CN110068430A - A kind of leakage test method of aerospace composite tank - Google Patents
A kind of leakage test method of aerospace composite tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN110068430A CN110068430A CN201910381996.8A CN201910381996A CN110068430A CN 110068430 A CN110068430 A CN 110068430A CN 201910381996 A CN201910381996 A CN 201910381996A CN 110068430 A CN110068430 A CN 110068430A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/202—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material using mass spectrometer detection systems
- G01M3/205—Accessories or associated equipment; Pump constructions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
- G01M3/22—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
- G01M3/226—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of leakage test methods of aerospace composite tank, vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector are accessed into vacuum line, to exclude influence of the helium ingredient to test result in air, and guarantee that helium mass spectrometer leak detector can collect leakage gas in test process；Vacuum pump to the space between test tank and composite material tank vacuumize until helium mass spectrometer leak detector registration be zero, helium is injected into tank from helium tank；When learning that pressure reaches certain value in tank from pressure gauge, the valve of helium tank is closed, observes and records the numerical value of percolation ratio on helium mass spectrometer leak detector.Leakage test method of the invention, which can be realized, carries out the leakage detection of FCL to composite material tank, has supplied necessary detection method for the high-quality manufacture of composite material tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and technology fields of detection material seepage property to be particularly related to a kind of aerospace composite
The leakage test method of tank.
Background technique
Space launch vehicle as can by the spaces device such as artificial satellite, space station, airship be sent into cosmic space it is important
Flight carrier is the important symbol of a National Airspace scientific and technological level.Future Spacecraft and the development trend of carrier rocket are tools
Standby high carrying capacity, while its manufacturing cost is utmostly reduced, such as inexpensive spacecraft, Reusable launch vehicles, list
Grade, which is entered the orbit, waits spacecrafts, this just needs for the transmitting total weight of spacecraft to be preferably minimized.In order to realize high delivery power, low cost boat
The development of its device it may first have to which solution is exactly the excessive problem of aircraft overall weight.Propellant tank is as carrier rocket
One of chief component, occupy very large space, be main loss of weight component.
The development of low-temperature composite material tank is the key that carry out next-generation space exploration and creation New Launch one
Step.Currently, the aviation vehicle of mainstream attempts weight and production cost that complete machine is reduced using composite material in the world,
Systems in Certain Developed Countries is successfully applied among the manufacture of aerospace craft Cryogenic tank.Traditional low temp fuel tank is big
It is all to be prepared by metal material (such as high strength alumin ium alloy etc.) by welding procedure, but with the height of composite technology
Speed development and the gradually application in aerospace field, the especially composite system of cold cycling good mechanical performance
Constantly research and development, so that becoming the main direction of development of space launch vehicle lighting without liner full composite material Cryogenic tank.It is compound
Material has higher specific strength and specific modulus compared to metal material, while having both excellent anti-fatigue performance.Composite material
Cryogenic tank can be realized loss of weight target 20-40% lower than current aluminium alloy tank, and various advanced used by it
The assembly of components can be greatly reduced in moulding process, greatly enhance production efficiency, shorten the production cycle, reach
The purpose for reducing production cost is arrived.However, due to the cryogenic media (such as liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen) held inside space launch vehicle tank
Small molecule characteristic, material internal is easily penetrated by the manufacturing defect of tank；Meanwhile in order to maintain the liquid of low temp fuel
State, generally there are the pressure of 0.2-0.3MPa in tank, huge pressure difference and long-term alternating hot and cold circulation of bearing inside and outside cabinet are answered
The complex working conditions such as power can make material internal generate micro-crack, and the continuous of micro-crack extends and be connected to and cryogenic media can be caused to leak
The problem of, it finally results in tank and fails and destroy.Therefore, normal, low temperature is carried out to composite material tank and sample before serving to seep
The test of leakage property is very necessary.
Currently, the domestic leakage test method of composite material generallyd use is the pressure difference based on GB/T 1038-2000
Method.The method is suitable for measuring the gas transit dose and gas transmission coefficient of plastic film and thin slice.Utilize plastic film or thin
Piece separates high and low pressure chamber, and the test gas of 0.1MPa is filled with into hyperbaric chamber, with vacuum pump by low pressure after sample is sealed
Air in room is extracted into close to zero.The indoor pressure increment of low pressure is measured using manometer, that is, can determine test gas by height
Pressure chamber is through films/sheets to low-pressure chamber using the time as the gas flow of function.The method can be used for penetrating for most of gas and measure
It is fixed, there is certain universality；But the transit dose of gas needs to carry out subsequent calculation processing, complex steps and can introduce error；
Meanwhile the method can only carry out the measurement of gas transit dose under room temperature, not be related to the test of fluid seepage under low temperature.
Those skilled in the art improves the infiltration for detecting material at normal temperature or low temperature to above-mentioned test method
Performance is leaked, such as discloses one kind application No. is the application for a patent for invention of CN201610810397.X and detects at normal temperature or low temperature
The method and apparatus of material seepage property, this method and device are based on pressure differential method and fluorescence method dual principle, in test sample
Upper surface covering fluoroscopic leak test liquid and the high pressure gas for being passed through specified pressure calculate sample according to the gas pressure change of lower surface
Gas transit dose, and by ultraviolet light sample lower surface observe fluorescence leakage situation, to determine leak location.In addition,
By be mixed with fluorescer and liquid nitrogen to obtain low temperature fluoroscopic leak test liquid, it can be achieved that under low temperature material seepage property detection.
But this method still need by gas pressure change calculate sample gas transit dose, complex steps and not intuitively；Together
When, the low temperature for being only simply covered on specimen surface using mixture prepared low temperature fluoroscopic leak test liquid, therefore obtaining leaks
Testing result also has deviation.
In addition, application No. is the patent applications of CN201811612392.1 to disclose a kind of ring network cabinet SF6 gas tank helium inspection system
System and method are applicable in and carry out dry type leak detection to 10kV ring network cabinet SF6 gas tank.The system includes the vacuum for placing examined workpiece
Case leakage detection apparatus, for vacuum box leak detection device and examined workpiece fill helium and recycle helium helium recyclable device, for pair
The helium mass spectrometer leak detector that examined workpiece is hunted leak and the PLC for controlling helium recyclable device and helium mass spectrometer leak detector.Though the system
So can judge at normal temperature whether examined workpiece is qualified using helium and helium mass spectrometer detector, but the system obviously cannot be used
In the leakage test of space flight low-temperature composite material tank under cryogenic.
Therefore, it is necessary to the seepage properties and preventive and improved measures for large-scale aerospace composite tank FCL for this field
Make research.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of leakage test methods of aerospace composite tank, to solve existing skill
It can not be aiming at the problem that the leakage test of large-scale aerospace composite tank progress FCL in art.
To achieve the above object, described the present invention provides a kind of leakage test method of aerospace composite tank
Test method includes using a kind of leakage system safety testing device of composite material tank, and the test device includes helium tank, vacuum
Pump, helium mass spectrometer leak detector, pressure gauge and the test tank for placing composite material tank, the test tank include tank body and are used for
Seal the top cover of the tank body, the top cover is equipped with helium inlet A and exhaust outlet A, the helium tank by pipeline with it is described
Helium inlet A is connected, and the vacuum pump is connected by vacuum line with the helium mass spectrometer leak detector, and the helium mass spectrometer leak detector is logical
It crosses vacuum line to be connected with the vacuum pumping opening of the tank body, the helium inlet A and exhaust outlet A of the test tank pass through pipe respectively
Road is connected with the helium inlet B of the composite material tank and exhaust outlet B, and the helium inlet B and exhaust outlet B are arranged at institute
It states on the upper lid of composite material tank, the pressure gauge is arranged on the upper lid of the composite material tank multiple for moment monitoring
The pressure of gas in condensation material tank；The leakage system safety testing device further includes the breathable membrane being arranged in the test tank,
The central part of the breathable membrane is provided with for the location hole to the composite material tank located lateral；The composite material
Tank runs through location hole setting up and down, the bottom plate phase of the bottom plate of the composite material tank with or without the test tank
Contact；The test device is for detecting the seepage property of space flight low-temperature composite material tank at normal temperature；
The test method includes that composite material tank to be tested is placed in central part first to be provided with the saturating of location hole
It on air bound plate, is put in test tank, by the helium inlet B and exhaust outlet B on composite material tank respectively and in the test tank
Helium inlet A it is corresponding with exhaust outlet A connection, close the top cover of the test tank；Then by the institute on helium tank and test tank
Helium inlet is stated to be connected to by pipeline；Vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector are opened, first excludes the helium ingredient in air to survey
The influence of test result, vacuumizes the space between the test tank and the composite material tank and helium mass spectrometer leak detector registration
When being zero or being steadily lower than some numerical value, the open state of vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector is kept, test starts；Open helium
Gas cylinder valve injects helium into composite material tank, when learning that pressure reaches certain value in tank, closes the valve of helium tank
Door, stops injecting helium into composite material tank, observes and records the numerical value of percolation ratio on helium mass spectrometer leak detector；It is completed
Afterwards, vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector are closed, exhaust outlet A is opened, the helium inside composite material tank can quickly be discharged.
Preferably, helium bottle valve is opened to inject before helium into composite material tank, it is in the test tank and described
Space between composite material tank is evacuated to -0.05~-0.1MPa.
Preferably, it opens helium bottle valve and injects helium into composite material tank, when learning tank internal pressure from pressure gauge
Power reach gauge pressure be 0.1~0.2MPa when, close the valve of helium tank, stop injecting helium into composite material tank.
Preferably, the breathable membrane is the stainless steel plate with several ventholes, the breathable membrane level and height
Adjustably it is arranged in the test tank.
Preferably, the vacuum pumping opening is arranged on the side wall of the tank body, and the vacuum pumping opening is equipped with quick
Connector, the helium mass spectrometer leak detector are connected by vacuum line with the quick coupling.
Preferably, the front of the tank body is equipped with for monitoring whether state and each instrument numerical value of confirmation in tank normally regard
Window.
Preferably, it is additionally provided on the top cover of the test tank convenient for opening the top cover handle of the test tank, at exhaust outlet A
Equipped with the valve for adjusting capacity size.
Preferably, the test tank is made of low-carbon alloy steel；The upper cover and bottom plate of the composite material tank are by gold
Belong to material to be made, the wall box between the upper cover and bottom plate is made of carbon fiber resin matrix composite.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The leakage test method of aerospace composite tank of the invention first sets composite material tank to be tested
It on the breathable membrane that central part is provided with location hole, is put in test tank, by the helium inlet B and row on composite material tank
Port B respectively with the helium inlet A in test tank is corresponding with exhaust outlet A is connected to, close the top cover of test tank；Vacuum pump is to survey
Space between examination tank and composite material tank vacuumizes, to exclude influence of the helium ingredient to test result in air；By
Helium tank injects helium into composite material tank；By observing the variation of pressure gauge registration, when learning that pressure reaches in tank
When certain value, the valve of helium tank is closed, stops injecting helium into composite material tank, observes and records helium mass spectrometer leak detector
The numerical value of upper percolation ratio can accurately, intuitively reflect the seepage property of composite material tank.The method of the present invention can be realized pair
Large-scale composite material tank carries out the leakage detection of FCL, provides necessary detection for the high-quality manufacture of composite material tank
Method.
Other than objects, features and advantages described above, there are also other objects, features and advantages by the present invention.
Below with reference to figure, the present invention is described in further detail.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the leakage system safety testing device preferred embodiment of composite material tank in the present invention；
Wherein, 2, vacuum pump, 3, vacuum line, 4, helium mass spectrometer leak detector, 5, quick coupling, 6, helium inlet, 8, top
Lid handle, 9, pressure gauge, 10, exhaust outlet, 11, top cover, 12, form, 13, composite material tank, 14, test tank, 15, it is ventilative every
Plate, 16, helium tank, 18, upper cover.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but the present invention can be limited according to claim
Fixed and covering multitude of different ways is implemented.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of leakage test method of aerospace composite tank of the invention, including use a kind of compound
The leakage system safety testing device of material tank, the test device include helium tank 16, vacuum pump 2, helium mass spectrometer leak detector 4, pressure gauge 9
With the test tank 14 for placing composite material tank 13, test tank includes tank body and the top cover 11 for sealed shell of tank, top cover
It is equipped with helium inlet A6 and exhaust outlet A10, helium tank 16 is connected by pipeline with helium inlet A6, and vacuum pump passes through vacuum tube
Road 3 is connected with helium mass spectrometer leak detector, and helium mass spectrometer leak detector is connected by vacuum line 3 with the vacuum pumping opening of tank body, test tank
Helium inlet A6 and exhaust outlet A10 pass through pipeline respectively and be connected with the helium inlet B of composite material tank and exhaust outlet B, helium
Inlet B and exhaust outlet B are arranged in the upper cover 18 of composite material tank, and the upper cover of composite material tank is arranged in pressure gauge
Pressure on 18 for gas in moment monitoring composite material tank；Leaking system safety testing device further includes being arranged in test tank
Breathable membrane 15, the central part of breathable membrane are provided with for the location hole to composite material tank located lateral；Composite material
Tank runs through location hole setting up and down, and the bottom plate of composite material tank is in contact with or without the bottom plate of test tank；Test dress
It sets for detecting the seepage property of space flight low-temperature composite material tank at normal temperature.
Test method includes that composite material tank 13 to be tested is placed in central part first to be provided with the ventilative of location hole
It on partition 15, is put in test tank 14, by the helium inlet B and exhaust outlet B on composite material tank respectively and in test tank
Helium inlet A6 connection corresponding with exhaust outlet A10, closes the top cover 11 of test tank；It then will be on helium tank 16 and test tank
Helium inlet A is connected to by pipeline；Vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector are opened, the helium ingredient first excluded in air ties test
The influence of fruit, vacuumizes the space between test tank and composite material tank and helium mass spectrometer leak detector registration is zero or steadily
When lower than some numerical value, the open state of vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector is kept, test starts；Helium bottle valve is opened to again
Helium is injected in condensation material tank, when learning that pressure reaches certain value in tank from pressure gauge 9, closes the valve of helium tank,
Stop injecting helium into composite material tank, observes and records the numerical value of percolation ratio on helium mass spectrometer leak detector；After being completed,
Vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector are closed, exhaust outlet A10 is opened, the helium inside composite material tank can quickly be discharged.
In the present embodiment, helium bottle valve is opened to inject before helium into composite material tank, it is in test tank and multiple
Space between condensation material tank is evacuated to -0.05~-0.1MPa.Helium bottle valve is opened to inject into composite material tank
Helium closes the valve of helium tank when learning in tank pressure from pressure gauge 9 to reach gauge pressure being 0.1~0.2MPa, stop to
Helium is injected in composite material tank.
In the present embodiment, vacuum pumping opening is arranged on the side wall of tank body, and vacuum pumping opening is equipped with quick coupling 5,
Helium mass spectrometer leak detector is connected by vacuum line 3 with quick coupling.The helium inlet A6 and exhaust outlet A10 of test tank pass through respectively
Pipeline is connected with the helium inlet B of composite material tank and exhaust outlet B, and pressure gauge is arranged on composite material tank, when being used for
Carve the pressure of gas in monitoring composite material tank.Exhaust outlet A arranges the helium inside test tank after being mainly used for room temperature test
Out, guarantee that test pressure inside the tank is in safe range.Preferably, valve can be set at exhaust outlet A, to adjust exhaust outlet
Locate the size of exhaust；Whether the front of tank body is equipped with form 12, normal for monitoring state and each instrument numerical value of confirmation in tank.
In the present embodiment, the breathable membrane 15 being provided in test tank in test tank, the central part setting of breathable membrane
There is location hole.Composite material tank can be smoothly placed in the suitable position in test tank by breathable membrane, in order to operate
And test；The gas permeability design of partition is created to facilitate in vacuum pump work and all vacuumize down space on partition
Overall vacuum environment in test tank.
In the present embodiment, the tank body and top cover of test tank are made of low-carbon alloy steel.The upper cover of composite material tank
It is not composite structure with bottom plate, and typically metal structure, therefore, the upper cover and bottom plate of composite material tank
The low temperature leak at place is all relatively negligible.The present invention leaks in system safety testing device, can be directly by composite material tank
13 are placed on the bottom plate of test tank 14, and the breathable membrane 15 of location hole can also be offered by central part by composite material tank
13 raise, and make the bottom surface of composite material tank 13 far from the bottom plate of test tank 14.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of leakage test method of aerospace composite tank, which is characterized in that the test method includes using one
The leakage system safety testing device of kind composite material tank, the test device include helium tank (16), vacuum pump (2), the inspection of helium mass spectrum
Leak instrument (4), pressure gauge (9) and the test tank (14) for placing composite material tank (13), the test tank include tank body and
For sealing the top cover (11) of the tank body, the top cover is equipped with helium inlet A (6) and exhaust outlet A (10), the helium tank
(16) it is connected by pipeline with the helium inlet A (6), the vacuum pump passes through vacuum line (3) and the helium mass spectrum leak detection
Instrument is connected, and the helium mass spectrometer leak detector is connected by vacuum line (3) with the vacuum pumping opening of the tank body, the test tank
Helium inlet A (6) and exhaust outlet A (10) passes through the helium inlet B and exhaust outlet B phase of pipeline and the composite material tank respectively
Even, the helium inlet B and exhaust outlet B are arranged in the upper cover (18) of the composite material tank, the pressure gauge setting
Pressure in the upper cover (18) of the composite material tank for gas in moment monitoring composite material tank；It is described leakage
Test device further includes the breathable membrane (15) being arranged in the test tank, and the central part of the breathable membrane, which is provided with, to be used for
To the location hole of the composite material tank located lateral；The composite material tank runs through the location hole setting, institute up and down
The bottom plate for stating composite material tank is in contact with or without the bottom plate of the test tank；The test device is for detecting space flight
The seepage property of low-temperature composite material tank at normal temperature；
The test method includes that composite material tank (13) to be tested is placed in central part first to be provided with the saturating of location hole
On air bound plate (15), be put in test tank (14), by the helium inlet B and exhaust outlet B on composite material tank respectively with it is described
Helium inlet A (6) connection corresponding with exhaust outlet A (10) in test tank, closes the top cover (11) of the test tank；Then will
Helium tank (16) is connected to the helium inlet A in test tank by pipeline；Vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector are opened, is first arranged
Except influence of the helium ingredient to test result in air, the space between the test tank and the composite material tank is taken out
Vacuum and helium mass spectrometer leak detector registration be zero or steadily lower than some numerical value when, keep opening for vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector
State is opened, test starts；It opens helium bottle valve and injects helium into composite material tank, when learning tank from pressure gauge (9)
When interior pressure reaches certain value, the valve of helium tank is closed, stops injecting helium into composite material tank, observes and records helium
The numerical value of percolation ratio on mass-spectrometer leak detector；After being completed, vacuum pump and helium mass spectrometer leak detector are closed, is opened exhaust outlet A (10),
The helium inside composite material tank can quickly be discharged.
2. leakage test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that open helium bottle valve and store to composite material
It is injected before helium in case, the space in the test tank between the composite material tank is evacuated to -0.05~-
0.1MPa。
3. leakage test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that open helium bottle valve and store to composite material
Helium is injected in case, when learning in tank pressure from pressure gauge (9) to reach gauge pressure being 0.1~0.2 MPa, closes helium tank
Valve stops injecting helium into composite material tank.
4. leakage test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the breathable membrane (15) is with several
The stainless steel plate of venthole, the breathable membrane is horizontal and height is adjustably arranged in the test tank.
5. leakage test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vacuum pumping opening is arranged in the tank
On the side wall of body, the vacuum pumping opening be equipped with quick coupling (5), the helium mass spectrometer leak detector by vacuum line (3) with
The quick coupling is connected.
6. leakage test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the front of the tank body is equipped with for monitoring
State and each whether normal form (12) of instrument numerical value of confirmation in tank.
7. leakage test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also set on the top cover (11) of the test tank
Have convenient for opening the top cover handle (8) of the test tank, the valve for adjusting capacity size is equipped at exhaust outlet A (10).
8. leakage test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the test tank is by low-carbon alloy steel
At；The upper cover and bottom plate of the composite material tank are made by metal material, between the upper cover and bottom plate
Tank wall box be made of carbon fiber resin matrix composite.
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| CN110595813A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-20 | 凯迈（洛阳）气源有限公司 | Split type Stirling refrigerator inflation and performance test bench |
| CN110927039A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-27 | 大连理工大学 | Device for detecting leakage performance of material in high-low temperature cycle mode and detection method thereof |
| CN112903203A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-04 | 中核能源科技有限公司 | Large-scale container positive pressure helium mass spectrometry detection system and detection method |
| CN113280984A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-20 | 太星电机株式会社 | Copper pipe leakage detection system |
| CN114235298A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-25 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Device and method for testing leakage rate of composite material flange in liquid oxygen temperature environment |
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