CN110059895A - Electric appliance demand response Potentials method based on user behavior - Google Patents
Electric appliance demand response Potentials method based on user behavior Download PDFInfo
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses the electric appliance demand response Potentials methods based on user behavior of electric appliance demand response Potentials technical field, the history electricity consumption data collected according to intelligent socket, consider user behavior, equipment electrical characteristics and equipment controllability, calculate the demand response potentiality of electric appliance, the demand response potentiality of electric appliance are measured by minimizing the influence to user equipment use habit, definition method is the same as equipment controllability, then, that predicts based on equipment controllability and in any given period can disappear to calculate the demand response potentiality of electric appliance；The present invention is by the way that under family's energy efficiency management system background, electric appliance demand response Potentials can efficiently accomplish electric appliance only by intelligent socket and use scheduling under the premise of not damaging user power utilization satisfaction, practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric appliance demand response Potentials technical fields, and in particular to the electric appliance demand based on user behavior
Respond Potentials method.
Background technique
With the development of renewable energy, the decline of the controllable power plant's share of tradition, how in user side development demand response
Research hotspot as many scholars.Demand response is intended to use power mode by change terminal user, to cope with power grid demand
The variation of amount.In recent years since, in holding for household energy management system (home energy management systems, HEMS)
Under supervention exhibition, the demand response of electric appliance rank also gradually develops and improves.Therefore, how to define, assess the demand of electric appliance
It is particularly significant to respond potentiality.
The demand response potentiality of electric appliance refer to considering the electric appliance under the premise of not influencing user power utilization satisfaction
When with electrical characteristics, the electric appliance can participate in the potentiality of demand response project.In order to consider environmental factor and social factor, existing hand
Section be all be to obtain experimental data or user to be required to provide specific electric appliance by the approach of questionnaire survey perhaps emulation
Using the time, lacks technology flashlight and solve the problems, such as this.
Some researchers think that different types of electric appliance service condition depends on the interaction of they and environment, so right
Different type electric appliance should take different analysis methods.For example, the service condition of HVAC system is usually and Interior Temperature Environment
It is closely related.It but is extremely difficult and unpractiaca by the research method for analyzing all Related Environmental Factors.Therefore, very
More scholars use the simulation software of for example EnergyPlus etc.In these research work, studied electrical equipment is
It is modeled based on associated environmental factor, therefore, inevitably, needs to install some additional sensings in the environment
Device, such as thermometer etc., this will lead to research cost and greatly promotes, and the practicability of such method is greatly reduced.It is different
The demand response potentiality of electric appliance may be different because of application.For the demand response program for the purpose of frequency modulation, electrical equipment response
Time scale needs reach a minute rank, however in order to guarantee system abundant intensity, response time scale was up to 1 hour.
A few thing has also investigated user behavior, and among these researchs, user behavior is to allow electric appliance to join according to user
It is defined from the preference of demand response, different appliance types.
In short, the demand response potentiality of electric appliance depend not only on device type, with electrical characteristics, also with user behavior, power grid
Demand is closely related.Therefore, before device requirement responds Potentials, device type and user preference should be investigated in advance.
There are two types of main method, i.e., intrusive load prisons for load monitoring (appliance load monitoring, ALM)
Control (ILM) and non-intrusion type load monitoring (NILM).ILM and NILM is also known respectively as distributed sensing and patrilineal line of descent with only one son in each generation sensing method.
Under the background of HEMS, ILM method can be used and obtain, infer device type, this method accuracy with higher.But
Some algorithms used in NILM also can be applied to ILM.These algorithms can be roughly divided into three classes.The first kind mainly includes base
In the method for hidden Markov model (HMM), wherein the consumption process of energy is assumed Markov process, i.e., each time
State on section is only dependent upon the state at neighbouring moment.Second class includes the method based on event detection, these methods are first
ALM is applied to by Hart, this is to start sex work in NILM document.Third class includes the method based on electrical characteristic.
In HEMS, electrical equipment is connected with intelligent socket, and each socket can collect the electricity consumption data of the electric appliance simultaneously
Execute the command signal from HEMS.Gateway provides the interface between utility program (such as load aggregation device) and user, so that
HEMS can receive DR signal.HEMS unit, including built-in PC and communication module can be inferred that being connected to each intelligence inserts
Head apparatus type, and calculate the demand response potentiality of the equipment.When the gateway of HEMS receives DR signal, HEMS unit is by basis
DR signal, electric appliance rank, electric appliance demand response potentiality come determine the participation of which equipment and this how to participate in.But due to
Equipment may not be connected on pre-assigned intelligent socket by user according to original setting, and the demand response potentiality of electric appliance need
Quantization definition.Based on this, the present invention devises the electric appliance demand response Potentials method based on user behavior, above-mentioned to solve
Problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the electric appliance demand response Potentials methods based on user behavior, are based on user's row
To predict with power consumption of electrical appliances, analyze the demand response potentiality of electric appliance, to solve under family's energy efficiency management system background, electric appliance is needed
Ask response Potentials that can efficiently accomplish electric appliance only by intelligent socket under the premise of not damaging user power utilization satisfaction
The problem of using scheduling.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the electric appliance demand response potentiality based on user behavior
Analysis method, the influence of influence and electric operation duration to demand response potentiality including appliance type to demand response potentiality,
According to different appliance types to the percentage contribution of demand response, uncontrollable load can be divided into, load can be postponed and temperature control type is negative
Carry, electric power system dispatching possesses the characteristic of Multiple Time Scales, therefore in order to improve electric network reliability, be as short as several seconds,
Up to the demand response analysis of the different time scales of a few houres, since frequency modulation needs, demand response does not require nothing more than can be shorter
It controlled in time scale, dispatch resource, also support that the stand-by power within 10-30 minutes reserved, the short period scale are
In several seconds to a few minutes, moreover, peak times of power consumption implement off-load and possibly even need to support up to one hour resource, because
This, the demand response Potentials of electric appliance depend not only on power consumption situation, also related with the use duration of electric appliance, the demand of electric appliance
Responding potentiality should be electric appliance opening time tstart, operation duration Δ t, the function of power p, different user, same type electric appliance
Demand response potentiality be often different, show in amplitude and time scale first, thus they may be suitble to it is different
Demand response project, the specific steps are as follows:
The first step, electrical appliance state combination
Household electrical appliance may include various states, and every kind of state may both correspond to different user behaviors, therefore, to not
With state should independent analysis, and the demand response potentiality of electric appliance should be the combination of demand response potentiality under various states, will
Electric appliance is divided into following two categories,
The first kind, periodic duty electric appliances, such as dish-washing machine, computer, washing machine, the periodic duty electric appliances are logical
The a certain state to be worked in various states within any given period often is shown as, and is cut between different states
It changes, most of periodic duty electric appliances belong to multimode, sustained electric appliance, it should be noted that periodic duty electric appliances
It can not work in two states at any time, it is obvious that the demand response potentiality of periodic duty electric appliances should be each
The sum of demand response potentiality under kind state
Second class, fixed work state class electric appliance, also there are many states for some electric appliances, but at runtime they not at this
The working condition for switching between a little states, but being kept fixed, for example, air-conditioning equipment can not be worked in one day in refrigeration mould
Formula and heating mode, for fixed work state class electric appliance, it should their laws of use is summarized, consider, because of the demand of influence
Respond potentiality should be the subset of such electrical appliance state set；Only exist operation, the electric appliance of closing two states also belongs to admittedly
Determine working condition electric appliances, such as desk lamp, bread producing machine etc.；
Second step, the controllability of electrical appliance state
The demand response potentiality of electric appliance are analyzed based on the principle minimized to user power utilization influence degree, electric appliance
Controllability refer under the premise of not reducing the electricity consumption satisfaction of user without prejudice to user intention, can to the electric appliance reality
The control of row state, therefore, electric appliance controllability is based on user behavior；In addition, electric appliance controllability is divided into unlatching controllability
With closing controllability, transferable load, interruptible load that method is similar in other research work are defined；
The unlatching controllability of electric appliance refers to that under the premise of without prejudice to user intention, can the opening time of the electric appliance mention
Preceding or delay, if the operation probability distribution of electric appliance is more concentrated, its unlatching controllability fonIt is lower, for example, certain is used
Family can open television-viewing in a certain set time；It is similar with controllability is opened, if the shut-in time variation of certain electric appliance is smaller,
Then think the closing controllability f of the electric applianceoffIt is lower, for example, certain user may daily can when being away from home a certain set time pass
Close air-conditioning；In short, the unlatching of electric appliance/closing controllability depends on electric appliance unlatching/close moment uncertainty, it is based on electric appliance
Unlatching/shut-in time distribution situation, the unlatching of electric appliance, closing controllability comentropy are defined as follows,
fon=-∫ Ns(t)log2Ns(t)dt
foff=-∫ Ne(t)log2Ne(t)dt
Wherein, NsAnd NeThe distribution for moment and the close moment of respectively bringing into operation；It can based on electric appliance controllability above
Know, if a possibility that unlatching controllability is higher, and this electrical appliance state participates in demand response is also higher, possesses higher fonAnd foff
Electrical appliance state refer respectively to operating status and closed state；It should be noted that a kind of electric appliance can be with or in operation
It state or is in close state or the two haves both at the same time；
Third step, the power consumption prediction of electrical appliance state
The definition of electric appliance demand response potentiality has been basically completed according to the power loss of electric appliance, using the time, for example, if
User's habit is taken a shower before sleep, then water heater can be higher in the power consumption at night, therefore water heater is in the demand response at night
Potentiality can be more much higher than the other times section in one day, and the electrical equipment of same type may correspond to identical user's row
For, for example, refrigerator is uninterrupted operation in 24 hours under normal conditions, and certain electric appliances of different home, it corresponds to different
User behavior, therefore this electric appliances is not suitable for establishing unified personal behavior model.In addition, the correlation matrix pair of electric operation
Also there is important reference value in the demand response potentiality of electric appliance.
Preferably, in given time period, the demand response potentiality of electric appliance and the controllability and power consumption situation of electric appliance are close
Correlation, and should be the demand response potentiality summation of each state in state set, the power consumption situation is by user's behavioral implications；
In this part, the calculating of demand response potentiality will be quantified, the specific steps are as follows:
It is only rough to consider operation and closed state, and the electric operation/pass that had learned that firstly for electrical appliance state
The distribution situation of time is closed as priori knowledge, the computation model of demand response potentiality will be constructed merely with the above content, by electricity
Device operation/closed state distribution situation, predicts the power consumption under electric operation state；
Consider given time period (tstart,tend)∈(0,tmax) interior electrical appliance state i demand response potentiality, which opens
Moment beginning is t, and the t is the specific moment in one day, according to the mean power mean of electric appliancetWith in (tstart,tend) period is in advance
The operation of survey/shut-in time section ET, we predict in (tstart,tend) in the electric appliance power consumption situation, tend-tstartRefer to
It is Period Length, and ET also depends on electric operation/closing distribution situation, wherein ETonIt indicates to be distributed according to operating status pre-
The run the period of survey, EToffIndicate the closing period according to closed state forecast of distribution；
The ETonIt can be estimated by the summation of following four part,
(1) start _ preceding _ terminate _ in
If state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), and in (tstart,tend) during terminate, it is assumed that the continuous working period
Total tl, then in (tstart,tend) in runing time be (tl-(tstart- t)), then in (tstart,tend) interior state i it is pre-
Phase runing time be when operation starts between t function, be expressed as follows,
Wherein, NlFor the distribution of operation duration, so, if state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), then
(tstart,tend) expection runing time be
Expection runing time using identical method, in other available following several situations；
(2) start _ preceding _ terminate _ after
If state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), end at (tend,tmax) during, then being expected runing time is
(3) start _ in _ terminate _ in
If between when operation starts and the end time is all t ∈ (tstart,tend), then being expected runing time is
(4) start _ in _ terminate _ after
If t ∈ (t between when operation startsstart,tend), end time t ∈ (tend,tmax), then being expected runing time is
It similarly, can be by EToffIt is defined as follows,
In household energy management system, electrical equipment is to participate in DR by adjusting its operation/shut-in time, such as
Fruit only has runing time to can control or fonCompare foffIt wants high, illustrates that current state is typical operating status, due to
The shut-in time of electric appliance is difficult to adjust under normal circumstances, so EToffMeaning can not show a candle to ETon；
The demand response potentiality of state i are on the basis of considering electric appliance controllability in given time period (tstart,tend) within
Prediction power consumption, use state i corresponding power predicts that the product of runing time indicates,
If electric operation duration is relatively fixed, the ET predicted is exactly ETonAnd EToffAverage value, this is because this
In the case of ETon≈EToff, conversely, we can think current state or belong to operating status other than such case,
Belong to closed state.
Preferably, described to postpone to be supported on the electricity consumed in given a period of time to be certain, but the electric appliances
Can predict and shift using the time.
Preferably, the uncontrollable load will seriously affect including computer, illumination etc. due to closing these electric appliances
The electricity consumption satisfaction of user, therefore they are difficult to participate in automatic demand response, therefore the demand response of uncontrollable load electric appliances
Potentiality are theoretically lower, but in fact, user can also manually adjust the operation of this electric appliances under the longer background of time scale
State participates in demand response, such as demand response scheduling a few days ago, and in this case uncontrollable load may also possess higher
Demand response potentiality.
This technology is surveyed on REDD (Reference Energy Disaggregation Data Set) data set
Examination, REDD is the power sequence of each electric appliance acquired under home scenarios.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the history electricity consumption number that the present invention is collected according to intelligent socket
According to consideration user behavior, equipment electrical characteristics and equipment controllability calculate the demand response potentiality of electric appliance, pass through minimum pair
User equipment use habit influences to define method to measure the demand response potentiality of electric appliance with equipment controllability, then, be based on
Equipment controllability and that predicts in any given period can disappear to calculate the demand response potentiality of electric appliance, realizes in family's energy
It imitates under management system background, electric appliance demand response Potentials can be under the premise of not damaging user power utilization satisfaction, only
Electric appliance, which is efficiently accomplished, by intelligent socket uses scheduling, it is practical.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, will be described below to embodiment required
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached
Figure.
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is based on the electrical appliance state f of REDDon-foffExample schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the demand response Potential curves schematic diagram of different home electric caldron of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is present device demand response potentiality related coefficient thermal map.
Fig. 4 is that 5 day part device requirement of REDD family of the present invention responds potentiality schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-4 is please referred to, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution: the electric appliance demand response Potentials based on user behavior
Method, the influence of influence and electric operation duration to demand response potentiality including appliance type to demand response potentiality, according to
Different appliance types can be divided into uncontrollable load, can postpone load and temperature control type load, electricity to the percentage contribution of demand response
Force system dispatches the characteristic for possessing Multiple Time Scales, therefore in order to improve electric network reliability, carries out being as short as several seconds, Chang Daji
The demand response analysis of the different time scales of hour, since frequency modulation needs, demand response does not require nothing more than can be in short period ruler
It controlled in degree, dispatch resource, also support that the stand-by power within 10-30 minutes reserved, short period scale are several seconds to rather
In clock, moreover, peak times of power consumption implement off-load and possibly even need to support up to one hour resource, therefore, electric appliance
Demand response Potentials depend not only on power consumption situation, also related with the use duration of electric appliance, the demand response potentiality of electric appliance
It should be electric appliance opening time tstart, operation duration Δ t, the function of power p, the demand sound of different user, same type electric appliance
It answers potentiality to be often different, shows in amplitude and time scale first, therefore they may be suitble to different demand responses
Project, the specific steps are as follows:
The first step, electrical appliance state combination
Household electrical appliance may include various states, and every kind of state may both correspond to different user behaviors, therefore, to not
With state should independent analysis, and the demand response potentiality of electric appliance should be the combination of demand response potentiality under various states, will
Electric appliance is divided into following two categories,
The first kind, periodic duty electric appliances, such as dish-washing machine, computer, washing machine, the usual table of periodic duty electric appliances
It is now a certain state in various states that works within any given period, and is switched between different states,
Most of periodic duty electric appliances belong to multimode, sustained electric appliance, it should be noted that periodic duty electric appliances exist
Any time can not work in two states, it is obvious that the demand response potentiality of periodic duty electric appliances should be various
The sum of demand response potentiality under state
Second class, fixed work state class electric appliance, also there are many states for some electric appliances, but at runtime they not at this
The working condition for switching between a little states, but being kept fixed, for example, air-conditioning equipment can not be worked in one day in refrigeration mould
Formula and heating mode, for fixed work state class electric appliance, it should their laws of use is summarized, consider, because of the demand of influence
Respond potentiality should be the subset of such electrical appliance state set；Only exist operation, the electric appliance of closing two states also belongs to admittedly
Determine working condition electric appliances, such as desk lamp, bread producing machine etc.；
Second step, the controllability of electrical appliance state
The demand response potentiality of electric appliance are analyzed based on the principle minimized to user power utilization influence degree, electric appliance
Controllability refer under the premise of not reducing the electricity consumption satisfaction of user without prejudice to user intention, can to the electric appliance reality
The control of row state, therefore, electric appliance controllability is based on user behavior；In addition, electric appliance controllability is divided into unlatching controllability
With closing controllability, transferable load, interruptible load that method is similar in other research work are defined；
The unlatching controllability of electric appliance refers to that under the premise of without prejudice to user intention, can the opening time of the electric appliance mention
Preceding or delay, if the operation probability distribution of electric appliance is more concentrated, its unlatching controllability fonIt is lower, for example, certain is used
Family can open television-viewing in a certain set time；It is similar with controllability is opened, if the shut-in time variation of certain electric appliance is smaller,
Then think the closing controllability f of the electric applianceoffIt is lower, for example, certain user may daily can when being away from home a certain set time pass
Close air-conditioning；In short, the unlatching of electric appliance/closing controllability depends on electric appliance unlatching/close moment uncertainty, it is based on electric appliance
Unlatching/shut-in time distribution situation, the unlatching of electric appliance, closing controllability comentropy are defined as follows,
fon=-∫ Ns(t)log2Ns(t)dt
foff=-∫ Ne(t)log2Ne(t)dt
Wherein, NsAnd NeThe distribution for moment and the close moment of respectively bringing into operation；It can based on electric appliance controllability above
Know, if a possibility that unlatching controllability is higher, and this electrical appliance state participates in demand response is also higher, possesses higher fonAnd foff
Electrical appliance state refer respectively to operating status and closed state；It should be noted that a kind of electric appliance can be with or in operation
It state or is in close state or the two haves both at the same time；
Third step, the power consumption prediction of electrical appliance state
The definition of electric appliance demand response potentiality has been basically completed according to the power loss of electric appliance, using the time, for example, if
User's habit is taken a shower before sleep, then water heater can be higher in the power consumption at night, therefore water heater is in the demand response at night
Potentiality can be more much higher than the other times section in one day, and the electrical equipment of same type may correspond to identical user's row
For, for example, refrigerator is uninterrupted operation in 24 hours under normal conditions, and certain electric appliances of different home, it corresponds to different
User behavior, therefore this electric appliances is not suitable for establishing unified personal behavior model.In addition, the correlation matrix pair of electric operation
Also there is important reference value in the demand response potentiality of electric appliance.
Wherein, in given time period, the demand response potentiality and the close phase of controllability and power consumption situation of electric appliance of electric appliance
It closes, and should be the demand response potentiality summation of each state in state set, power consumption situation is by user's behavioral implications；At this
Part will quantify the calculating of demand response potentiality, the specific steps are as follows:
It is only rough to consider operation and closed state, and the electric operation/pass that had learned that firstly for electrical appliance state
The distribution situation of time is closed as priori knowledge, the computation model of demand response potentiality will be constructed merely with the above content, by electricity
Device operation/closed state distribution situation, predicts the power consumption under electric operation state；
Consider given time period (tstart,tend)∈(0,tmax) interior electrical appliance state i demand response potentiality, which opens
Moment beginning is t, and t is the specific moment in one day, according to the mean power mean of electric appliancetWith in (tstart,tend) period prediction
Operation/shut-in time section ET, we predict in (tstart,tend) in the electric appliance power consumption situation, tend-tstartWhen referring to
Segment length, and ET also depends on electric operation/closing distribution situation, wherein ETonIt indicates according to operating status forecast of distribution
Run the period, EToffIndicate the closing period according to closed state forecast of distribution；
ETonIt can be estimated by the summation of following four part,
(1) start _ preceding _ terminate _ in
If state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), and in (tstart,tend) during terminate, it is assumed that the continuous working period
Total tl, then in (tstart,tend) in runing time be (tl-(tstart- t)), then in (tstart,tend) interior state i it is pre-
Phase runing time be when operation starts between t function, be expressed as follows,
Wherein, NlFor the distribution of operation duration, so, if state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), then
(tstart,tend) expection runing time be
Expection runing time using identical method, in other available following several situations；
(2) start _ preceding _ terminate _ after
If state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), end at (tend,tmax) during, then being expected runing time is
(3) start _ in _ terminate _ in
If between when operation starts and the end time is all t ∈ (tstart,tend), then being expected runing time is
(4) start _ in _ terminate _ after
If t ∈ (t between when operation startsstart,tend), end time t ∈ (tend,tmax), then being expected runing time is
It similarly, can be by EToffIt is defined as follows,
In household energy management system, electrical equipment is to participate in DR by adjusting its operation/shut-in time, such as
Fruit only has runing time to can control or fonCompare foffIt wants high, illustrates that current state is typical operating status, due to
The shut-in time of electric appliance is difficult to adjust under normal circumstances, so EToffMeaning can not show a candle to ETon；
The demand response potentiality of state i are on the basis of considering electric appliance controllability in given time period (tstart,tend) within
Prediction power consumption, use state i corresponding power predicts that the product of runing time indicates,
If electric operation duration is relatively fixed, the ET predicted is exactly ETonAnd EToffAverage value, this is because this
In the case of ETon≈EToff, conversely, we can think current state or belong to operating status other than such case,
Belong to closed state.
It can postpone to be supported on the electricity consumed in given a period of time to be certain, but the electric appliances is using the time
It can predict and shift.
Uncontrollable load will seriously affect the electricity consumption of user due to closing these electric appliances including computer, illumination etc.
Satisfaction, therefore they are difficult to participate in automatic demand response, therefore the demand response potentiality of uncontrollable load electric appliances are theoretically
It is lower, but in fact, user can also manually adjust the operating status of this electric appliances to participate under the longer background of time scale
Demand response, such as demand response scheduling a few days ago, uncontrollable load may also possess higher demand response in this case
Potentiality.
One concrete application of the present embodiment are as follows:, can according to user behavior, the power consumption situation of electric appliance, demand response target
To obtain the demand response potentiality of electric appliance.The acquisition of appliance type and user behavior is as support technology.It is received according to intelligent socket
The history electricity consumption data of collection considers user behavior, equipment electrical characteristics and equipment controllability, and the demand response for calculating electric appliance is latent
Power measures the demand response potentiality of electric appliance by minimizing the influence to user equipment use habit, defines the same equipment of method
Controllability, then, capable of disappearing for predicting based on equipment controllability and in any given period are latent to calculate the demand response of electric appliance
Power.
Priori knowledge one of of the appliance type in this as demand response Potentials.According to different appliance types to demand
The percentage contribution of response can divide them into following three kinds: uncontrollable load can postpone load and temperature control type load.It can prolong
It is certain for being supported on the electricity consumed in given a period of time late, but the electric appliances is that can predict and turn using the time
It moves.The common load that postpones includes electric car, dish-washing machine, micro-wave oven etc..And common temperature control type load include air-conditioning,
Refrigerator, heater etc..These two types of electric appliances, which are obviously more suitable, participates in demand response.It include computer, illumination without controllable load
Deng including, the electricity consumption satisfaction of user will be seriously affected due to closing these electric appliances, they are difficult to participate in automatic demand
Response.Therefore the demand response potentiality of this electric appliances are theoretically lower.But in fact, being used under the longer background of time scale
Family can also manually adjust the operating status of this electric appliances to participate in demand response, such as demand response scheduling a few days ago, this feelings
Uncontrollable load may also possess higher demand response potentiality under condition.
Electric power system dispatching possesses the characteristic of Multiple Time Scales, therefore in order to improve electric network reliability, is as short as
Several seconds, up to a few houres different time scales demand response analysis.Since frequency modulation needs, demand response does not require nothing more than can be
It controlled (in several seconds to a few minutes) in short period scale, dispatch resource, also support the standby function within 10-30 minutes reserved
Rate.Moreover, peak times of power consumption implement the resource support that off-load possibly even needs to be up to one hour.Therefore, the need of electric appliance
Response Potentials are asked to depend not only on power consumption situation, it is also related with the use duration of electric appliance.For example, washing machine, dish-washing machine, dry
The operating time of the electric appliances such as clothing machine, water heater is usually 45 to 90 minutes, it means that this electric appliances can be when various different
Between participate in demand response in scale.However, for example electric appliance of micro-wave oven one kind, usual operating time was between 3 to 10 minutes, and function
Rate up to even more than 1400W.Therefore, this electric appliances, which is more suitable, participates in the shorter demand response of time scale.The need of electric appliance
Seeking response potentiality should be electric appliance opening time tstart, operation duration Δ t, the function of power Δ t.Different user, same type
The demand response potentiality of electric appliance are often different, and are shown in amplitude and time scale first, therefore they may be suitble to not
Same demand response project.By the electric caldron demand response Potential curves of family 4 and 6 it is known that the power consumption of 4 electric caldron of family
Situation is relatively bigger from the point of view of long period scale, therefore is more suitable for the longer electric appliance scheduling of time scale；And 6 electric caldron of family
On the contrary, being more suitable for the shorter electric appliance scheduling of time scale.
For the controllability of electrical appliance state, electrical appliance state f is drawnon-foffFigure, it can be found that most of electrical appliance states are all located
Position near diagonal line, the diagonal line electric appliance below known to analyzing above are more suitable for carrying out closing control.It can be seen that for
Different user, electric appliance controllability are different；If being carried out the scheduling controlling of electric appliance only in accordance with appliance type, power consumption, very
It is possible that the electricity consumption satisfaction of user can be reduced.
Power consumption prediction for electrical appliance state.By above it is found that herein according to the power loss of electric appliance, basic using the time
Complete the definition of electric appliance demand response potentiality.For example, water heater is at night if user's habit is taken a shower before sleep
Power consumption can be higher, thus water heater the demand response potentiality at night can be more much higher than the other times section in one day.It is identical
The electrical equipment of type may correspond to identical user behavior.For example, refrigerator is to run without interruption for 24 hours under normal conditions
, and certain electric appliances of different home, as the operation curve of electric caldron and dish-washing machine may difference it is huge, namely correspond to difference
User behavior, therefore this electric appliances is not suitable for establishing unified personal behavior model.
In addition, the correlation matrix of electric operation also has important reference value for the demand response potentiality of electric appliance.
User behavior corresponding to dish-washing machine is typically different than HVAC system, this electric appliances is more suitable for introducing temporal characteristics amount.
The calculating of demand response potentiality is carried out to electric appliance day part in REDD family, it can be seen that because user is accustomed to
Air-conditioning sleep is open at night, the demand response potentiality of the period air-conditioning equipment are higher；Since air-conditioning is a kind of typical temperature control
Equipment, therefore it is well suited for participating in demand response project.Curve is caused to exist due to the use of electric heater for 6 points or so in the morning
It carves at this time and has showed spike, therefore electric heater is more suitable for participating in the short schedule item of time scale, such as responds according to demand
Signal changes the starting time.And in the afternoon the period due to entire family only have two equipment be in operation and demand response potential value
It is lower, therefore the period is unsuitable for participating in demand response project.Electric car is that one kind can typically postpone to load, therefore show
Higher electric appliance demand response potentiality out.In addition, by curve it is found that the lighting apparatus demand response potential value of the family also compared with
Height, but since lighting apparatus belongs to uncontrollable equipment without being adapted to participate in schedule item.In this case, HEMS drum can be passed through
User is encouraged to be finely adjusted the use of such equipment.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " one embodiment ", " example ", " specific example " etc. means
Particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with this embodiment or example are contained at least one implementation of the invention
In example or example.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms may not refer to the same embodiment or example.
Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in any one or more of the embodiments or examples to close
Suitable mode combines.
Present invention disclosed above preferred embodiment is only intended to help to illustrate the present invention.There is no detailed for preferred embodiment
All details are described, are not limited the invention to the specific embodiments described.Obviously, according to the content of this specification,
It can make many modifications and variations.These embodiments are chosen and specifically described to this specification, is in order to better explain the present invention
Principle and practical application, so that skilled artisan be enable to better understand and utilize the present invention.The present invention is only
It is limited by claims and its full scope and equivalent.
Claims (4)
1. the electric appliance demand response Potentials method based on user behavior, the influence including appliance type to demand response potentiality
Influence with electric operation duration to demand response potentiality, which is characterized in that the tribute according to different appliance types to demand response
Degree is offered, uncontrollable load can be divided into, load and temperature control type load can be postponed, electric power system dispatching possesses Multiple Time Scales
Characteristic, therefore in order to improve electric network reliability, it carries out being as short as several seconds, be rung up to the demand of the different time scales of a few houres
It should analyze, since frequency modulation needs, demand response, which does not require nothing more than, can control in short period scale, dispatch resource, also support pre-
Staying the stand-by power within 10-30 minutes, the short period scale is in several seconds to a few minutes, moreover, peak of power consumption
Phase implements off-load and possibly even needs to support that therefore, the demand response Potentials of electric appliance not only take up to one hour resource
Also related with the use duration of electric appliance certainly in power consumption situation, the demand response potentiality of electric appliance should be electric appliance opening time tstart,
Operation duration Δ t, the function of power p, different user, same type electric appliance demand response potentiality be often different, first
It shows in amplitude and time scale, therefore they may be suitble to different demand response projects, the specific steps are as follows:
The first step, electrical appliance state combination
Household electrical appliance may include various states, and every kind of state may both correspond to different user behaviors, therefore, to different shapes
State should independent analysis, and the demand response potentiality of electric appliance should be the combination of demand response potentiality under various states, by electric appliance
It is divided into following two categories,
The first kind, periodic duty electric appliances, such as dish-washing machine, computer, washing machine, the usual table of periodic duty electric appliances
It is now a certain state in various states that works within any given period, and is switched between different states,
Most of periodic duty electric appliances belong to multimode, sustained electric appliance, it should be noted that periodic duty electric appliances exist
Any time can not work in two states, it is obvious that the demand response potentiality of periodic duty electric appliances should be various
The sum of demand response potentiality under state
Second class, fixed work state class electric appliance, also there are many states for some electric appliances, but at runtime they not in these shapes
The working condition for switching between state, but being kept fixed, for example, air-conditioning equipment can not work in one day in refrigeration mode and
Heating mode, for fixed work state class electric appliance, it should their laws of use is summarized, consider, because influencing demand response
Potentiality should be such electrical appliance state set subset；Only exist operation, the electric appliance of closing two states also belongs to regular worker
Make state electric appliances, such as desk lamp, bread producing machine etc.；
Second step, the controllability of electrical appliance state
The demand response potentiality of electric appliance are analyzed based on the principle minimized to user power utilization influence degree, electric appliance can
Can control property refers under the premise of not reducing the electricity consumption satisfaction of user without prejudice to user intention, carry out shape to the electric appliance
State control, therefore, electric appliance controllability is based on user behavior；Controllability and pass are opened in addition, electric appliance controllability is divided into
Controllability is closed, transferable load, interruptible load that method is similar in other research work are defined；
The unlatching controllability of electric appliance refers under the premise of without prejudice to user intention, opening time of the electric appliance can in advance or
Person's delay, if the operation probability distribution of electric appliance is more concentrated, its unlatching controllability fonIt is lower, for example, certain user's meeting
Television-viewing is opened in a certain set time；It is similar with controllability is opened, if the shut-in time variation of certain electric appliance is smaller, recognize
For the closing controllability f of the electric applianceoffIt is lower, for example, certain user can may close sky when being away from home a certain set time daily
It adjusts；In short, the unlatching of electric appliance/closing controllability depends on electric appliance unlatching/close moment uncertainty, opened based on electric appliance
Open/the distribution situation of shut-in time, the unlatching of electric appliance is closed controllability comentropy and is defined as follows,
fon=-∫ Ns(t)log2Ns(t)dt
foff=-∫ Ne(t)log2Ne(t)dt
Wherein, NsAnd NeThe distribution for moment and the close moment of respectively bringing into operation；Based on electric appliance controllability above it is found that such as
A possibility that fruit unlatching controllability is higher, and this electrical appliance state participates in demand response is also higher, possesses higher fonAnd foffElectric appliance
State refers respectively to operating status and closed state；It should be noted that a kind of electric appliance can with otherwise it is in operating status, want
It is in close state or the two haves both at the same time；
Third step, the power consumption prediction of electrical appliance state
The definition of electric appliance demand response potentiality is basically completed according to the power loss of electric appliance, using the time, for example, if user
Habit is taken a shower before sleep, then water heater can be higher in the power consumption at night, therefore water heater is in the demand response potentiality at night
Can be more much higher than the other times section in one day, the electrical equipment of same type may correspond to identical user behavior, example
Such as, refrigerator is uninterrupted operation in 24 hours under normal conditions, and certain electric appliances of different home, corresponds to different user's rows
For, therefore this electric appliances is not suitable for establishing unified personal behavior model.In addition, the correlation matrix of electric operation is for electric appliance
Demand response potentiality also there is important reference value.
2. the electric appliance demand response Potentials method according to claim 1 based on user behavior, which is characterized in that
In given time period, the demand response potentiality of electric appliance and the controllability and power consumption situation of electric appliance are closely related, and should be shapes
The demand response potentiality summation of each state in state set, the power consumption situation is by user's behavioral implications；In this part, will quantify
The calculating of demand response potentiality, the specific steps are as follows:
It is only rough to consider operation and closed state firstly for electrical appliance state, and will have learned that electric operation/closing when
Between distribution situation as priori knowledge, the computation model of demand response potentiality will be constructed merely with the above content, will be transported by electric appliance
The distribution situation of row/closed state predicts the power consumption under electric operation state；
Consider given time period (tstart,tend)∈(0,tmax) interior electrical appliance state i demand response potentiality, at the beginning of the state
Carving is t, and the t is the specific moment in one day, according to the mean power mean of electric appliancetWith in (tstart,tend) period prediction
Operation/shut-in time section ET, we predict in (tstart,tend) in the electric appliance power consumption situation, tend-tstartWhen referring to
Segment length, and ET also depends on electric operation/closing distribution situation, wherein ETonIt indicates according to operating status forecast of distribution
Run the period, EToffIndicate the closing period according to closed state forecast of distribution；
The ETonIt can be estimated by the summation of following four part,
(1) start _ preceding _ terminate _ in
If state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), and in (tstart,tend) during terminate, it is assumed that continuous working period total tl,
So in (tstart,tend) in runing time be (tl-(tstart- t)), then in (tstart,tend) interior state i expected fortune
The row time be when operation starts between t function, be expressed as follows,
Wherein, NlFor the distribution of operation duration, so, if state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), then in (tstart,
tend) expection runing time be
Expection runing time using identical method, in other available following several situations；
(2) start _ preceding _ terminate _ after
If state i time started t ∈ (0, tstart), end at (tend,tmax) during, then being expected runing time is
(3) start _ in _ terminate _ in
If between when operation starts and the end time is all t ∈ (tstart,tend), then being expected runing time is
(4) start _ in _ terminate _ after
If t ∈ (t between when operation startsstart,tend), end time t ∈ (tend,tmax), then being expected runing time is
It similarly, can be by EToffIt is defined as follows,
In household energy management system, electrical equipment is to participate in DR by adjusting its operation/shut-in time, if only
Runing time can control or fonCompare foffIt wants high, illustrates that current state is typical operating status, due to electric appliance
Shut-in time be difficult to adjust under normal circumstances, so EToffMeaning can not show a candle to ETon；
The demand response potentiality of state i are on the basis of considering electric appliance controllability in given time period (tstart,tend) within it is pre-
Measurement of power consumption, use state i corresponding power predict that the product of runing time indicates,
If electric operation duration is relatively fixed, the ET predicted is exactly ETonAnd EToffAverage value, this is because such case
Lower ETon≈EToff, conversely, other than such case, we can think current state otherwise belong to operating status or
Belong to closed state.
3. the electric appliance demand response Potentials method according to claim 1 based on user behavior, it is characterised in that: institute
State can postpone to be supported on the electricity consumed in given a period of time be it is certain, but the electric appliances be using the time can be pre-
It surveys and shifts.
4. the electric appliance demand response Potentials method according to claim 1 based on user behavior, it is characterised in that: institute
Uncontrollable load is stated including computer, illumination etc., the electricity consumption satisfaction of user will be seriously affected due to closing these electric appliances,
Therefore they are difficult to participate in automatic demand response, therefore the demand response potentiality of uncontrollable load electric appliances are theoretically lower, but
In fact, user can also manually adjust the operating status of this electric appliances to participate in demand and ring under the longer background of time scale
It answers, such as demand response scheduling a few days ago, uncontrollable load may also possess higher demand response potentiality in this case.
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