CN110076659B - Intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting generation of grinding cracks and inhibiting method - Google Patents
Intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting generation of grinding cracks and inhibiting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110076659B CN110076659B CN201910433074.7A CN201910433074A CN110076659B CN 110076659 B CN110076659 B CN 110076659B CN 201910433074 A CN201910433074 A CN 201910433074A CN 110076659 B CN110076659 B CN 110076659B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008844 regulatory mechanism Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
- B24B19/22—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group characterised by a special design with respect to properties of the material of non-metallic articles to be ground
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/22—Equipment for exact control of the position of the grinding tool or work at the start of the grinding operation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting grinding crack generation, which comprises a fine adjusting device and a control system, wherein the fine adjusting device comprises a base, a workbench positioned above the base and three adjusting components which are positioned between the base and the workbench; the three adjusting components comprise three supporting rods, three sleeves and three dampers, wherein the three sleeves are all installed on the base, the three dampers are all installed on the base, the dampers and the sleeves are respectively arranged one by one, the three dampers are respectively located in the sleeves, the three supporting rods are respectively sleeved in the sleeves, the upper ends of the three supporting rods are all installed on the workbench in a swinging mode relative to the workbench, the lower ends of the three supporting rods are respectively connected with the dampers, and the lower ends of the supporting rods are located in the sleeves. When the workpiece is ground by the grinding piece, the grinding force is controlled by fine adjustment of the workpiece, so that the grinding force is always below a grinding threshold value, and grinding cracks of the workpiece are avoided. The invention also provides a suppression method for suppressing the generation of grinding cracks.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grinding, in particular to an intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting generation of grinding cracks and an inhibiting method.
Background
For hard and brittle materials (i.e. workpieces) such as silicon wafers, sapphires or ceramics, polishing is often needed to finish final finish machining on the surfaces of the hard and brittle materials, however, due to the problems of machine tool errors, rigidity and the like, a machine tool can not maintain relatively stable grinding force when the workpieces are finished, and cracks or even breaks on the surfaces of the workpieces are easily caused by overlarge grinding force.
In view of the above, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies and have thus produced the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting the generation of grinding cracks, which can slightly adjust the displacement and the angle of a workpiece so as to control the grinding force applied to the workpiece and avoid the generation of the grinding cracks of the workpiece due to overlarge grinding force.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a suppression method for suppressing the occurrence of grinding cracks, which can ensure that a workpiece does not develop grinding cracks due to excessive grinding force.
To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is:
an intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting generation of grinding cracks comprises a fine adjusting device and a control system, wherein the fine adjusting device comprises a base, a workbench for placing a workpiece and an adjusting component which is positioned between the base and the workbench; the workbench is positioned above the base, the adjusting component comprises three supporting rods, three sleeves and three dampers, the three sleeves are all arranged on the base, the three dampers and the three sleeves are respectively arranged one by one, the three dampers are respectively positioned in the corresponding sleeves, the three supporting rods are respectively and correspondingly inserted in the sleeves, the upper ends of the three supporting rods are all arranged on the workbench in a swinging mode relative to the workbench, the lower ends of the three supporting rods are respectively connected with the dampers, the lower ends of the supporting rods are positioned in the sleeves, and the three supporting rods are arranged in a delta shape;
the control system comprises a magnetic grid distance measuring device for measuring the displacement of each supporting rod in the axial direction of the supporting rod, an electromagnetic force measuring device for measuring the pressure born by each supporting rod and positioning each supporting rod, and a controller for processing the data transmitted by the magnetic grid distance measuring device and the electromagnetic force measuring device and controlling the axial movement of each supporting rod according to the processing result; the controller is internally provided with a first storage unit for storing grinding force threshold values of workpieces.
The magnetic grating distance measuring device comprises three magnetic grating rulers and three magnetic heads, wherein the three magnetic grating rulers and the three magnetic heads are respectively arranged one by one, the three magnetic grating rulers are respectively fixedly inserted into the corresponding support rods, the three magnetic head shells are respectively arranged at the upper ends outside the corresponding sleeves, and the heads of the magnetic heads are respectively contacted with the corresponding magnetic grating rulers, wherein the output ends of the three magnetic heads are electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller.
The electromagnetic force measuring device comprises three groups of electromagnets and three turns of electromagnetic coils, the three groups of electromagnets and the three turns of electromagnetic coils are respectively arranged one by one, the three groups of electromagnets and the three supporting rods are respectively arranged one by one, the three groups of electromagnets are respectively embedded in the lower parts of the corresponding supporting rods, the three turns of electromagnetic coils are respectively wound outside the lower ends of the corresponding sleeves, and the three groups of electromagnets are respectively positioned in the corresponding winding range of the electromagnetic coils, wherein the two ends of each electromagnetic coil are connected with the power output end of the controller.
The control system further comprises a temperature sampling device, the temperature sampling device comprises a sampling block arranged on the workbench and a thermocouple sensor embedded on the sampling block, the grinding surface of the sampling block and the sensing surface of the thermocouple sensor are located in the same plane, and the output end of the thermocouple sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller.
The upper end of each supporting rod is respectively installed on the workbench through a ball hinge, each ball hinge comprises a ball installation seat and a ball head which is installed in the ball installation seat in a sliding mode, each ball installation seat is installed on the workbench, and each ball head is respectively fixedly connected with the upper end of the corresponding supporting rod.
A suppression method for suppressing the generation of grinding cracks, comprising the steps of:
step A1: setting a threshold value: determining a grinding force threshold value of a workpiece with grinding cracks;
step A2: acquiring workpiece information: when the workpiece is ground by the grinding piece, the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece are obtained, and the current grinding force when the workpiece is ground is obtained;
step A3, acquiring grinding piece information: acquiring a grinding temperature signal generated when the grinding piece grinds the sampling block, obtaining a grinding temperature signal set, and extracting the temperature of a grinding contact area of the grinding piece and an abrasive grain impact signal from the temperature signal set to obtain the grinding state of the grinding piece and the grinding blunting state of the grinding piece;
step A4: and (3) analysis and judgment: and comparing the current grinding force with the grinding force threshold, judging by combining the current grinding state and the grinding blunting state of the grinding piece, and adjusting the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece according to the judging result so as to change the grinding force applied to the workpiece, thereby changing the grinding depth of the grinding piece to the workpiece and the direction of the grinding depth, and stabilizing the grinding force of the grinding piece to the workpiece below the grinding force threshold.
The workpiece is arranged on an intelligent adjusting mechanism, the intelligent adjusting mechanism comprises a fine adjusting device and a control system, the fine adjusting device comprises a base, a workbench used for placing the workpiece and an adjusting component arranged between the base and the workbench, the adjusting component comprises three supporting rods, three sleeves and three dampers, the three sleeves are respectively arranged on the base, the three dampers and the three sleeves are respectively arranged one by one, the three dampers are respectively positioned in the corresponding sleeves, the three supporting rods are respectively correspondingly inserted in the sleeves, the upper ends of the three supporting rods are respectively arranged on the workbench in a swinging mode relative to the workbench, the lower ends of the three supporting rods are respectively connected with the dampers, and the lower ends of the supporting rods are positioned in the sleeves; the control system comprises a magnetic grid distance measuring device and a controller, wherein the magnetic grid distance measuring device comprises three magnetic grid rulers and three magnetic heads, the three magnetic grid rulers and the three supporting rods are respectively arranged one by one, the three magnetic grid rulers and the three magnetic heads are respectively arranged one by one, the three magnetic grid rulers are respectively fixedly inserted into the corresponding supporting rods, the shells of the three magnetic heads are respectively arranged at the upper ends outside the corresponding sleeves, and the heads of the magnetic heads are respectively contacted with the corresponding magnetic grid rulers;
in the step A2, the three magnetic heads respectively collect the axial displacement of the corresponding magnetic grating ruler, and the controller receives and processes the data collected by the three magnetic heads to obtain the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece.
The control system further comprises an electromagnetic force measuring device, the electromagnetic force measuring device comprises three groups of electromagnets and three turns of electromagnetic coils, the three groups of electromagnets and the three turns of electromagnetic coils are respectively arranged one by one, the three groups of electromagnets and the three supporting rods are respectively arranged one by one, the three groups of electromagnets are respectively embedded in the lower parts of the corresponding supporting rods, the three turns of electromagnetic coils are respectively wound outside the lower ends of the corresponding sleeves, and the three groups of electromagnets are respectively positioned in the winding range of the corresponding electromagnetic coils;
in step A2, the grinding force applied to the workpiece is resisted by electromagnetic force generated by the three turns of electromagnetic coils and the corresponding electromagnets under the condition of current flow, and the controller extracts and processes the current passing through the three turns of electromagnetic coils to obtain the current grinding force.
The control system also comprises a temperature sampling device, wherein the temperature sampling device comprises a sampling block erected on the workbench and a thermocouple sensor embedded on the sampling block;
in step A3, the thermocouple sensor and the sampling block collect the grinding temperature signals, and the grinding temperature signals collected in unit time are combined into the temperature signal set; and identifying the grinding state of the grinding piece and the grinding dullness state of the grinding piece by comparing the temperature of the grinding contact area of the grinding piece and the abrasive grain thermal shock signal with corresponding preset thresholds.
In step A4, the controller adjusts the electromagnetic force applied to the three magnetic grids by controlling the current passing through each electromagnetic coil, and each magnetic grid drives the workpiece to move towards the direction approaching to the grinding piece or away from the grinding piece according to the relation between the vector sum of the electromagnetic forces and the current grinding force, so as to change the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece.
The intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting the generation of grinding cracks has the following beneficial effects: through setting up micromatic setting and control system, when grinding the work piece, measure the pressure that each bracing piece received through electromagnetic force measuring device, the total sum of the pressure that each bracing piece received is grinding force, then the controller compares grinding force threshold value and grinding force, and carry out the fine setting to the positional relationship of work piece relative grinding piece according to the judgement result, change the grinding degree of depth of work piece, reach the control to grinding force through the fine setting to the work piece in this, make grinding force be in grinding threshold value all the time, restrain grinding force's size, avoid the work piece to produce the grinding crack because of the grinding force is too big.
The suppression method for suppressing the generation of the grinding cracks has the beneficial effects that the grinding force can be effectively suppressed, so that the grinding force does not exceed the grinding force threshold value, and the occurrence of cracks of a workpiece due to overlarge grinding force is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure:
11-workbench 12-base
13-supporting rod 131-ball mounting seat
14-sleeve 15-damping
21-magnetic grid ruler 22-magnetic head
31-electromagnetic coil
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is explained in detail by specific examples.
An intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting the generation of grinding cracks is used together with a conventional grinding machine, and a grinding workpiece is positioned on the intelligent adjusting mechanism. The grinding machine can be a surface grinder, the intelligent adjusting mechanism is arranged on a workbench of the surface grinder, or the grinding machine can also be a grinding robot, and the intelligent adjusting mechanism is arranged between a workpiece and a clamping device at the tail end of the grinding robot.
In this embodiment, the intelligent adjusting mechanism is mounted on the surface grinder, and the grinding material is used as a grinding wheel.
In this embodiment, a grinding wheel is taken as an example.
As shown in fig. 1, includes a fine tuning device and a control system. The fine adjustment device comprises a workbench 11, a base 12 and an adjusting component, wherein the adjusting component is located between the workbench 11 and the base 12, and the workbench 11 is located above the base 12. The workbench 11 is used for placing a workpiece to be ground, the workpiece is made of a hard and brittle material, the workbench 11 is located right below a grinding wheel, and the grinding wheel is used for grinding the workpiece on the workbench 11.
The adjusting component comprises three supporting rods 13, three sleeves 14 and three damping 15, wherein the three supporting rods 13 are arranged in a delta shape, the lower ends of the three sleeves 14 are fixedly arranged on the base 12, the lower ends of the three damping 15 are arranged on the base 12, the three sleeves 14 and the three damping 15 are respectively arranged in a one-to-one mode, the three damping 15 are respectively arranged in the corresponding sleeves 14, the upper ends of the three supporting rods 13 are respectively arranged on the workbench 11 in a one-to-one mode in a swinging mode relative to the workbench 11, the lower ends of the three supporting rods 13 are respectively connected with the upper ends of the corresponding damping 15, and the lower ends of the three supporting rods 13 are respectively arranged in the corresponding sleeves 14, and gaps are reserved between the lower ends of the three supporting rods 13 and the corresponding sleeves 14. Wherein, the range of the common surrounding of the upper ends of the three supporting rods 13 projected onto the base 12 is located in the range of the common surrounding of the lower ends of the three supporting rods 13.
Specifically, three supporting rods 13 are respectively installed at the lower table surface of the workbench 11 through ball hinges, and the three ball hinges are all conventional connecting components. The three ball hinges comprise ball mounting seats 131 and ball heads slidably mounted in the corresponding ball mounting seats 13, the three ball mounting seats 131 are fixedly mounted on the lower table top of the workbench 10 respectively, and the three ball heads are connected with the upper ends of the corresponding supporting rods 13 respectively, so that the three supporting rods 13 swing on the workbench 11 respectively through the sliding of the three ball heads in the corresponding ball mounting seats 131 respectively. In this embodiment, the three balls are integrally formed with the corresponding support rods 13. The three dampers 15 are all commercially available dampers, and the three dampers 15 are all telescopic dampers. Preferably, the three sleeves 14 have the same structure, so one sleeve 14 is taken as an example for illustration, the sleeve 14 sequentially has a first section, a second section and a third section from top to bottom, the diameters of the first section and the second section are the same, and the corresponding electromagnetic coil is wound outside the second section.
In the invention, three support rods 13 are respectively arranged on a workbench through corresponding ball hinges, when the three support rods 13 swing relative to the workbench 11, the corresponding damping 15 is respectively contracted by the swinging of the three support rods 13, so that the workbench 11 moves downwards in a trace amount. Moreover, when the three support rods 13 swing, the three support rods 13 are respectively limited by the corresponding sleeves 14, so that the lower ends of the three support rods 13 swing slightly in the gap range inside the corresponding sleeves 14, and further, the three support rods 13 can swing slightly. In addition, the table 11 may be slightly moved upward or slightly moved downward by the three support rods 13, which will be described later.
In the invention, the upper ends of the three support rods are matched with the workbench through the ball hinge, the three support rods can swing slightly relative to the workbench, and the swinging angle is in the range of 0.01-1 degree; meanwhile, the fine adjustment distance of the three support rods can enable the workpiece to move upwards or downwards, and the distance fluctuation of the upward movement or the downward movement is within the range of 0.001-0.1 mm.
The control system comprises a magnetic grid distance measuring device, an electromagnetic force measuring device and a controller. The magnetic grating distance measuring device is used for measuring the displacement of each supporting rod 13 moving along the axial direction of the supporting rod, the electromagnetic force measuring device is used for measuring the pressure born by each supporting rod and positioning each supporting rod, and the controller is used for processing the current data of the magnetic grating distance measuring device and the electromagnetic force measuring device and controlling the axial movement of each supporting rod 13 according to the processing result.
In the invention, the controller is a controller sold in the market, such as a PLC controller or a singlechip system.
The magnetic grating distance measuring device comprises three magnetic grating rulers 21 and three magnetic heads 22, wherein the three magnetic grating rulers 21 and the three magnetic heads 22 are respectively arranged one by one, and the three magnetic grating rulers 21 are respectively arranged one by one with the three supporting rods 13. Specifically, the three magnetic grating bars 21 are fixedly inserted into the corresponding support rods 13, the shells of the three magnetic heads 22 are fixedly mounted at the upper ends outside the corresponding sleeves 14, and the heads of the three magnetic heads 22 are contacted with the corresponding magnetic grating bars 21. Wherein, the output ends of the three magnetic heads 22 are electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller. When the three support rods 13 are respectively changed in position relative to the corresponding magnetic heads 22, the three magnetic heads 22 respectively detect the displacement amounts of the corresponding magnetic grid ruler 21 and output the displacement amounts to the controller.
In the invention, the three support rods 13 respectively change the angular posture of the workbench 11 in space along with the different displacement of the axial movement of the support rods, so that the angular posture of a workpiece in space is changed. According to the principle of determining a plane by three points, the plane formed by the upper end points of the three support rods 13, that is, the table surface of the table 11, can be determined as long as the upper end points of the three support rods 13 are determined. That is, the three magnetic heads 22 respectively obtain the displacement amounts of the corresponding support rods 13 in the axial direction, that is, the three magnetic heads 22 respectively obtain the displacement amounts of the upper ends of the corresponding support rods 13, the three magnetic heads 22 transmit the obtained displacement information to the controller, the controller processes through conventional dimensional conversion, that is, the displacement of the plane formed by the upper end points of the three support rods 13 together and the angular change in space can be obtained, that is, the plane formed by the upper end points of the three support rods 13 together is the table surface of the table 11, and then the controller can obtain the displacement of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel and the angular change in space.
The electromagnetic force measuring device comprises three groups of electromagnets and three turns of electromagnetic coils 31, the three groups of electromagnets and the three turns of electromagnetic coils 31 are respectively and one-to-one arranged, the three groups of electromagnets and the three supporting rods 13 are respectively and one-to-one arranged, the three turns of electromagnetic coils 31 and the three supporting rods 13 are respectively and one-to-one arranged, the three groups of electromagnets are respectively embedded in the lower parts of the corresponding supporting rods 13, the three turns of electromagnetic coils 31 are respectively wound outside the lower ends of the corresponding sleeves 14, and the groups of electromagnets are respectively located in the winding range of the corresponding electromagnetic coils 31. Wherein, two ends of the three-turn electromagnetic coil 31 are respectively and electrically connected with the power output end of the controller.
When three turns of electromagnetic coils 31 are electrified, the electromagnets on the three support rods are respectively subjected to electromagnetic force due to electromagnetic induction phenomenon. When the vector sum of electromagnetic forces received by each support rod 13 is equal to the pressure received by the workbench 11, the three support rods 13 are fixed relative to the workbench 11, wherein the pressure received by the workbench 11 is the grinding force, which is also the sum of the pressures received by the three support rods 13 together; when the vector sum of electromagnetic forces received by the three support rods 13 is larger than the pressure received by the workbench 11, the three support rods 13 push the workbench 11 to move upwards together to be close to the grinding wheel so as to increase the actual grinding depth of the grinding wheel on the workpiece; when the vector sum of the electromagnetic forces received by the three support rods 13 is smaller than the pressure received by the table 11, the three support rods 13 push the table 11 downward together so as to reduce the actual grinding depth of the grinding wheel on the workpiece.
In the present invention, the magnitude of electromagnetic force received by the three support rods 13 is adjusted by changing the current passing through each electromagnetic coil 31 by the controller. When the three support rods 13 move along the axial direction of the support rods, the controller adjusts the electromagnetic force by adjusting the current passing through the electromagnetic coils 31 in real time, so that the vector sum of the electromagnetic force received by the three support rods and the grinding force received by the workpiece are balanced. The larger the current passing through each electromagnetic coil 31, the larger the grinding force applied to the workpiece, so that the grinding force applied to the workpiece can be monitored in real time by monitoring the current of each electromagnetic coil 31 in real time.
In the invention, a first storage unit is arranged in the controller and is used for storing a grinding force threshold value of a hard and brittle material, the grinding force threshold value is set manually, and the grinding force threshold value is the relation between grinding cracks and grinding force in corresponding workpieces obtained according to experiments.
When the work piece is installed on the work table 11, the working process of the intelligent adjusting mechanism is as follows: when a grinding piece grinds a workpiece, the controller obtains the displacement of each support rod 13 which is measured by the magnetic grid distance measuring device and moves along the axial direction of the support rod, and the displacement of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel and the change of the angle in space are obtained through processing; the grinding force of the grinding piece acts on the workpiece, so that the workpiece applies downward pressure to the workbench 11, the three support rods 13 are all subjected to the downward pressure, in order to enable the three support rods 13 to resist the downward pressure applied by the workpiece, the controller changes the current of each electromagnetic coil, so that the vector sum of electromagnetic force applied by each support rod 13 is equal to the pressure born by the workbench 11, the three support rods 13 are all fixed on the workbench 11, the grinding wheel is convenient to grind, and at the moment, the controller obtains the current of each current coil, and the grinding force applied by the workpiece can be obtained. Then, the controller compares the obtained grinding force with a grinding force threshold value, judges whether to adjust the fine adjustment device, if the grinding force is below the grinding force threshold value, the controller does not act, if the grinding force is close to the grinding force threshold value, the controller controls the adjustment assembly according to the displacement and the space angle of the current workpiece relative to the grinding wheel, and changes the current passing through each electromagnetic coil, so that the three support rods 13 move downwards, the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel are changed, the grinding force is maintained below the grinding force threshold value, and grinding cracks of the workpiece due to overlarge grinding force are avoided.
According to the intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting the generation of the grinding cracks, through the arrangement of the fine adjusting device and the control system, when a workpiece is ground by a grinding piece, the control system can finely adjust the position relation of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece according to the spatial displacement and the spatial angle change between the grinding piece and the workpiece so as to change the grinding depth of the workpiece, so that the grinding force is controlled by finely adjusting the workpiece, the grinding force is always below a grinding threshold value, and the grinding force is inhibited, so that the grinding cracks of the workpiece due to overlarge grinding force are avoided.
In the invention, the control system further comprises a temperature sampling device, wherein the temperature sampling device is an existing conventional temperature sampling device, for example, the thermocouple sensor is mentioned in application number of 201910089047.2 and name of a method and device for on-line monitoring of grinding wheel grinding state, and the working method of the temperature sampling device is the same as that of the method for on-line monitoring of grinding wheel grinding state. That is, the temperature sampling device comprises a sampling block and a thermocouple sensor embedded on the sampling block, wherein the output end of the thermocouple sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller, and the signal output end of the controller is electrically connected with the driving end of the grinding machine. The sampling block is fixedly mounted on the workbench 11 through the support, and the sensing surface of the thermocouple sensor and the grinding surface of the sampling block are positioned on the same plane, wherein the grinding surface of the sampling block refers to the upper side surface of the sampling block when the sampling block is mounted on the workbench 11.
In the process of grinding a workpiece by using the grinding wheel, the grinding wheel moves onto a sampling block at intervals, the sensing surface of the thermocouple sensor is ground, so that the grinding temperature is acquired, a grinding temperature signal set is obtained, the grinding temperature signal set is analyzed by the controller, the number of high-frequency signals in the grinding temperature signal set, namely the number of abrasive particle heat pulses, is extracted to identify the number of effective abrasive particles of the grinding wheel, the low-frequency signals of the grinding temperature signals are extracted, the temperature of a grinding contact area of the grinding wheel can be identified by averaging the low-frequency signals, the grinding contact area of the grinding wheel refers to the grinding surface of the grinding wheel, and the controller compares two factors of the effective abrasive particles of the grinding wheel and the temperature of the grinding contact area of the grinding wheel with a manually set grinding temperature threshold value so as to judge the grinding state of the grinding wheel. The manually set grinding temperature threshold is a temperature threshold obtained through a large number of experiments, and the controller is provided with a second storage unit which stores a preset temperature threshold. When the grinding wheel is worn to a certain extent, the grinding force of the grinding wheel is increased, the grinding temperature is increased, and the controller judges whether to stop the work of the grinding wheel according to the analysis result of the grinding temperature acquired by the temperature sampling device so as to sharpen the grinding wheel.
In the invention, the controller analyzes the state of the workpiece and the grinding state of the grinding piece to judge whether to control the action of the fine adjustment device, and adjusts the axial displacement of each supporting rod 13 so as to change the grinding force, thereby changing the grinding depth of the workpiece and the grinding depth direction, and ensuring that the grinding force applied to the workpiece is always below the grinding force threshold. In this embodiment, the workpiece state includes the grinding force currently experienced by the workpiece, the displacement of the workpiece, and the spatial angle of the workpiece.
The invention also provides a suppression method for suppressing the generation of grinding cracks, which comprises the following steps:
step A1: setting a threshold value: determining a grinding force threshold value for generating cracks on a workpiece;
step A2: acquiring workpiece information: when a workpiece is ground by a grinding piece, the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece are obtained, and meanwhile, the current grinding force when the current workpiece is ground is obtained;
step A3: acquiring information of a grinding piece: acquiring a grinding temperature signal generated when a grinding piece grinds a sampling block, obtaining a temperature signal set, and extracting the temperature of a grinding contact area of the grinding piece and an abrasive grain impact signal from the temperature signal set to obtain the current grinding state of the grinding piece and the grinding blunting state of the grinding piece;
step A4: and (3) analysis and judgment: and comparing the current grinding force with a set grinding force threshold, judging by combining the current grinding blunting state and the grinding state of the grinding piece, and adjusting the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece according to the judging result so as to change the grinding force applied to the workpiece, thereby changing the grinding depth of the grinding piece to the workpiece and the direction of the grinding depth, and stabilizing the grinding force of the grinding piece to the workpiece below the grinding force threshold.
In the invention, the workpiece is arranged on the intelligent adjusting mechanism.
In step A1, the grinding force threshold is set manually and stored in the first memory unit of the controller. The determination of the grinding force threshold value is performed by analyzing the grinding mechanism of the workpiece and the relation between the grinding crack generated by the workpiece and the grinding force. In other words, the grinding force threshold value can be obtained from experimental data.
In step A2, the three magnetic heads 22 in the magnetic grating distance measuring device respectively collect the displacement of the corresponding magnetic grating ruler 21 along the axial movement of the magnetic grating ruler, namely, the displacement of the supporting rod 13 along the axial movement of the magnetic grating ruler, the three magnetic heads 22 transmit the collected data to the controller, the controller processes the collected data to obtain the displacement and the space angle information of the plane formed by the end points at the upper ends of the three supporting rods 13, and then the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece can be obtained;
in step A2, the current grinding force applied to the workpiece is obtained by the electromagnetic force measuring device, when the current grinding force acts on the workpiece, the workbench 11 receives downward pressure of the workpiece, the workbench 11 transmits the downward pressure to the three support rods 13, the controller applies electromagnetic force to each support rod 13 by controlling electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic force measuring device so as to resist the action of the grinding force, so that the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece are kept unchanged, and the controller obtains the current of each electromagnetic coil, so that the current grinding force can be obtained.
In step A3, the grinding state and the grinding state of the grinding wheel are monitored by the temperature sampling device, and the monitoring method is the same as the method for on-line monitoring of the grinding state of the grinding wheel mentioned in the application number of 201910089047.2 and the name of the method for on-line monitoring of the grinding state of the grinding wheel and the device thereof by the applicant, so that description is not repeated.
In step A4, if the current grinding force exceeds the grinding force threshold, the controller reduces the electromagnetic force received by the three support rods 13 by reducing the current passing through each electromagnetic coil, so that the vector sum of each electromagnetic force is smaller than the current grinding force, the workpiece moves downwards, the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding member are changed, and the grinding force received by the workpiece is reduced; if the current grinding force is smaller than the grinding force threshold, but the grinding temperature of the grinding wheel is larger than the temperature threshold, namely, the abrasion of the grinding surface of the grinding wheel is serious, the controller reduces the electromagnetic force received by the three support rods 13 by reducing the current passing through each electromagnetic coil, so that the vector sum of the electromagnetic forces is smaller than the current grinding force, the workpiece moves downwards, the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece are changed, and the grinding force received by the workpiece is reduced.
For example, the grinding member wears to a certain degree, at this time, the grinding force of the grinding member becomes large, the grinding temperature becomes high, the controller processes to obtain the grinding state of the current grinding member, the grinding force received by the current workpiece, and the displacement and the spatial angle of the current workpiece relative to the grinding member, and the controller judges that the grinding force received by the workpiece is too large, so the controller changes the current magnitude of each current coil, so that the vector sum of the electromagnetic force received by each support rod 13 is smaller than the grinding force received by the workpiece, the three support rods 13 push the workbench 11 downwards together, and the grinding force received by the workpiece is reduced, thereby reducing the actual grinding depth of the grinding member to the workpiece.
The method for inhibiting the generation of the grinding cracks can effectively inhibit the grinding force, so that the grinding force does not exceed the grinding force threshold value, and the cracks of the workpiece caused by overlarge grinding force are avoided.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications that come within the scope of the following claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (7)
1. A intelligent adjustment mechanism for inhibiting grinding crack produces, its characterized in that: the device comprises a fine adjustment device and a control system, wherein the fine adjustment device comprises a base, a workbench used for placing a workpiece and an adjusting component which is positioned between the base and the workbench; the workbench is positioned above the base, the adjusting component comprises three supporting rods, three sleeves and three dampers, the three sleeves are all arranged on the base, the three dampers and the three sleeves are respectively arranged one by one, the three dampers are respectively positioned in the corresponding sleeves, the three supporting rods are respectively and correspondingly inserted in the sleeves, the upper ends of the three supporting rods are all arranged on the workbench in a swinging mode relative to the workbench, the lower ends of the three supporting rods are respectively connected with the dampers, the lower ends of the supporting rods are positioned in the sleeves, and the three supporting rods are arranged in a delta shape;
the control system comprises a magnetic grid distance measuring device for measuring the displacement of each supporting rod in the axial direction of the supporting rod, an electromagnetic force measuring device for measuring the pressure born by each supporting rod and positioning each supporting rod, and a controller for processing the data transmitted by the magnetic grid distance measuring device and the electromagnetic force measuring device and controlling the axial movement of each supporting rod according to the processing result; wherein, the controller is internally provided with a first storage unit for storing grinding force threshold values of workpieces;
the magnetic grating distance measuring device comprises three magnetic grating rulers and three magnetic heads, wherein the three magnetic grating rulers and the three supporting rods are respectively arranged one by one, the three magnetic grating rulers and the three magnetic heads are respectively arranged one by one, the three magnetic grating rulers are respectively fixedly inserted into the corresponding supporting rods, the shells of the three magnetic heads are respectively arranged at the upper ends outside the corresponding sleeves, and the heads of the magnetic heads are respectively contacted with the corresponding magnetic grating rulers, wherein the output ends of the three magnetic heads are electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller;
the electromagnetic force measuring device comprises three groups of electromagnets and three turns of electromagnetic coils, the three groups of electromagnets and the three turns of electromagnetic coils are respectively arranged one by one, the three groups of electromagnets and the three supporting rods are respectively arranged one by one, the three groups of electromagnets are respectively embedded in the lower parts of the corresponding supporting rods, the three turns of electromagnetic coils are respectively wound outside the lower ends of the corresponding sleeves, and the three groups of electromagnets are respectively positioned in the winding range of the corresponding electromagnetic coils, wherein the two ends of each electromagnetic coil are connected with the power output end of the controller;
the upper end of each supporting rod is respectively installed on the workbench through a ball hinge, each ball hinge comprises a ball installation seat and a ball head which is installed in the ball installation seat in a sliding mode, each ball installation seat is installed on the workbench, and each ball head is respectively fixedly connected with the upper end of the corresponding supporting rod.
2. An intelligent regulation mechanism for inhibiting the generation of grinding cracks according to claim 1, wherein: the control system further comprises a temperature sampling device, the temperature sampling device comprises a sampling block arranged on the workbench and a thermocouple sensor embedded on the sampling block, the grinding surface of the sampling block and the sensing surface of the thermocouple sensor are located in the same plane, and the output end of the thermocouple sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the controller.
3. A suppression method for suppressing the occurrence of grinding cracks, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step A1: setting a threshold value: determining a grinding force threshold value of a workpiece with grinding cracks;
step A2: acquiring workpiece information: when the workpiece is ground by the grinding piece, the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece are obtained, and the current grinding force when the workpiece is ground is obtained;
step A3, acquiring grinding piece information: acquiring a grinding temperature signal generated when the grinding piece grinds the sampling block, obtaining a grinding temperature signal set, and extracting the temperature of a grinding contact area of the grinding piece and an abrasive grain impact signal from the temperature signal set to obtain the grinding state of the grinding piece and the grinding blunting state of the grinding piece;
step A4: and (3) analysis and judgment: and comparing the current grinding force with the grinding force threshold, judging by combining the current grinding state and the grinding blunting state of the grinding piece, and adjusting the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece according to the judging result so as to change the grinding force applied to the workpiece, thereby changing the grinding depth of the grinding piece to the workpiece and the direction of the grinding depth, and stabilizing the grinding force of the grinding piece to the workpiece below the grinding force threshold.
4. A suppression method for suppressing grinding crack generation according to claim 3, characterized in that: the workpiece is arranged on an intelligent adjusting mechanism, the intelligent adjusting mechanism comprises a fine adjusting device and a control system, the fine adjusting device comprises a base, a workbench used for placing the workpiece and an adjusting component arranged between the base and the workbench, the adjusting component comprises three supporting rods, three sleeves and three dampers, the three sleeves are respectively arranged on the base, the three dampers and the three sleeves are respectively arranged one by one, the three dampers are respectively positioned in the corresponding sleeves, the three supporting rods are respectively correspondingly inserted in the sleeves, the upper ends of the three supporting rods are respectively arranged on the workbench in a swinging mode relative to the workbench, the lower ends of the three supporting rods are respectively connected with the dampers, and the lower ends of the supporting rods are positioned in the sleeves; the control system comprises a magnetic grid distance measuring device and a controller, wherein the magnetic grid distance measuring device comprises three magnetic grid rulers and three magnetic heads, the three magnetic grid rulers and the three supporting rods are respectively arranged one by one, the three magnetic grid rulers and the three magnetic heads are respectively arranged one by one, the three magnetic grid rulers are respectively fixedly inserted into the corresponding supporting rods, the shells of the three magnetic heads are respectively arranged at the upper ends outside the corresponding sleeves, and the heads of the magnetic heads are respectively contacted with the corresponding magnetic grid rulers;
in the step A2, the three magnetic heads respectively collect the axial displacement of the corresponding magnetic grating ruler, and the controller receives and processes the data collected by the three magnetic heads to obtain the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece.
5. A suppression method for suppressing grinding crack generation according to claim 4, characterized in that: the control system further comprises an electromagnetic force measuring device, the electromagnetic force measuring device comprises three groups of electromagnets and three turns of electromagnetic coils, the three groups of electromagnets and the three turns of electromagnetic coils are respectively arranged one by one, the three groups of electromagnets and the three supporting rods are respectively arranged one by one, the three groups of electromagnets are respectively embedded in the lower parts of the corresponding supporting rods, the three turns of electromagnetic coils are respectively wound outside the lower ends of the corresponding sleeves, and the three groups of electromagnets are respectively positioned in the winding range of the corresponding electromagnetic coils;
in step A2, the grinding force applied to the workpiece is resisted by electromagnetic force generated by the three turns of electromagnetic coils and the corresponding electromagnets under the condition of current flow, and the controller extracts and processes the current passing through the three turns of electromagnetic coils to obtain the current grinding force.
6. A suppression method for suppressing grinding crack generation according to claim 5, characterized in that: the control system also comprises a temperature sampling device, wherein the temperature sampling device comprises a sampling block erected on the workbench and a thermocouple sensor embedded on the sampling block;
in step A3, the thermocouple sensor and the sampling block collect the grinding temperature signals, and the grinding temperature signals collected in unit time are combined into the temperature signal set; and identifying the grinding state of the grinding piece and the grinding dullness state of the grinding piece by comparing the temperature of the grinding contact area of the grinding piece and the abrasive grain thermal shock signal with corresponding preset thresholds.
7. A suppression method for suppressing grinding crack generation according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step A4, the controller adjusts the electromagnetic force applied to the three magnetic grids by controlling the current passing through each electromagnetic coil, and each magnetic grid drives the workpiece to move towards the direction approaching to the grinding piece or away from the grinding piece according to the relation between the vector sum of the electromagnetic forces and the current grinding force, so as to change the displacement and the space angle of the workpiece relative to the grinding piece.
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| US3755909A (en) * | 1970-07-01 | 1973-09-04 | Toyoda Machine Works Ltd | Wide range dimension measuring apparatus |
| CN105215852A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-06 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of grinding-wheel grinder undermines measurement mechanism and the method for G ratio |
| CN106881648A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-23 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of tuning for Controllable Pitch Propeller blade surface sanding apparatus and polishing process |
| CN109648478A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-19 | 华侨大学 | A kind of method and device thereof for monitoring wheel passivatio state on-line |
| CN210160899U (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-03-20 | 华侨大学 | Intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting generation of grinding cracks |
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| US3755909A (en) * | 1970-07-01 | 1973-09-04 | Toyoda Machine Works Ltd | Wide range dimension measuring apparatus |
| CN105215852A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-06 | 青岛理工大学 | A kind of grinding-wheel grinder undermines measurement mechanism and the method for G ratio |
| CN106881648A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-23 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of tuning for Controllable Pitch Propeller blade surface sanding apparatus and polishing process |
| CN109648478A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-19 | 华侨大学 | A kind of method and device thereof for monitoring wheel passivatio state on-line |
| CN210160899U (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2020-03-20 | 华侨大学 | Intelligent adjusting mechanism for inhibiting generation of grinding cracks |
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