CN110070286A - Disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid and system - Google Patents
Disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid and systems, comprising: obtains power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter, establishes dynamic power grid system model；External environment data are obtained, dynamic power grid system model is inputted, are judged to obtain if there is external electrical network event of failure under initial grid operation mode since external environment causes the sequence of electric network element failure；Establish power grid mixing differential algebraic equations；Dynamic power grid system model is emulated according to the primary condition of power grid cascading fault simulation analysis and the power grid mixing differential algebraic equations of foundation；When emulation, according to admittance matrix YbusJudge power grid whether off-the-line, if power grid not off-the-line, continues operation；Judge whether to terminate emulation；Form electric network consecutive failure accident chain；Output emulation data, overall merit power networks risk.The present invention can consider influence of the disaster-ridden kind of coupling cascading failure of relay protection acting characteristic to electric network element.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis methods of Power System Analysis control field more particularly to power grid
And system.
Background technique
The situation that high frequency time occurs is presented in the various accidents of power grid.A large amount of cases show the various power of accident
Exchanging for matter and energy is constantly carried out between process, between each dynamic process and environment, often will form disaster chain, it is right
The continuous amplification that disaster develops effect plays key effect.Therefore, the overall mesh towards the prevention of major accident disaster integrated risk
Mark needs to develop from the research of single disaster to disaster chain complexity and its Study of Prevention Technology changes.
Major accident disaster usually contains disaster-ridden kind of coupling and mutual secondary derivative dynamic process.Major accident disaster
The complicated multiplicity of the relationship of secondary derivative and concurrent disaster-ridden inter-species, between calamity Interspecific interaction and disaster-ridden kind of space-time group there may be
Complicated secondary derivative and the coupled relations such as time of origin is successive, coverage is superimposed, causes the growth and decline of calamity effect, correlation or triggering.Suddenly
Will lead to depending on these relationships can not capture disaster-ridden kind concurrently act under accident cause calamity mechanism.Current research mostly uses list
Calamity kind risk is directly added or assigns the method that power is added to assess disaster-ridden kind of risk, however to secondary derivative and coupling
For disaster-ridden kind, the not simple superposition of integrated risk differentiates interaction relationship between disaster and disaster chain pattern to more
Calamity kind risk assessment is particularly important.How to establish the mathematical description of disaster-ridden kind of coupled relation and develops disaster-ridden kind of wind on this basis
Dangerous appraisal procedure is the important scientific problems for needing to solve.The relationship of the secondary derivative of major accident disaster and concurrent disaster-ridden inter-species
Complicated multiplicity, calamity Interspecific interaction and space-time combination have extremely strong non-linear and uncertain, use static evaluation
The complication system that model prediction, the secondary derivative of assessment major accident disaster and disaster-ridden evil couple, can generate very big error.
For power grid, in terms of power grid cascading accident analysis, existing research calculates power grid using DC power flow method
Trend distribution, the node of collapse of voltage can not be obtained；Secondly, not setting up the power grid for considering primary topology and secondary relay protection
Cascading failure model；Existing method is all based on the cascading failure point under the conditions of history electric network element failure or contingency set
Analysis does not consider that actual electric network operation external environment (destroy by such as a wide range of mountain fire, a wide range of ice damage, a wide range of lightning stroke, frequent external force
Deng) a variety of disasters couple influence to electric network element.Finally, electric network swim and stability analysis calculation amount are huge, it is difficult to simultaneously
Guarantee computational accuracy and calculates accuracy rate.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling cascading failure analysis side for considering relay protection acting characteristic
Method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid and systems, to solve existing power grid
Cascading failure analysis does not consider the technical issues of influence of a variety of disaster couplings to electric network element.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution proposed by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid, comprising the following steps:
Power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter are obtained, dynamic is established according to power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter
Network system model；
External environment data are obtained, dynamic power grid system model is inputted, judges whether that there may be external electrical network failure things
Part；If there is external electrical network event of failure, obtain under initial grid operation mode since external environment causes electric network element event
The sequence of barrier；
Establish power grid mixing differential algebraic equations；According to the electricity of the primary condition of power grid cascading fault simulation analysis and foundation
Net mixing differential algebraic equations emulate dynamic power grid system model；When emulation, calculates and obtain transmission line of electricity and transformer
Whether element is generated overcurrent due to electric current, temperature, node voltage and frequency parameter and the operation threshold of each components set, surpassed
The irregular operating state of temperature, low pressure and low frequency, if there are irregular operating states for the element of power grid, then relay protection acts
Cut off the element；Every action event that once resecting element occurs, according to admittance matrix YbusJudge power grid whether off-the-line, if
Power grid not off-the-line, then continue operation；If grid disconnection, cut off corresponding branch, return reacquire power grid primary parameter and
Electric grid secondary parameter；
Judge whether to terminate emulation according to the calculation result of simulation time or power grid mixing differential algebraic equations；
According to the sequence for causing electric network element failure due to external environment, electric network consecutive failure accident chain is formed；
Output emulation data, overall merit power networks risk.
As further improvements in methods of the invention:
Preferably, power grid primary parameter includes topology data, line parameter circuit value, transformer parameter, load parameter, power generation
Machine parameter, capacitor parameters and reactor parameter；Electric grid secondary parameter includes: transmission line of electricity, generator, bus relay protection dress
Set the adjusting definite value of configuration and overcurrent protection, distance protection, temperature protection, low-voltage variation and underfrequency protection.
Preferably, electric network data includes power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter；Power grid primary parameter includes topology knot
Structure data, line parameter circuit value, transformer parameter, load parameter, generator parameter, capacitor parameters and reactor parameter；Power grid two
Subparameter include: transmission line of electricity, generator, bus relay protector configuration and overcurrent protection, distance protection, temperature protection,
The adjusting definite value of low-voltage variation and underfrequency protection.
Preferably, external environment data include the title of compromised transmission line of electricity, compromised disaster factors and tripping
Probability；
It is obtained under initial grid operation mode by following steps since external environment causes the sequence of electric network element failure:
Judge whether that there may be external electrical network event of failure；If there is external electrical network event of failure, it is general to calculate electric network element failure
Rate, when electric network element probability of malfunction is greater than probability of malfunction threshold value, decision element failure cuts off fault element, and records.
Preferably, the primary condition of power grid cascading fault simulation analysis, comprising: grid simulation analyzes total duration Tend；Power grid
Load flow calculation mode and the condition of convergence；Grid simulation time step △ t；Overcurrent protection actuation time TocAnd manner of execution Aoc；Away from
From operating time of protection TzAnd manner of execution Az；Temperature protection actuation time TtempAnd manner of execution Atemp；When low-voltage variation acts
Between TuAnd manner of execution Au；And underfrequency protection actuation time TfAnd manner of execution Af。
Preferably, dynamic power grid system model includes any combination of following four:
(1) grid generator model:
The nonlinear equation of active power and reactive power difference is as follows:
Wherein, i is generator node serial number, | E 'a,i| it is transient state open-loop voltage amplitude, | Vi| it is the electricity of generator node
Pressure amplitude value, δm,iFor the phase angle of generator i, X 'd,iFor d-axis transient state reactance, Xq,iFor quadrature axis reactance, Xd,iIt is same for generator d-axis
Walk reactance；|E′a,i| it is transient state open-loop voltage amplitude, is determined by the following differential equation:
T′do,iD-axis transient state reactance time constant, Efd,iIt is the output voltage of generator exciter；
(2) power grid rotor apparatus model:
Wherein, i is the arbitrary node in all generator node sets, and M is the inertia constant of generator；ωiFor normalizing
The rotor speed of change, D are rejection coefficient；Pm,iFor generator mechanical input power；Pg,iThe power output of generator；
(3) power grid energizing apparatus model:
Wherein, EfdIt is the output voltage of generator exciter, VrefFor reference voltage, VtFor node virtual voltage, TAFor certainly
Encourage winding time constant, TBWinding time constant, K are encouraged for itEFor energizing apparatus time constant, sigm () is for value
The S type function of [Emin, Emax]；
(4) power grid governor model:
For governor control mechanical force to make generator generate a revolving speed deviation, investigation model of the present invention includes waiting than adjusting
Speed and secondary agent's speed regulating control, to enable the system to keep frequency deviation close to 0；
PmFor generated output power, PrefFor generator reference output power, ωiFor normalized generator speed, R is
The of short duration decline of the set end voltage of generator is without rising generator allows to increase suddenly in load or system voltage declines
Qiang Li or the time constant of shutdown, TiTime constant, T are controlled for PItFor Serve Motor Control time constant, P3It was controlled for PI
Instantaneous difference variable in journey.
Preferably, judge whether to terminate emulation according to the calculation result of simulation time and power grid mixing differential algebraic equations,
Include:
Judge whether simulation time T reaches setting total duration Tend, if it is, terminating emulation；If not then continuing；
Judge whether power grid mixing differential algebraic equations calculation result is h < 0, if h < 0, finds out the element for leading to h < 0
Number and corresponding protective relaying device number, cut off the element, and update dynamic power grid system model.
Preferably, emulation data include: time t, generator UiFrequency fui, generator frequency per unit value, generator function
Rate, generator potential, busbar voltage, bus phase angle, excitation voltage, exciter terminal voltage, pressure regulator power and transmission line of electricity
Any several combination in temperature.
Preferably, with admittance matrix YbusJudge whether solution is classified as cycling condition to power grid, including if power grid not off-the-line,
Continue operation；If grid disconnection, returns and read electric network data step.
Preferably, overall merit power networks risk includes: and is generated according to electric network consecutive failure accident chain in conjunction with fault chains
Trend distribution afterwards, which calculates, obtains three grid branch resection rate, network load loss late and grid generation loss late index comprehensives
Judge power networks risk, trend distribution includes: the power of element conveying and the power of node.
The present invention also provides a kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling cascading failure analysis system of power grid, including memory, processor and
The computer program that can be run on a memory and on a processor is stored, processor realizes above-mentioned when executing computer program
The step of one method.
The invention has the following advantages:
Disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of a kind of power grid of the invention and system, comprehensively consider operation of power networks side
Formula, relay protection acting characteristic and external environment can accurately emulate external a wide range of mountain fire, ice damage, lightning stroke etc. to electric network influencing
Disaster causes the analysis developed after electric network fault to power grid cascading failure chain.In a preferred approach, power grid of power grid is combined
The method of operation and secondary relay protection acting characteristic realize the high-precision and high-accuracy emulation of power grid cascading failure.According to
Power grid cascading failure accident chain conclusion can carry out corresponding emergency disposal prediction scheme in time, realize mentioning under disaster-ridden kind of coupling condition
Preceding reply reduces a wide range of disaster coupling to loss caused by power grid.Accuracy rate is high, practical.
Other than objects, features and advantages described above, there are also other objects, features and advantages by the present invention.
Below with reference to accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in further detail.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of disaster-ridden kind of the power grid of preferred embodiment of the present invention coupling grid cascading failure analysis method.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention can be defined by the claims
Implement with the multitude of different ways of covering.
Referring to Fig. 1, disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of a kind of power grid of the invention, comprising the following steps:
Power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter are obtained, dynamic is established according to power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter
Network system model；
External environment data are obtained, dynamic power grid system model is inputted, judges whether that there may be external electrical network failure things
Part；If there is external electrical network event of failure, obtain under initial grid operation mode since external environment causes electric network element event
The sequence of barrier；
Establish power grid mixing differential algebraic equations；According to the electricity of the primary condition of power grid cascading fault simulation analysis and foundation
Net mixing differential algebraic equations emulate dynamic power grid system model；When emulation, calculates and obtain transmission line of electricity and transformer
Whether element is generated overcurrent due to electric current, temperature, node voltage and frequency parameter and the operation threshold of each components set, surpassed
The irregular operating state of temperature, low pressure and low frequency, if there are irregular operating states for the element of power grid, then relay protection acts
Cut off the element；Every action event that once resecting element occurs, according to admittance matrix YbusJudge power grid whether off-the-line, if
Power grid not off-the-line, then continue operation；If grid disconnection, cut off corresponding branch, return reacquire power grid primary parameter and
Electric grid secondary parameter；
Judge whether to terminate emulation according to the calculation result of simulation time or power grid mixing differential algebraic equations；
According to the sequence for causing electric network element failure due to external environment, electric network consecutive failure accident chain is formed；
Output emulation data, overall merit power networks risk.
Above-mentioned steps, comprehensively consider grid operation mode, relay protection acting characteristic and external environment to electric network influencing, can
The disasters such as accurate emulation external a wide range of mountain fire, ice damage, lightning stroke divide power grid cascading failure chain development after causing electric network fault
Analysis.
When actual implementation, above method also can be carried out expansion or application below, the technical characteristic in following embodiment
It can be combined with each other, embodiment not as the normal combination to technical characteristic only as an example, limit.
Embodiment 1:
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
S1: setting power grid cascading fault simulation analyzes primary condition；
Power grid cascading fault simulation analysis primary condition includes: grid simulation analysis total duration Tend；Electric network swim calculating side
Formula and the condition of convergence；Grid simulation time step △ t；Overcurrent protection actuation time TocAnd manner of execution Aoc；Distance protection movement
Time TzAnd manner of execution Az；Temperature protection actuation time TtempAnd manner of execution Atemp；Low-voltage variation actuation time TuAnd movement
Mode Au；And underfrequency protection actuation time TfAnd manner of execution Af。
S2: electric network data is read.
2.1 reading power grid primary parameters include: topology data, line parameter circuit value, transformer parameter, load parameter, hair
The parameter of electric machine, capacitor parameters and reactor parameter.
2.2 reading electric grid secondary parameters include: that transmission line of electricity, generator, bus relay protector configuration and overcurrent are protected
Shield, distance protection, temperature protection, the adjusting definite value of low-voltage variation and underfrequency protection.
S3: power grid mixing differential algebraic equations are established.
Indicate that dynamic network system, the present invention are generated in view of protective relaying device by a series of differential algebraic equations
Discrete event increases discrete equation, to generate mixing differential algebraic equations.
If network system can be by three x (t), y (t), z (t) vector descriptions in the state of t moment:
Wherein: x (t) is continuous state vector, according to the following differential equation with time change.
Y (t) is continuous state variable, it is pure mathematical relationship with its dependent variable.
G (t, x (t), y (t), z (t))=0 (2)
Z (t) is state vector, it is only in integer state.
H (t, x (t), y (t), z (t)) < 0 (3)
When constraint hi (...) < 0 is unsatisfactory for, relevant counter di activation.Wherein, hi (...) < 0 is to judge power grid
Whether system resolves successful foundation, works as hiWhen (...) > 0, then counter di is activated, as multiple hiWhen (...) > 0, di counting can reach
To its limiting value, then it is assumed that this time resolves trend and do not restrain；Change the value of z (t), di is reset, and restarts simulation calculation.Until
The number that z (t) changes reaches the convergence simulation times of primary condition setting, if last time does not restrain also, then it is assumed that trend
It can not restrain, stop calculating.For complex electric network system, calculative parameter is especially more, when power-balance or initially
Value selection is incorrect all to may cause such case.
Then judge to resolve failure at this time, stops resolving, analyze without result.For complex electric network system, need to calculate
Parameter it is especially more, when power-balance or initial value selection it is incorrect all may cause resolving failure the case where.
When the present embodiment is implemented, dynamic power grid system model includes following electric network element model, to obtain above-mentioned
Power grid mixes differential algebraic equations.It can be chosen according to the precision of actual grid simulation and time requirement with drag, this implementation
Example is raising simulation accuracy, selects while using four kinds of following models.
The grid generator model:
Using generator convex portion and pole submodel, the nonlinear equation of active power and reactive power:
I is generator node serial number, | E 'a,i| it is transient state open-loop voltage amplitude, | Vi| it is the voltage amplitude of generator node
Value, δm,iFor the phase angle of generator i, X 'd,iFor d-axis transient state reactance, Xq,iFor quadrature axis reactance, Xd,iFor generator direct-axis synchronous electricity
It is anti-.|E′a,i| it is transient state open-loop voltage amplitude, is determined by the following differential equation:
T′do,iD-axis transient state reactance time constant, Efd,iIt is the output voltage of generator exciter.
The power grid rotor apparatus model:
Rotor speed and the incidence relation of bus i are indicated with typical second order rotor equation.For describing synchronous generator
Rotational characteristic.The rotor speed w of standard be under normal operating conditions it is fixed, when having oscillation, w can accelerate
Or slow down.
I is the arbitrary node in all generator node sets, and M is the inertia constant of generator；ωiIt is normalized turn
Rotor speed, D are rejection coefficient；Pm,iFor generator mechanical input power；Pg,iThe power output of generator；
The power grid energizing apparatus model:
Generator excited system utilizes general second order differential equation model.
EfdIt is the output voltage of generator exciter, VrefFor reference voltage, VtFor node virtual voltage, TAFor self-excitation around
Group time constant, TBWinding time constant, K are encouraged for itEFor energizing apparatus time constant, sigm () be value be [Emin,
Emax] S type function.
The power grid governor model:
For governor control mechanical force to make generator generate a revolving speed deviation, investigation model of the present invention includes waiting than adjusting
Speed and secondary agent's speed regulating control, to enable the system to keep frequency deviation close to 0.
PmFor generated output power, PrefFor generator reference output power, ωiFor normalized generator speed, R is
Generator allow to increase suddenly in load or when system voltage decline generator the of short duration decline of set end voltage without
Play the time constant of Qiang Li or shutdown, TiTime constant, T are controlled for PItFor Serve Motor Control time constant, P3For PI control
Instantaneous difference variable in the process.
S4: external environment data are read, judge whether that there may be external electrical network event of failure；
4.1, if there is external electrical network event of failure, calculate electric network element probability of malfunction, and the probability that such as trips is more than 0.8, then
Think element fault.
S5: according to the primary condition of power grid cascading fault simulation analysis and the power grid mixing differential algebraic equations of foundation to dynamic
State network system model is emulated；When emulation, calculate obtain transmission line of electricity, the elements such as transformer whether due to electric current, temperature,
Node voltage and frequency parameter, then the operation threshold based on each components set and generate overcurrent, overtemperature, low pressure, low frequency etc.
Irregular operating state, if the element of power grid there are the irregular operating state, then relay protection movement cuts off the element；
Every action event that once resecting element occurs.
S6: according to admittance matrix YbusJudge power grid whether off-the-line；
If 6.1 power grids not off-the-line, continues operation；
If 6.2 grid disconnections, corresponding branch is cut off, returns and reacquires power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary ginseng
Number；Enter step S2.
S7: judge whether to terminate emulation according to the calculation result of simulation time or power grid mixing differential algebraic equations.
Power grid mixing differential algebraic equations are resolved according to trapezoid model.When in time tdOccur trip event when, resolve with
Lower equation:
g(td,x+,y+, z) and=0 (5)
h(td,x+,y+)=0 (6)
d(td,x+,y+)=0 (7)
In formula, t is the time point of previous step-length, i.e. td=t+ △ td, d is counting function, x, y, z be formula (1), (2),
(3) x (t) in, y (t), z (t) write a Chinese character in simplified form.x+、y+For x, y t moment next moment initial value.
7.1 judge whether simulation time T reaches setting total duration Tend, if it is, terminating emulation；If not then after
It is continuous.It needs every calculating to complete a step-length and just judges the time.In addition, have been calculated a step-length will be corresponding with one as a result,
When simulation result is corresponding with element, and cascading failure occurs, needs first to modify power network topology, be then further continued for emulating, even if not having
Generating device cascading failure, it is also necessary to judge whether in external environment whether faulty input.
7.2 judge whether power grid mixing differential algebraic equations calculation result is h < 0, if h < 0, finding out leads to h < 0
Element number and corresponding protective relaying device number, cut off the element, that is, the cascading failure element caused, and enter step
S3；If h >=0 enters step S4.
S8: according to the sequence for causing electric network element failure due to external environment, electric network consecutive failure accident chain is formed.
It is recorded under initial grid operation mode since external environment causes the sequence of electric network element failure and external fault draws electricity
The sequence for the cutting member that net causes relay protection to act due to overcurrent, overtemperature, low pressure, low frequency etc. forms electric network consecutive
Failure accident chain.
S9: output emulation data to excel, overall merit power networks risk.
Emulating data includes: time t, generator UiFrequency fui, generator frequency per unit value, generator power, power generation
Electromechanical gesture, busbar voltage, bus phase angle, excitation voltage, exciter terminal voltage, pressure regulator power and temperature of electric transmission line are several
Combination.Operation of power networks wind is judged according to three grid branch resection rate, network load loss late, grid generation loss late indexs
Danger.
In step S9, grid branch resection rate keeps the branch and initial electricity of active electric network at the end of being characterized in cascading failure
The ratio of net circuitry number.
Wherein, lsFor in the last layer of cascading failure independently in sub- network system active electric network circuitry number；N is to connect
Independent sub- network system number when locking the last layer of failure.liFor initial grid branch number.ηSlValue is always nonnegative value, is worth bigger
Indicate that network system overload degree is smaller.
Grid generation loss late:
Wherein Cl,iFor cascading failure at the end of independent sub- network system in generator active output power, k is most
The quantity of the independent sub- network system of cascading failure when later layer；N is initial independent sub- network system number, ClFor initial power grid hair
Output power of motor sum.ηScValue is always nonnegative value, is worth transmission line capability in bigger expression network system and keeps degree higher.
Network load loss late:
Each power grid subsystem at the end of for cascading failure, obtains in each power grid subsystem and keeps load
Ls。
The quantity of the independent sub- network system set Send of cascading failure when wherein m is the last layer；Pjk,genFor set Send
In in j-th isolated power network subsystem Gend, j k-th of generator output power it is active, Djl,busIt is j-th in set Send
The load of first of node is active in isolated power network subsystem Gend, j.ηSdValue is always nonnegative value, is worth in bigger expression network system
Workload demand keeps degree higher.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is the application examples of embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:
S1: electric network data is read, including the parameter of 1711 routes, 1323 bus parameters, 121 in power grid primary parameter
Platform motor (containing excitation and controller), 233 capacitors and inductance, 667 loads.
S2: reading electric grid secondary parameter includes: that transmission line of electricity, generator, bus relay protector configuration and overcurrent are protected
Shield, distance protection, temperature protection, the adjusting definite value of low-voltage variation and underfrequency protection；
S3: power grid mixing differential algebraic equations are established.
S4: setting power grid cascading fault simulation analyzes primary condition；
Grid simulation analyzes total duration TendIt is 2 hours；
Electric network swim calculation is newton La Fuxun trend, and the condition of convergence is that error is less than or equal to 10-9；
Grid simulation time step △ t=0.5s；
Overcurrent protection actuation time Toc=0.5s and manner of execution AocTo cut off route；
Distance protection actuation time Tz=0.5s and manner of execution AzTo cut off route；
Temperature protection actuation time Ttemp=0s and manner of execution AtempTo cut off route；
Low-voltage variation actuation time Tu=0.5s and manner of execution AuFor the load of bus 25% where excision；
Underfrequency protection actuation time Tf=0.5s and manner of execution AfFor the load of bus 25% where excision.
S5: reading external environment data, and in t=2800s, power grid finds 2 transmission line forest fire Fire1And Fire2, wherein
Fire1500kV ship Soviet Union I line is threatened, tripping probability is more than 0.92, it is believed that the 500kV ship Soviet Union I line tripping in t=2800s；
S6: according to admittance matrix YbusJudge that off-the-line does not occur for power grid, step 7 judges that power grid mixes differential algebraic equations solution
Calculation result is h < 0, and the overcurrent protection of the true I line #1 relay protection of 220kV transmission line of electricity fork-like farm tool used in ancient China acts, through looking into, the route at this time defeated
Power transmission stream is 546A, has been more than its transmission line capability 380A.
S7: output emulation data to excel.
Emulating data includes: time t, generator UiFrequency fui, generator frequency per unit value, generator power, power generation
Electromechanical gesture, busbar voltage, bus phase angle, excitation voltage, exciter terminal voltage, pressure regulator power, temperature of electric transmission line.
S8: it is recorded under initial grid operation mode since external environment causes the sequence and outside event of electric network element failure
The sequence for the cutting member that the power grid that barrier causes causes relay protection to act due to overcurrent, overtemperature, low pressure, low frequency etc., shape
At electric network consecutive failure accident chain.
S9: judge that power grid is transported according to three grid branch resection rate, network load loss late, grid generation loss late indexs
Row risk.
In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is realized by following two main points, disaster-ridden kind of coupling analysis of power grid, i.e., more
Kind disaster is successively effected at the element of power grid, is constantly expanded to the influence that operation of power networks generates by superposition, than independent
Power grid disaster (single calamity kind) is much bigger to electric network influencing.
1) input for passing through electric network fault event, i.e., disposably inputting multiple external faults or inputting in a short time
Multiple external faults embody disaster-ridden kind of coupling；
2) in calculating process, when operating parameter by calculating each node of power grid, each element, pass through differential algebraic equations
Consider the influence of the failure superposition of a variety of disasters of power grid.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment provides a kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling cascading failure analysis system of power grid, including memory, processor and
The computer program that can be run on a memory and on a processor is stored, processor realizes above-mentioned when executing computer program
The step of one embodiment.
In summary, the present invention passes through the tripping of comprehensive grid operation mode, relay protection acting characteristic and external environment
The disaster-ridden kind of multifactor coupling grid cascading failure analysis method such as probability.For the practical relay protection type to trip of power grid, establish
Relay protection model realizes the fault simulation of electric network element；Based on the development process of power grid external environment, introduce in real time external more
Probability of malfunction of the kind disaster to power grid；The power network topology and characteristic for constructing electric network element physical model, improve the standard of grid simulation
True rate improves simulation efficiency using the grid simulation analysis method of variable step.It is this method thinking novelty, clear process, accurate
Rate height and practical.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid, which comprises the following steps:
Power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter are obtained, dynamic is established according to the power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter
Network system model；
Establish power grid mixing differential algebraic equations；
External environment data are obtained, the dynamic power grid system model is inputted, judges whether that there may be external electrical network failure things
Part；If there is external electrical network event of failure, obtain under initial grid operation mode since external environment causes electric network element event
The sequence of barrier；
According to the primary condition of power grid cascading fault simulation analysis and the power grid mixing differential algebraic equations of foundation to dynamic power grid
System model is emulated；When emulation, calculates and whether obtain transmission line of electricity and transformer element due to electric current, temperature, node electricity
Pressure and frequency parameter and the operation threshold of each components set and the irregular operating shape for generating overcurrent, overtemperature, low pressure and low frequency
State, if the element of power grid there are the irregular operating state, then relay protection movement cuts off the element；Every generation is once cut
Except the action event of element, according to admittance matrix YbusJudge power grid whether off-the-line, if power grid not off-the-line, continues operation；Such as
Fruit grid disconnection cuts off corresponding branch, returns and reacquires power grid primary parameter and electric grid secondary parameter；
Judge whether to terminate emulation according to the calculation result of simulation time or power grid mixing differential algebraic equations；
According to the sequence for causing electric network element failure due to external environment, electric network consecutive failure accident chain is formed；
Output emulation data, overall merit power networks risk.
2. disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the power grid one
Subparameter includes topology data, line parameter circuit value, transformer parameter, load parameter, generator parameter, capacitor parameters and electricity
Anti- device parameter；The electric grid secondary parameter include: transmission line of electricity, generator, bus relay protector configuration and overcurrent protection,
Distance protection, temperature protection, the adjusting definite value of low-voltage variation and underfrequency protection.
3. disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the external rings
Border data include the title, compromised disaster factors and tripping probability of compromised transmission line of electricity；
It is obtained under initial grid operation mode by following steps since external environment causes the sequence of electric network element failure: judgement
Whether there may be external electrical network event of failure；If there is external electrical network event of failure, electric network element probability of malfunction is calculated, when
When the electric network element probability of malfunction is greater than probability of malfunction threshold value, decision element failure cuts off fault element, and records.
4. disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the power grid connects
Lock the primary condition of fault simulation analysis, comprising: grid simulation analyzes total duration Tend；Electric network swim calculation and convergence item
Part；Grid simulation time step △ t；Overcurrent protection actuation time TocAnd manner of execution Aoc；Distance protection actuation time TzAnd it is dynamic
Make mode Az；Temperature protection actuation time TtempAnd manner of execution Atemp；Low-voltage variation actuation time TuAnd manner of execution Au；And
Underfrequency protection actuation time TfAnd manner of execution Af。
5. disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid according to any one of claim 1 to 4, feature exist
In the dynamic power grid system model includes any combination of following four:
(1) grid generator model:
The nonlinear equation of active power and reactive power difference is as follows:
Wherein, i is generator node serial number, | E 'a,i| it is transient state open-loop voltage amplitude, | Vi| it is the voltage amplitude of generator node
Value, δm,iFor the phase angle of generator i, X 'd,iFor d-axis transient state reactance, Xq,iFor quadrature axis reactance, Xd,iFor generator direct-axis synchronous electricity
It is anti-；|E′a,i| it is transient state open-loop voltage amplitude, is determined by the following differential equation:
T′do,iD-axis transient state reactance time constant, Efd,iIt is the output voltage of generator exciter；
(2) power grid rotor apparatus model:
Wherein, i is the arbitrary node in all generator node sets, and M is the inertia constant of generator；ωiIt is normalized turn
Rotor speed, D are rejection coefficient；Pm,iFor generator mechanical input power；Pg,iThe power output of generator；
(3) power grid energizing apparatus model:
Wherein, EfdIt is the output voltage of generator exciter, VrefFor reference voltage, VtFor node virtual voltage, TAFor self-excitation around
Group time constant, TBWinding time constant, K are encouraged for itEFor energizing apparatus time constant, sigm () be value be [Emin,
Emax] S type function；
(4) power grid governor model:
Governor control mechanical force to make generator generate a revolving speed deviation, investigation model of the present invention include it is equal than speed regulation and
Secondary agent's speed regulating control, to enable the system to keep frequency deviation close to 0；
PmFor generated output power, PrefFor generator reference output power, ωiFor normalized generator speed, R is power generation
The of short duration decline of the set end voltage of generator is without playing Qiang Li machine allows to increase suddenly in load or system voltage declines
Or the time constant shut down, TiTime constant, T are controlled for PItFor Serve Motor Control time constant, P3For in PI control process
Instantaneous difference variable.
6. disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid according to claim 5, which is characterized in that when according to emulation
Between and power grid mixing differential algebraic equations calculation result judge whether terminate emulation, comprising:
Judge whether simulation time T reaches setting total duration Tend, if it is, terminating emulation；If not then continuing；
Judge whether power grid mixing differential algebraic equations calculation result is h < 0, if h < 0, finds out the element number for leading to h < 0
And corresponding protective relaying device number, the element is cut off, and update dynamic power grid system model.
7. disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the emulation number
According to including: time t, generator UiFrequency fui, generator frequency per unit value, generator power, generator potential, bus electricity
Any several group in pressure, bus phase angle, excitation voltage, exciter terminal voltage, pressure regulator power and temperature of electric transmission line
It closes.
8. disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid according to claim 6, which is characterized in that with admittance matrix
YbusJudge whether solution is classified as cycling condition to power grid, including if power grid not off-the-line, continues operation；If grid disconnection returns
Readback takes electric network data step.
9. disaster-ridden kind of coupling grid cascading failure analysis method of power grid according to claim 8, which is characterized in that overall merit electricity
Net operation risk includes: that the trend distribution according to the electric network consecutive failure accident chain, after generating in conjunction with fault chains calculates acquisition
Three grid branch resection rate, network load loss late and grid generation loss late index comprehensives judge power networks risk, institute
Stating trend distribution includes: the power of element conveying and the power of node.
10. a kind of disaster-ridden kind of coupling cascading failure analysis system of power grid, including memory, processor and storage are on a memory
And the computer program that can be run on a processor, which is characterized in that the processor is realized when executing the computer program
In the claims 1 to 9 the step of any the method.
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