CN110071339A - The method for controlling the method for the charging of battery assembly module and charging to battery assembly module - Google Patents
The method for controlling the method for the charging of battery assembly module and charging to battery assembly module Download PDFInfo
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- CN110071339A CN110071339A CN201910063258.9A CN201910063258A CN110071339A CN 110071339 A CN110071339 A CN 110071339A CN 201910063258 A CN201910063258 A CN 201910063258A CN 110071339 A CN110071339 A CN 110071339A
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
- H02J7/007186—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage obtained with the battery disconnected from the charge or discharge circuit
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the methods of the charging of control battery assembly module and the method to charge to battery assembly module.A method of for controlling the charging in the case where avoiding lithium platingactive with the charging time as short as possible to battery assembly module (10), this method has following steps: determining the current value of the overpotential allowance (U (t)) of the anode for the battery assembly module (10) that (S1) is based on；Determine the current value of the internal resistance R (t) for the battery assembly module (10) that (S2) is based on；Determine the value of the quotient of the current value of the overpotential allowance (U (t)) for the battery assembly module (10) that (S3) is based on and the current value of internal resistance (R (t))；And according to the value of the quotient, according to relational expressionTo set (S4) at least one charging current (ILade(t)) intensity and/or time-varying process.It is the method that the invention further relates to a kind of for charging, a kind of for controlling control unit (50), a kind of charging system (110), a kind of battery pack system (100) and a kind of working equipment of charging.
Description
Technical field
Method, one kind that the present invention relates to a kind of for controlling the charging of battery assembly module are used to charge to battery assembly module
Method, it is a kind of for control charging control unit, a kind of charging system for charging, a kind of battery pack system and one
Kind working equipment.
Background technique
Battery pack system is used to power to working equipment and especially vehicle by a period of time recently more and more,
For running the working equipment and the especially described vehicle.Here, the battery assembly module based on lithium ion chemistry is due to it
Energy density and capacity are high and especially important.Problematic in this battery assembly module is safety problem, the safety problem
Also must combined charge operably pay close attention to.According to the ambient environmental conditions of corresponding battery assembly module and service condition and longevity
Life, the charging current applied do not allow more than determining greatest limit, so as not to which deposition of the lithium on anode, i.e. so-called occurs
Lithium platingactive.
11 2,010 005 906 T5 of DE describes a kind of battery set control system, which has the ability
It suitably charges to secondary battery, and deposition of the lithium metal on negative plate is suppressed.
10 2,013 204 507 20 A1 of DE is related to a kind of battery pack electricity for monitoring with lithium deposition safety function
The method in pond, this method is for determining critical battery state and for battery pack to be converted under security operating mode.
DE 10 2,015 111 195 A1 disclose it is a kind of for Li-ion batteries piles for making rechargeable battery
The charging method adaptively to charge is organized, wherein the parameter adaptation of charging current and battery pack.
Summary of the invention
The task that the present invention is based on is: providing a kind of method for controlling the charging of battery assembly module, Yi Zhongyong
In the method, a kind of control unit for controlling charging, a kind of charging system, a kind of battery that charge to this battery assembly module
Group system and a kind of working equipment and especially a kind of vehicle, wherein in a flexible way can using particularly simple device
Particularly effectively to give the battery assembly module based on lithium ion chemistry to charge by setting optimal charging current, so as to especially
It is kept as the charging time as short as possible.
As an alternative, the task that the present invention is based on by the theme of the feature with one of claim 1 and 12 to 16 come
It solves.Advantageous expansion scheme is the theme of corresponding dependent claims.
It is according to the invention in a first aspect, providing a kind of for controlling filling for the battery assembly module based on lithium ion chemistry
The method of electricity, this method have following steps:
(i) current value of the overpotential allowance U (t) of the anode for the battery assembly module being based on is determined；
(ii) current value of the internal resistance R (t) for the battery assembly module being based on is determined；
(iii) determine the overpotential allowance U (t) of battery assembly module being based on current value and internal resistance R (t) current value it
The value of quotient；And
(iv) according to the value of the quotient, at least one charging current I is set according to following relationship formula (I)Lade(t) intensity
And/or time-varying process:
(I).
For the present invention, the overpotential allowance of term anode is construed as the certain over-voltage of tolerance of anode and positive
Electrode potential does not become negative ability.In measuring technique, the overpotential allowance U (t) of anode corresponds to sun in the state of the equilibrium
Pole is relative to the balanced voltage of lithium, i.e. value neg /V vs. Li/Li + , and for example can be by measuring the half of opposite lithium electrode
Galvanic anode come determine, i.e. for example by means of for determine battery circuit open a way when voltage OCV measurement (OCV: open circuit
Voltage (Open-Circuit-Voltage)) it determines.
According to the present invention, realized by measure (i) described above to (iv): in the sun for making full use of battery assembly module
The internal resistance of the current value at given time point and battery assembly module of the overpotential allowance of pole at the given time point
Current value or close to these values estimated value in the case where, set in order to battery assembly module charge and to be applied charging electricity
Stream.The value of charging current set in this way provides optimal charging result, and wherein charging process is run as so that lithium platingactive
Just occur not yet.
In an advantageous expansion scheme of the method according to the invention, steps noted above (i) is real-time to (iv)
Ground is repeatedly implemented as so that the current value of charging current is excessively electric with the battery assembly module that is based on during the charging process
Position allowance and the current value of internal resistance adaptation and/or keep current with the overpotential allowance of battery assembly module and internal resistance that are based on
Value adaptation.
Especially, as long as meeting charge condition, which can be carried out always.Charge condition can be by one or more
Single condition forms and can especially describe the necessity for needing to charge to the battery assembly module being based on, such as due to being lower than
The lower threshold value of the charged state for the battery assembly module being based on and need to be based on battery assembly module charging necessity.In vehicle
In, which may also for example be satisfied when recycling brake energy.
In principle, there are the institutes of the internal resistance of the overpotential allowance of the anode of determining battery assembly module and/or battery assembly module
A possibility that difference of the value needed.
It can be related to directly measuring or alsing relate to indirect method herein, the indirect method is based on the work being based on
Make equipment, the state parameter of the vehicle being based on and/or the battery assembly module being based on and/or operating parameter determine and especially
It is the current value of the overpotential allowance for estimating the anode of battery assembly module and/or the internal resistance of battery assembly module.
In this way, being provided in another advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention: directly according to voltage measurement come
Determine the current value of overpotential allowance.
Alternatively or additionally it may be stipulated that: by directly measuring battery assembly module under conditions of battery circuit is opened a way
Anode anode voltage, determine the current value of overpotential allowance, i.e., just as the open-circuit voltage of battery assembly module.
If by the half-cell anode that directly measures battery assembly module at equilibrium relative to the voltage of lithium electrode come really
Determine the current value of overpotential allowance, then the method according to the invention provides the particularly accurate result of the current value.
For the internal resistance for determining the battery assembly module being based on, the processing side on different method and technologies is also obtained
Method, these processing methods can be used in the present invention.
If another advantageous embodiment based on the method according to the invention is directly surveyed according to current measurement and voltage
The value to determine internal resistance is measured, then the still high particularly simple relationship of reliability standard occurs.
This can for example measure the electric current of the pulsed constant on battery assembly module simply by application and when necessary
And the voltage responsive of battery assembly module is measured to realize.
In order to also can detecte more complicated relationship in terms of the characteristic of battery assembly module, the method according to the invention it is another
One embodiment, can also change procedure and charging song based on the open-circuit voltage of battery assembly module detected at equilibrium
Voltage difference between line determines the value of internal resistance.
In another embodiment of the method according to the invention, if the value of internal resistance is based at runtime when current
Between put internal resistance value, in battery assembly module start running that (the BoL:begin of life(service life opens completely at runtime
Begin)) time point the value of internal resistance and the value of the internal resistance at time point for starting running completely of battery assembly module determine, then
Obtain continually changing particularly reliable amendment possibility and appropriate consideration at runtime to the characteristic of battery assembly module.
In this context, especially when the value based on following relationship formula (II) to determine the internal resistance of battery assembly module,
It is possible for carrying out simple and reliable numerical value determination according to identified value:
, (II)
Wherein R (t) indicates to be determined value of the internal resistance of battery assembly module in current time point t, RBetrieb(t) it indicates
In the value of the internal resistance of current time point t, R when operationBetrieb,BoLExpression starts to transport completely in battery assembly module at runtime
The value of the internal resistance at the time point turned, RBoLIndicate battery assembly module the time point to start running completely internal resistance value and b table
Show proportionality coefficient.Here, R (t) and RBoLIt is equally parameter related with SoC.The parameter for example may also with the electric current of battery,
Temperature, mechanical tension are related.Here, SoC correlation is main.
Suitable is to determine proportionality coefficient b according to following relationship formula (III) herein:
Or, (III)
I.e. as the internal resistance R currently measured at runtimeBetrieb(t) variation of the variation of value relative to the value of internal resistance RΔROr
Person's average value relative to internal resistance R as an alternativeVariationQuotient.Especially when correlation above-mentioned works,
The average value of R as alternative is reasonable.In the case where not considering the correlation, R is scalar.
Other than taking the direct measuring method of voltage measurement and current measurement on battery assembly module, indirectly really
The method of determining is also suitable.
In this way, the processing method of an alternative of the method according to the invention provides: battery assembly module is determined indirectly
The current value of overpotential allowance and/or the current value of internal resistance, especially by from read table in readout and/or using about
The addressing of currently measured state parameter and/or the operating parameter of battery assembly module carrys out readout battery pack is determined indirectly
The current value of the overpotential allowance of unit and/or the current value of internal resistance.
Can be herein advantageously: in first preposition program, the battery assembly module being based on is about its overpotential
It is pre-measured in terms of allowance and the relationship of internal resistance, especially such that table is read in establishment.
The value of one or more parameters in following parameter group can be used as to currently measured be used for from reading
The state parameter and/or operating parameter for taking the reading in table to be addressed, the parameter group have the charging shape of battery assembly module
State, the charging time on battery assembly module, the charging current of battery assembly module, the service life of battery assembly module, especially
The pressure of service life, battery assembly module from starting running completely and/or the temperature of mechanical tension and battery assembly module.
Additionally or alternatively, other physically and/or chemically parameters can also be used to parameterize and determine the excessively electric of battery assembly module
Position allowance and internal resistance.
It is used for battery assembly module it is another aspect of this invention to provide that also providing one kind, is based especially on lithium ion
The method of battery assembly module charging.
The method according to the invention has following steps: providing charging current and with the charging current load cell group list
Member.Charging current can use the method according to the invention for being controlled to set.Here, considering other influence ginsengs
, can be as control (open loop control(opened loop control) in the case where amount) or as adjusting (closed loop
Control(closed-loop control)) synchronously charging current is set like that.
In addition, subject of the present invention be also it is a kind of for control charging and especially control for battery assembly module,
It is based especially on the control unit of the charging current of the battery assembly module charging of lithium ion chemistry.The control unit is established as:
Implement the method according to the invention for controlling the charging current of charging and especially control battery assembly module and/or is pressing
According to being used in the method for charging to battery assembly module of the invention.
Control unit according to the invention can be structured as batteries management system or be configured to batteries management system
Part.
The present invention also provides a kind of Chargings for charging to the battery assembly module for being based especially on lithium ion chemistry
System.The charging system is established as: being used and/or is controlled in the case where the method according to the invention for being used to control charging
System is used and/or is implemented this method in the method according to the invention for charging.
The charging system especially has the charhing unit that can be connect with battery assembly module, which is configured to mention
For charging current and it is used for the charging current load cell group unit.In addition, a kind of designed according to this invention for controlling
The control unit of the operation of charhing unit processed is the component part of the charging system.
It also proposed a kind of battery pack system through the invention, which is configured to have at least one battery
It organizes unit and there is charging system designed according to this invention, which is configured for controllably to electricity
Pond group unit charges and for being electrically connected with the controllable of battery assembly module.
Finally, subject of the present invention is also a kind of working equipment, which can be structured as vehicle and/or the work
Equipment is configured to have can electrically driven (operated) equipment and battery pack system designed according to this invention.Here, the battery pack system
It is configured for controllably supplying electric energy to the equipment, for running the equipment.The equipment for example can be driving
A part of device or driving device.
Detailed description of the invention
Other details, features and advantages of the present invention are obtained from subsequent description and attached drawing.
Fig. 1 shows the embodiment of battery pack system according to the invention with the combination of block diagram and flow chart, the battery
Group system is with charging system according to the invention and has control unit according to the invention, which is established as
Implement according to the invention for controlling and the embodiment of the method for charging.
Fig. 2 to 6B has been shown graphically the embodiment of the method according to the invention for controlling and charging
Aspect.
Fig. 7 is shown according to the invention for controlling the side of the charging of battery assembly module with the combination of block diagram and flow chart
Another embodiment of method.
Fig. 8 and 9 shows its of battery pack system according to the invention, charging system and control unit in block diagram form
Its embodiment.
Specific embodiment
Then, the embodiment of the present invention and technical background are described in detail referring to figs. 1 to 9.It is identical and equivalent and rise
Identical or equivalent action element and component are denoted by the same reference numerals.It is not to occur in any case at them
All reproduce the detailed description to represented element and component.
Shown feature and other characteristics can be separated from each other in the form of arbitrary and can be arbitrarily combined with each other,
Without departing from the core of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the embodiment of battery pack system 100 according to the invention, the electricity with the combination of block diagram and flow chart
Pond group system is with charging system 110 according to the invention and has control unit 50 according to the invention, the control unit
It is established as implementing according to the invention for controlling the embodiment of charging and/or the method S for charging.
Battery pack system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is by according to the charging system 110 that constructs of the present invention and passing through first and the
Battery assembly module 10 that two charging cables 1,2 are connected on the charging system is constituted.First and second charging cables 1,2 with its first
End is connected on the first and second connecting pins 11 or 12 of battery assembly module 10, and is connected to charhing unit 40 with second end
On first and second connecting pins 41 or 42, which can also be referred to as charging equipment.Charhing unit 40 is established as: root
According to the control signal conveyed via control line 53, the corresponding charging current for charging to battery assembly module 10 is generated
ILade；And the charging current is conveyed to battery pack list via the first and second charging cables 1 and 2 by means of connecting pin 11 and 12
Member 10.
In design scheme according to the invention, in order to according to the charging current I for charging to battery assembly module 10Lade
Value set the charging current, control unit 50 is set.Control unit 50 is had the ability by detecting and controlling line 54 and leading to
The first and second signal wires 51 or 52 for connecting with the first and second charging cables 1 and 2 are crossed to detect the certain of battery assembly module 10
Operating parameter and/or state parameter generate charging current I based on themLadeValue and by control line 53 by the charging
Electric current ILadeValue be conveyed to charhing unit 40, such as be conveyed to charhing unit 40 in the form of corresponding control signal.
In control unit 50 itself, run according to the invention for controlling charging and especially control for electricity
The charging current I that pond group unit 10 chargesLadeMethod S embodiment.
Firstly, determining whether to meet charge condition in first checking step S0.Charge condition can be by one or more
A single condition forms and illustrates whether the battery assembly module 10 being based on will charge actually.
If being unsatisfactory for charge condition, corresponding to "No" in step so), then leave really for control charging and/
Or charging current method S and return to higher level's processing step.
And if meeting charge condition, corresponding to "Yes" in step so), then subsequent step S1 to S4 is being jumped back to
It is performed in the case where step S0.
Firstly, in step sl, determine that the overpotential of the anode of battery assembly module 10 is abundant in a manner consistent with the invention
The current value U (t) of amount, this should be determined by directly measuring or by fetching determination between reading table.
In subsequent step S2, the current value of the internal resistance R (t) of battery assembly module 10 is determined.
In following step S3, quotient is asked, especially in the case where making full use of Ohm's law by corresponding
It asks quotient by corresponding and calculates charging current ILadeCurrent value.
In the step S4 for being next to this, actual charging current I is setLadeIntensity, especially by using control
Rechargeable battery I will be represented in the case where line 53 processedLadeThe control signal of value give charhing unit 40 to set actual charging
Electric current ILadeIntensity.
Fig. 2 to 6B shows according to the invention for controlling battery in the form of curve graph 20,25,30,35,60,65
The aspect of the embodiment of the charging and/or method S for charging to battery assembly module 10 of group unit 10.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the anode for the battery assembly module 10 being based in curve graph 20 by means of track 23
The value depending on charged state SoC of overpotential allowance U (t), the curve graph 20 is with abscissa 21 and has ordinate 22,
On the abscissa 21 draw have charged state SoC by % as unit of value, on the ordinate 22 draw have battery assembly module
The value with relative unit of the overpotential allowance U (t) of 10 anode.Following change procedure is obtained, wherein overpotential allowance U (t)
As the value of charged state SoC increases and approximate monotonic decreasing.
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates the battery assembly module 10 being based in curve graph 25 by means of track 28-1 to 28-3
Anode internal resistance R (t) the value depending on charged state SoC, that is to say, that according to the direction by arrow 29 come symbolic
Ground performance continuous raised aging show the battery assembly module 10 being based on anode internal resistance R (t) depend on charging
The value of state SoC, the curve graph 25 is with abscissa 26 and has ordinate 27, and drawing on the abscissa 26 has charging shape
The value as unit of % of state SoC, drawn on the ordinate 27 the internal resistance R (t) that has battery assembly module 10 with relative unit
Value.
Fig. 4 is schematically shown for the determining proportionality coefficient b for being adapted to the value of internal resistance R (t), especially according to curve graph 30
It is the basic sides that the proportionality coefficient b for being adapted to the value of internal resistance R (t) is determined based on relationship formula (III) and (5).In horizontal seat
Drawing on mark 31 has the resistance being averaged, and drawing on ordinate 32 has determined internal resistance R at runtimeBetrieb.Respectively
Draw measurement point 34 and its fit line 33.Fit line 33 is for determining proportionality coefficient b according to slope triangle.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates the charging electricity of battery assembly module 10 by means of track 38-1 to 38-3 in curve graph 35
Flow ILadeThe value depending on charged state SoC, that is to say, that according to continuous raised internal resistance R (t), (it is raised through arrow 39
Direction symbolically show) show the charging current I of battery assembly module 10LadeThe value depending on charged state SoC, should
Curve graph 35 is with abscissa 36 and has ordinate 37, and it is single with % that drawing on the abscissa 36, which has charged state SoC's,
The value of position draws the charging current I for having battery assembly module 10 on the ordinate 27LadeThe value with relative unit.
Fig. 6 A and 6B shows the internal resistance R for determining the battery assembly module 10 being based in the form of curve graph 60 and 65
(t) aspect.Give battery assembly module 10 loading current pulse, that as shown in the curve graph 60 of Fig. 6 A by means of track 63
Sample.It obtains in fig. 6b in curve graph 65 with the voltage responsive of the battery assembly module 10 shown in track 68.
In curve graph 60, having time t is drawn on abscissa 61 and draws the electric current I loaded on ordinate 62
Value.Electric current is in time point t0From value I0Become the value I being enhanced1And in later point t1Back to initial value I0。
In curve graph 65, on abscissa 66 draw having time t and on ordinate 67 draw have battery voltage U's
Value.It can find out: as current amplitude is in time point t0And t1Variation there is corresponding charging and discharging curve, i.e., continuous
Time point t0、t1'、t1、t2With corresponding value U0、U1'、U1、U2, these values can divide with marriage relation formula (2) and (3)
Analysis, as this as being described by detail further below.
Fig. 7 is shown according to the invention for controlling charging and/or for battery with the combination of block diagram and flow chart
Another embodiment for the method T that group unit 10 charges.
In first step T1, determine the overpotential allowance U (t) of the anode of battery assembly module 10 as basic parameter or base
This function especially determines and provides pervious current value.In the second step, it determines and battery assembly module 10 is provided
Internal resistance R (t), especially with respect to accordingly being determined in terms of the current value of time point t and provide the internal resistance R of battery assembly module 10
(t).In step T4-1 into T4-3, the battery when starting running (BoL, begin of life) completely at runtime is determined
The internal resistance R of group battery 10Betrieb,BoLValue, battery assembly module 10 at runtime internal resistance RBetriebCurrent value and these ginseng
The opposite variation of amount to each other.In step T4-4, the proportionality coefficient b being described above is determined and by step T4-5
In multiplication proportionality coefficient b is added in step T4-6 by addition battery assembly module 10 internal resistance R (t) in step
Identified value in T2.Then, in subsequent step T3, execution asks quotient to obtain optimized charging current ILade(t)。
Fig. 8 and 9 shows battery pack system 100, charging system 110 and control list according to the invention in block diagram form
The other embodiment of member 50.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 8, battery assembly module 10 is made of a single lithium ion battery.Pass through control
Line 53 is with corresponding control signal by charging current ILade(t) theoretical value is according to being temporally conveyed to charging equipment 40.For
This, control unit 50 has controller 45.By sensor 13 via the corresponding line 54 that detects and controls to control unit 50
Corresponding control signal, such as virtual voltage, temperature and actual current are supplied, then based on these control signals, according to this
Invention ground, which determines, is directed to the charging current I to be setLade(t) control signal.
Different from the embodiment according to Fig. 8, in the embodiment according to Fig. 9, the battery assembly module 10 being based on has
There are multiple lithium ion batteries.The single lithium ion battery of each of battery assembly module 10 is configured to have one group of sensor 13,
Their value is conveyed to control unit 50 via the corresponding line 54 that detects and controls by these sensors, wherein control unit 50
Here controller or battery pack can be constructed or can be structured as controller or batteries management system 46
The part of management system 46.
These features of the invention and characteristic and other feature and characteristic illustrate and according to following based on of the invention
Possible embodiment further makes an explanation:
The present invention be especially also related to it is a kind of for according to basic parameter or basic function, for example, it also includes open-circuit voltage on anode
U (t) or OCV(English: open circuit voltage), the anode voltage i.e. in open circuit and corresponding battery pack it is electric
Pond (being understood to battery assembly module 10) depend on Soc(SoC:state of charge, the English of charged state) internal resistance
R (t) is determined and is especially calculated the improved or optimal charging current I of lithium ion battery 10Lade, especially with
To charging current I in the case where the continuous aging of battery cell 10LadeAdaptation determine and especially calculate lithium ion
The improved or optimal charging current I of battery 10LadeMethod S.
It is important that available capacity and the maximum power being capable of calling for the use of battery cell 10.With
The passage of time and due to be charged and discharged process, capacity (SoH:state of health(health status)) decline and it is interior
It hinders R (t) to increase, the ability to work decline of battery cell 10, is generally well-known as aging or service life whereby.
The accelerated ageing that charging and especially quick charge lead to battery cell 10.Nowadays, quick charge is for electricity
Importance for the improved daily practicability of motor-car increases.In order to make in the charging duration most quick charge in short-term
Counter productive is reduced to bottom line, needs optimized charging strategy.
Starting point of the invention is: the charging and discharging process of battery cell 10 leads to the aging of battery cell 10.
Due to quick charge, it is particularly due to caused by so-called lithium platingactive particularly damage and is also known.
Lithium platingactive, i.e. when charging to battery cell 10, the deposition of lithium metal on the anode surface leads to lithium ion battery
It 10 aging and thus to avoid.Once current potential, i.e. of the anode relative to lithium neg /V vs. Li/Li + Drop below 0V
Value, just occur lithium platingactive.
Over-voltage in charging reduce anode potential and cause current potential on anode during the charging process may under
Fall below the value of 0V.
When these conditions are satisfied depending on different conditions.
Other than the material property of battery 10, other service conditions, such as charging current, charged state (SoC:State
Of Charge) and temperature be also important.
In order to avoid the deposition of lithium platingactive, i.e. lithium metal on anode, charging current I can be reducedLade, which thereby enhance
The required charging time.
However, anode has so-called overpotential allowance, which makes it possible to tolerate certain over-voltage (here
Indicated with U (t)) and anode potential does not become negative.
The overpotential allowance U (t) is greater than in the higher situation of charged state in the case where charged state SoC is low, such as
This in Fig. 2 also as understanding.Therefore, higher charging current I can be tolerated when charged state SoC is lowLade, and in anode
On current potential do not drop below the value of 0V.
If anode potential all takes the value of 0V during entire charging process, realizes and the case where lithium platingactive do not occurring
Under the maximum charging time shorten.
Although maximum charge electricity may also can be determined by referring to electrode and/or using test cell
Stream.
Anode potential can be measured during operation in this case and in this way according to charged state SoC and temperature come really
Fixed tolerable maximum charging current.But this due to the reference electrode that additionally needs and when necessary the construction of test cell
And it is associated with the measurement cost being enhanced.Additionally, test cell is different from terms of its characteristic and/or its geometry
Using (such as BEV:battery electric vehicle(pure electric vehicle)) used in battery.Reference electrode may also shadow
Ring the electrochemical properties of real battery.For those reasons, measurement result is diverted to the electricity in the application (such as BEV)
Pond is difficult.In addition, optimal service condition changes with the continuous aging of battery.
These variations are not accounted for using reference potential and/or the solution based on test cell.
This aspect may cause: charging current may be enhanced, and anode potential does not drop below the value of 0V.
In this case, the decline potentiality within the charging time do not utilize cmpletely.But on the other hand, this may also lead
Cause: anode potential drops below the value of 0V and battery is irreversibly damaged.
According to the present invention, in order to calculate optimized charging current ILade, the overpotential allowance U (t) of anode is detected, as
Basic parameter or basic function, for example, according to the charged state SoC of battery cell 10 and/or when necessary according to other parameters,
The temperature of the battery cell 10 being such as based on and/or aging detect the overpotential allowance U (t) of anode, as basic ginseng
Amount or basic function.
For this purpose, the overpotential allowance of anode can be used for exampleU neg := U neg (SoC, T, ...).The overpotential allowance
Such as can be determined by the open-circuit voltage of measurement anode OCV or anode, as this is in conjunction with Fig. 2 shows as.
In addition, according to charged state SoC, i.e. especially for R:=R (SoC), detect battery 10 internal resistance R (t) and
Especially along charging direction internal resistance R (t) and/or internal resistance only because lithium ion is inserted into the insertion process in anode and shape
At part.
However, alternatively or additionally, preferably detecting charging time t, preferably in several milliseconds to a few houres of time
The correlation of charging time t, charging current I, temperature T and charged state SoC in range, that as shown in this in conjunction with Fig. 3
Sample, especially i.e. for R:=R (SoC, T, t, I).
Internal resistance R (t) depending on SoC can for example pass through the OCV curve recorded in the state of the equilibrium and the electricity being based on
Voltage difference between the charging curve of pond group battery 10 determines.
According to following relational expression (1):
(1)
And especially in accordance with Ohm's law, the optimized charging to be used to charge to the battery cell 10 being based on is obtained
Electric current ILade, as the identified value as the value of basic parameter or the overpotential allowance U (t) of basic function and internal resistance R (t)
Quotient.
Thus by charging current ILadeIt is optimized to maximum value, and under anode potential does not have just during entire charging process
Fall below 0V and i.e. condition neg /V vs. Li/Li + ≥ 0It is satisfied.As a result, the charging time minimum will be reduced to
Degree.
For the application under battery operation, it can optionally make charging current ILadeNot with the battery that is based on
Disconnected aging adaptation.Internal resistance R can be according to charging time t, electric current I, pressure p and/or tension, temperature T and/or charged state
SoC is determined.
There is also determine a possibility that being worth just for quasi-static state, that is to say, that with charging time t, electric current I, pressure p
And/or tension, temperature T and/or charged state SoC are unrelated.
The illustrative method for determining internal resistance R at runtime is shown in conjunction with Fig. 7.
There, by relational expression (2) and (3), i.e. as follows
(2)
(3)
Obtain the internal resistance R of the operation from the battery cell 10 being based onBetrieb, wherein affiliated time t1'、t1、t2It can be with
Take value in the range of several milliseconds to a few houres.
It can also be executed by arbitrary other methods to internal resistance R at runtimeBetriebDetermination, this method is
It is known or also developing.
According to the internal resistance R at runtime, for example measured in the carBetriebRelative at runtime in BoL(BoL:
Begin of Life；The English at the time point to start running for the first time) when the internal resistance R that measuresBetrieb,BoLVariation, by means of
The resistance R at the time point of BoL, i.e. battery cell 10 to start running completelyBoLAnd the proportionality coefficient b of internal resistance R can transported
Estimated when row, for example estimated based on following relational expression (4):
, (4)
Resistance RBoLIt is construed as depending on charging time t, electric current I, pressure p (tension), temperature T and/or charged state
SoC, internal resistance R are equally construed as depending on charging time t, electric current I, pressure p (tension), temperature T and/or charging shape
State SoC.
Proportionality coefficient b for example can be by the battery cell of battery cell, preferably same battery type
Upstream measurement determines.
For this purpose, be construed as depending on charging time t, electric current I, pressure p (tension), temperature T and/or charging shape again
The value of the internal resistance R of state SoC can be repeatedly measured about the aging of battery cell 10, as this is combined illustrated by Fig. 3.
And then these are measured, and resistance are also determined, as the resistance may be measured at runtime.Proportionality coefficient
B is according to RBetriebRelative to R or as an alternative also only with respect to the average value of R, i.e.(such as this schematically shows also in relation with Fig. 4
As) the quotient of variation obtain, i.e., obtained by following relational expression (5):
Or(5).
In the case where equation (1), optimized charging current can be determined using the internal resistance being adapted to according to equation (4)
ILade, as this is in conjunction with as being further described Fig. 5.
This can be realized during entire battery life to optimized charging current in charging time the smallest situation
ILadeDetermination, without cause cell degradation aggravate and without full utilization anode overpotential allowance.
The process of calculating is schematically illustrated in conjunction with Fig. 7.
This method can not only be used to the charging process of single battery 10 and can be used for concatenated multiple batteries
The charging process of group battery.Here, for example by controller, preferably as the group of BMS unit (BMS: batteries management system)
The controller of part will give charging equipment according to the electric current theoretical value of equation (1).
This method is further described in conjunction with Fig. 8 and 9.In the electric vehicle (BEV) of battery pack operation when application this method,
Charging equipment 40 can be built in vehicle itself or or be built in charging pile.
It does not need to execute in test cell and/or reference for the application of charging design different from known method
Anode potential is optimized to the value of 0V by the measurement on electrode.Make charging current I by means of simply measuring at runtimeLadeWith
Continuous aging adaptation is also possible.The adaptation is helpful, because since the higher over-voltage U (t) of continuous aging can
Anode potential can be caused more tempestuously to decline and cause anode potential that may be negative whereby.
It is in terms of some cores of the invention:
(1) illustrate the method and/or device for charging to battery cell 10 or battery pack system 100；
(2) by using the combined characteristic and measurement deposited on battery cell 10 or battery pack system 100
Actual parameter determines charging current ILade；
(3) the overpotential allowance U (t) of anode-side is made full use of in charging；And/or
(4) it establishes and/or provides by charging equipment 40, batteries management system and battery cell 10 or battery pack system 100
The closed control circuit of composition.
It is preferred that according to the embodiment of Fig. 7,8 and 9.
Internal resistance can be carried out according to Fig. 6 determines that as an alternative, it can be possible that current distribution is generated using customer.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 7,8 and 9, in order to determine internal resistance R (t), closed control circuit is used.According to figure
It can integrate additional component in 6 embodiment.
According to the present invention, especially there is the following advantage relative to conventional method:
(A) optimize the charging of battery assembly module 10 or battery pack system 100 about aging effect；
(B) charging time is shortened into the optimal minimum value of service life；
(C) it eliminates additional component to spend, such as the additional component in terms of test cell or reference electrode is spent；
And/or
(D) charging method of the overpotential based on anode-side is introduced.
Even if aspect according to the invention and advantageous embodiment have all been explained according to the attached drawing with accompanying in association
The embodiment stated describes in detail, to those skilled in the art, the modifications and combinations of the feature of shown embodiment
Also be all it is possible, without departing from protection scope of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention by appended claims come
It limits.
Reference signs list
1 (the first) charging cable
2 (the second) charging cables
10 battery assembly modules
11 (the first) connecting pins
12 (the second) connecting pins
13 sensors
20 curve graphs (overpotential allowance)
21 abscissas
22 ordinates
23 tracks
25 curve graphs (internal resistance in aging)
26 abscissas
27 ordinates
The track 28-1
The track 28-2
The track 28-3
29 agings increase
30 curve graphs (proportionality coefficient)
31 abscissas
32 ordinates
33 tracks
34 measurement points
35 curve graphs (charging current in aging)
36 abscissas
37 ordinates
The track 38-1
The track 38-2
The track 38-3
39 internal resistance R (t) are increased
40 charhing units
41 (the first) connecting pins
42 (the second) connecting pins
45 controllers
46 batteries management systems
50 control units
51 (the first) signal wires
52 (the second) signal wires
53 control lines
54 detect and control line
60 curve graphs (current impulse)
61 abscissas
62 ordinates
63 tracks
65 curve graphs (voltage responsive)
66 abscissas
67 ordinates
68 tracks
100 battery pack systems
110 charging systems
S is used for the method controlled
S0 inquires charge condition
S1 determines the current value of the overpotential allowance U (t) of anode
S2 determines the current value of the internal resistance R (t) of battery assembly module 10
S3 determines quotient
S4 sets charging current ILade(t)
Claims (16)
1. the method (S) of charging of the one kind for controlling battery assembly module (10), the method have following steps:
(i) current value of the overpotential allowance (U (t)) of the anode for the battery assembly module (10) that (S1) is based on is determined；
(ii) current value of the internal resistance (R (t)) for the battery assembly module (10) that (S2) is based on is determined；
(iii) current value and internal resistance (R of the overpotential allowance (U (t)) for the battery assembly module (10) that (S3) is based on are determined
(t)) value of the quotient of current value；And
(iv) according to the value of the quotient, (S4) at least one charging current (I is set according to following relationship formula (I)Lade(t))
Intensity and/or time-varying process:
(I).
2. according to the method for claim 1 (S), as long as wherein meet charge condition, step (i) to (iv) weighing in real time
It is implemented as again so that the charging current (ILade(t)) current value during the charging process with the battery pack list that is based on
The overpotential allowance (U (t)) of first (10) and the current value adaptation of internal resistance (R (t)) and/or holding and the battery assembly module being based on
(10) the current value adaptation of overpotential allowance (U (t)) and internal resistance (R (t)).
3. method (S) according to one of the above claims, wherein directly determining the overpotential according to voltage measurement
The current value of allowance (U (t)), and/or by directly measuring the battery assembly module under conditions of battery circuit is opened a way
(10) anode voltage of anode determines the current value of the overpotential allowance (U (t)).
4. according to the method for claim 3 (S), wherein positive by the half-cell for directly measuring the battery assembly module (10)
Pole determined the current value of the overpotential allowance (U (t)) relative to the voltage of lithium electrode at equilibrium.
5. method (S) according to one of the above claims, wherein directly being determined according to current measurement and voltage measurement
The value of the internal resistance (R (t)), and/or by applying and to measure pulse on the battery assembly module (10) permanent when necessary
Fixed electric current and the voltage responsive of the battery assembly module (10) is measured to determine the value of the internal resistance (R (t)).
6. method (S) according to one of the above claims, wherein based on the battery pack detected at equilibrium
Voltage difference between the change procedure and charging curve of the open-circuit voltage of unit (10) determines the value of the internal resistance (R (t)).
7. method (S) according to claim 5 or 6, based at runtime in the internal resistance (R at current time pointBetrieb
(t)) value, at runtime in the internal resistance (R at the time point of the battery assembly module (10) to start running completelyBetrieb,BoL)
Internal resistance (the R of value and the time point to start running completely in the battery assembly module (10)BoL) value determine the internal resistance (R
(t)) value.
8. according to the method for claim 7 (S), wherein determining the internal resistance (R (t)) based on following relationship formula (II)
Value:
, (II)
Wherein R (t) indicates the value to be determined of the internal resistance, RBetrieb(t) it indicates at runtime current time point t's
The value of the internal resistance, RBetrieb,BoLIt indicates at runtime at the time point of the battery assembly module (10) to start running completely
The value of the internal resistance, RBoLIndicate the value in the internal resistance at the time point of the battery assembly module (10) to start running completely
And b indicates proportionality coefficient.
9. according to the method for claim 8 (S), wherein determining proportionality coefficient b according to following relationship formula (III):
Or, (III)
I.e. as the internal resistance R currently measured at runtimeBetrieb(t) variation of the variation of value relative to the value of internal resistance RΔROr
Person's average value relative to internal resistance R as an alternativeVariationQuotient.
10. method (S) according to one of the above claims, wherein by using about the battery assembly module (10)
The battery assembly module (10) is determined indirectly from readout is read in table in the addressing of currently measured operating parameter
The current value of overpotential allowance (U (t)) and/or the current value of internal resistance (R (t)).
11. according to the method for claim 10 (S), wherein by the value of one or more parameters in following parameter group
As currently measured for the operating parameter being addressed from the reading read in table, the parameter group to have described
The charged state (SoC) of battery assembly module (10), the charging time on the battery assembly module (10), the battery assembly module
(10) the service life of charging current, the battery assembly module (10), the pressure of the battery assembly module (10) and the electricity
The temperature (T) of pond group unit (10).
12. method of the one kind for charging to battery assembly module (10), the method have following steps:
(a) charging current (I is providedLade)；And
(b) with the charging current (ILade) the load battery assembly module (10),
Wherein using setting the charging current (I to method described in one of 11 according to claim 1Lade).
13. one kind is for controlling charging and/or controlling the charging current (I for charging to battery assembly module (10)Lade) control
Unit (50), described control unit is established as: implementing method according to one of claims 1 to 12 and/or the control
Unit processed is configured to batteries management system or is configured to the part of batteries management system.
14. charging system (110) of the one kind for charging to battery assembly module (10),
The charging system is established as: used in the case where according to claim 1 to method described in one of 11 and/
Or it is controlled, and/or this method is used and/or implemented in the method according to claim 11；And/or
The charging system has
(I) charhing unit (40) that can be connect with the battery assembly module (10), the charhing unit, which is configured to provide, to be filled
Electric current (ILade) and be used for the charging current (ILade) the load battery assembly module (10), and
(II) control unit (50) according to claim 13, for controlling the operation of the charhing unit (40).
15. a kind of battery pack system (100), includes
At least one battery assembly module (10)；With
Charging system (110) according to claim 14, the charging system are configured for controllably
It charges and is used for and controllable being electrically connected of the battery assembly module (10) to the battery assembly module (10).
16. a kind of working equipment, includes
It can electrically driven (operated) equipment；With
Battery pack system (100) according to claim 15, the battery pack system are configured for controllable
Mode supplies electric energy to the equipment, for running the equipment.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102018200976.7 | 2018-01-23 | ||
| DE102018200976.7A DE102018200976A1 (en) | 2018-01-23 | 2018-01-23 | Method for controlling the charging of a battery unit, method for charging a battery unit, control unit, charging system, battery system and working device |
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| DE102018200976A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
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