CN110076439B - Flash butt welding connection method for hard alloy cutting edge - Google Patents
Flash butt welding connection method for hard alloy cutting edge Download PDFInfo
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- CN110076439B CN110076439B CN201910407841.7A CN201910407841A CN110076439B CN 110076439 B CN110076439 B CN 110076439B CN 201910407841 A CN201910407841 A CN 201910407841A CN 110076439 B CN110076439 B CN 110076439B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/04—Flash butt welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/34—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
A flash butt welding method for a hard alloy blade relates to a hard alloy welding method. The method aims to solve the problems of poor joint hardness and wear resistance, large joint residual stress and easy bending and cracking of the existing welding of hard alloy and hard alloy. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating the surface of hard alloy; secondly, clamping before welding; thirdly, preheating before welding; fourthly, intermittent flash butt welding; fifthly, continuous flash butt welding; sixthly, postweld heat treatment. The method has simple process, improves the production efficiency of hard alloy welding, saves the production cost, and is more suitable for preparing high-quality long-size hard alloy products; no filling material is used, the hardness and the wear resistance of a welding joint are equivalent to those of hard alloy, the performance of the joint is greatly improved, and the use performance of a flash butt welding joint is improved by 50-85% compared with that of a brazing joint; the flash butt welding joint has no obvious welding seam area, and the residual stress of the joint is reduced by 10-30% compared with that of the brazing joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding method of hard alloy.
Background
The mechanization degree of modern non-metal processing industry (industries such as woodworking, paper cutting, cloth cutting, leather layer breaking and the like) is higher and higher, the higher requirement is also placed on the processing quality precision of the product, and the requirement of a corresponding mechanical processing cutter is also quite urgent. The hard alloy cutter has the advantages of high cutting speed, high machining efficiency, good wear resistance and long service life, and becomes the preferred cutter. Because the original sizes of the materials such as the processed paper, the processed cloth and the like are larger, the sizes of the corresponding processing cutters are also longer. The hard alloy is a metal ceramic tool material which is mainly prepared by taking a refractory metal compound as a matrix and transition metal as a binding phase through a powder metallurgy method; the preparation method limits the difficulty in producing long-size hard alloy materials, and in order to obtain the long-size hard alloy, a welding technology is required to realize reliable connection between the hard alloy and the hard alloy.
There are two main problems associated with the welding of cemented carbide to cemented carbide and it has become a bottleneck technology limiting the development of cemented carbide welding. These two problems are respectively: one is the selection of the filler material alloy. If a common filling material is selected, the hardness and the wear resistance of the filling material are often different from those of hard alloy, the filling material is firstly worn during working, convex marks are left on the processing materials such as paper and cloth, the quality of a product is affected, and the product cannot be used in severe cases; the two filling materials and the hard alloy have great difference in thermal expansion coefficient; particularly, a large residual stress is generated in the welding process, so that the joint part of the hard alloy is seriously bent, and the hard alloy can crack until the hard alloy is cracked in the subsequent processing treatment; the high-quality long-size hard alloy product has high welding difficulty and high technical content, and the welding problem is difficult to solve all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor joint hardness and wear resistance, large joint residual stress and easy bending and cracking of the existing welding of hard alloy and hard alloy, and provides a flash butt welding connection method for a hard alloy blade.
A flash butt welding connection method for a hard alloy blade is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, hard alloy surface pretreatment: respectively opening two hard alloy workpiece ports with the thickness of 0.5-3 mm into a K shape, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surfaces of the hard alloy workpiece ports to remove oxide films, then carrying out alkali washing for 5-10 min, washing with water, then carrying out acid washing for 5-10 min, washing with water, then placing the hard alloy workpiece ports in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 10-30 min, and drying with hot air for later use;
secondly, clamping before welding: respectively clamping the hard alloy workpieces preprocessed in the step one on a fixed clamp and a movable clamp with electrodes by adopting a flash butt welding machine with the power of 1000kVA, wherein the extension length is 23-25 mm, the clamping force is 1-10 kN, K-shaped ports of the two hard alloy workpieces are oppositely arranged, and the assembly gap is 3-5 mm;
thirdly, preheating before welding: applying 1-20V voltage to electrodes on two sides of the flash butt welding machine, moving a movable clamp at the speed of 1-10 mm/s, separating K-shaped ports of two hard alloy workpieces after contacting, and continuously performing the operation of separating the K-shaped ports after contacting for 20-90 times, wherein the electrifying time is 0.01-0.1 s each time until the two K-shaped ports are heated to 800-1100 ℃;
fourthly, intermittent flash butt welding: the assembly gap of the K-shaped ports of the two hard alloy workpieces is 0, the voltage is 5-30V, and the current density is 5-200A/mm2The flash burning rate is 0.4-4.8 mm/s, the moving clamp is at the initial speed of 0.2-2.4 mm/s and the initial speed of 0.1-0.8 mm/s2The acceleration of the feed roller makes an accelerated feed motion,In the process, the distance between the two ends is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 15mm, after the preset flash allowance is 5-25 mm, the upsetting speed is 20-200 mm/s, the upsetting pressure is 40-150 MPa, the flash allowance is 3-11 mm, the upsetting allowance is 1-5 mm, the intermittent flash butt welding is finished, and a ring blank is formed between the two end faces;
fifthly, continuous flash butt welding: after a ring blank is formed, moving the movable clamp at the speed of 50-150 mm/s, impacting the movable clamp with the other end face under the upsetting force of 0.5-20 kN, and finishing continuous flash butt welding to form a thin-wall ring piece;
sixthly, postweld heat treatment: and (3) maintaining the pressure of the thin-wall ring piece for 15-25 s under the action of 0.5-20 kN upsetting force, taking out the thin-wall ring piece, and then putting the thin-wall ring piece into a heating furnace to keep the temperature for 1-15 h at 100-600 ℃, thus finishing the flash butt welding connection of the hard alloy blade.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention solves the problems of poor joint hardness and wear resistance, large joint residual stress and easy bending and cracking existing in the existing welding of hard alloy and hard alloy;
the process is simple, the production efficiency of hard alloy welding is improved, the production cost is saved, and the method is more suitable for preparing high-quality long-size hard alloy products;
the flash butt welding connection method for the hard alloy blade does not use any filling material, no other alloy exists in the hard alloy and hard alloy flash butt welding connection joint, the hardness and the wear resistance of the welding joint are equivalent to those of the hard alloy, the joint performance is greatly improved, the high-quality welding joint of the hard alloy can be obtained, and the use performance of the flash butt welding joint is improved by 50-85% compared with that of the welding joint;
the flash butt welding method for the hard alloy blade can continuously perform flash welding on the hard alloy blade in the flash welding process so as to improve the welding quality, the flash butt welding joint has no obvious welding line area, the residual stress of the joint is 10-30% lower than that of a brazed joint, and the hardness of the joint is uniform with that of a base metal through short-time high-temperature tempering treatment after the hard alloy joint is welded, so that the performance of the integral hard alloy member is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flash butt weld connection of a carbide blade according to a first embodiment, wherein 1 denotes carbide, 2 denotes a fixed clamp, 3 denotes a movable clamp, and 4 denotes an electrode;
FIG. 2 is a macroscopic structural view of a cemented carbide joint according to the example.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the flash butt welding connection method for the hard alloy blade is realized according to the following steps:
firstly, hard alloy surface pretreatment: respectively opening two hard alloy workpieces with the thickness of 0.5-3 mm into a K shape at the end openings, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surfaces of the hard alloy workpieces to remove oxide films, then carrying out alkali washing for 5-10 min, washing with water, then carrying out acid washing for 5-10 min, washing with water, then placing the hard alloy workpieces in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 10-30 min, and drying with hot air for later use;
secondly, clamping before welding: respectively clamping the hard alloy workpiece pretreated in the step one on a fixed clamp and a movable clamp with electrodes by adopting a flash butt welding machine with the power of 1000kVA, wherein the extension length is 23-25 mm, the clamping force is 1-10 kN, two K-shaped ports are oppositely arranged, and the assembly gap is 3-5 mm;
thirdly, preheating before welding: applying 1-20V voltage between electrodes on two sides of the flash butt welding machine, moving the movable clamp at the speed of 1-10 mm/s to enable the two K-shaped ports to be in contact with each other and be separated from each other, continuing for 20-90 times, and enabling the electrifying time to be 0.01-0.1 s each time until the two K-shaped ports are heated to 800-1100 ℃;
fourthly, intermittent flash butt welding: the assembly gap of the K-shaped ports of the two hard alloy workpieces is 0, the voltage is 5-30V, and the current density is 5-200A/mm2The flash burning rate is 0.4-4.8 mm/s, the initial speed of the movable clamp is 0.2-2.4 mm/s, and the initial speed of the movable clamp is 0.1～0.8mm/s2The acceleration makes accelerated feeding movement, the distance between two ends is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 15mm in the process, after the preset flash allowance is 5-25 mm, the upsetting speed is 20-200 mm/s, the upsetting pressure is 40-150 MPa, the intermittent flash butt welding is finished after the flash allowance is 3-11 mm and the upset allowance is 1-5 mm, and a ring blank is formed between two end faces;
fifthly, continuous flash butt welding: after a ring blank is formed, moving the movable clamp at the speed of 50-150 mm/s, impacting the movable clamp with the other end face under the upsetting force of 0.5-20 kN, and finishing continuous flash butt welding to form a thin-wall ring piece;
sixthly, postweld heat treatment: and (3) maintaining the pressure of the thin-wall ring piece for 15-25 s under the action of 0.5-20 kN upsetting force, taking out the thin-wall ring piece, and then putting the thin-wall ring piece into a heating furnace to keep the temperature for 1-15 h at 100-600 ℃, thus finishing the flash butt welding connection of the hard alloy blade.
In the first step of the present embodiment, a commercially available blasting material is used for the blasting treatment, and the blasting treatment is performed by a conventional method.
In the fourth step of the embodiment, if the assembly gap between the two K-shaped ports is 0, a plurality of contact points are formed, and when a current passes through the contact points, the contact points are melted by heat to form a liquid metal lintel connecting two end surfaces and are ejected outwards at a high speed after blasting to form flash; with the propulsion of the movable clamp, the liquid metal lintel is continuously generated and exploded and is ejected outwards at high speed to form flash; after the intermittent flash butt welding process is finished, a layer of molten metal is covered between the two end faces after flash burning to form a ring blank.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that in the first step, a NaOH solution with a mass concentration of 5% -30% at normal temperature is used for alkaline washing. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that HNO with the mass concentration of 5-50% is adopted in the acid washing in the first step3And (3) solution. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the third embodiment is that in the first step, two hard alloy workpieces with the thickness of 1.5mm are respectively opened into a K shape at the end, the surfaces of the hard alloy workpieces are subjected to sand blasting treatment to remove oxide films, then alkali washing is carried out for 7min, water washing is carried out, acid washing is carried out for 7min, water washing is carried out, and then the hard alloy workpieces are placed in acetone to be subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 20 min. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is that in the second step, the extension length is 24mm, the clamping force is 5kN, the two K-shaped ports are oppositely arranged, and the assembly gap is 4 mm. Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between the first embodiment and the fifth embodiment is that in the third step, a voltage of 10V is applied between the electrodes on the two sides, the movable clamp moves at a speed of 5mm/s, so that the two K-shaped ports are contacted and separated again, the time lasts for 60 times, and the electrifying time is 0.05s each time until the two K-shaped ports are heated to 1000 ℃. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and the first to the sixth embodiment is that in the fourth step, the voltage is 20V, and the current density is 100A/mm2The flash burning rate is 2.5mm/s, the initial speed of the movable clamp is 1.5mm/s and the initial speed of the movable clamp is 0.4mm/s2The acceleration of the feed device makes an accelerated feed motion. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between the embodiment and the first to seventh embodiments is that in the fourth step, when the distance between the two ends is less than or equal to 15mm, the flashing process is continuously carried out, the flashing time of 5s reaches the preset flashing allowance of 15mm, then the upsetting speed is 100mm/s, the upsetting pressure is 100MPa, the flashing allowance is 8mm, and the upsetting allowance is 3 mm. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between the embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is that in the fifth step, the movable clamp moves at a speed of 110mm/s and collides with the other end face under the action of 10kN of upsetting force. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one to eight of the embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the difference between the embodiment and one of the first to ninth embodiments is that in the sixth step, the thin-wall ring piece is kept for 20s under the upsetting force of 12kN, then taken out and put into a heating furnace to be kept at 300 ℃ for 10 h. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, the flash butt welding method for the cemented carbide blade of the present embodiment is implemented by the following steps:
firstly, hard alloy surface pretreatment: respectively opening two hard alloy workpieces with the thickness of 2mm into a K shape at the end openings, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surfaces of the hard alloy workpieces to remove oxide films, then carrying out alkali washing for 8min by adopting a NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 20% at normal temperature, washing the hard alloy workpieces clean by water, and then adopting HNO with the mass concentration of 25%3Pickling the solution for 8min, washing with water, placing in acetone, ultrasonically cleaning for 20min, and drying with hot air;
secondly, clamping before welding: respectively clamping the hard alloy workpiece pretreated in the step one on a fixed clamp and a movable clamp with electrodes by adopting a flash butt welding machine with the power of 1000kVA, wherein the extension length is 24mm, the clamping force is 5kN, two K-shaped ports are oppositely arranged, and the assembly gap is 4 mm;
thirdly, preheating before welding: applying 10V voltage between electrodes on two sides of the flash butt welding machine, moving the movable clamp at the speed of 6mm/s to make the two K-shaped ports contact and separate, and continuing for 50 times, wherein the electrifying time is 0.05s each time until the two K-shaped ports are heated to 1000 ℃;
fourthly, intermittent flash butt welding: the assembly gap of the two K-shaped ports is 0, the voltage is 15V, and the current density is 150A/mm2The flash burning rate is 2mm/s, the initial speed of the movable clamp is 1mm/s, and the initial speed is 0.4mm/s2When the distance between the two ends is less than or equal to 15mm, the flashing process is continuously carried out, the preset flashing allowance is 15mm after the flashing time of 5s, then the upsetting speed is 90mm/s, the upsetting pressure is 100MPa, and the flashing allowance is keptMeasuring 5mm, keeping the upsetting amount to be 3mm, finishing the intermittent flash butt welding, and forming a ring blank between the two end surfaces;
fifthly, continuous flash butt welding: after a ring blank is formed, moving the movable clamp at the speed of 100mm/s, impacting the movable clamp with the other end face under the action of 10kN upsetting force, and finishing continuous flash butt welding to form a thin-wall ring piece;
sixthly, postweld heat treatment: and (3) maintaining the pressure of the thin-wall ring piece for 20s under the action of 10kN upsetting force, taking out the thin-wall ring piece, and then putting the thin-wall ring piece into a heating furnace to keep the temperature for 14h at 200 ℃ to complete the flash butt welding connection of the hard alloy blade.
In the embodiment, the flash butt welding connection of the hard alloy blade is shown in a schematic diagram in figure 1; flash butt welding connection without using any filling material; the flash welding forming method of hard alloy and hard alloy is realized by keeping a certain distance between two end faces of the welding seam during welding, the method can continuously perform the hard alloy cutting edge in the flash welding process, thereby improving the welding quality, the flash butt welding joint has no obvious welding seam area, the residual stress of the joint is reduced by 25 percent compared with that of a soldered joint, the hardness of the joint is uniform with that of a base metal by short-time high-temperature tempering treatment after the welding of the hard alloy joint, and the performance of the whole hard alloy component is improved. After welding, the service performance of the flash butt welding joint is improved by 75 percent compared with that of a brazing joint.
Claims (5)
1. A flash butt welding connection method for a hard alloy blade is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, hard alloy surface pretreatment: respectively opening two hard alloy workpieces with the thickness of 0.5-3 mm into a K shape at the end openings, carrying out sand blasting treatment on the surfaces of the hard alloy workpieces to remove oxide films, then carrying out alkali washing for 5-10 min, washing with water, then carrying out acid washing for 5-10 min, washing with water, then placing the hard alloy workpieces in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning for 10-30 min, and drying with hot air for later use;
secondly, clamping before welding: respectively clamping the hard alloy workpiece pretreated in the step one on a fixed clamp and a movable clamp with electrodes by adopting a flash butt welding machine with the power of 1000kVA, wherein the extension length is 23-25 mm, the clamping force is 1-10 kN, two K-shaped ports are oppositely arranged, and the assembly gap is 3-5 mm;
thirdly, preheating before welding: applying 10V voltage between electrodes on two sides of the flash butt welding machine, moving the movable clamp at the speed of 5mm/s to make the two K-shaped ports contact and separate, and continuing for 60 times, wherein the electrifying time is 0.05s each time until the two K-shaped ports are heated to 1000 ℃;
fourthly, intermittent flash butt welding: the assembly gap of the K-shaped ports of the two hard alloy workpieces is 0, the voltage is 20V, and the current density is 100A/mm2The flash burning rate is 2.5mm/s, the initial speed of the movable clamp is 1.5mm/s and the initial speed of the movable clamp is 0.4mm/s2When the distance between the two ends is less than or equal to 15mm, the flashing process is continuously carried out, after the flashing time of 5s reaches the preset flashing allowance of 15mm, the upsetting speed is 100mm/s, the upsetting pressure is 100MPa, the flashing allowance is 8mm and the upsetting allowance is 3mm, the intermittent flash butt welding is finished, and a ring blank is formed between the two end faces;
fifthly, continuous flash butt welding: after a ring blank is formed, moving the movable clamp at the speed of 110mm/s, impacting the movable clamp with the other end face under the action of 10kN upsetting force, and finishing continuous flash butt welding to form a thin-wall ring piece;
sixthly, postweld heat treatment: and (3) maintaining the pressure of the thin-wall ring piece for 20s under the action of 12kN upsetting force, taking out the thin-wall ring piece, and then putting the thin-wall ring piece into a heating furnace to keep the temperature for 10h at 300 ℃ to complete the flash butt welding connection of the hard alloy blade.
2. The flash butt welding method for the cemented carbide blade according to claim 1, wherein the caustic washing in the step one uses a NaOH solution with a mass concentration of 5% to 30% at normal temperature.
3. The flash butt welding method for the hard alloy blade according to claim 1, wherein the acid washing in the step one adopts HNO with a mass concentration of 5-50%3And (3) solution.
4. A flash butt welding method for a hard alloy blade according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, two hard alloy workpieces with a thickness of 1.5mm are respectively opened into a K shape at the end, the surfaces of the hard alloy workpieces are subjected to sand blasting to remove an oxide film, and then alkali washing is carried out for 7min, water washing is carried out, acid washing is carried out for 7min, water washing is carried out, and then the hard alloy workpieces are placed in acetone to be subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 20 min.
5. A flash butt welding method for a cemented carbide blade according to claim 1, wherein in the second step the protrusion length is 24mm, the clamping force is 5kN, the two K-shaped ports are placed opposite to each other, and the fitting gap is 4 mm.
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| CN112743209A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 | Flash welding forming method for titanium alloy irregular section annular part |
| CN112743210A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-04 | 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 | Flash welding forming method for high-temperature alloy irregular section annular part |
| CN112077424A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-15 | 深圳市金洲精工科技股份有限公司 | Welding method of cutter |
| CN112605512A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-04-06 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Pulse flash butt welding method for 780 Mpa-grade hot-rolled dual-phase wheel steel |
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| US3768342A (en) * | 1970-06-29 | 1973-10-30 | Dentsply Res & Dev | Connecting metal elements and products thereof |
| JPH0767626B2 (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1995-07-26 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | Automatic butt welder |
| CN102294527B (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-04-17 | 江苏华昌工具制造有限公司 | Brazing process of diamond thin-wall drill bit |
| CN106112241B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | A kind of flash welding method of high corrosion-proof and high-strength reinforcing bar |
| CN109365971B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2021-03-23 | 贵州大学 | Flash welding forming method of CLAM steel |
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