CN110078865A - A kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110078865A CN110078865A CN201910425556.8A CN201910425556A CN110078865A CN 110078865 A CN110078865 A CN 110078865A CN 201910425556 A CN201910425556 A CN 201910425556A CN 110078865 A CN110078865 A CN 110078865A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/58—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/588—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/882—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/92—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
- C09K8/94—Foams
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent and preparation method thereof, is related to technical field of oilfield tertiary oil recovery.The high temperature resistant foaming agent carries out copolyreaction generation by 6- acrylamido caproic acid, methylpropene sodium sulfonate and 1- acryloxy -2-Pyrrolidone.The preparation method of high temperature resistant foaming agent: methylpropene sodium sulfonate and initiator persulfate being added in flask, magnetic agitation, and dropping liquid pump is added after 6- acrylamido caproic acid and 1- acryloxy -2-Pyrrolidone are mixed；After temperature rises to 30 DEG C, it will be in 6- acrylamido caproic acid and 1- acryloxy -2-Pyrrolidone mixture injection flask, temperature is increased to 70 DEG C, quinones polymerization inhibitor is added after heat preservation and terminates polymerization reaction, after continuing 20~60min, it is cooled to room temperature, separating-purifying is up to the high temperature resistant foaming agent.Oil recovery rate can be improved under hot water, steam and high-temperature flue gas environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of oilfield tertiary oil recovery, more particularly, to can be in hot water, steam and high-temperature flue gas
A kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent and preparation method thereof of oil recovery rate is improved under environment.
Technical background
Modern industry rapid development, the consumption of the energy are also being constantly increasing, as the petroleum of one of main energy sources, are opening
It adopts and has entered development late stage.In order to produce more mineral reserve petroleum, the recovery ratio of petroleum is improved, the research of tertiary oil recovery technology is extremely
It closes important.Currently, the country, which has put into a large amount of man power and material, carries out correlative study to tertiary oil recovery technology, in the oil field in China
In, since viscous crude ratio is high, oil recovery by heating technology in tertiary oil recovery, such as steam drive, steam soak, high-temperature flue gas drive heat
The application of power oil recovery technique is just increasingly extensive.
Due to hot fluids such as steam, flue gases, density is small, mobility is strong, and gas channeling phenomenon is serious in formation void, stream
Mistake ratio is big, limits the application of steam drive and flue gas flooding.And a kind of important technical of the foaming agent as tertiary oil recovery,
Foam can be formed in formation void, effectively block the high oil-free region of in-place permeability, steam and flue gas is forced directly to be made
For oil reservoir, increase steam and flue gas sweep area, improves harvesting.Foaming agent is used as surfactant simultaneously, and oil/
Aqueous phase interface tension is low, has certain washing oil ability.Although foaming agent is widely used in oil field development as general technology,
But in oil recovery by heating field, since it needs to be resistant to 300 DEG C of high temperature, while good foaming properties are kept, general bubble
This technical requirements is not achieved in foam agent.
In order to avoid flue gas pollution, while the secondary use of flue gas is realized, currently with Oil Field boiler flue
Gas is directly injected into the method that reservoir improves recovery ratio as hot fluid and has obtained significant development.Using high-temperature flue gas as heat
Fluid can significantly improve the thermal efficiency, such as the average thermal efficiency of Shengli Oil Field injection boiler is 85%, wherein exhaust gas temperature 240
DEG C, the vapor of generation is such as injected oil reservoir, the discharge of no-flue gas by heat loss 9.8% together with flue gas, and the thermal efficiency is increased to
95%~99%.CO2 emission can be additionally reduced, the trend of current emission reduction environmental protection is met.High-temperature flue gas it is main at
Dividing is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen and high-temperature vapor, and the regular-type foam agent foamability of field use is by temperature at present
Degree, oxygen and effect of carbon dioxide are big, and foaming properties is caused to decline to a great extent, and the plugging and profile con-trol effect of desired foam liquid film is not achieved
Fruit, so that recovery ratio raising is unobvious.
Therefore, invent it is a kind of be applied in oil field oil recovery by heating technical field, can be in hot water, steam and high-temperature flue gas
The high temperature resistant foaming agent for improving oil recovery rate under environment has extensive prospect.
Chinese patent CN201010260748.7 discloses a kind of foaming agent combination and application thereof, mainly solves existing foam
It is poor to drive foaming agent thermal stability present in intensified oil reduction technology, meets divalent ion precipitating, with not being able to satisfy high temperature, high salinity
The problem of layer foam flooding needs.Using the foaming agent containing fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether benzene sulfonate, alpha-alkene sulfonate and water
The technical solution of composition can be used in tertiary oil recovery foam flooding.
Chinese patent application CN201711219887.3 discloses a kind of high temperature resistant assisted steam flooding foaming agent, the foaming agent
Ingredient including following parts by weight: 5-10 parts of foaming agent, 10-30 parts of foam stabilizer and 60-85 parts of water；The foaming agent is containing Asia
The polyether sulfonate of amino.Its foaming agent high temperature resistant, but have no foaming properties under the conditions ofs carbon dioxide, oxygen etc..
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide be applied to tertiary oil production in oil field field in, in items such as high temperature, carbon dioxide, oxygen
Under part, excellent foaming properties are able to maintain, are resistant to a kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent of high-temperature flue gas complex environment.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of high temperature resistant foaming agent.
High temperature resistant foaming agent of the present invention is by 6- acrylamido caproic acid, methylpropene sodium sulfonate and 1- acryloyl-oxy
Base -2-Pyrrolidone carries out copolyreaction generation.
The molecular structural formula of the high temperature resistant foaming agent is as follows:
In formula, x, y, z indicate the degree of polymerization, and it be 100~300, z is 100~400 that x, which is 200~500, y,.
The 6- acrylamido caproic acid, methylpropene sodium sulfonate and 1- acryloxy-three kinds of 2-Pyrrolidone monomer
Mass ratio be (40~60) ︰ (10~20) ︰ (20~50).
The resulting molecular weight of copolymer of copolyreaction is 4 × 104~10 × 104。
The high temperature resistant foaming agent using when be prepared into aqueous solution, mass concentration in water is 20%~60%.
The preparation method of the high temperature resistant foaming agent, comprising the following steps:
1) methylpropene sodium sulfonate and initiator persulfate are added in flask, open magnetic stirring apparatus heating stirring
Switch, while dropping liquid pump being added after 6- acrylamido caproic acid and 1- acryloxy -2-Pyrrolidone are mixed in advance；
2) after temperature rises to 30~50 DEG C, dropping liquid switch pump is opened by 6- acrylamido caproic acid and 1- acryloyl-oxy
In base -2-Pyrrolidone mixture injection flask, injection length is 10~50min；
3) after injecting, temperature is increased to 60~80 DEG C, and 0.05%~0.2% quinones polymerization inhibitor is added after keeping the temperature 1~3h
Agent terminates polymerization reaction, after continuing 20~60min, is cooled to room temperature, separating-purifying is up to the high temperature resistant foaming agent.
The quinones polymerization inhibitor can be selected from one of 1,4-benzoquinone, tetrachloroquinone, naphthoquinones etc..
Aqueous solution is obtained after high temperature resistant foaming agent and water prepared by the present invention compounding, which can should be in tertiary oil recovery
In.The mass percentage concentration of aqueous solution can be 0.1%~5%.
Under the conditions ofs high temperature, carbon dioxide, oxygen etc., regular-type foam agent stability is poor, and bubble prepared by the present invention
Foam agent is still able to maintain excellent foaming properties, is resistant to the complex environment of high-temperature flue gas.
Compared with prior art, high temperature resistant foaming agent used for tertiary oil recovery of the invention has the following prominent advantages:
1) it ensure that foaming agent has good as activity and hydrophilic radical using carboxyl that is at low cost, easily obtaining
Performance (50 DEG C of normal pressure foaming volumes are greater than 500ml) and low interfacial activity tension are steeped (with Shengli crude interfacial tension up to 10- 3mN/m)；
2) methylpropene sodium sulfonate can then play good foam stabilizing effect, effectively improve the stability and temperature tolerance of foam；
3) 6- acrylamido caproic acid, methylpropene sodium sulfonate are strong hydrophilicity structure, and another addition easily obtains, polarity is suitable
In, the strong pyrrolidone structure of thermal stability adjust polarity and space structure；
4) 6- acrylamido caproic acid, methylpropene sodium sulfonate and 1- acryloxy-three kinds of 2-Pyrrolidone monomer are poly-
It closes reaction easily to occur, reaction condition is mild, is easy to control reaction process, and contain stable chain alkyl-(CH2-CH2)nKnot
Structure has better stability so that foaming agent has the advantages that protrusion in terms of temperature tolerance (half-life period is up to 140min)；
5) main functional group of three kinds of monomers is difficult to chemically react with carbon dioxide, oxygen, can be in high-temperature flue
Stable foaming properties are kept in compression ring border.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1: foaming agent temperature tolerance test
1.5g methylpropene sodium sulfonate is configured to solution to pour into four-hole boiling flask, four-hole boiling flask is fixed on iron stand
On, pay attention to the distance of flask and constant temperature blender with magnetic force, guarantees that drag just contacts oil bath pot bottom, connect bulb condensation
Pipe opens condensation taps.5g 6- acrylamido caproic acid and 3.5g 1- acryloxy -2-Pyrrolidone are dissolved in water and matched
It is transferred in dropping liquid pump at solution, it is stand-by to adjust dropping liquid pump rate.By 0.4g K2S2O8It is configured to solution and is added to equipped with first
In the flask of base propene sulfonic acid sodium solution, when magnetic stirring apparatus heats to 30 DEG C, open equipped with 6- acrylamido oneself
Acid and the third I of 1- alkene acyloxy -2-Pyrrolidone mixed solution dropping liquid switch pump, are added drop-wise to metering system for mixed solution dropwise
In the flask of sodium sulfonate solution, time for adding 30min, after being added dropwise, 0.1g is added to benzene in the reaction was continued at 70 DEG C 2h
Quinone continues to keep the temperature 40min, up to foaming agent finished product after separating-purifying after cooling.
Foaming agent is configured to the solution that mass concentration is 0.4%, is divided into three parts, portion is under 50 DEG C of normal pressures in foam meter
Middle carry out foaming properties test, portion carry out foaming properties test under 300 DEG C of high pressures, and portion is put into high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle
After 300 DEG C of aging process 72h, then foaming properties test is carried out in foam meter.Test result is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2: foaming agent temperature tolerance test
1.75g methylpropene sodium sulfonate is configured to solution to pour into four-hole boiling flask, four-hole boiling flask is fixed on iron stand
On, pay attention to the distance of flask and constant temperature blender with magnetic force, guarantees that drag just contacts oil bath pot bottom, connect bulb condensation
Pipe opens condensation taps.5.5g6- acrylamido caproic acid and 4g1- acryloxy -2-Pyrrolidone are dissolved in water and be made into
Solution is transferred in dropping liquid pump, and it is stand-by to adjust dropping liquid pump rate.By 0.4g K2S2O8It is configured to solution and is added to equipped with methyl
In the flask of propene sulfonic acid sodium solution, when magnetic stirring apparatus heats to 30 DEG C, opens and 6- acrylamido caproic acid is housed
With 1- acryloxy -2-Pyrrolidone mixed solution dropping liquid switch pump, mixed solution is added drop-wise to metering system sulphur dropwise
In the flask of acid sodium solution, time for adding 30min, after being added dropwise, 0.1g is added to benzene in the reaction was continued at 70 DEG C 2h
Quinone continues to keep the temperature 40min, up to foaming agent finished product after separating-purifying after cooling.
Foaming agent is configured to the solution that mass concentration is 0.4%, is divided into 3 parts, 1 part under 50 DEG C of normal pressures in foam meter
Foaming properties test is carried out, 1 part carries out foaming properties test under 300 DEG C of high pressures, and 1 part is put into 300 in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle
After DEG C aging process 72h, then foaming properties test is carried out in foam meter.Foaming agent temperature tolerance test test result such as 1 institute of table
Show:
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, using the foaming agent of different monomers mass ratio synthesis after 300 DEG C of aging process 72h,
The foaming volume of foam and half-life period vary less, and attenuation amplitude all controls within 5%, and are resistant to 300 DEG C of high temperature,
Foaming volume and half-life period variation less, illustrate that foaming agent high temperature resistance is good in the environment of 300 DEG C of high pressures.
Embodiment 3: the resistance to CO of foaming agent2Test
Synthetic foam agent is prepared as described in Example 1, and quinones polymerization inhibitor can be used tetrachloroquinone, foaming agent is configured to
The solution that mass concentration is 0.4%, is divided into two parts, and portion carries out foaming properties test under 50 DEG C of normal pressures in foam meter, separately
Portion is additionally passed through the CO of 100% volume fraction under identical temperature and pressure2Gas carries out foaming properties test.Test result
As shown in table 2.
Embodiment 4: the resistance to CO of foaming agent2Test
Synthetic foam agent is prepared as described in Example 2, and quinones polymerization inhibitor can be used naphthoquinones, foaming agent is configured to quality
The solution that concentration is 0.4%, is divided into two parts, and portion carries out foaming properties test under 50 DEG C of normal pressures in foam meter, another
The CO of 100% volume fraction is additionally passed through under identical temperature and pressure2Gas carries out foaming properties test.The resistance to CO of foaming agent2Property
Test result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the foaming agent using the synthesis of different monomers mass ratio is additionally being passed through 100% volume fraction
CO2Afterwards, the foaming volume of foam and half-life period change equal very little, it is believed that are to illustrate foam within nominal error range
The resistance to CO of agent2It is functional.
Embodiment 5: the resistance to O of foaming agent2Test
Synthetic foam agent is prepared as described in Example 1, and foaming agent is configured to the solution that mass concentration is 0.4%, point
At two parts, portion carries out foaming properties test under 50 DEG C of normal pressures in foam meter, another volume under identical temperature and pressure
It is passed through the O of 100% volume fraction outside2Gas carries out foaming properties test.Test result is as shown in table 3.
Embodiment 6: the resistance to O of foaming agent2Test
Synthetic foam agent is prepared as described in Example 2, and foaming agent is configured to the solution that mass concentration is 0.4%, point
At two parts, portion carries out foaming properties test under 50 DEG C of normal pressures in foam meter, another volume under identical temperature and pressure
It is passed through the O of 100% volume fraction outside2Gas carries out foaming properties test.The resistance to O of foaming agent2Property test result is as shown in table 3:
Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the foaming agent using the synthesis of different monomers mass ratio is additionally being passed through 100% volume fraction O2
Afterwards, the foaming volume of foam and half-life period are all kept approximately constant, and illustrate the resistance to O of foaming agent2It is functional.
It is demonstrated experimentally that foaming agent prepared by the present invention solve currently common foaming agent cannot be in high-temperature flue gas environment
The problem of keeping stable foaming properties can effectively be resistant to 300 DEG C of high temperature and CO2And O2Complex environment, in high temperature cigarette
Stable foaming properties are still maintained under the conditions of road gas, and there is good plugging and profile con-trol ability, improve the recovery ratio of crude oil.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent, it is characterised in that by 6- acrylamido caproic acid, methylpropene sodium sulfonate and 1- acryloyl
Oxygroup -2-Pyrrolidone carries out copolyreaction generation.
2. a kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the molecular structural formula of the high temperature resistant foaming agent
It is as follows:
In formula, x, y, z indicate the degree of polymerization, and it be 100~300, z is 100~400 that x, which is 200~500, y,.
3. a kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the 6- acrylamido caproic acid, metering system
Sodium sulfonate and 1- acryloxy-three kinds of monomers of 2-Pyrrolidone mass ratio are (40~60) ︰ (10~20) ︰ (20~50).
4. a kind of high temperature resistant foaming agent as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the resulting copolymer molecule of copolyreaction
Amount is 4 × 104~10 × 104。
5. a kind of preparation method of high temperature resistant foaming agent as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) methylpropene sodium sulfonate and initiator persulfate are added in flask, open magnetic stirring apparatus heating stirring and opens
It closes, while dropping liquid pump being added after 6- acrylamido caproic acid and 1- acryloxy -2-Pyrrolidone are mixed in advance；
2) after temperature rises to 30~50 DEG C, dropping liquid switch pump is opened by 6- acrylamido caproic acid and 1- acryloxy -2-
Pyrrolidones mixture injects in flask, and injection length is 10~50min；
3) after injecting, temperature is increased to 60~80 DEG C, is added for 0.05%~0.2% quinones polymerization inhibitor end after keeping the temperature 1~3h
Only polymerization reaction after continuing 20~60min, is cooled to room temperature, and separating-purifying is up to the high temperature resistant foaming agent.
6. a kind of preparation method of high temperature resistant foaming agent as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that in step 3), the quinones
Polymerization inhibitor is selected from one of 1,4-benzoquinone, tetrachloroquinone, naphthoquinones.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114057926A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Foaming agent for hot fluid flooding |
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| US3630286A (en) * | 1970-09-28 | 1971-12-28 | Calgon Corp | Process for removing water from a borehole using polymeric foaming agent |
| CN102373053A (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-03-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Foaming agent composition and purpose thereof |
| CN102504788A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-06-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Foaming agent suitable for oil-field development |
| CN103937466A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-07-23 | 长江大学 | Foaming agent used for oilfield development |
| CN104774604A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-07-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fluoride-containing polyurethane CO2 gas soluble foaming agent and preparation method and use thereof |
| CN107903886A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant assisted steam flooding foaming agent |
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2019
- 2019-05-21 CN CN201910425556.8A patent/CN110078865B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3630286A (en) * | 1970-09-28 | 1971-12-28 | Calgon Corp | Process for removing water from a borehole using polymeric foaming agent |
| CN102373053A (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-03-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Foaming agent composition and purpose thereof |
| CN102504788A (en) * | 2011-10-25 | 2012-06-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Foaming agent suitable for oil-field development |
| CN103937466A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-07-23 | 长江大学 | Foaming agent used for oilfield development |
| CN104774604A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-07-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fluoride-containing polyurethane CO2 gas soluble foaming agent and preparation method and use thereof |
| CN107903886A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant assisted steam flooding foaming agent |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114057926A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-18 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Foaming agent for hot fluid flooding |
| CN114057926B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2024-04-12 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Foaming agent for thermal fluid displacement of reservoir oil |
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