CN110065267B

CN110065267B - Deformable material, deformation structure, Micro-LED display device and strain sensor

Info

Publication number: CN110065267B
Application number: CN201910346337.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周俊丽; 李强; 赵亮亮; 李平礼; 张卿彦; 刘阳; 介春利; 刘秀莉; 李砚秋; 付开鹏
Original assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd; Beijing BOE Display Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd; Beijing BOE Display Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-04-26
Filing date: 2019-04-26
Publication date: 2021-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 2039-04-26
Also published as: US20210094260A1; CN110065267A; US11731396B2; WO2020215886A1

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a deformable material, a deformable structure, a Micro-LED display device and a strain sensor, relates to the technical field of flexibility, and can solve the problem that when the deformable structure deforms, the shape before deformation is different from the shape after deformation. The deformable material comprises a plurality of layers of sheet structures, each layer of sheet structure comprises a plurality of aldolases, the aldolases are square in shape, and amino acid residues at four corners of each aldolase are respectively connected with amino acid residues of four aldolases around the aldolase through four disulfide bonds; the amino acid residues of the aldolase located adjacent to the sheet-like structure are linked together by a disulfide bond.

Description

Deformable material, deformation structure, Micro-LED display device and strain sensor

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of flexibility, in particular to a deformable material, a deformable structure, a Micro-LED display device and a strain sensor.

Background

Currently, deformation structures such as flexible displays or strain sensors are used in many products.

Taking a Micro-LED display device in a flexible display device as an example, the main structure of the Micro-LED display device comprises a circuit substrate and a plurality of Micro-LED particles arranged on the circuit substrate. The circuit substrate comprises a flexible substrate and a driving circuit layer arranged on the flexible substrate, and the driving circuit layer is used for driving the Micro-LED particles to emit light. Wherein, the flexible substrate is of a deformation structure.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a deformable material, a deformable structure, a Micro-LED display device and a strain sensor, which can solve the problem that the shape before deformation is different from the shape after deformation when the deformable structure is deformed.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, there is provided a deformable material comprising a plurality of layers of sheet-like structures, each layer of the sheet-like structure comprising a plurality of aldolases having a square shape, wherein amino acid residues at four corners of each aldolase are linked to amino acid residues of four aldolases surrounding the aldolase by four disulfide bonds; the amino acid residues of the aldolase located adjacent to the sheet-like structure are linked together by a disulfide bond.

In a second aspect, a deformable structure is provided, which comprises a first deformable layer, wherein the material of the first deformable layer comprises the deformable material.

In some embodiments, the first shape-changing layer includes a plurality of telescoping structures having an hourglass shape with adjacent sides of adjacent telescoping structures overlapping.

In some embodiments, the shape changing structure further comprises a second shape changing layer, the first shape changing layer being disposed in lamination with the second shape changing layer; the material of the second deformation layer comprises magnetizable particles.

In some embodiments, the magnetizable particles comprise one or more of neodymium iron boron alloy particles, aluminum nickel cobalt alloy particles, iron chromium cobalt alloy particles, samarium cobalt alloy particles, ferrite particles, samarium iron nitrogen particles, and aluminum iron carbon particles.

In some embodiments, the material of the second deformation layer further comprises a silicone resin, a silicon-containing catalyst, a crosslinking agent, and nano-sized silica particles.

In a third aspect, a Micro-LED display device is provided, comprising a circuit substrate and a plurality of Micro-LED particles disposed on the circuit substrate; the circuit substrate comprises a flexible substrate and a driving circuit layer arranged on the flexible substrate; the flexible substrate comprises the deformation structure; alternatively, the flexible substrate comprises a third deformable layer of a material comprising magnetizable particles or two-dimensional Ag₂S。

In some embodiments, where the flexible substrate comprises the third deformation layer, the material of the third deformation layer comprises magnetizable particles, the magnetizable particles comprise one or more of neodymium iron boron alloy particles, aluminum nickel cobalt alloy particles, iron chromium cobalt alloy particles, samarium cobalt alloy particles, ferrite particles, samarium iron nitrogen particles, and aluminum iron carbon particles.

In some embodiments, the material of the third deformation layer further comprises a silicone resin, a silicon-containing catalyst, a crosslinker, and nano-sized silica particles.

In a fourth aspect, a strain sensor is provided, the strain sensor comprising a strain sensing element configured to deform when subjected to a force; wherein the strain sensing element comprises the deformation structure; or, the strain sensing elementThe member comprises a third deformable layer of a material comprising magnetizable particles or two-dimensional Ag₂S。

In some embodiments, where the strain sensing element comprises a third deformation layer comprising a material comprising magnetizable particles, the magnetizable particles comprise one or more of neodymium iron boron alloy particles, aluminum nickel cobalt alloy particles, iron chromium cobalt alloy particles, samarium cobalt alloy particles, ferrite particles, samarium iron nitrogen particles, and aluminum iron carbon particles.

The embodiment of the invention provides a deformable material, a deformation structure, a Micro-LED display device and a strain sensor. When the deformable material is compressed in a direction parallel or approximately parallel to the sheet-like structures, the shape of the deformable material after compression is the same as the shape before compression, since the shape of each sheet-like structure after compression is the same as the shape before compression. That is, in a direction parallel or approximately parallel to the sheet-like structure, whether stretching or compressing the deformable material, the deformable material becomes deformed proportionally in any direction parallel to the plane of the sheet-like structure.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a deformable material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1b is a schematic structural diagram of a sheet structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1c is a first schematic structural diagram illustrating a plurality of sheet-like structures connected together in a deformable material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 1d is a schematic structural diagram of a plurality of connected sheet-like structures in a deformable material according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of the sheet structure of FIG. 1b after stretching;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the compressed sheet structure of FIG. 1 b;

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a plurality of aldolases provided in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 5 is a first schematic structural diagram of a deformation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6a is a schematic view of a deformed structure in the transverse direction in the related art;

FIG. 6b is a schematic view of the deformed configuration shown in FIG. 6a after being transversely stretched;

FIG. 7a is a schematic view illustrating lateral compression of a deformed structure in the related art;

FIG. 7b is a schematic view of a deformed structure in the related art after transverse compression;

fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a deformation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram three of a deformation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10a is a schematic structural diagram of a sliver provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10b is a schematic view of the structure of the sliver shown in FIG. 10a after a magnetic field is applied to the sliver;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a printing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a graph of shear rate versus apparent viscosity provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a graph of shear stress versus Young's modulus provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a graph of stress versus nominal stress according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a graph of volume fraction of magnetizable particles in relation to magnetization, one example of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a graph of applied magnetic field strength versus magnetization according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17a is a graph of nozzle diameter versus magnetization according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17b is a graph of volume fraction of magnetizable particles plotted against magnetization, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a Micro-LED display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19 shows Ag according to an embodiment of the present invention₂A crystal structure schematic diagram of S in xy, yz and xz directions;

FIG. 20 shows an example of Ag according to the present invention₂A schematic view of a local crystal structure of S;

FIG. 21a is a schematic diagram of a related art Micro-LED display device being stretched in a transverse direction;

FIG. 21b is a schematic view of the Micro-LED display device of FIG. 21a after being stretched in the transverse direction;

FIG. 22a is a schematic illustration of lateral compression of a related art Micro-LED display device;

FIG. 22b is a schematic view of the Micro-LED display device of FIG. 22a after lateral compression.

Reference numerals:

01-Micro-LED display device; 1-a circuit substrate; 2-Micro-LED particles; 10-a deformation structure; 101-aldolase; 102-disulfide bond; 103-a sheet-like structure; 11-a flexible substrate; 12-a drive circuit layer; 20-a first deformation layer; 201-telescoping structure; 30-a second deformation layer; 301-thin strips; 100-a printing device; 200-a nozzle; 300-filaments; 400-magnetic shielding means.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the invention provides a deformable material, as shown in FIG. 1a, comprising a multi-layer sheet-like structure 103, as shown in FIG. 1b, wherein each layer of sheet-like structure 103 comprises a plurality of aldolases 101, the aldolase 101 has a square shape, and the amino acid residues at the four corners of each aldolase 101 are respectively connected with the amino acid residues of the four aldolases 101 around the aldolase through four disulfide bonds 102. As shown in FIGS. 1c and 1d, the amino acid residues of aldolase 101 located in adjacent sheet-like structures 103 are linked together by disulfide bonds 102.

Fig. 1a illustrates an example of the deformable material comprising a four-layer sheet structure 103, and fig. 1c and 1d illustrate an example of the deformable material comprising a three-layer sheet structure 103. It should be understood that the deformable material includes, but is not limited to, a four-ply sheet structure 103 or a three-ply sheet structure 103.

As shown in FIG. 1b, in a two-dimensional plane, the amino acid residues at the four corners of each aldolase 101 are linked to the amino acid residues of the four aldolases 101 around the aldolase by four disulfide bonds 102, so that the disulfide bonds 102 can link a plurality of square aldolases 101 together to form a 2-dimensional sheet-like structure 103, and as shown in FIG. 1a, a plurality of 2-dimensional sheet-like structures 103 are stacked together to form a deformable material.

Since the amino acid residues of aldolase 101 located in adjacent sheet structures 103 are linked together by disulfide bonds 102, the disulfide bonds 102 can link together a plurality of sheet structures 103. Here, it may be that adjacent sheet structures 103 are linked by one disulfide bond 102, the one disulfide bond 102 being linked to amino acid residues of the aldolase 101 in the adjacent sheet structures 103, respectively; it is also possible that adjacent sheet structures 103 are linked by a plurality of disulfide bonds 102, each disulfide bond 102 being linked to an amino acid residue of the aldolase 101 in the adjacent sheet structure 103, respectively. In the case where adjacent sheet structures 103 are linked by a plurality of disulfide bonds 102, for two adjacent aldolases 101 located in adjacent sheet structures 103, it may be that the amino acid residues of the two adjacent aldolases 101 are linked by one disulfide bond 102; alternatively, as shown in FIG. 1d, the amino acid residues of two adjacent aldolases 101 are linked by two or three disulfide bonds 102; it is of course also possible that the amino acid residues of the two adjacent aldolases 101 are linked by four disulfide bonds 102, as shown in FIG. 1 c.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that disulfide bonds 102 are linked to amino acid residues of aldolases 101, if one corner of one aldolase 101 is linked to an adjacent aldolase 101, then that corner has one amino acid residue; if a corner of one aldolase 101 is linked to two aldolases 101 that are adjacent, then the corner has two amino acid residues; if one corner of one aldolase 101 is linked to three aldolases 101 that are adjacent, then the corner has three amino acid residues.

Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 1c, for one aldolase 101, there are three amino acid residues at each corner. Wherein one amino acid residue is linked to an amino acid residue of an aldolase 101 adjacent thereto via a disulfide bond 102 and in the same sheet-like structure 103 as shown in FIG. 1 c. One amino acid residue is linked to the adjacent amino acid residue of aldolase 101 above it by a disulfide bond. One amino acid residue is linked to the next amino acid residue of aldolase 101 below it by a disulfide bond. That is, each corner of aldolase 101 is linked to aldolase located in the same sheet-like structure 103, aldolase above it, and aldolase below it, respectively, by three disulfide bonds 102. Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 1c, for one corner p of an aldolase, the adjacent aldolase is linked by a disulfide bond a and the aldolase is located in the same sheet-like structure 103, and the adjacent aldolase is linked by a disulfide bond b and the adjacent aldolase above it, and the adjacent aldolase below it is linked by a disulfide bond c.

Here, the method of preparing the deformable material is not limited. In some embodiments, cysteines are introduced at the four corners by chemical modification of the amino acid residues of the square aldolase 101. Then, cysteine is oxidized by an oxidizing agent (Oxidation) to form a disulfide bond 102 by Oxidation, and the disulfide bond 102 links a plurality of square aldolases 101 together as shown in FIG. 1 b. Among them, disulfide bonds are relatively stable covalent bonds.

Disulfide bonds 102 link together multiple square aldolases 101 for the same sheet 103. Due to the existence of the disulfide bonds 102, amino acid residues which are originally randomly arranged on the same disulfide bond 102 or different disulfide bonds 102 are close together and become more ordered, so that when the whole sheet-shaped structure 103 is deformed, the disulfide bonds can be folded or stretched quickly to form a stable spatial structure.

The deformable material comprises a plurality of stacked 2-dimensional sheet structures 103, and it will be described in detail below that when one sheet structure 103 is deformed, the sheet structure 103 changes microscopically, and when the other sheet structures 103 are deformed, the microscopically changed sheet structure 103 is the same as the microscopically changed sheet structure 103 when the sheet structure 103 is deformed.

Fig. 1b illustrates the microstructure of the sheet-like structure 103 when no deformation occurs, i.e. when the sheet-like structure 103 is not under stress. Fig. 2 illustrates the microstructure of the sheet-like structure 103 in a stretched state of the sheet-like structure 103. Fig. 3 illustrates the microstructure of the sheet-like structure 103 in a compressed state of the sheet-like structure 103.

Referring to FIG. 2, when the sheet-like structure 103 is stretched, aldolases 101 rotate, and pores between adjacent aldolases 101 are opened, and since the aldolases 101 are square, the sheet-like structure 103 increases at the same rate in any direction of its two-dimensional plane, and thus the shape of the sheet-like structure 103 after stretching is the same as the shape before stretching. In the case where the sheet-like structure 103 is rectangular, the sheet-like structure 103 has the same ratio of longitudinal to transverse after stretching as that before stretching. Referring to FIG. 3, when the sheet-like structure 103 is compressed, the aldolases 101 rotate, the pores between adjacent aldolases 101 are closed, and since the aldolases 101 are square, the sheet-like structure 103 is reduced at the same ratio in any direction of its two-dimensional plane, and thus the shape of the sheet-like structure 103 after compression is the same as the shape before compression. Based on the above, the sheet-like structure 103 is deformed in equal proportion in any direction of the two-dimensional plane, whether in tension or compression. That is, the shape of the sheet-like structure 103 before deformation and the shape after deformation are the same regardless of whether it is stretched or compressed.

Here, in any of the sheet-like structures 103, since a plurality of aldolases 101 are linked together by disulfide bonds 102, the sheet-like structure 103 is not disturbed when the aldolase 101 rotates.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when the poisson's ratio of a material is negative, for example, -1, the material deforms proportionally in any direction in the two-dimensional plane, i.e. the shape before deformation is the same as the shape after deformation. The poisson ratio of the sheet-like structure 103 is evaluated by digital image processing of a two-dimensional TEM (Transmission electron microscope) image reconstructed from a dynamic aldolase crystal by a matrix experiment. The squares of aldolase 101 are indicated by circles in FIG. 4. As shown in fig. 4, the sheet structure 103 is gradually compressed to obtain conformational states i, II, iii, iv, v, vi, and vii. As can be seen in FIG. 4, from conformational state I to conformational state VII, the aldolase 101 is not of the same size and the aldolase pore 101a gradually decreases. The equivalent Volume Element (RVE) a in fig. 4 has a rectangular cross-section with its vertex corresponding to the center of mass of the aldolase lattice pore 101a, and the boundaries of the lattice pore are determined using the lock bell edge detection method. Then, taking the mean value of x and y coordinates of each pixel (namely equivalent volume element) on the boundary to carry out centroid calculation. After selecting the equivalent volume elements, the size of the aldolase cut on each image was measured by defining the aldolase boundary for each square. Since the square shape of the aldolase building block can be assumed to remain rigid in each conformational state, it determines that the image dimensions are slightly different, and therefore the appropriate magnification factor is calculated with reference to the image corresponding to conformational state I. The position of the vertices of the equivalent volume elements in each conformational state is then calculated. From the reference RVEs (conformational state I) and the deformed configurations (conformational states II-VII), local tensile values ex and ey for each RVE can be calculated from the vectors M, N and N, M. The results of calculation of the tensile values ex and ey of conformational state i, conformational state II, conformational state iii, conformational state iv, conformational state v, conformational state vi, and conformational state vii are shown in table 1 below.

TABLE 1

State	ex(nm)	ey(nm)	Poisson ratio
				Ⅰ	4.4	4.4	-1
Ⅱ	4.2	4.2	-1
				Ⅲ	3.9	3.895	-0.999
Ⅳ	3.5	3.5	-1
				Ⅴ	2.9	2.904	-1.001
Ⅵ	1.8	1.802	-1.001
				Ⅶ	1	1.001	-1.001

According to the formula of Poisson's ratio

The poisson ratios of conformational state i, conformational state II, conformational state iii, conformational state iv, conformational state v, conformational state vi, and conformational state vii were calculated, and the calculation results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the Poisson ratios of conformational state I, conformational state II, conformational state III, conformational state IV, conformational state V, conformational state VI and conformational state VII are-1 or about-1. As can be seen from the above calculation, since the poisson's ratio of the sheet-like structure 103 is negative, the sheet-like structure 103 deforms in an equal proportion in any direction of the two-dimensional plane, that is, the shape before deformation is the same as the shape after deformation.

Based on the above, since the deformable material includes the multi-layer sheet structure 103, when the deformable material is stretched in a direction parallel or approximately parallel to the sheet structure 103, since the shape of each sheet structure 103 after stretching is the same as the shape before stretching, the shape of the deformable material after stretching is the same as the shape before stretching. When the deformable material is compressed in a direction parallel or approximately parallel to the sheet-like structures 103, the shape of the deformable material after compression is the same as the shape before compression, since the shape of each sheet-like structure 103 after compression is the same as the shape before compression. That is, in a direction parallel or approximately parallel to the sheet-like structure 103, whether stretching or compressing the deformable material, the deformable material deforms proportionally in any direction parallel to the plane of the sheet-like structure 103.

The deformable structure 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided, as shown in fig. 5, the deformable structure 10 includes a first deformable layer 20, and the material of the first deformable layer 20 includes the deformable material.

Here, the thickness of the first deformation layer 20 is not limited, and may be set accordingly as needed.

In addition, the thickness direction of the first deformable layer 20 is the same as the lamination direction of the multi-layered sheet structure 103 in the deformable material.

When the deformed structure 10 in the related art is deformed, the longitudinal and lateral ratio of the surface of the deformed structure 10 perpendicular to the thickness thereof is changed. If the deformed structure 10 is stretched in the transverse direction as shown in fig. 6a, it is compressed in the longitudinal direction as shown in fig. 6 b. Referring to fig. 6a and 6b, after stretching in the transverse direction, the transverse dimension of the deformed configuration 10 is increased from x to x + Δ x and the longitudinal dimension is decreased from y to y'. If the deformed structure 10 is compressed in the transverse direction as shown in fig. 7a, it is stretched in the longitudinal direction as shown in fig. 7 b. Referring to fig. 7a and 7b, after compression in the transverse direction, the transverse dimension of the deformed configuration 10 decreases from x to x' and the longitudinal dimension increases from y to y + Δ y. Similarly, if the deformed structure 10 is stretched in the longitudinal direction, it is compressed in the transverse direction. If the deformed structure 10 is compressed in the longitudinal direction, it is stretched in the transverse direction.

The deformation structure 10 provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the first deformation layer 20, the material of the first deformation layer 20 includes the above-mentioned deformable material, and since the shape of the deformable material before deformation and the shape of the deformable material after deformation are the same, when the first deformation layer 20 deforms, the shape of the surface of the first deformation layer 20 perpendicular to the thickness of the first deformation layer 20 before deformation and the shape of the surface after deformation are the same, that is, the surface of the first deformation layer 20 perpendicular to the thickness of the first deformation layer 20 deforms in an equal proportion in any direction, so that the shape of the deformation structure 10 perpendicular to the thickness of the first deformation layer 20 before deformation and the shape of the deformation structure 10 after deformation are the same, that is, the surface of the deformation structure 10 perpendicular to the thickness of the first deformation layer 20 deforms in an equal proportion in any direction.

For example, if the first deformation layer 20 has a rectangular shape, the vertical-horizontal ratio of the surface of the first deformation layer 20 perpendicular to the thickness of the first deformation layer 20 before deformation is the same as the vertical-horizontal ratio after deformation.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 8, first deformable layer 20 includes a plurality of telescoping structures 201, telescoping structures 201 having an hourglass shape, and adjacent sides of adjacent telescoping structures 201 overlapping.

Referring to fig. 8, since the bellows structures 201 are hourglass-shaped, each bellows structure 201 includes opposing upper and lower sides 201a, 201b, and further includes upper left and

lower sides

201c, 201d, 201e, and 201 f.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the first deformation layer 20 comprises a plurality of telescopic structures 201, the telescopic structures 201 are hourglass-shaped, and the adjacent edges of the adjacent telescopic structures 201 are overlapped, so that the deformation of the first deformation layer 20 is facilitated.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 9, the deformable structure 10 further includes a second deformable layer 30, and the first deformable layer 20 is stacked with the second deformable layer 30; the material of the second deformation layer 30 comprises magnetizable particles.

In some embodiments, the first and second

deformable layers

20, 30 may be bonded together using a lamination process.

Here, the shape of the second deformation layer 30 is not limited, and may be designed to be any shape as needed.

The size of the magnetizable particles is not limited, and in some embodiments, the magnetizable particles have a size of 3 to 6 μm. Illustratively, the magnetizable particles have a size of 5 μm.

Wherein, the type of the magnetizable particles is not limited, and the magnetizable particles include one or more of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) alloy particles, aluminum nickel cobalt (AlNiCo) alloy particles, iron chromium cobalt (FeCrCo) alloy particles, samarium cobalt (SmCo) alloy particles, ferrite particles, samarium iron nitrogen particles, and aluminum iron carbon particles.

When an external magnetic field is applied to the second deformation layer 30, the second deformation layer 30 may deform under the action of the external magnetic field because the second deformation layer 30 includes magnetizable particles, and the magnetizable particles may generate torque and thus stress under the action of the magnetic field. If the magnetic field is controlled to deform the second deformation layer 30 in a plane parallel to the second deformation layer 30, the shape of the surface of the second deformation layer 30 perpendicular to the thickness of the second deformation layer 30 before deformation is the same as the shape after deformation, i.e., the surface of the second deformation layer 30 perpendicular to the thickness of the second deformation layer 30 is deformed in an equal proportion in any direction.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the second deformation layer 30 is deformed when an external magnetic field is applied, and the second deformation layer 30 restores its original shape after the external magnetic field is removed. It is verified experimentally that, as shown in fig. 10a, a linear thin strip 301 is first produced by a printing method, and the direction of the applied magnetic field is switched during printing, the material of the linear thin strip 301 including magnetizable particles. When a uniform magnetic field B of 200mT is applied, the linear thin strip 301 is converted into an "m" shape within 0.1s, as shown in FIG. 10B. After removal of the applied magnetic field within 0.2s, the strip 301 quickly returns to its original shape. From the experimental results, it is known that the second deformation layer 30 is deformed when the external magnetic field is applied, and the second deformation layer 30 is restored to the original shape after the external magnetic field is removed.

In the embodiment of the present invention, since the second deformation layer 30 is stacked with the first deformation layer 20, the second deformation layer 30 may be deformed to be increased or decreased by the external magnetic field, and simultaneously, the first deformation layer 20 may be driven to be deformed to be increased or decreased. In this way, the first deformation layer 20 can be deformed without human contact with the first deformation layer 20, thereby avoiding the damage of the first deformation layer 20 caused by uneven stress caused by artificially stretching or compressing the first deformation layer 20. Furthermore, the deformation of the second deformation layer 30, and thus the first deformation layer 20, may be remotely controlled.

On this basis, the material of the second deformation layer 30 further includes a silicone resin, a silicon-containing catalyst, a crosslinking agent, and nano-sized silica particles.

The role of the nano-sized silica particles is, among other things, to act as a rheological agent to induce the material of the second deformation layer 30 to write desired mechanical properties, such as shear rate and shear stress. The size of the nano-sized silica particles is not limited, and in some embodiments, the size of the silica particles is in the range of 10 to 30 nm. Illustratively, the silica particles are 30nm in size.

Here, the silicone resin may be, for example, a silicone rubber substrate.

Further, the silicon-containing catalyst may be, for example, a silicone gel catalyst. The silicon-containing catalyst functions to allow the material of the second deformation layer 30 to have good retainability, not to be drawn, not to sag in elevation, to adjust the viscosity of the material of the second deformation layer 30, and to control the generation of bubbles.

Based on the above, there is no limitation on how the second deformation layer 30 is formed, and in some embodiments, the second deformation layer 30 may be formed using a 3D printing method.

In some embodiments, the second deformation layer 30 is formed using a method of 3D printing with the application of a magnetic field. Under the condition of applying the magnetic field, the second deformation layer 30 is manufactured by improving the properties of the second deformation layer 30, such as apparent viscosity, young's modulus, shear modulus and the like, so that the second deformation layer 30 with better properties can be manufactured. The following was verified by experiments.

As shown in fig. 11, the second deformation layer having a width of 12 mm and a length of 35 mm was printed with the printing apparatus 100 with and without applying a magnetic field, respectively. Here, as shown in fig. 11, a magnetic field may be applied using a permanent magnet, the magnetic field surrounding the nozzle 200 (the dotted line in fig. 11 indicates the magnetic field), the magnetic field strength may be 50mT, and the nozzle 200 is a conical nozzle having a diameter of 840 μm. After curing, the second deformation layer in sheet form was cut into test pieces of standard size (width 4 mm, length 17 mm) for tensile testing. Further, the tensile test may be performed by printing a sample of a standard size (4 mm in width and 17 mm in length) with the printing apparatus 100 with and without applying a magnetic field. Wherein the volume fraction of the magnetizable particles in the second deformation layer 20 is 20%. The printing apparatus 100 is then used to print a contrast member, the size of which is the standard size, and the material of the contrast member includes other materials except the magnetizable particles in the material of the second deformation layer.

The mechanical properties of the two samples described above, as well as the comparative sample, were tested using a rotational rheometer.

Referring to fig. 12, the Shear rate (Shear rate) is shown on the abscissa and the Apparent viscosity (Apparent viscosity) is shown on the ordinate, and curve E in fig. 12 is a plot of Shear rate versus Apparent viscosity for a sample formed upon application of a magnetic field; curve F is a plot of shear rate versus apparent viscosity for the sample formed in the absence of an applied magnetic field; curve G represents the shear rate versus apparent viscosity for the comparative example. As can be seen from fig. 12, the printed sample had a greater apparent viscosity with the application of the magnetic field.

Referring to fig. 13, the abscissa represents Shear stress (Shear stress), the ordinate represents young's modulus (storage modulus), also called storage modulus, and curve H in fig. 13 is a graph of the Shear stress versus young's modulus of the sample formed when a magnetic field is applied; curve I is a graph of the relationship between the shear stress and young's modulus of the sample formed without applying a magnetic field; curve J represents the shear stress versus Young's modulus for the comparative examples. As can be seen from fig. 13, the printed sample has a higher young's modulus with the magnetic field applied.

Referring to fig. 14, the abscissa represents stress (Stretch), the ordinate represents Nominal stress (Nominal stress), and the slope of the straight line represents shear modulus. In fig. 14, a curve a is a graph of stress versus nominal stress of the sample formed when the magnetic field is applied, and a curve a is a graph of stress versus nominal stress obtained by fitting the experimental curve a to the neo-Hookean model, from which the shear modulus μ of the sample formed when the magnetic field is applied can be obtained. Curve B is a graph of stress versus nominal stress for the sample formed without the application of a magnetic field, and curve B is a graph of stress versus nominal stress obtained by fitting the experimental curve B to the neo-Hookean model, from which the shear modulus μ of the sample formed without the application of a magnetic field can be obtained. Curve C is a stress-nominal stress relationship of the comparative member, and curve C is a stress-nominal stress relationship obtained by fitting the experimental curve C to the neo-Hookean model, from which the shear modulus μ of the comparative member can be obtained. As can be seen from fig. 14, the printed sample has a higher shear modulus with the application of the magnetic field. This is because the magnetisable particles are field induced to orient along the filament 300 when a magnetic field is applied during printing, and the printed sample has a higher shear modulus with the application of the magnetic field.

Based on the above, in the case of applying the magnetic field, printing the second deformation layer 30 is beneficial to improving the properties of the second deformation layer 30, such as apparent viscosity, young's modulus, shear modulus, etc., so as to be beneficial to manufacturing the second deformation layer 30 with better quality, and ensure better properties of the second deformation layer 30. Thus, when the second deformation layer 30 is deformed, the deformation response time of the second deformation layer 30 can be improved.

During printing, a magnetic field is applied (or applied in reverse) in the flow direction of the material of the second deformation layer 30 by a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil placed around the head. The applied magnetic field causes the magnetized magnetizable particles to be reoriented in the direction of the magnetic field, and the magnetic polarity of the material depositing the second deformation layer 30 can be adjusted by changing the direction of application or by changing the direction of printing. With this approach, three-dimensional structures can be encoded into complex ferromagnetic domain patterns, depending on the magnetic polarity of the filaments arranged in the three-dimensional structure. To avoid interference with the programmed area of the printed structure by an applied magnetic field at the nozzle, a magnetic shielding device 400 may be used to attenuate the magnetic flux density under the nozzle tip and the presence of nozzle stress, as shown in FIG. 11, in favor of the programmed ferromagnetic domains remaining unaffected by thermal randomization of the oriented particles. When the printing process is completed, the printed structure is cured at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, during which the presence of yield stress in the material of the uncured second deformation layer 30 can keep the ferromagnetic domain particles of the programmed region aligned in the printed morphology, unaffected by temperature.

On this basis, the amount of magnetizable particles, the strength of the applied magnetic field, the diameter of the nozzle 200, etc. all have an effect on the magnetization of the second deformation layer 30 when the second deformation layer 30 is printed. The larger the magnetization of the second deformation layer 30, the larger the magnetic moment per unit density of the second deformation layer 30 after magnetization. The magnetic moment reflects the ability of the second deformation layer 30 to be magnetized, the greater the magnetic moment, the easier the second deformation layer 30 is magnetized, and the easier the second deformation layer 30 is deformed.

The influence of the content of magnetizable particles, the intensity of the applied magnetic field and the diameter of the nozzle 200 on the magnetization of the second deformation layer 30 is verified by experiments below.

Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 15, the nozzle 200 having a diameter of 410 μm is used to print a material of the second deformation layer 30 containing a different volume fraction of magnetizable particles, with an applied magnetic field strength of 500mT applied by the tip of the nozzle 200. Referring to FIG. 15, the volume fraction of the magnetizable particles varies approximately linearly with the magnetization, and when the volume fraction of the magnetizable particles increases from 5% to 20%, the magnetization of the second deformation layer 30 increases from 16kA m^-1Increased to 81kA m^-1。

The magnetization of the formed second deformation layer 30 was tested by increasing the strength of the externally applied magnetic field at the tip of the nozzle 200 from 20mT to 50mT with a nozzle 200 diameter of 410 μm at a volume fraction of magnetizable particles of 20%. As can be seen from FIG. 16, the intensity of the applied magnetic field increases from 20mT to 50mT, and the intensity of the magnetic field of the second deformation layer 30 increases from 68kA m^-1Increased to 81kA m^-1。

Furthermore, when very fine nozzles (e.g., 50 μm or 100 μm in diameter) are used, the fiber diameter (i.e., filament 300 diameter) is larger than the nozzle 200 diameter due to die swell effects and the externally applied magnetic field is small. As shown in fig. 17a, the magnetization is only 5kA/m in the absence of an external magnetic field, because the magnetizable particles are randomly oriented. The magnetization of the formed second deformation layer 30 is tested against the diameter of the nozzle 200 at a 20 volume percent magnetizable particles with an applied magnetic field strength B of 50 mT. As shown in FIG. 17a, when the diameter of the nozzle 200 is smaller than 600 μm, the diameter of the nozzle 200 increases and the magnetization increases; when the diameter of the nozzle 200 is larger than 600 μm and smaller than 850 μm, the diameter of the nozzle 200 increases and the magnetization decreases; when the diameter of the nozzle 200 is larger than 850 μm, the diameter of the nozzle 200 increases and the magnetization increases. When the nozzle diameter is larger than 200 μm, the ratio between the fiber diameter and the nozzle diameter is reduced to almost 1.

Based on the above, in manufacturing the second deformation layer 30, the magnetization of the second deformation layer 30 may be formed as high as possible by adjusting the content of the magnetizable particles, the intensity of the external magnetic field, the diameter of the nozzle 200, and the like, to ensure that the second deformation layer 30 is more easily deformed by the magnetic field.

On the basis of this, the material of the second deformation layer 30 can be prepared by first mixing unmagnetized magnetizable particles such as neodymium iron boron particles, nano-sized silica particles, uncured silicone resin, silicon-containing catalyst, and cross-linking agent, and then magnetizing to saturation under a pulsed field (about 2.7T). The presence of a yield stress in the material of the second deformable layer 30 helps to prevent aggregation of the dispersed magnetizable particles.

As shown in fig. 17b, 1 indicates that the plurality of second deformation layers 30 are printed without an applied magnetic field, the volume fractions of the magnetizable particles in the plurality of second deformation layers 30 are different, and then they are magnetized under a pulse field (about 2.7T). 2 denotes printing the plurality of second deformation layers 30 with an applied magnetic field of 50mT (the magnetic flux density of the nozzle 200 is 50mT), the volume fraction of the magnetizable particles in the plurality of second deformation layers 30 being different. The magnetization of the plurality of second deformation layers 30 is tested, and the test result is shown in fig. 17 b. As can be seen from fig. 17b, when the volume fraction of the magnetized fine particles is the same, the magnetization of 2 is about 63% to 64% of the magnetization of 1. According to the susceptibility formula, the magnetic susceptibility is the magnetization/field strength, so the magnetic susceptibility of the printed sample is high under the application of an applied magnetic field of 50 mT. A high magnetic susceptibility indicates a strong ability of the material to be magnetized, and thus the magnetic susceptibility of the formed second deformation layer 30 is higher with the applied magnetic field than with the second deformation layer 30 formed without the applied magnetic field and then the second deformation layer 30 is magnetized.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a Micro-LED display device 01, and as shown in fig. 18, the Micro-LED display device 01 includes a circuit substrate 1 and a plurality of Micro-LED particles 2 disposed on the circuit substrate 1. The circuit substrate 1 comprises a flexible substrate 11 and a driving circuit layer 12 arranged on the flexible substrate 11, wherein the driving circuit layer 12 is used for driving the Micro-LED particles 2 to emit light.

Wherein, the flexible substrate 11 is the above deformation structure 10; alternatively, the flexible substrate 11 comprises a third deformable layer of a material comprising magnetizable particles or two-dimensional Ag₂S。

Here, in the case where the flexible substrate 11 includes the third deformation layer whose material includes magnetizable particles, as can be seen with reference to the second deformation layer 20 described above, the third deformation layer is deformed by an external magnetic field, and if the magnetic field is controlled to deform the third deformation layer in a plane parallel to the third deformation layer, the shape of the surface of the third deformation layer perpendicular to the thickness of the third deformation layer before deformation is the same as the shape after deformation, that is, the surface of the third deformation layer perpendicular to the thickness of the third deformation layer is deformed in an equal proportion in any direction.

Ag₂The crystal structure of S is shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, and a in FIG. 19 is Ag₂Crystal structure of S in xy direction, b is Ag in FIG. 19₂Crystal structure of S in yz direction, c is Ag in FIG. 19₂Crystal structure of S in the xz direction. FIG. 20 shows Ag₂Local crystal structure of the crystal structure of S. The crystal structure in the xy direction of fig. 20 is shown by the S portion (region surrounded by a dashed line frame) of a in fig. 19. Ag₂The crystal structure of S can be seen as a layered structure in which the zigzag layers are connected by Ag — S bonds. Ag₂S is according to a zigzag layer configuration in the bulk structure. Ag₂The unit cell of S contains two S atoms and four Ag atoms and is characterized by an orthorhombic lattice with lattice constants a and b of 6.53 and

the structure can be thought of as a network consisting of two zigzag chains of Ag-S atoms, one with a length in the x-directionA large buckle and another with a small buckle in the y-direction. The angle α of Ag-S-Ag in the x-direction was 85.57 ° and the angle β in the y-direction was 148.55 °.

The flexible substrate 11 comprises a third deformation layer, and the material of the third deformation layer comprises two-dimensional Ag₂In the case of S, due to two-dimensional Ag₂S is a special zigzag snap structure so that when the third deformable layer is stretched or compressed in a plane parallel to the third deformable layer, the shape of the surface of the third deformable layer perpendicular to the thickness of the third deformable layer before deformation is the same as the shape after deformation, i.e., the surface of the third deformable layer perpendicular to the thickness of the third deformable layer is deformed in equal proportion in any direction.

When the flexible substrate 11 in the related art is deformed, the lateral-longitudinal ratio of the surface of the flexible substrate 11 perpendicular to the thickness thereof is changed. If the flexible substrate 11 is stretched in the lateral direction as shown in fig. 21a, the flexible substrate 11 is compressed in the longitudinal direction as shown in fig. 21b, and thus the screen displayed by the Micro-LED display device is stretched in the lateral direction and compressed in the longitudinal direction. As shown in fig. 22 a. If the flexible substrate 11 is compressed in the transverse direction, as shown in fig. 22b, the flexible substrate 11 is stretched in the longitudinal direction, so that the Micro-LED display device displays a picture compressed in the transverse direction and stretched in the longitudinal direction. Similarly, if the flexible substrate 11 is stretched in the longitudinal direction, the flexible substrate 11 is compressed in the transverse direction, and thus, the Micro-LED display device displays a screen that is stretched in the longitudinal direction and compressed in the transverse direction. If the flexible substrate 11 is compressed in the longitudinal direction, the flexible substrate 11 is stretched in the transverse direction, so that the Micro-LED display device displays a picture compressed in the longitudinal direction and stretched in the transverse direction. When the flexible substrate 11 in the related art deforms, the lateral-longitudinal ratio of the surface perpendicular to the thickness of the flexible substrate 11 changes, so that the picture ratio displayed by the Micro-LED display device changes, and the quality of the picture displayed by the display device is affected.

The embodiment of the invention provides a Micro-LED display device 01, wherein a flexible substrate 11 in the Micro-LED display device 01 is the deformation structure 10;alternatively, the flexible substrate 11 comprises a third deformable layer of a material comprising magnetizable particles or two-dimensional Ag₂S, since the shape before deformation and the shape after deformation are the same when the deformation structure 10 and the third deformation layer are deformed, when the flexible substrate 11 is stressed, the shape before deformation and the shape after deformation of the surface perpendicular to the thickness of the flexible substrate 11 in the flexible substrate 11 are the same, that is, the surface perpendicular to the thickness of the flexible substrate 11 in the flexible substrate 11 is deformed in an equal proportion in any direction (for example, if the surface perpendicular to the thickness of the flexible substrate 11 in the flexible substrate 11 is rectangular, the lateral-longitudinal proportion before deformation and the lateral-longitudinal proportion after deformation of the surface perpendicular to the thickness of the flexible substrate 11 in the flexible substrate 11 are the same). Thus, when the Micro-LED display device 01 deforms, the proportion of the display screen of the Micro-LED display device 01 does not change, and therefore the display is not affected. On the basis, the flexible substrate 11 can be contracted, so that the Micro-LED display device 01 can be contracted, and the Micro-LED display device 01 can be conveniently stored and stored.

At present, strain sensors are required to be able to detect fine strain in the fields of wearable, robot, electronic skin, and the like. The smaller the strain that can be detected by the strain sensing element in the strain sensor, the higher the sensitivity of the strain sensor. In a stretchable strain sensor, stretching separates the active materials to aid sensitivity, while compression presses the active materials together, thereby limiting sensitivity enhancement. The sensitivity of the prior strain sensor is difficult to improve because the prior strain sensor element is compressed in the transverse direction when stretched in the longitudinal direction.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a strain sensor, which comprises a strain sensing element, wherein the strain sensing element is used for deforming when stressed; wherein, the strain sensing element comprises the deformation structure 10; alternatively, the strain sensing element comprises a third deformation layer of a material comprising magnetizable particles or two-dimensional Ag₂S。

Here, the strain sensing element includes an elastic element.

The material in the third deformable layer comprises a magnetically deformable materialFormed of fine particles or two-dimensional Ag₂In the case of S, when the third deformation layer is deformed, the shape of the surface of the third deformation layer perpendicular to the thickness before deformation is the same as the shape after deformation, and the above embodiments have been described in detail, and are not described again here.

The embodiment of the invention provides a strain sensor, which comprises a strain sensing element, wherein the strain sensing element comprises the deformation structure; alternatively, the strain sensing element comprises a third deformation layer of a material comprising magnetizable particles or two-dimensional Ag₂And S. Since the shape before deformation and the shape after deformation are the same when the deformation structure 10 and the third deformation layer are deformed, when the strain sensing element is stressed, the shape before deformation and the shape after deformation are the same, that is, the strain sensing element is deformed in equal proportion, so that the strain sensing element is stretched in the transverse direction when stretched in the longitudinal direction; in longitudinal compression, the transverse direction also compresses, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the strain sensor.

For the Micro-LED display device 01 or strain sensor, in case the material of the third deformable layer comprises magnetizable particles, the magnetizable particles comprise one or more of neodymium iron boron alloy particles, aluminum nickel cobalt alloy particles, iron chromium cobalt alloy particles, samarium cobalt alloy particles, ferrite particles, samarium iron nitrogen particles, aluminum iron carbon particles.

Optionally, in the case that the material of the third deformation layer includes magnetizable particles, the material of the third deformation layer further includes a silicone resin, a silicon-containing catalyst, a cross-linking agent, and nano-sized silica particles.

In the embodiment of the present invention, in the case that the material of the third deformation layer includes magnetizable particles, the material of the third deformation layer is the same as the material of the second deformation layer, and since the above embodiment has described the material of the second deformation layer and the manufacturing process of the second deformation layer in detail, in the case that the material of the third deformation layer includes magnetizable particles, the third deformation layer may refer to the second deformation layer, and will not be described herein again.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned deformation structure 10 and the third deformation layer can be applied to other fields besides the Micro-LED display device 01 as the flexible substrate 11 and the strain sensor as the strain sensing element. For example for protective clothing, protective equipment, protective helmets, bullet-proof vests, leg guards, knee pads or protective sheaths and the like.

The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A deformable material, comprising a plurality of layers of sheet-like structures, each layer of sheet-like structure comprising a plurality of aldolases having a square shape, wherein each of the aldolases has four amino acid residues at its four corners linked to its four surrounding amino acid residues of the aldolase by four disulfide bonds;

the amino acid residues of the aldolase located adjacent to the sheet-like structure are linked together by a disulfide bond.

2. A deformable structure, comprising a first deformable layer, the material of which comprises the deformable material of claim 1.

3. The morphing structure of claim 2, further comprising a second morphing layer, the first morphing layer being layered with the second morphing layer;

the material of the second deformation layer comprises magnetizable particles.

4. A deformed structure according to claim 3 wherein the magnetizable particles comprise one or more of neodymium iron boron alloy particles, aluminum nickel cobalt alloy particles, iron chromium cobalt alloy particles, samarium cobalt alloy particles, ferrite particles, samarium iron nitrogen particles, aluminum iron carbon particles.

5. The deformable structure of claim 4, wherein the material of the second deformable layer further comprises a silicone resin, a silicon-containing catalyst, a cross-linking agent, and nano-sized silica particles.

6. A Micro-LED display device comprises a circuit substrate and a plurality of Micro-LED particles arranged on the circuit substrate; the circuit board is characterized by comprising a flexible substrate and a driving circuit layer arranged on the flexible substrate;

the flexible substrate comprises a shape changing structure as claimed in any one of claims 2-5.

7. A strain sensor, comprising a strain sensing element configured to deform when subjected to a force;

wherein the strain sensing element comprises a deformation structure according to any of claims 2-5.