CN110061838A - A kind of the decentralization storage system and its realization, information retrieval method of DNS resource record - Google Patents
A kind of the decentralization storage system and its realization, information retrieval method of DNS resource record Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/13—File access structures, e.g. distributed indices
- G06F16/137—Hash-based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
- H04L61/4505—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
- H04L61/4511—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1097—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
- H04L9/0825—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) using asymmetric-key encryption or public key infrastructure [PKI], e.g. key signature or public key certificates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of decentralization storage system of DNS resource record and its realizations, information retrieval method, the system includes: accumulation layer on chain, utilizes key DNS resource record and DNS resource record of tracing to the source in intelligent contract storage DNS resource record, index external storage；Accumulation layer under chain stores DNS resource record using IPFS, and the cryptographic Hash of the Hash Round Robin data partition of identity and record information is stored in block chain, it is ensured that the authenticity and integrity of resource record by the Hash Round Robin data partition of the corresponding identity of each IPFS node；Client layer includes DNS administrator and DNS user, the former is responsible for DNS database information registering and update, synchronous DNS critical data is into external storage, and relevant information is written in block using intelligent contract, the latter passes through the corresponding resource record of DNS client nslookup, and the record in block chain and external storage is inquired, verify the authenticity and integrity of record.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to block chain technical field, more particularly in the going of a kind of DNS resource record based on alliance's chain
Heart storage system and its realization, information retrieval method.
Background technique
The architecture of current DNS (Domain Name System, domain name system) system is a kind of level of centralization
Structure, control centre of the DNS root server as entire DNS system are responsible for DNS global administration and parsing, the solution of all domain names
Analysis and verifying require the participation of DNS root server, and on the one hand this architecture increases the processing load of root server, another
There are Single Point of Faliure hidden danger for aspect.When root server is inaccessible or breaks down, it will lead to entire internet domain name system
System paralysis.
There is also unilateral control hidden danger for the DNS system of existing centralization hierarchical structure.Current 13 root services have 10 positions
In the U.S., 2 are located at Europe, and 1 is located at Japan, and the distribution of dns server and number are seriously unbalanced, lead to cyberspace master
There are serious unilateral control phenomenons for power, mainly include two aspect: one is to domain name deorienting risk.It only need to be in root server
The top level domain record of particular country is deleted, and refuse offer to realize to the domain name registration of the country.Second is that refusal is visited
Ask risk.In root server and its mirror image server, refuse the analysis request from a state top level domain.In root service
Also the access strategy to certain domain name and its subset can be set in device, to destroy the network sovereignty that the domain name corresponds to tissue.
DNS security solution based on PKI (Public Key Infrastructure, Public Key Infrastructure)
It is difficult to widespread deployment.The DNS security enhancing proposed at present or alternative solution are mostly based on digital signature and PKI infrastructure, and
This kind of scheme needs to modify DNS Protocol, can not keep being compatible with traditional DNS system, and therefore, it is difficult to large scale deployments, such as: mesh
Preceding 89% top level domain server disposition DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions, DNS
Security extension), but second level domain deployment rate is only 3%, this makes DNSSEC be difficult to play a role in practical applications.This
Outside, inherently there is unilateral control problem in PKI infrastructure, it is difficult to dispose in the world.
In conclusion since the excessively apparent centralization of DNS system is characterized in that DNS system security risk is caused to be difficult to eradicate
Major reason, for this purpose, DNS decentralization becomes an important developing direction.Therefore, the present invention intends not changing DNS
In the case where agreement, the storage of DNS resource record, retrieval and the verification method of a kind of decentralization are proposed.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the above existing technologies, it is gone purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of DNS resource record
Centralization storage system and its realization, information retrieval method using alliance's chain decentralization, the storage of data distribution formula, can not usurp
Change, collective maintenance the characteristics of, realize based on alliance's chain DNS resource record decentralization storage and retrieval purpose, do not changing
Under the premise of becoming DNS Protocol, DNS resource record is prevented to be maliciously tampered and forge, improves DNS system analysis and verification efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of decentralization storage system of DNS resource record, comprising:
Accumulation layer on chain, using intelligent contract storage DNS resource record, index external storage in DNS resource record and
It traces to the source DNS resource record；
Accumulation layer under chain stores DNS resource record, the Hash of the corresponding identity of each IPFS node using IPFS
Address, by the Hash Round Robin data partition of identity and record information cryptographic Hash be stored in block chain, it is ensured that resource record it is true
Property and integrality；
Client layer, including DNS administrator and DNS user, DNS administrator are responsible for DNS database information registering and update, together
DNS critical data is walked into external storage, and using intelligent contract by DNS registration information, more new information, record cryptographic Hash,
In signing messages, external storage chained address write-in block；DNS user passes through the corresponding resource note of DNS client nslookup
Record, and further inquire the record in block chain and external storage according to the corresponding address of domain name, verify the authenticity of record
And integrality.
Preferably, the cryptographic Hash of domain-name information, resource record are signed using intelligent contract, are updated by accumulation layer on the chain
Information, external storage link, public key information are written in block, and ensure each node in block chain network using common recognition algorithm
Recording for middle storage is identical, provides authenticity and integrity for resource record and guarantees, the block link layer is also used to index outside
Key DNS resource record in storage, chained address and the record being recorded in keystone resources using intelligent contract in external storage
Cryptographic Hash storage within a block, block chain and external storage are associated, block is suitable according to the time in the block chain
Sequence is stored, and storage resource is recorded in the more new record information of address in external storage, resource record in each block, with
It is traced to the source the historical information of certain domain name by the block chain.
Preferably, the intelligent contract include common recognition contract, relational contracts, ownership contract, historical record contract and
Service contract, will be in DNS hierarchical relationship, resource record, history more new information write area block chain by five kinds of contracts.
Preferably, the common recognition contract is responsible for user's registration information write-in, and the relational contracts are responsible for storing DNS level pass
System, the ownership contract are responsible for recording the specifying information of name server institute management domain name, and the historical record contract is responsible for
By in the DNS zone file update information write-in block chain comprising DNS resource record, the service contract is responsible for recording domain name
The service log of server.
Preferably, for each node in the block chain after common recognition negotiating algorithm is consistent, block chain network is added in authorization,
The common recognition contract registers customers as information write-in block chain.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a kind of implementation method of DNS resource record decentralization storage system,
Include the following steps:
Step S1 constructs block chain network by the way of alliance's chain, using intelligent contract to the registration Shen of register node
Come in row processing, and by common recognition algorithm it is authorized after be added into the block chain network, will include DNS by intelligent contract
The DNS zone file of resource record is written in the block chain network, take on chain/chain under the mode that combines be managed,
Partial data is stored in external storage under chain, is grounded the file cryptographic Hash of domain name resources record, outer chains on chain
Location, the public key information for verifying external data are stored in block chain, guarantee the authenticity of DNS data and complete by block chain
Property, while utilizing the memory space of external storage system extension block chain；
Step S2 is stored, and will when data update under the synchronous chain of the resource record that will be updated by server node
The chained address of domain name configuration file, the cryptographic Hash of record, status information are sent to service contract, more using service contract storage
New domain-name information, and history contract is generated, record the state of update and the content of update.
Preferably, step S1 further comprises:
Register node proposes application for registration to block chain network；
Common recognition contract pushes messages to ballot tank node, is confirmed；
Tank node of voting checks whether domain-name information is legal and unregistered, if domain name is legal and unregistered, returns to registration
Success, otherwise returns to registration failure；
The common recognition contract processing voting results create relational contracts if voting results are legal, otherwise abandon registration letter
Breath；
Registration message is transmitted to relational contracts by common recognition contract；
Registration message is given to by relational contracts sends out server node corresponding；
Parent server node is agreed to authorize the node, and application information and itself signature are sent to relational contracts；
Relational contracts are compiled registration information and authorization server signature, and create service contract；
The information write service contract that relational contracts will have been registered；
The address of service contract returns to register node, and register node carries out domain-name information operation using service contract.
Preferably, the method also includes:
In the incipient stage of system, the common recognition contract is sky, and start node is added as needed in temporary control and education person's node,
After there are enough complete nodes to be added, allow to remove temporary control and education person, consensus process is held according to common recognition algorithm
Row.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a kind of decentralization search method of DNS resource record, including it is as follows
Step:
Step S1, end subscriber initiate inquiry request when retrieving domain-name information, to trusted servers；
Step S2, the trusted servers search caching, the service contract hair if caching is not hit, into block chain
Inquiry request is played, service contract records the corresponding server of each domain name and external linkage address；
Step S3, the service contract is by the external address of the corresponding zone file of the domain name retrieved and records cryptographic Hash
Return to trusted servers；
Step S4 after the trusted servers receive external linkage address, inquires external zone file record, and calculates outer
Portion's record Hash and service contract return recording Hash are made comparisons, to prevent external record to be tampered, if two cryptographic Hash results
Identical, the information retrieved is returned to end subscriber by trusted servers.
Preferably, the method also includes:
Search result is verified, by the verification mode of DNS centralization, switchs to distributed validation mode, passes through block
The verifying of DNS resource record is become searching the account book of collective's maintenance by chain technology, is looked into using signature mechanism and hash algorithm guarantee
The mode recorded on chain is looked for guarantee the authenticity and integrity of record.
Compared with prior art, the invention proposes a kind of decentralization storage system of DNS resource record and its realization,
Information retrieval method, by intelligent contract will DNS zone file be written ether mill block chain in, take on chain/chain under combine
Mode be managed, partial data is stored in external storage under chain, on chain by domain name resources record (RR) text
Part cryptographic Hash, external linkage address, verify external data public key information be stored in block chain, pass through block chain guarantee DNS
The authenticity and integrity of resource record, while using the memory space of external storage system extension block chain, improve system
Scalability, the present invention realize verifying domain name while retrieving domain name, compared to DNSSEC after obtaining search result again into
The mode of row domain name verifying, shortens verifying path and process, promotes verification efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of DNS resource record decentralization proposed by the present invention storage, retrieval and verification method；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of intelligent contract in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the step flow chart of the implementation method of DNS resource record decentralization storage system proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the network diagram of alliance's chain in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the process schematic of specific embodiment of the invention interior joint addition；
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of common recognition algorithm in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of data updating process in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the step flow chart of DNS resource record decentralization information retrieval method proposed by the present invention；
Fig. 9 is data retrieval process schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Figure 10 is the retrieval of DNS resource record and the verification process schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention based on block chain；
Figure 11 is that code key updates flow diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Figure 12 is resource record retrieval and verification process schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of specific specific example and embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings, those skilled in the art can
Further advantage and effect of the invention are understood by content disclosed in the present specification.The present invention also can be by other different specific
Example is implemented or is applied, and details in this specification can also be based on different perspectives and applications, without departing substantially from the present invention
Spirit under carry out it is various modification and change.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the decentralization storage system of DNS resource record proposed by the present invention.As shown in Figure 1,
The decentralization storage system of the DNS resource record, comprising:
Accumulation layer 10 on chain, for storing DNS resource record, key DNS resource record and tracing back in index external storage
Source DNS resource record.Specifically, on chain accumulation layer 10 using intelligent contract by the cryptographic Hash of domain-name information, resource record signature,
More new information, external storage link, public key information are written in block, and ensure each of block chain network using common recognition algorithm
Recording for storing in node is identical, provides authenticity and integrity for resource record and guarantees, the block link layer 10 is also used to rope
Draw DNS resource record in external storage, i.e., using intelligent contract by keystone resources be recorded in chained address in external storage and
Record cryptographic Hash storage within a block, block chain and external storage are associated, due in block chain block be all by
It is stored according to time sequencing, the update of storage resource is recorded in external storage in each block address, resource record is remembered
It records information, therefore can be traced to the source the historical information of certain domain name by block chain 10.
Accumulation layer 20 under chain, for being responsible for storage DNS resource record.In the specific embodiment of the invention, accumulation layer under chain
20 use IPFS (Inter Planetary File System, interspace file system) external storage system, and IPFS can be saved often
The record information that secondary DNS administrator submits, the Hash Round Robin data partition of the corresponding identity of each IPFS, by the Hash of identity
The cryptographic Hash of address and record information is stored in block chain, it is ensured that the authenticity and integrity of resource record.
Client layer 30 mainly includes two kinds of users: DNS administrator and search user, wherein DNS administrator is responsible for DNS number
According to library information registering and update, synchronous DNS critical data utilizes intelligent contract by DNS registration information, more into external storage
New information, the cryptographic Hash of record, signing messages, external storage chained address are written in block；DNS user then utilizes DNS client
The corresponding resource record of nslookup is held, to the IP address retrieved, inquires the record in block chain and external storage, verifying note
The authenticity and integrity of record.
In order to facilitate in DNS resource record write-in block chain, the present invention constructs 5 kinds of intelligent contracts, comprising: common recognition contract
(Consensus Contract, CC), relational contracts (Relationship Contract, RC), ownership contract
(Ownership Contract, OC) (not shown), historical record contract (History Contract, HC), service are closed
About (Service Contract, SC).DNS hierarchical relationship, resource record, history more new information are written by this 5 kinds of contracts
In block chain.In order to keep the contract between node mutually indepedent, contract, which only passes through generated contract, to be created.Specifically,
Intelligence contract used by block link layer 10 is as shown in Fig. 2, the intelligence contract is as follows:
(1) know together contract (CC): common recognition contract is responsible for user's registration information write-in, and common recognition each field meanings of contract are as follows:
Ethereum Addr: the ether mill address that authorized user is added
Reponsible Domain: it is responsible for the name space of management
User Type: user type, including inquiry user, application for domain names person
RC Addr: it is responsible for the contract address of storage tier relationship
For each node in block chain after common recognition negotiating algorithm is consistent, block chain network is added in authorization, and common recognition contract will
It appeals information and block chain is written.
For user registration course, common recognition and about CC prevent attacker for verifying whether register node is repeated registration
Carry out malice rush-register.In order to construct the hierarchical relationship between dns server, parent server passes through relational contracts RC storage authorization
Lower level servers, the address of relational contracts are stored in the common recognition contract of register node, and new registration node passes through common recognition algorithm warp
It is added after authorization, prevents newly added node from constituting a threat to system.It should be noted that in the incipient stage of system, common recognition and about CC
It will be sky.Therefore, temporary control and education person's node will need to add start node, such as using top level domain server node as starting
Node is added.After there are enough complete nodes to be added, allow to remove temporary control and education person, consensus process is according to altogether
Know algorithm to execute.
2) relational contracts (RC): relational contracts are responsible for storing DNS hierarchical relationship, and each field meanings of relational contracts are as follows:
Ethereum Addr: the next stage server ether mill address of authorization
Reponsible Domain: the responsible name space of the next stage server of authorization
IP: the IP address of server
Level: server tier
HC Addr: relational contracts address
Server Signature: Information Signature
For the name space that server authorization goes out, in order to record hierarchical relationship, parent server is closed in common recognition and about CC
The name space, IP and associated ether mill address information of the name server management of authorization are stored in the relational contracts RC of connection.
The name space of parent server authorization has multiple, and relational contracts are responsible for recording each authority record.Each authorization is taken
Business device information, can all be recorded in sequentially in time in block chain, so as to subsequent lookup and trace to the source.
3) ownership contract (OC): ownership contract is responsible for recording the specifying information of name server institute management domain name, institute
Each field meanings of contract of having the right are as follows:
Ethereum Addr: resource record manager's address information
Domain Name: it is responsible for the domain name of management
IP Addr: the corresponding IP address of domain name
External Link: the link of resource record external storage
Hash: the Hash of resource record
HC Addr: the address of historical record contract
Due to the limited storage space of each block, if complete resource record information is stored in block chain, meeting
It increases the length of block chain rapidly, is not easy to manage and maintain.Therefore, for convenience of domain name address information is quickly searched, each
Domain name and address are directly stored in block, other resource records are stored in external storage.The chained address of external storage saves
In External Link field.To prevent external resource record malice from distorting, the cryptographic Hash of resource record is stored in Hash word
Section.DNS resource record information meeting real-time update passes through building historical record contract and stores more new information.Historical record contract
Address is stored in ownership contract.
Complete DNS resource is stored in IPFS, and each domain name configuration (zone) file corresponds to a node ID in IPFS,
This node ID is immutable, and only dns server administrator possesses, and is responsible for updating DNS domain name configuration (zone) file.It updates
Block chain will be written by historical record contract in domain name configuration (zone) file afterwards.
4) historical record contract (HC): historical record contract is responsible for DNS zone file update information block chain is written
In, each field concrete meaning of historical record contract is as follows:
Ethereum Addr:zone file management person address
New_Hash: zone file Hash after update
Condition: state, addition, are deleted at modification
IPFS ID: mark of the user in IPFS
To the change information of zone file, the information after change is written by block chain by historical record contract, for every
The information of secondary change saves the copy submitted every time in external IPFS, while the Hash of record is stored in block chain, it is ensured that
The zone the file information submitted every time is not tampered, and can be traced to the source zone the file information by block chain and external IP FS.
5) service contract (SC) (not shown): it is responsible for the service log of record name server, each word of service contract
Section concrete meaning is as follows:
Ethereum Addr:zone file management person address
Service Record: service log
Condition: state, addition, are deleted at modification
IPFS ID: mark of the user in IPFS
DNS zone file is written in the block chain of ether mill that is, the present invention passes through intelligent contract, take on chain/
The mode combined under chain is managed.Partial data is stored in external storage under chain, remembers domain name resources on chain
Record the file cryptographic Hash of (RR), external linkage address, the public key information for verifying external data are stored in block chain, pass through block
Chain guarantees the authenticity and integrity of DNS data, while using the memory space of external storage system extension block chain, improving system
Unite scalability, the present invention realizes verifying domain name while retrieving domain name, compared to DNSSEC after obtaining search result again
The mode for carrying out domain name verifying shortens verifying path and process, promotes verification efficiency.
Fig. 3 is a kind of step flow chart of the implementation method of the decentralization storage system of DNS resource record of the present invention.Such as
Shown in Fig. 3, a kind of implementation method of the decentralization storage system of DNS resource record of the present invention includes the following steps:
Step S1 constructs block chain network by the way of alliance's chain, using intelligent contract to the registration Shen of register node
Row processing that come in, is added into the block chain network, and the block link network is written in DNS zone file by intelligent contract
In network, take on chain/chain under the mode that combines be managed, partial data is stored in external storage under chain, in chain
On the domain name resources record file cryptographic Hash of (RR), external linkage address, the public key information for verifying external data be stored in area
In block chain, guarantee the authenticity and integrity of DNS data by block chain, while utilizing external storage system extension block chain
Memory space.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the intelligence contract includes common recognition and about CC, relational contracts RC, ownership contract
OC, historical record and about HC and service contract SC.The block chain network is constructed by the way of alliance's chain, server node
The chain network that coalizes is authorized, the network diagram of alliance's chain is as shown in Figure 4.It is assumed that the server node of the system of addition is
Ethereum client and create the address Ethereum through installation, node adding procedure as shown in figure 5, specifically, step S1's
Node adding procedure is as follows:
1) register node proposes application for registration into block chain network, including the address Ethereum, domain-name information, institute
Belong to server tier, identity information；
2) common recognition contract pushes messages to ballot tank node, is confirmed；
3) ballot tank node checks whether domain-name information is legal and unregistered, if domain name is legal and unregistered, returns to note
Volume success, otherwise returns to registration failure；
4) common recognition contract processing voting results create relational contracts if voting results are legal, otherwise abandon registration letter
Breath；
5) registration message is transmitted to relational contracts by common recognition contract；
6) registration message is given to by relational contracts sends out server node corresponding；
7) parent server node is agreed to authorize the node, and application information and itself signature are sent to relational contracts；
8) relational contracts are compiled registration information and authorization server signature, and create service contract；
9) the information write service contract that relational contracts will have been registered；
10) address of service contract returns to register node, and register node carries out domain-name information operation using service contract.
As it can be seen that whether common recognition and about CC verifying register node are repeated registration for user registration course, attacker is prevented
Malice rush-register is carried out, in order to construct the hierarchical relationship between dns server, parent server passes through under relational contracts storage authorization
Grade server, the address of relational contracts is stored in the common recognition contract of register node.New registration node is by common recognition algorithm through awarding
It is added after power, prevents newly added node from constituting a threat to system.It should be noted that common recognition and about CC will in the incipient stage of system
For sky, therefore, temporary control and education person's node will need to add start node, such as add top level domain server node as starting
Ingress.After there are enough complete nodes to be added, allow to remove temporary control and education person, consensus process is according to common recognition
Algorithm executes.
Illustrate common recognition algorithm employed in the specific embodiment of the invention (i.e. the common recognition process of data update) below:
1) algorithm idea
In view of PBFT (common recognition algorithm) limitation of the algorithm in terms of network bandwidth and node communication mode, in conjunction with block
The characteristics of chain, PBFT algorithm do not require each message first to sequence sequence, and each node need to only complete the verifying and confirmation of message, will
3 broadcasting process of PBFT are reduced to 2 times, reduce the communication overhead of network.
2) symbol indicates
If the number of nodes for participating in common recognition in system is N, patient maximum malicious node number is f, then N must satisfy formula
N >=3f+1, common recognition node participates in accounting procedure in system, and ordinary node can see common recognition process, but and be not involved in.It participates in altogether
The node of knowledge is divided into two types: host node m, from node s.For the authenticity and integrity for guaranteeing message, message transmitting process
In, by the way of signature, if function σ is signature function, msg is the message to be sent, and hash is hash function, then signature value
Sig is expressed as
Sigmsg=σ (hash (msg))
Required data acquisition system is denoted as view v during every wheel common recognition, and set is numbered from 0, if current
Set is not reached common understanding, then needs to enter next set, until reaching common understanding.The node that common recognition process participates in also is compiled
Number, every wheel selects a node as host node, other nodes are used as from node.
Assuming that participating in the node original state having the same of common recognition when initial, i.e. original block height h, a upper block are breathed out
It is uncommon, version number is consistent.Initial views number and master node number relationship is as shown in formula (1)
If not common recognition node receives Transaction Information, then message is forwarded.Common recognition node, which initiates common recognition by host node, asks
It asks, sub- common recognition node receives transaction message, then verifies the correctness of message, the information is saved if correct after message is verified,
Common recognition confirmation broadcast is sent, view update information is otherwise broadcasted.After common recognition process, Transaction Information is deleted, updates view
With block height, it is prepared to enter into the new stage, specifically, the process for algorithm of knowing together is as shown in Figure 6.The common recognition algorithm mainly wraps
Containing two aspects:
A. host node broadcast common recognition request
The term of office of host node be time t, host node m to other common recognition node broadcasts know together motion message
{ConsensusRequest,h,v,m,Block,SigBlock}
Wherein ConsensusRequest represents type of message as common recognition request, and h is current block height, v active view
Number, m master node number, the Block block that interior transaction is constituted for a period of time, SigBlockFor block information signature.
B. child node is known together confirmation stage
After each common recognition process child node receives the broadcast message of host node, the correctness of message is successively verified, if disappearing
Breath is correct, then broadcasts common recognition confirmation message:
<ConsensusConfirm,h,v,s,SigBlock>
Wherein ConsensusConfirm represents type of message as common recognition request, and h is current block height, v active view
Number, s child node number, SigBlockFor block signature.
After each common recognition node receives broadcast message, following process is executed, judges the correctness of message:
A. judge whether the format of message is correct, including type of message, current block height, master node number, signature are
It is no correct, view update process is carried out if incorrect；
B. judge the correctness traded in current block, include whether to have existed, whether the verifying script traded correct,
Whether include repeat business, step d is gone to if incorrect；
C. in the case where step a and b are verified, then each transaction is legal in the block；
D. broadcast view replaces message；
If the message received is incorrect, view replacement message is broadcasted.If each common recognition node receives at least 2f altogether
After the common recognition confirmation message for knowing node, then prove that the block is arrived most of nodes and received in network, i.e., common recognition is reached, by the area
Block is added in block chain, and broadcasts the block.
Common recognition request message or child node broadcast view update are broadcasted not in stipulated time t when host node breaks down
Message does not obtain 2f node confirmation, then can execute view update operation, and renewal process is as follows:
A. view is increased into v=v+1 first
B. child node sends replacement view message
<ViewChange,h,v,s,v′,Sigmsg>
Wherein ViewChange represents type of message as view update, and h is current block height, v active view number, s
Child node number, the new view number of v ', SigmsgFor information signature
It is v ' by view update if it is more than 2f that c. common recognition node, which receives view update number of broadcast message, host node updates
For m=m+1, start new common recognition process.
If d. received view update message count does not arrive 2f, continued to execute back to step a.
B. the setting of host node term of office time t
The network fluctuation between master node network is unstable or common recognition node, may arrive causes frequent view to be replaced, and disappears
Consume Internet resources.In order to avoid frequently triggering view because of network fluctuation with changing, the time t of host node work should be with view more
New index increases, and when view, which takes place frequently, to be updated, illustrates that network fluctuates, it should increase time t.If time t meets as follows
Function,
T (k)=2kT, k=0,1,2 ...
Function T increases with view update number index, can make to avoid frequently view replacement caused by due to network fluctuation
At the waste of Internet resources.
Step S2, when data update, under the synchronous chain of resource record that server node will update in storage, and by domain
The chained address of name configuration (zone) file, cryptographic Hash, the status information of record are sent to service contract, are deposited using service contract
The domain-name information updated is stored up, and generates history contract, records the state of update and the content of update.In the specific embodiment of the invention
In, it is assumed that more new domain name configuration (zone) file server node in systems complete registration, server node
The resource record that database management component will update is synchronized under chain in storage, and chain of the zone file in IPFS is grounded
Location, the cryptographic Hash of record, status information are sent to service contract, it should be noted that, storage uses database, cloud storage under chain
Same function can be equally completed, even if original data also remain to using IPFS in the case where data file is deleted
Enough access, and IPFS has the characteristics that decentralization, the domain-name information that service contract storage updates, and generates history contract, comes
Record the content of the state and update that update.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, data updating process is as follows:
(1) server node database management component generates more new record；
(2) database management component will update recording synchronism to external IP FS system, and generate external storage link and note
Record cryptographic Hash；
(3) chained address, the cryptographic Hash of record, status information are sent to service contract by server node；
(4) service contract records updated domain-name information, and generates history contract；
(5) more new record, status information are sent to history contract by service contract；
(6) history contract will more new record, status information write-in block chain.
Fig. 8 is a kind of step flow chart of the decentralization information retrieval method of DNS resource record of the present invention.In the present invention
In, block chain network is responsible for the index of storage record, and provides guarantee to the authenticity and integrity of record.In block chain network
It is responsible for the write-in and reading of record by contract, and contract is created by already existing contract, it is ensured that contract creation and data pass
Safety during defeated.Inter-trust domain is made of local network or server node trusty, and end subscriber passes through trusted
Server retrieve domain-name information.Complete domain name configuration (zone) file is stored in external storage, the link of external storage
Address and record Hash are stored in block chain.As shown in figure 8, a kind of decentralization information inspection of DNS resource record of the present invention
Suo Fangfa includes the following steps:
Step S601, end subscriber initiate inquiry request when retrieving domain-name information, to trusted servers；
Step S602, trusted servers search caching, if caching is not hit, the service contract into block chain is initiated
Inquiry request, service contract record the corresponding server of each domain name and external linkage address；
Step S603, service contract return the external address of the corresponding zone file of the domain name retrieved and record cryptographic Hash
Back to trusted servers；
Step S604 after trusted servers receive external linkage address, inquires external zone file record, and calculate outside
Record Hash and service contract return recording Hash are made comparisons, to prevent external record to be tampered, if two cryptographic Hash result phases
Together, the information retrieved is returned to end subscriber by trusted servers.
Specifically, as shown in figure 9, information retrieval process is as follows:
(1) end subscriber initiates inquiry request
(2) trusted servers search local cache record, and the service contract initiation if not hitting into block chain is looked into
Ask request
(3) service contract inquiry storage record, if being stored in the record of the domain name, inquiry content is corresponding IP address,
Then IP address is returned, if inquiry content is other records, returns to the external storage address of zone file；
(4) trusted servers receive service contract and return the result, if user query content is the corresponding IP address of domain name,
IP address is returned, if other records, server searches external storage
(5) trusted servers search external storage；
(6) Hash and service contract return recording Hash for calculating external zone file are made comparisons, will if the two is identical
External file is not tampered with, retrieval respective resources record；
(7) query result is returned.
Preferably, the information retrieval method further includes following steps:
Search result is verified.In the present invention, by the verification mode of DNS centralization, switch to distributed validation side
The verifying of DNS resource record is become searching the account book of collective's maintenance that is, by block chain technology by formula, using signature mechanism with
Hash algorithm guarantees to search the authenticity and integrity that the mode recorded on chain guarantees record.
Figure 10 is the retrieval of DNS resource record and the verification process schematic diagram in the specific embodiment of the invention based on block chain.
Specifically, the present invention verifies the DNS system based on block chain, and each zone file of DNS is stored in external data base,
Zone file signature, external index, public key information are stored in block chain, using the decentralization of block chain, collective's maintenance, are not easy
The characteristics of distorting provides the authenticity and integrity protection of zone file, to verify the authenticity of the address www.aa.com record
For, only needing 2 inquiries, i.e. inquiry block chain obtains external linkage address, and inquiry external linkage address obtains address record,
And 1 Hash operation is carried out, the authenticity and integrity of 1 cryptographic calculation verifying zone file.
1) identity binding
Record in block chain can be arrived by the Nodes Retrieval in all block chains, if directly and domain by the public key of user
Name information binding, the identity information and public key information of the node can be revealed.For this purpose, the present invention is in order to solve code key and identity information
Under conditions of binding while protecting privacy of user, the code key of user is designed using the process of Figure 11.
By publication, the public key in block chain carries out authenticity and integrity verifying, the private key of offline storage for the update of data
It is responsible for public key in more new block chain.User is locally generated a pair of offline secret key pair, and online code key is by offline private key and previous step
The online public key generated is generated with function F, as shown in formula (2).
(skn,pkn)=F (skf,pkn-1), (2)
When user's more new information, it is responsible for signature with public key, it is ensured that the code key of identity information and real Identity Association letter
Manner of breathing separation.
When server sends key information into block chain, server sends code key and registers broadcast message:
<key_register, id, values=(pk, σ)>
It is code key registration that wherein key_register, which is type of message, and id is identity, and σ=sig (sk, id), σ are to use
Signature of the private key sk to identity id, it was demonstrated that the node possesses public key pk corresponding private key sk.
2) code key updates
The update of online public key is by sending new, old public key to block chain, and the mode of attaching signature is completed.Pass through number
Signature, new public key are generated by the holder of the corresponding private key of old public key, it is ensured that the sender of message is the owner of old public key.
Server sends code key and updates broadcast message: < key_update, id, values=(pkold,pknew,σ1,σ2)>
It is that code key updates that wherein key_update, which is type of message, and id is identity, σ 1=sig (skold,(id,
pknew)), σ 1 is with old code key signature to the signature of identity and new public key, this proves that the node possesses old public key pkoldIt is right
The private key sk answeredold, and pknewFor the corresponding new public key of node i d.σ 2=sig (sknew, id), σ 2 is with new private key sknewIt is right
The signature of identity id, it was demonstrated that the node possesses new public key pknewCorresponding new private key sknew。
3) verification process
A. code key updates verifying
After each accounting nodes receive code key update request, following verifying is done:
Judge that id is identified whether and pk in block chainoldCorresponding id matches；
Whether signature sigma 1 is correct；
Whether signature sigma 2 is correct.
If wherein there is an authentication failed, the transaction is abandoned, the message is otherwise packaged into block, is broadcasted to the message
Confirmation.
B. resource record retrieval and verifying
The authentication domain retrieving of resource record is as shown in figure 12.It is not recorded if domain name D summarizes in block chain, return does not have
There is record, retrieving terminates, if there is retrieval to record in block chain, threaded file is retrieved first, and do following verifying:
A judges whether the cryptographic Hash that file is saved in block chain is identical as the file value in external memory
Whether b judges the signature in block chain, and identical with signature value of the public key in block chain to external file
If c the two has a Xiang Butong, mistake is returned, otherwise returns to correct query result.
In conclusion the present invention a kind of the decentralization storage system and its realization, information retrieval method of DNS resource record
DNS zone file is written in the block chain of ether mill by intelligent contract, take on chain/chain under the mode that combines carry out pipe
Partial data, is stored in external storage by reason under chain, by the file cryptographic Hash of domain name resources record (RR), outside on chain
Chained address, verify external data public key information be stored in block chain, by block chain guarantee DNS data authenticity and
Integrality, while using the memory space of external storage system extension block chain, the system expandability is improved, the present invention realizes
Verifying domain name while retrieving domain name, carries out the mode of domain name verifying compared to DNSSEC again after obtaining search result, contracts
Short verifying path and process promote verification efficiency.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
1) can incremental deployment can be with DNS system compatible without changing DNS Protocol；
2) DNS zone file decentralization storage and management, using alliance's chain thought and intelligent contract technology by DNS
Zone file and alliance's chain combination, using block chain go center, distributed management, collective safeguard the characteristics of, guarantee DNS zone
The safe and reliable and decentralization of file stores；
3) the decentralization retrieval and verifying of domain-name information is known together mechanism and signature mechanism using block chain decentralization,
The correctness for guaranteeing search result completes domain name verifying while domain name retrieval.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.Any
Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, modifications and changes are made to the above embodiments by field technical staff.Therefore,
The scope of the present invention, should be as listed in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of decentralization storage system of DNS resource record, comprising:
Accumulation layer on chain using DNS resource record in intelligent contract storage DNS resource record, index external storage and is traced to the source
DNS resource record；
Accumulation layer under chain stores DNS resource record using IPFS, and each IPFS node is with corresponding to the Hash of an identity
The cryptographic Hash of the Hash Round Robin data partition of identity and record information is stored in block chain, it is ensured that the authenticity of resource record by location
And integrality；
Client layer, including DNS administrator and DNS user, DNS administrator are responsible for DNS database information registering and update, synchronous
DNS critical data utilizes intelligent contract by DNS registration information, more new information, the cryptographic Hash of record, label into external storage
In name information, external storage chained address write-in block；DNS user passes through the corresponding resource record of DNS client nslookup,
And further according to the corresponding address of domain name, inquire the record in block chain and external storage, verify record authenticity and
Integrality.
2. a kind of decentralization storage system of DNS resource record as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: on the chain
Cryptographic Hash that domain name resources records by accumulation layer using intelligent contract, resource record signature, more new information, external storage link,
Public key information is written in block, and identical using common recognition algorithm recording of ensuring to store in each node in block chain network,
Authenticity and integrity being provided for resource record to guarantee, the block link layer is also used to index DNS resource record in external storage,
The cryptographic Hash of chained address and record using intelligent contract by resource record in external storage stores within a block, by area
Block chain and external storage are associated, and block is stored sequentially in time in the block chain, and money is stored in each block
Address of the source record in external storage, resource record more new record information, to be traced to the source certain domain name by the block chain
Historical information.
3. a kind of decentralization storage system of DNS resource record as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the intelligence
Contract includes but is not limited to know together contract, relational contracts, ownership contract, historical record contract and service contract, by this
Five kinds of contracts will be in DNS hierarchical relationship, resource record, history more new information write area block chain.
4. a kind of decentralization storage system of DNS resource record as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the common recognition
Contract is responsible for user's registration information write-in, and the relational contracts are responsible for storing DNS hierarchical relationship, and the ownership contract is responsible for note
The specifying information of name server institute management domain name is recorded, the historical record contract is responsible for writing DNS zone file update information
Enter in block chain, the service contract is responsible for recording the service log of name server.
5. a kind of decentralization storage system of DNS resource record as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the block
Each node in chain is after common recognition negotiating algorithm is consistent, and block chain network is added in authorization, and the common recognition contract registers customers as
Block chain is written in information.
6. a kind of implementation method of the decentralization storage system of DNS resource record, includes the following steps:
Step S1 constructs block chain network by the way of alliance's chain, using intelligent contract to the application for registration of register node into
Row processing, and by common recognition algorithm it is authorized after be added into the block chain network, will include DNS resource by intelligent contract
The DNS zone file of record is written in the block chain network, take on chain/chain under the mode that combines be managed, in chain
It is lower that partial data is stored in external storage, on chain by domain name resources record file cryptographic Hash, external linkage address, test
The public key information of card external data is stored in block chain, guarantees the authenticity and integrity of DNS data by block chain, simultaneously
Utilize the memory space of external storage system extension block chain；
Step S2 is stored under the synchronous chain of the resource record that will be updated by server node when data update, and by domain name
The chained address of configuration file, the cryptographic Hash of record, status information are sent to service contract, are updated using service contract storage
Domain-name information, and history contract is generated, record the state of update and the content of update.
7. a kind of implementation method of the decentralization storage system of DNS resource record as claimed in claim 6, feature exist
In step S1 further comprises:
Register node proposes application for registration to block chain network；
Common recognition contract pushes messages to ballot tank node, is confirmed；
Tank node of voting checks whether domain-name information is legal and unregistered, if domain name is legal and unregistered, return is succeeded in registration,
Otherwise registration failure is returned；
The common recognition contract processing voting results create relational contracts, otherwise abandon registration information if voting results are legal；
Registration message is transmitted to relational contracts by common recognition contract；
Registration message is given to by relational contracts sends out server node corresponding；
Parent server node is agreed to authorize the node, and application information and itself signature are sent to relational contracts；
Relational contracts are compiled registration information and authorization server signature, and create service contract；
The information write service contract that relational contracts will have been registered；
The address of service contract returns to register node, and register node carries out domain-name information operation using service contract.
8. a kind of implementation method of the decentralization storage system of DNS resource record as claimed in claim 7, feature exist
In, the method also includes:
In the incipient stage of system, the common recognition contract is sky, and start node is added as needed in temporary control and education person's node, once
After there are enough complete nodes to be added, allow to remove temporary control and education person, consensus process is executed according to common recognition algorithm.
9. a kind of decentralization information retrieval method of DNS resource record, includes the following steps:
Step S1, end subscriber initiate inquiry request when retrieving domain-name information, to trusted servers；
Step S2, the trusted servers search caching, if caching is not hit, the service contract initiation into block chain is looked into
Request is ask, service contract records the corresponding server of each domain name and external linkage address；
Step S3, the service contract return to the external address of the corresponding zone file of the domain name retrieved and record cryptographic Hash
To trusted servers；
Step S4 after the trusted servers receive external linkage address, inquires external zone file record, and calculate external note
Record Hash and service contract return recording Hash are made comparisons, to prevent external record to be tampered, if two cryptographic Hash results are identical,
The information retrieved is returned to end subscriber by trusted servers.
10. a kind of decentralization information retrieval method of DNS resource record as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that described
Method further include:
Search result is verified, by the verification mode of DNS centralization, switchs to distributed validation mode, passes through block chain skill
The verifying of DNS resource record is become searching the account book of collective's maintenance by art, guarantees to search chain using signature mechanism and hash algorithm
The mode of upper record guarantees the authenticity and integrity of record.
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