CN110073981B - Method for obtaining poplar hybrid seedlings by utilizing embryo rescue - Google Patents
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- CN110073981B CN110073981B CN201910522117.9A CN201910522117A CN110073981B CN 110073981 B CN110073981 B CN 110073981B CN 201910522117 A CN201910522117 A CN 201910522117A CN 110073981 B CN110073981 B CN 110073981B
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- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012883 rooting culture medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002148 Gellan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- HFCYZXMHUIHAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thidiazuron Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CN=NS1 HFCYZXMHUIHAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012882 rooting medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000218978 Populus deltoides Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012870 embryo rescue medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000218982 Populus nigra Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004923 Populus tremuloides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011263 Populus tremuloides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001705 insufficient nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for obtaining poplar hybrid seedlings by utilizing embryo rescue, which comprises the steps of collecting flowering branches, cutting, culturing, pollinating, embryo rescue and the like, wherein the embryo rescue method comprises the following steps: after the explant is disinfected, the seeds are placed on an embryo rescue culture medium to be cultured for 7-14d, and then the steps of growing seedlings and non-growing seedlings are divided into two steps: transferring the grown seedlings to a rooting culture medium for culture to obtain aseptic seedlings, and transplanting after growth to obtain hybrid seedlings; if no seedling grows, the seed is induced into callus, bud differentiation culture medium is used for inducing bud, finally the culture is carried out on the rooting culture medium to obtain aseptic seedling, and the aseptic seedling is transplanted after growth to obtain hybrid seedling. The method adopts the embryo rescue method to perform tissue culture on the immature seeds, can obtain a large amount of hybrid seedlings, is simple, saves the breeding time of the poplar, avoids resource waste, effectively solves the problem of hybrid failure caused by seed abortion in the traditional water culture process of the poplar, and is particularly suitable for water culture of the populus deltoids.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for obtaining poplar hybrid seedlings by utilizing embryo rescue, belonging to the technical field of forest crossbreeding.
Background
The poplar is one of the main economic tree species in China, has wide application range, is not only used as wood, but also mainly used as material for processing industry, and becomes an important processing raw material for plywood, fiberboard, paper-making matches, sanitary chopsticks and packaging industry. The poplar planting method has great economic benefit, great ecological benefit and great social benefit. Therefore, the rapid growth and high yield forest of the poplar is vigorously developed, and has great significance for meeting the wood market demand in China, reducing the dependence on external wood and more effectively protecting natural forests.
At present, crossbreeding is the main channel for obtaining poplar varieties. The traditional crossbreeding method of poplar mainly comprises two methods, one is artificial pollination and hybridization on poplar stock plants in outdoor fields, and the other is crossbreeding by applying branch cutting and water culture indoors. The first cross breeding method has the advantages that the natural development of the capsule is mature, a large number of seeds can be obtained, so that high-intensity selection can be performed, the management of the capsule development period is simple, and the seed quality is good; the method has the disadvantages that because the frame which is almost as high as the maternal plant is required to be arranged around the tree body of the maternal plant, and the bag-covering isolation is required, the cost is high, the safety is poor, and the operation is inconvenient; the second crossbreeding method has low cost, convenient operation and management and convenient seed harvesting, is a method commonly adopted by poplar crossbreeding at home and abroad at present, but the indoor branch-cutting water culture method has the defects that the nutrition required by the development of seeds is completely derived from the nutrients stored in the branches, the abortion phenomenon is often caused by insufficient nutrition after pollination, the seed yield is low, the quality is poor, particularly the abortion phenomenon is serious in populus deltoides, and the water culture is almost impossible to succeed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the indoor branch cutting water culture method of the poplar in the prior art, and provides a method for obtaining a poplar hybrid seedling by utilizing embryo rescue. The method is particularly suitable for indoor flower branch water culture of populus deltoides.
Technical scheme
A method for obtaining poplar hybrid seedlings by utilizing embryo rescue comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting flowering branches: collecting flowering branches in ten days of 2 months, and taking poplar branches which are 100-cm long and 300-cm long and have no plant diseases and insect pests and full flower buds and are more than 5cm in diameter;
(2) cutting and culturing: separately placing the male and female flowering branches in a greenhouse with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for water culture, and changing water once a day;
(3) pollination: collecting pollen after the male flowers bloom, drying the pollen in a dryer, storing at low temperature of 4 ℃, pollinating when the female flowers bloom and the stigma is opened, coating the pollen on the stigma, and continuously pollinating for 3d for 2-3 times per day;
(4) embryo rescue:
A. if abortion occurs within three weeks after pollination, after the explant is disinfected, placing the immature ovary on an ovary growth culture medium for culturing for 10-14 days, and stripping out seeds for embryo rescue;
B. if abortion occurs three weeks after pollination, taking off the blackened and immature capsule, cleaning and sterilizing, stripping off the seeds, and directly performing embryo rescue;
the embryo rescue method comprises the following steps: placing the seeds on an embryo rescue culture medium for tissue culture, and after culturing for 7-14d, performing the tissue culture according to two steps of growing seedlings and non-growing seedlings:
1) growing seedlings: transferring the grown seedlings to a rooting culture medium for culture to obtain aseptic seedlings, and transplanting the aseptic seedlings after the aseptic seedlings grow up to obtain hybrid seedlings;
2) no seedlings were grown: and (3) inducing the seeds which are cultured on the embryo rescue culture medium for 14 days and do not grow seedlings into callus by using a callus induction culture medium, inducing the seeds to bud by using a bud differentiation culture medium, finally culturing on a root transfer culture medium to obtain aseptic seedlings, and transplanting the aseptic seedlings after the aseptic seedlings grow up to obtain hybrid seedlings.
Further, in the step (4), the sterilization method is as follows: sterilizing with 70% ethanol for 30s, washing with sterile water for three times, sterilizing with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10min, and washing with sterile water for three times.
Further, in step (4), the formula of the ovary growth medium is as follows: MS + NAA 2mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8.
Further, in step (4), the formulation of the embryo rescue medium is as follows: MS + NAA 0.5mg/L +6-BA 0.5mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8.
Further, in the step (4), the formula of the rooting medium is as follows: MS + NAA0.1mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8.
Further, in the step (4), the formula of the callus induction culture medium is as follows: MS +6-BA 0.4mg/L + NAA 0.04mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8.
Further, in the step (4), the formulation of the bud differentiation medium is as follows: MS +6-BA 0.4mg/L + TDZ (thidiazuron) 0.01mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8.
Further, in the step (4), the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 200-2s-1And the humidity is 40-45%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for obtaining the poplar hybrid seedlings by utilizing embryo rescue effectively solves the problem of seed abortion and hybridization failure in the traditional poplar water culture process, is particularly suitable for water culture of black poplars, adopts the embryo rescue method to perform tissue culture on underdeveloped seeds, finally obtains a large amount of hybrid seedlings, is simple, saves the breeding time of the poplar and avoids resource waste.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
It is to be noted that, in the following examples, the poplar variety is populus tremuloides, but is not limited thereto. In the following examples, the formulation of the ovary growth medium: MS + NAA 2mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8. The formula of the embryo rescue culture medium comprises the following components: MS + NAA 0.5mg/L +6-BA 0.5mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8. The formula of the rooting culture medium is as follows: the formula of the rooting culture medium is as follows: MS + NAA0.1mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8. The formula of the callus induction culture medium comprises the following components: MS +6-BA 0.4mg/L + NAA 0.04mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8. The formula of the bud differentiation medium is as follows: MS +6-BA 0.4mg/L + TDZ 0.01mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8.
Example 1
A method for obtaining poplar hybrid seedlings by utilizing embryo rescue comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting flowering branches: collecting flower branches at 2 months and 1 day, and taking poplar branches which are 100-cm long and 300-cm long and have no plant diseases and insect pests and plump flower buds and are more than 5cm in diameter;
(2) cutting and culturing: separately placing the male and female flowering branches in a greenhouse with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for water culture, and changing water once a day;
(3) pollination: collecting pollen (2 months 20 days to 2 months 25 days) after the male flower blooms, placing the pollen in a dryer for drying, then storing at low temperature of 4 ℃, pollinating when the female flower blooms and the stigma is opened, coating the pollen on the stigma, and continuously pollinating for 3 days for 2-3 times per day;
(4) embryo rescue:
A. if abortion occurs within three weeks after pollination, sterilizing the implant (sterilizing with 70% alcohol for 30s in a clean bench, washing with sterile water for three times, sterilizing with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10min, washing with sterile water for three times), placing the immature ovary on an ovary growth medium for culturing (temperature 23 ℃, illumination intensity 200-2s-1Humidity is 40% -45%) for 10-14d, stripping out seeds and carrying out embryo rescue; in the embodiment, 5 ovaries are treated together, 98 seeds are stripped, 12 seedlings are obtained, and the seedling rate is 12.24%;
B. if abortion occurs after three weeks after pollination, taking off the blackened and immature capsule, cleaning and sterilizing (sterilizing with 70% alcohol for 30s in a clean bench, washing with sterile water for three times, sterilizing with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10min, washing with sterile water for three times), stripping off 412 seeds, and directly performing embryo rescue;
the embryo rescue method comprises the following steps: placing 510 seeds on embryo rescue culture medium for tissue culture (temperature 23 ℃, illumination intensity 200-2s-1Humidity of 40% -45%), culturing for 7-14 days, and then performing two steps according to grown seedlings and non-grown seedlings:
1) growing seedlings: transferring the grown seedlings to a rooting medium for culturing (the temperature is 23 ℃, the illumination intensity is 200-2s-1Humidity of 40% -45%) to obtain aseptic seedlings, growing up aseptic seedlings and transplanting to obtain 81 hybrid seedlings;
2) No seedlings were grown: inducing 119 calli from 14d seedlings cultured on embryo rescue medium with callus induction medium, inducing germination with bud differentiation medium, and culturing on rooting medium (23 deg.C, illumination intensity of 200-2s-1And the humidity is 40% -45%), sterile seedlings are obtained, and the sterile seedlings are transplanted after growing up, so that 108 hybrid seedlings are obtained.
In this example, 510 seeds were treated by the embryo rescue technique, 81 seedlings were grown, 119 seedlings were developed into callus, 108 seedlings were grown after callus induction, 310 seeds were unchanged, and the total seedling rate was (108+ 81)/510-37.06%.
Claims (3)
1. A method for obtaining poplar hybrid seedlings by utilizing embryo rescue is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting flowering branches:
collecting flowering branches in ten days of 2 months, and taking poplar branches which are 100-cm long and 300-cm long and have no plant diseases and insect pests and full flower buds and are more than 5cm in diameter;
(2) cutting and culturing:
separately placing the male and female flowering branches in a greenhouse with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for water culture, and changing water once a day;
(3) pollination:
collecting pollen after the male flowers bloom, drying the pollen in a dryer, storing at low temperature of 4 ℃, pollinating when the female flowers bloom and the stigma is opened, coating the pollen on the stigma, and continuously pollinating for three days for 2-3 times per day;
(4) embryo rescue:
A. if abortion occurs within three weeks after pollination, after the explant is disinfected, placing the immature ovary on an ovary growth culture medium for culturing for 10-14 days, and stripping out seeds for embryo rescue;
B. if abortion occurs three weeks after pollination, taking off the blackened and immature capsule, cleaning and sterilizing, stripping off the seeds, and directly performing embryo rescue;
the embryo rescue method comprises the following steps: placing the seeds on an embryo rescue culture medium for tissue culture, and after culturing for 7-14d, performing the tissue culture according to two steps of growing seedlings and non-growing seedlings:
1) growing seedlings: transferring the grown seedlings to a rooting culture medium for culture to obtain aseptic seedlings, and transplanting the aseptic seedlings after the aseptic seedlings grow up to obtain hybrid seedlings;
2) no seedlings were grown: inducing the seeds which are cultured on the embryo rescue culture medium for 14 days and do not grow seedlings into callus by using a callus induction culture medium, inducing the seeds to bud by using a bud differentiation culture medium, finally culturing on a trans-rooting culture medium to obtain aseptic seedlings, and transplanting the aseptic seedlings after the aseptic seedlings grow up to obtain hybrid seedlings;
in the step (4), the formula of the ovary growth culture medium is as follows: MS + NAA 2mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8; the formula of the embryo rescue culture medium comprises the following components: MS + NAA 0.5mg/L +6-BA 0.5mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8; the formula of the rooting culture medium is as follows: MS + NAA0.1mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8; the formula of the callus induction culture medium comprises the following components: MS +6-BA 0.4mg/L + NAA 0.04mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8; the formula of the bud differentiation medium is as follows: MS +6-BA 0.4mg/L + TDZ 0.01mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + Phytagel 3g/L, pH 5.8.
2. The method for obtaining poplar hybrid seedlings by embryo rescue according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the disinfection method comprises the following steps: sterilizing with 70% ethanol for 30s, washing with sterile water for three times, sterilizing with 2% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10min, and washing with sterile water for three times.
3. The method for obtaining poplar hybrid seedlings by utilizing embryo rescue according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (4), the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20-30 ℃, the illumination intensity is 200-2 s-1And the humidity is 40-45%.
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CN110741924A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-04 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for obtaining hybrid seedlings by artificial hybridization of in-vitro poplar tiny female flower branches |
CN110741923A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-04 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for early in-vitro culture of poplar artificial hybrid immature fruits and young tender seeds |
CN112868529B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-07-05 | 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 | Method for improving seedling survival rate of hybrid filial generation of populus nigra |
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