CN110060291A - It is a kind of consider people because stereopsis in distance calculation method - Google Patents
It is a kind of consider people because stereopsis in distance calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
- G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
- G06T7/593—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from stereo images
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Abstract
The present invention relates to it is a kind of based on people because three-dimensional apparent range resolve model, it is characterised in that: extract image parallax on the screen, calculate its three-dimensional depth；Secondly, extracting the area-of-interest of image, its parallactic angle, width angle and front and back scape contrast are obtained, model is resolved according to objective visual comfort and calculates its comfort level；Then, by subjective experiment, the apparent range value of stereo-picture subjective perception is obtained；Finally, establishing the three-dimensional depth of resolving and the incidence relation of objective comfort level by subjective measurement value, establishes the apparent range based on three-dimensional comfort level and resolve model；Model starting point is established on the basis of human eye, so that model has more objectivity, better directive function is played to stereoscopic shooting；In conjunction with three-dimensional depth, stereoscopic vision comfort level etc., comprehensive consideration multi-dimensional factors, so that model evaluation result is more accurate, with a high credibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of consideration people because stereopsis in distance calculation method, belong to computer vision, image procossing
Technical field.
Background technique
In recent years, stereo technology, related hardware technology were quickly grown, three-dimensional video-frequency and game etc. by mobile phone, plate,
The media such as TV, film and various Helmet Mounted Displays enter ordinary populace life comprehensively.In three-dimensional video-frequency watching process
Three-dimensional sense is main feature of the stereoscopic display better than two dimension display, it is therefore necessary to appropriately control relief power, should keep away
" false three-dimensional " picture for exempting from no any visual impact, can not occur enabling audience's discomfort, even cannot achieve stereoscopic fusion
The case where.
Three-dimensional depth information can be solved based on many factors such as right and left eyes stereo-picture, shooting and playing environment parameters.And
The three-dimensional depth of stereoscopic effect and solution that actually user is watched by various media has differences.At this stage, in solid
In whole life cycle, only audience could understand stereoscopic effect situation according to ornamental experience effect after finally watching, can not
Realize that timely three-dimensional sense controls.
The space length for the steric information that three-dimensional apparent range, that is, viewer is perceived, being different from " three-dimensional depth " can
With directly calculation, the complicated multiplicity of the influence factor of apparent range, in addition to " three-dimensional depth " resolves the factor being related in model also
Comprising viewer's oneself factor, i.e., people because.It is stood since stereopsis is imaged on human eye retina different from human eye viewing is normal
Body is in kind, visual comfort can be caused lower due to the problems such as " adjusting-polymerization " in watching process, i.e., viewing experience is poor,
Certain feeling of fatigue, which can thus be generated, causes the apparent range of perception and the three-dimensional depth value of resolving to have certain discrepancy.Therefore,
People must be taken into consideration because could more accurately resolve three-dimensional apparent range.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of based on people because three-dimensional apparent range resolve model, since the mankind exist
In terms of spatial perception, there are significant errors with actual depth for the apparent range that people perceives in virtual environment；Although real generation
Apparent range estimation accuracy in boundary is about 94%, but averagely drops to 80% or so in virtual environment, that is, underestimate or press
Contracting 20%, while the apparent range perceived is influenced by factors such as parallax, color and brightness.In consideration of it, the present invention is with three-dimensional deep
Based on degree resolves model, and establishes three-dimensional apparent range because of feedback using objective comfort level Models computed result as people and resolve
Model is automatically performed the calculating of apparent range, obtains more accurate apparent range.
The technical scheme is that being achieved: it is a kind of based on people because three-dimensional apparent range resolve model, feature
It is: extracts the parallax of image on the screen, calculate its three-dimensional depth；Secondly, extracting the area-of-interest of image, it is obtained
Parallactic angle, width angle and front and back scape contrast resolve model according to objective visual comfort and calculate its comfort level；Then, pass through
Subjective experiment obtains the apparent range value of stereo-picture subjective perception；Finally, establishing the solid of resolving by subjective measurement value
The incidence relation of depth and objective comfort level establishes the apparent range based on three-dimensional comfort level and resolves model；Its specific step
It is as follows:
Screen parallax when step 1, extraction stereo pairs projection, calculates its three-dimensional depth according to the following formula:
Wherein, SD indicates that the three-dimensional depth resolved, e indicate that the pupil distance (generally often taking 6.5cm) of viewer, V indicate
Distance of the viewer away from view screen, Z indicate the parallax of stereo pairs on screen when broadcasting；
Step 2, the foreground area parallactic angle for respectively obtaining stereo-picture, width angle and front and back scene area contrast, according to
Following formula calculates its objective visual comfort:
VC (D, w, c)=4.8736-0.7084D+0.1912ln (w) -0.0208Dln (w)+0.0015c2-0.0572c
(0.50≤D≤2.00,0.25≤w≤4.00)
Wherein, D indicates that the parallactic angle of foreground area, w indicate the width angle of foreground area, and c indicates foreground area and background
The contrast in region.It is required that parallactic angle, in 0.5 °~2.0 ° of range, width angle is in 0.25 °~4.0 ° of range；VC is objective
Stereoscopic vision comfort level；
Step 3 carries out subjective experiment to 21 groups of stereo-pictures of real scene shooting, artificially measurement experiment personnel subjective perception
Apparent range arranges data, obtains statistical average.
The difference dif of step 4, the perception apparent range for calculating every group of image and three-dimensional depth, analyze the difference with comfortably
The relationship for spending VC, does curve matching and show that linear relationship is as follows:
Dif=0.13-0.0353*VC
Wherein, dif is the difference for perceiving apparent range (GTPD) and three-dimensional depth (SD): dif=GTPD-SD, VC are visitor
See stereoscopic vision comfort level；
Step 5 arranges formula, finally obtains the incidence relation of apparent range, three-dimensional depth and three-dimensional comfort level, obtains
The resolving model of apparent range:
OPD=SD+0.13-0.0353*VC
In formula, OPD indicates the objective apparent range that model calculates, and SD indicates that the three-dimensional depth of Models computed, VC indicate visitor
See the comfortable angle value of stereoscopic vision comfort level Models computed.
The positive effect of the present invention is the objective estimation realized to stereo-picture apparent range, three-dimensional deep by analysis
Calculated result, the objective visual comfort Models computed result that degree resolves model are associated with the apparent range of subjective perception
System establishes the resolving model of objective three-dimensional apparent range.It can effectively save traditional artificial pricer power cost, and according to
Rely in the estimator the problem of；Model starting point is established on the basis of human eye, so that model has more objectivity, solid is clapped
It takes the photograph and plays better directive function；In conjunction with three-dimensional depth, stereoscopic vision comfort level etc., comprehensive consideration multi-dimensional factors, so that model
Evaluation result is more accurate, with a high credibility.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is binocular camera system.
Fig. 3 is experimental group right view.
Fig. 4 is experimental situation.
Fig. 5 is experimental group area-of-interest figure.
Fig. 6 is the tendency chart of three-dimensional depth and apparent range.
Fig. 7 is the difference of apparent range and three-dimensional depth and the relationship of three-dimensional comfort level.
Fig. 8 is apparent range, three-dimensional depth and the apparent range of the resolving three's tendency chart of perception.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples: in the present embodiment, using Daheng's industry phase
Machine obtains 21 groups of real scene shooting stereo pairs, and is tested using the stereo-picture library that the advanced academy of sciences, South Korea provides the model
Card, flow chart are as shown in Figure 1, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1, using Liang Ge Daheng MER-310-12UC industrial camera progress Image Acquisition (as shown in Figure 2), camera
Resolution ratio be 2048 × 1536.And two identical cameras of bench-type number, the underlying parameters standard such as white balance, gain, mode
Unanimously.When carrying out data acquisition, connection computer first transmits signal, places a device in stable horizontal A-frame, group
Alignment correction after dress, the software being equipped with by Daheng's camera watch two-shipper picture over the display.By the aperture of two machines,
The random informations such as focal length, focus synchronize unanimously, with pupil of human away from (6.5cm is chosen in 5.5-7.5cm, this experiment) for shooting base
Line synchronizes shooting.During shooting stereo images, scene layout is divided into two layers more, and picture is more succinct for this experiment, leads to
It crosses hierarchy correlation and highlights preferable stereoscopic effect.As shown in figure 3, being the right view of collected 21 groups of images.
Step 2 chooses experimenter 15 of age between 19-28 years old.Determine the age of experimenter in reasonable model
It encloses, the physiological maladies in terms of normal visual acuity and no visual, such as colour blindness, anomalous trichromatism eye disease.And when being worn in watching process
Fraction anaglyph spectacles have no adverse reaction, can the accurate and stable stereopsis position for judging to perceive and true in viewing
Surely the apparent range perceived.And whether there is the experience of certain observation stereopsis according to it, whether understands relevant professional knowledge
It distinguishes.Due to there is the tested personnel of correlation experience that can preferably carry out subjective evaluation and test, and other Observation personnels are due to lacking
Correlation experience needs first to arrange a series of training, by the training of early period, can more accurately determine subjective judgement result.
Step 3 cooperates tall and handsome reach up to NVIDIA Quadro K620 video card, Samsung 2233RZ 3D display screen using tall and handsome
The unreal mirror of Wireless stereo -- time division type anaglyph spectacles carry out viewing stereo-picture.Viewing distance is 1.5 meters, about height of display 5
Times, horizontal (50cm) and vertical visual angle (30cm) they are respectively 18.96 ° and 8.58.Experimental situation is based on ITU-R BT.500-11
With ITU-R BT.1438 recommended setting, the eye to guarantee viewing personnel in watching process is comfortable, when being tested every two
Eye rest can be carried out to image playing interval.Movie theatre viewing environment is copied in experiment watching process, environment light is dimmed,
As shown in figure 4, being tested for tested personnel under darkroom.
Step 4, the apparent range to obtain perception are tested using the method for subjectivity evaluation and test, in correlative study,
Measurement method mainly has 3 seed types: speech estimation, vision Imaginary Movement and perception matching.Vocabulary estimation refers to as unit of rice
Directly indicate estimation of Depth.The movement of the vision imagination refers to that allowing main body to observe object and imagine moves towards object.Imagine the time with him
Common speed of travel record to carry out depth judgement.Experiment is directly quantified using the method for language estimation in the present embodiment
Estimate the apparent range of perception.The apparent range for each image that viewing personnel are perceived is obtained by artificial measurement, it will
The apparent range acquired takes its average value, arrange data so that obtain the view of part Experiment group image pair shown in table 1 away from
From value.
The apparent range of 1 parts of images pair of table
It is each that the Parameter Calculations such as step 5, parallax, viewer's interpupillary distance and viewing distance when passing through projection go out experimental group
Image is to corresponding three-dimensional depth.The three-dimensional depth value of image a certain frame picture when playing can be calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein, SD indicates that the three-dimensional depth resolved, e indicate that the pupil distance (generally often taking 6.5cm) of viewer, V indicate
Distance of the viewer away from view screen, Z indicate the parallax of stereo pairs on screen when broadcasting.It as shown in table 2, is experimental group
Image is to part isometric depth resolving value corresponding to (shown in Fig. 3).
The three-dimensional depth of 2 parts of images pair of table
Step 6, the disparity map for obtaining experimental group image, and calculate according to GBVS algorithm the plane notable figure of each image.
Then, disparity map is calculated and merged according to the following formula and plane notable figure obtains three-dimensional notable figure:
IIS (x, y)=ω1ISR(x,y)+ω2DR(x,y)
IS in formulaR(x, y) is plane notable figure, DR(x, y) is disparity map, ω1、ω2For its weight, the present embodiment takes ω1
=ω2=0.5.To obtain area-of-interest, by three-dimensional notable figure progress Threshold segmentation handle to obtain mask image IIM (x,
Y), formula that the specific method is as follows:
C (x, y) is the pixel value at (x, y) in formula, and T is its segmentation threshold.The pixel belongs to sense if C (x, y) > T
Interest region corresponds to white area in mask image, otherwise belongs to black region.Use preset region of interest exposure mask and the right side
View, disparity map are multiplied, and Image with Region of Interest and region of interest disparity map are respectively obtained, using area-of-interest as foreground zone
Domain.Region of interest mask image is negated, and is multiplied with right view and can obtain background area.As shown in figure 5, being experimental group image
(Fig. 3) corresponding area-of-interest figure.
Step 7, according to the following formula can the corresponding objective visual comfort of experiment with computing group image:
VC (D, w, c)=4.8736-0.7084D+0.1912ln (w) -0.0208Dln (w)+0.0015c2-0.0572c
(0.50≤D≤2.00,0.25≤w≤4.00)
Wherein, D indicates that the parallactic angle of foreground area, w indicate the width angle of foreground area, and c indicates foreground area and background
The contrast in region.It is required that parallactic angle, in 0.5 °~2.0 ° of range, width angle is in 0.25 °~4.0 ° of range.D, w, c
Calculate such as following formula:
Wherein, the mean parallax value of foreground area is Df, ofIndicate foreground area, | of| indicate ofPixel is total in region
Number, D are the mean parallax angle of foreground area, and k is projection magnifying power, and D indicates parallax, away from screen distance when L is viewing.
N in formulafIndicate horizontal quantity in foreground area,Indicate the horizontal line length of nth in foreground area.W is
Width angle, W indicate mean breadth, and k is projection magnifying power, away from screen distance when L is viewing.
Each Color Channel is quantified as 16 different values, the quantity of color is reduced 4096 times.Then by RGB sky
Between fill and change into Lab space, obtain the color distance set between the scene area of front and back.dr(r1,r2) it is region r1And r2Between face
Color distance.F (c in formulak,i) indicate i-th of color ck,iIn k-th of region rkAll colours nkThe frequency of middle appearance.d(c1,i,
c2,j) indicate i-th of color and color distance of j-th of color in Lab space in region 2 in region 1.For based on sky
Between the region contrast (c in i.e. objective comfort level model) that weights, Sr(rk,ri) it is region rkWith riBetween space length,
σsControl the intensity of space weight.σsThe influence of more large space weight is smaller, then the influence of background area is more significant.Two regions
Between space length be defined as the Euclidean distance between regional barycenter.Wherein, pixel coordinate is after normalizing as a result, taking
It as shown in table 3, is visual comfort (VC) value corresponding to part Experiment image in table.
The euphorosia angle value of each image of table 3
Step 8 is to analyze three-dimensional depth and apparent range relationship, three-dimensional depth as shown in FIG. 6 and apparent range trend
Figure, Cong Tuzhong observable obtain: the apparent range of human eye perception is largely influenced by three-dimensional depth, but itself and model solution
Obtained three-dimensional depth can numerically have certain discrepancy, therefore by people because this factor brings apparent range meter into
That calculates considers range.And the viewing of stereopsis is experienced since stereoscopic vision comfort level directly reacts viewer, it is also simultaneously
One of the important criteria of evaluating stereoscopic image quality, therefore the present embodiment is anti-because of controlling unit using three-dimensional comfort level as people
During feedback factor brings apparent range quantization into.Model is resolved according to three-dimensional depth and three-dimensional comfort level objectively evaluates mould
The three-dimensional depth (VD) and stereoscopic vision comfort level (VC) of each image pair is calculated in type, exists in conjunction with the view that subjective evaluation and test obtains
The value of distance (GTPD) is analyzed.
Step 9 is to obtain three-dimensional depth, stereoscopic vision comfort level and apparent range three's incidence relation, is calculated first vertical
The difference (dif=GTPD-SD) of body depth and apparent range.As shown in fig. 7, human eye is practical with the increase of visual comfort
Difference between the apparent range of perception and the three-dimensional depth of resolving is constantly reducing, can further analyze three-dimensional comfort level with
Relationship between difference, by establishing scatter plot and obtaining as matched curve such as following formula:
Dif=0.13-0.0353*VC
Step 10, arrangement formula obtain three-dimensional apparent range resolving model and are shown below:
OPD=SD+0.13-0.0353*VC
Step 11, in the present embodiment, commonly uses objective parameter as evaluation index to model estimate value and master using five
The correlation for seeing evaluation of estimate is analyzed, and the apparent range of these images is calculated using model of the present invention, then more corresponding visitor
Perception knows Pearson correlation coefficient of the view of apparent range, corresponding three-dimensional depth and subjective perception between depth measurement
(Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient, PLCC), Kendall related coefficient (Kendall Rank-
Order Correlation Coefficient, KRCC), SROCC related coefficient (SpearmanRank Order
Correlation Coefficient), average absolute value error (Mean Absolute Error, MAE) and root-mean-square error
(Root Mean Squared Error,RMSE).And selected part visual comfort is good and euphorosia in IVY image library
Spend bad image as test set, more corresponding objective perception apparent range, corresponding three-dimensional depth and subjective perception
Depending on the Pearson correlation coefficient between depth measurement, Kendall related coefficient, SROCC related coefficient, average absolute value mistake
Difference and root-mean-square error, the apparent range resolving value for the stereo-picture that result verification the method for the present invention obtains is compared with three-dimensional depth solution
Calculate the apparent range that model result is perceived closer to human eye, better performances.
Claims (1)
1. it is a kind of based on people because three-dimensional apparent range resolve model, it is characterised in that: extract image parallax on the screen, meter
Calculate its three-dimensional depth；Secondly, extracting the area-of-interest of image, its parallactic angle, width angle and front and back scape contrast are obtained, according to
Objective visual comfort resolves model and calculates its comfort level；Then, by subjective experiment, the view of stereo-picture subjective perception is obtained
In distance value；Finally, establishing the three-dimensional depth of resolving and the incidence relation of objective comfort level by subjective measurement value, establishing base
Model is resolved in the apparent range of three-dimensional comfort level；Itself specific steps are as follows:
Screen parallax when step 1, extraction stereo pairs projection, calculates its three-dimensional depth according to the following formula:
Wherein, SD indicates that the three-dimensional depth resolved, e indicate the pupil distance of viewer, often take 6.5cm, and V indicates viewer away from broadcasting
The distance of screen is put, Z indicates the parallax of stereo pairs on screen when broadcasting；
Step 2, the foreground area parallactic angle for respectively obtaining stereo-picture, width angle and front and back scene area contrast, according to the following formula
Calculate its objective visual comfort:
VC (D, w, c)=4.8736-0.7084D+0.1912ln (w) -0.0208Dln (w)+0.0015c2-0.0572c(0.50≤
D≤2.00,0.25≤w≤4.00)
Wherein, D indicates that the parallactic angle of foreground area, w indicate the width angle of foreground area, and c indicates foreground area and background region
Contrast；It is required that parallactic angle, in 0.5 °~2.0 ° of range, width angle is in 0.25 °~4.0 ° of range；VC is objective solid
Visual comfort；
Step 3 carries out subjective experiment to 21 groups of stereo-pictures of real scene shooting, artificially the view of measurement experiment personnel subjective perception away from
From arrangement data obtain statistical average；
The difference dif of step 4, the perception apparent range for calculating every group of image and three-dimensional depth, analyzes the difference and comfort level VC
Relationship, do curve matching and show that linear relationship is as follows:
Dif=0.13-0.0353*VC
Wherein, dif is the difference for perceiving apparent range (GTPD) and three-dimensional depth (SD): dif=GTPD-SD, VC are objective vertical
Body vision comfort level；
Step 5 arranges formula, finally obtains the incidence relation of apparent range, three-dimensional depth and three-dimensional comfort level, obtain view away from
From resolving model:
OPD=SD+0.13-0.0353*VC
In formula, OPD indicates the objective apparent range that model calculates, and SD indicates that the three-dimensional depth of Models computed, VC indicate objective vertical
The comfortable angle value of body vision comfort level Models computed.
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