phase difference estimate is obtained by: firstly, acquiring a numerical range of phase difference; secondly, obtaining an unfolded phase difference set according to the phase difference measurement value and the numerical range; and finally, selecting the phase difference closest to the amplitude comparison direction finding result from the phase difference set as a phase difference estimated value.
In one embodiment, the range of values for the phase difference that can be obtained according to equation (1) isThis range of values indicates the range of possible values for the phase difference.
Thereby, based on the phase difference measurement valueAnd (3) calculating:
in the formula (6), NLIs a negative integer, NHIs a positive integer, NLAnd NHThe minimum value and the maximum value of the phase difference folding cycle number are respectively.
The set of unfolded phase differences can be calculated according to equation (6) as:
then using equations (1) and (5), the unfolded phase difference based on the amplitude direction finding result is:
the estimated value N of the number of phase difference folding cycles can be obtained by using the formula (7) and the formula (8)*：
Thus, the phase difference estimated value obtained after the ambiguity resolutionComprises the following steps:
after obtaining the deblurred phase difference estimation value, step S150 is executed, that is, the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal is obtained according to the phase difference estimation value and the amplitude difference measurement value, so as to realize the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase direction finding.
Order to
Then it can be according to formula (12)Searching according to the set searching steps in the possible incoming wave direction, obtaining an angle searching value of the incoming wave signal under each searching step, wherein the searching step is smaller than the preset direction-finding precision, and determining the obtained minimum angle searching value as the optimal value of the incoming wave direction, wherein the searching step is smaller than the preset direction-finding precision.
In equation (12), Φ (α) isRespectively, a first matrix and a second matrix in the process of calculating the direction of the incoming wave, ξ is an angle search value, α is the angle of the incoming wave signal,w is an optimum value in the incoming wave direction]Is a weighting matrix independent of the angle of the incoming wave signal, and when Σ is cov { Δ Φ } is reversible, W ∑ Σ-1The residual error of formula (12) can be minimized, wherein cov {. isA variance matrix operator.
In one embodiment, Σ may be calculated by equation (13).
In the formula (13), the first and second groups,the variance of the phase measurement errors for the first antenna a and the second antenna B respectively,the variance of the amplitude measurement error of the first antenna a and the second antenna B, respectively.
In another embodiment, it is possible to obtain according to the prior art:
in the formula (14), the coincidence ∈ represents "proportional to", and SNRAAnd SNRBThe first antenna a and the second antenna B receive the signal-to-noise ratio of the incoming wave signal.
Assuming that an omnidirectional antenna is used, both the phase measurement error variance and the amplitude measurement error variance areThen there are:
in engineering practice, linear array phase difference estimation values are given for the incoming wave direction estimation of incoming wave signalsAnd amplitude comparison measurementsNamely, the search can be performed according to the equivalent formula (16) of the formula (12) in a certain step within the possible incoming wave direction region:
in equation (16), min αs、maxαsThe minimum and maximum values are searched for the angle of the incoming wave direction, respectively. In addition, the search step should generally be an order of magnitude lower than the direction finding accuracy requirement to ensure direction finding accuracy.
This example also performed performance analysis of the amplitude versus phase direction finding system.
Suppose α - α0+Δα，α0Close enough to α, there are:
Φ(α)＝Φ(α0)+J·Δα+o(Δα) (17)
wherein ,
in formula (17), o (Δ α) is related to the Δ α higher order quantity.
Substituting equation (17) into equation (11) yields:
wherein ,ΔΦ0＝ΔΦ+o(Δα)。
Since Σ is cov { Δ Φ } is a positive definite matrix, the matrix is a matrix with a positive definite valueThe variance of (c) is:
the variance of the direction-finding error of the comparative direction-finding system can be obtained by using the formula (20).
When the performance of the amplitude-comparison phase direction-finding system is analyzed, the probability of wrong ambiguity resolution based on the amplitude-comparison measurement result can be calculated so as to guide the optimized application of the direction-finding result in engineering practice. For example, if the probability of the ambiguity resolution error is clarified, the direction finding error under the correct ambiguity resolution condition is clarified on the basis of the probability.
Wherein, the probability of the false ambiguity resolution based on the amplitude comparison measurement result is as follows:
in the formula (21), Δ lnUAIn accordance with the mean being zero and the variance beingIs normally distributed, Δ lnUBIn accordance with the mean being zero and the variance beingThe random amount of the normal distribution of (a),in accordance with the mean being zero and the variance beingIs the random amount of the normal distribution of (1).
To calculate the probability of a misinterpreted blur, a Monte Carlo simulation method may be used to calculate the probability value defined by equation (21) based on a large number of simulation samples.
To illustrate the beneficial effects of the amplitude-contrast direction-finding method of this embodiment in detail, the present invention is illustrated by the following examples.
Suppose the first antenna A and the second antenna B respectively have beam directions of theta1＝25°、θ2The antenna is in the form of a planar helical antenna, and the beam width of the antenna can be calculated according to engineering experience by the following formula:
in equation (22), D represents the antenna diameter, λ is the signal wavelength, and b is in degrees.
The gain is as follows according to the antenna beam width and engineering experience:
in equation (23), G is in dBi.
Without loss of generality, assuming that the signal frequency is 400MHz, D is 1m, b is 105 °, G is 4.34dBi, and assuming thatAssuming that the incoming wave direction is α -40 °, the theoretical phase difference is:finally, assuming that the signal-to-noise ratio SNR is 10dB when receiving with the omni-directional antenna.
Under the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio is 10dB, measuring a group of phase differences containing noise after being folded as follows: 0.0374rad, while measuring the amplitude differenceAccording toThe possible intervals of phase difference list all possible unfolded (noisy) phase difference sets [6.3206rad,0.0374, -6.2458rad ]]. The estimated value of the incoming wave direction is calculated by the formula (5)According toFurther, an estimated phase difference 6.3206rad of the phase interferometer without folding is obtained from equations (9) and (10).
Then, the incoming wave direction is estimated based on the phase difference estimation and the amplitude difference measurement value in combination according to the formula (12), the reciprocal of the fitting error in each possible incoming wave direction is given in fig. 3, and finally the incoming wave direction is estimated to be
For α, the 1000 tests were carried out at 40 °, and the histogram of the statistical arrival direction estimation error is shown in fig. 4, which shows that in most cases, the estimation error is within a few degrees, the estimation error around 90 ° is caused by the error ambiguity due to too large phase difference or amplitude difference, and the statistical value of the standard deviation of the estimation error is 1.3375 ° for the correctly deblurred arrival direction estimation result.
Based on the decomposition result formula (20), fig. 5 and fig. 6 respectively show the standard deviation of the direction finding error and the partial enlarged view of different incoming wave directions under the condition of setting the parameters of the present embodiment, wherein the standard deviation of the direction finding error of 40 ° in the incoming wave direction is 1.3171 °, which is very close to the 1.3375 ° of 1000 times of simulation statistics, and the validity of the formula (20) is verified.
By way of comparison, fig. 5 and 6 also show the standard deviation of direction finding errors in each incoming wave direction by the directional antenna based amplitude direction finding, the directional antenna based phase direction finding and the omnidirectional antenna based phase direction finding methods. Therefore, the amplitude-contrast phase direction finding method of the embodiment of the invention always obtains the optimal performance. Particularly, in an area with a large direction-finding error (for example, the incoming wave direction is less than 5 °) compared with the phase-comparison method, the direction-finding accuracy is greatly improved because the embodiment of the invention fully utilizes the amplitude-comparison information. Based on equation (21), for each incoming wave direction, the fuzzy probability is counted based on 10000 Monte Carlo simulations, and the results are summarized in FIG. 7. As can be seen from the results of fig. 7, the phase ambiguity probability is lower than that of the phase direction finding method.
On one hand, the amplitude-comparison phase-comparison direction-finding method based on the directional antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts amplitude-comparison direction-finding information to guide and resolve phase ambiguity, eliminates the limitation of a phase-comparison direction-finding short baseline, and greatly improves the direction-finding precision of the phase-comparison method; on the other hand, the two types of measurement information of the amplitude difference and the phase difference are fully utilized to jointly estimate the incoming wave direction, the direction-finding precision is further improved, and particularly the direction-finding performance of a region with low direction-finding precision in the traditional phase comparison method is greatly improved.
The invention also provides a amplitude-comparison phase direction-finding device.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a structure of a magnitude-comparison direction-finding device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 8, the device according to the embodiment includes:
the first calculating unit 81 is configured to receive an incoming wave signal by using a pre-constructed amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array, and obtain a phase difference and an amplitude difference of the incoming wave signal received by the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array;
the second calculating unit 82 is configured to obtain a phase difference measurement value and an amplitude difference measurement value of the incoming wave signal received by the amplitude-to-amplitude phase binary direction finding linear array according to the phase difference measurement error and the amplitude measurement error of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase binary direction finding linear array;
the amplitude comparison direction finding unit 83 is used for estimating the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal by using the amplitude difference measured value to obtain an amplitude comparison direction finding result of the incoming wave signal;
the ambiguity resolution unit 84 is used for performing ambiguity resolution processing on the phase difference measurement value according to the amplitude comparison direction finding result and the phase difference to obtain an ambiguity resolution phase difference estimation value;
and the joint estimation unit 85 is used for obtaining the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal according to the phase difference estimation value and the amplitude difference measurement value, so as to realize amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase direction finding.
In one embodiment, the deblurring unit 84 is configured to obtain a numerical range of the phase difference; obtaining an unfolded phase difference set according to the phase difference measurement value and the numerical range; and selecting the phase difference closest to the amplitude comparison direction finding result from the phase difference set as the estimated value of the phase difference.
Specifically, the deblurring unit 84 is configured to determine a phase difference based on the phase difference measurements Andcalculating an unfolded phase difference; obtaining a set of unfolded phase differencesNL+1,...0,...NH-1,NH(ii) a According to the formulaObtaining estimated value N of phase difference folding cycle number*(ii) a Using phase difference folding cycle number estimate N*And according to the formulaObtaining the phase difference estimate
Wherein λ is the wavelength of the incoming wave signal, and subscripts A and B respectively represent the first antenna of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase-comparison binary direction finding linear arrayA and a second antenna B, d are the base length of the linear array of the binary direction finding line with the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio, α is the incoming wave direction,for said phase difference measurement error, NLAnd NHMinimum and maximum values of the number of phase difference folding cycles, NLIs a negative integer, NHIs a positive integer.
In an embodiment, the joint estimation unit 85 is adapted to estimate the joint of the two signals according to a formulaSearching in the possible incoming wave direction according to a set searching step to obtain an angle searching value of an incoming wave signal under each searching step, wherein the searching step is smaller than the preset direction-finding precision; determining the obtained minimum angle search value as the optimal value of the incoming wave direction;
wherein , for the purpose of the phase difference,for phase difference estimation, UA(α) and UB(α) respectively receiving the amplitude of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B in the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array,andreceiving amplitude measurements of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B, Φ (α) anda first matrix and a second matrix, W [ alpha ], [ alpha ]]Is a weighting matrix independent of the angle of the incoming wave signal, ξ is the angle search value, α is the angle of the incoming wave signal,is the optimal value of the incoming wave direction.
For the device embodiments, since they substantially correspond to the method embodiments, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiments for relevant points. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The amplitude-comparison phase direction-finding device provided by the invention can be realized by software, or can be realized by hardware or a combination of hardware and software. For example, in a software implementation, the present invention provides a magnitude-contrast direction-finding device that may include a processor, and a machine-readable storage medium having stored thereon machine-executable instructions. The processor and the machine-readable storage medium may communicate via a system bus. Also, the processor may perform the magnitude comparison direction finding method described above by reading and executing machine executable instructions in a machine readable storage medium corresponding to the magnitude comparison direction finding logic.
A machine-readable storage medium as referred to herein may be any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical storage device that can contain or store information such as executable instructions, data, and the like. For example, the machine-readable storage medium may be: a RAM (random Access Memory), a volatile Memory, a non-volatile Memory, a flash Memory, a storage drive (e.g., a hard drive), a solid state drive, any type of storage disk (e.g., a compact disk, a DVD, etc.), or similar storage medium, or a combination thereof.
According to a disclosed example, the invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium comprising machine executable instructions executable by a processor in a phase direction finding apparatus to implement the phase direction finding method described above.
For the convenience of clearly describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, the words "first", "second", and the like are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and actions, and those skilled in the art can understand that the words "first", "second", and the like do not limit the quantity and execution order.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other modifications and variations of the present invention may be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed description is for the purpose of better explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of comparing magnitude and phase for direction finding, comprising:
receiving incoming wave signals by utilizing a pre-constructed amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array to obtain the phase difference and the amplitude difference of the incoming wave signals received by the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array;
obtaining a phase difference measured value and an amplitude difference measured value of an incoming wave signal received by the amplitude-to-amplitude phase-comparison binary direction finding linear array according to the phase difference measuring error and the amplitude measuring error of the amplitude-to-amplitude phase-comparison binary direction finding linear array;
estimating the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal by using the amplitude difference measurement value to obtain a relative amplitude direction finding result of the incoming wave signal;
performing ambiguity resolution on the phase difference measurement value according to the amplitude comparison direction finding result and the phase difference to obtain an ambiguity resolution phase difference estimation value;
and obtaining the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal according to the estimated phase difference value and the measured amplitude difference value, and realizing the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase direction finding.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the deblurring the phase difference measurement value according to the amplitude direction finding result and the phase difference to obtain a deblurred phase difference estimation value comprises:
acquiring a numerical range of the phase difference;
obtaining an unfolded phase difference set according to the phase difference measurement value and the numerical range;
and selecting the phase difference closest to the amplitude comparison direction finding result from the phase difference set as the estimated value of the phase difference.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein obtaining the set of unfolded phase differences from the phase difference measurements and the range of values comprises:
based on said phase difference measurement Andcalculating an unfolded phase difference;
obtaining a set of unfolded phase differencesN＝NL,NL+1,...0,...NH-1,NH；
Wherein, λ is the wavelength of the incoming wave signal, subscripts A and B respectively represent the first antenna A and the second antenna B of the amplitude-to-amplitude-ratio binary direction finding linear array, d is the base length of the amplitude-to-amplitude-ratio binary direction finding linear array, α is the incoming wave direction,for said phase difference measurement error, NLAnd NHMinimum and maximum values of the number of phase difference folding cycles, NLIs a negative integer, NHIs a positive integer.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said selecting the phase difference from the set of phase differences that is closest to the amplitude direction finding as the estimated phase difference value comprises:
according to the formulaObtaining estimated value N of phase difference folding cycle number*；
Using phase difference folding cycle number estimate N*And according to the formulaObtaining the phase difference estimate
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said obtaining an incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal according to the phase difference estimation value and the amplitude difference measurement value comprises:
according to the formulaSearching in the possible incoming wave direction according to a set searching step to obtain an angle searching value of an incoming wave signal under each searching step, wherein the searching step is smaller than the preset direction-finding precision;
determining the obtained minimum angle search value as the optimal value of the incoming wave direction;
wherein , for the purpose of the phase difference,for phase difference estimation, UA(α) and UB(α) respectively receiving the amplitude of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B in the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array,andreceiving amplitude measurements of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B, Φ (α) anda first matrix and a second matrix, W [ alpha ], [ alpha ]]Is a weighting matrix independent of the angle of the incoming wave signal, ξ is the angle search value, α is the angle of the incoming wave signal,is the optimal value of the incoming wave direction.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amplitude-to-amplitude-ratio binary direction-finding linear array comprises a first antenna and a second antenna, the first antenna forms a first included angle with a preset reference plane, the second antenna forms a second included angle with the preset reference plane, the second included angle is larger than the first included angle, the first antenna and the second antenna form a binary direction-finding linear array with a base length d, and both the first included angle and the second included angle are smaller than pi and larger than 0.
7. A phase-to-amplitude direction finding device, comprising:
the first calculation unit is used for receiving incoming wave signals by utilizing a pre-constructed amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array to obtain the phase difference and the amplitude difference of the incoming wave signals received by the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array;
the second calculation unit is used for obtaining a phase difference measured value and an amplitude difference measured value of the received incoming wave signal of the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase binary direction finding linear array according to the phase difference measurement error and the amplitude measurement error of the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase binary direction finding linear array;
the amplitude comparison direction finding unit is used for estimating the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal by using the amplitude difference measured value to obtain an amplitude comparison direction finding result of the incoming wave signal;
the ambiguity resolution unit is used for performing ambiguity resolution on the phase difference measurement value according to the amplitude comparison direction finding result and the phase difference to obtain an ambiguity resolution phase difference estimation value;
and the joint estimation unit is used for obtaining the incoming wave direction of the incoming wave signal according to the phase difference estimation value and the amplitude difference measurement value, so as to realize the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio phase-to-direction finding.
8. The apparatus of claim 7,
the ambiguity resolution unit is used for acquiring the numerical range of the phase difference; obtaining an unfolded phase difference set according to the phase difference measurement value and the numerical range; and selecting the phase difference closest to the amplitude comparison direction finding result from the phase difference set as the estimated value of the phase difference.
9. The apparatus of claim 8,
the deblurring unit is specifically configured to determine a phase difference measurement value from the phase difference measurement value Andcalculating an unfolded phase difference; obtaining a set of unfolded phase differencesN＝NL,NL+1,...0,...NH-1,NH(ii) a According to the formulaObtaining estimated value N of phase difference folding cycle number*(ii) a Using phase difference folding cycle number estimate N*And according to the formulaObtaining the phase difference estimate
Wherein, λ is the wavelength of the incoming wave signal, subscripts A and B respectively represent the first antenna A and the second antenna B of the amplitude-to-amplitude-ratio binary direction finding linear array, d is the base length of the amplitude-to-amplitude-ratio binary direction finding linear array, α is the incoming wave direction,is the phaseDifference measurement error, NLAnd NHMinimum and maximum values of the number of phase difference folding cycles, NLIs a negative integer, NHIs a positive integer.
10. The apparatus of claim 7,
the joint estimation unit is used for estimating the joint estimation value according to a formulaSearching in the possible incoming wave direction according to a set searching step to obtain an angle searching value of an incoming wave signal under each searching step, wherein the searching step is smaller than the preset direction-finding precision; determining the obtained minimum angle search value as the optimal value of the incoming wave direction;
wherein , for the purpose of the phase difference,for phase difference estimation, UA(α) and UB(α) respectively receiving the amplitude of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B in the amplitude-to-amplitude ratio binary direction finding linear array,andreceiving amplitude measurements of the incoming wave signal for the first antenna A and the second antenna B, Φ (α) andrespectively during calculation of direction of incoming waveA first matrix and a second matrix, W]Is a weighting matrix independent of the angle of the incoming wave signal, ξ is the angle search value, α is the angle of the incoming wave signal,is the optimal value of the incoming wave direction.
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