CN110059401A - A kind of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method - Google Patents
A kind of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing methods, comprising: initialization step, iterative step, comprising: (21), obtains the intermediate collection of i-th iteration, wherein the value range of i is positive integer；(22), the indexed set and supported collection of i-th iteration are updated；(23), impulse response calculation is worth according to a preliminary estimate；(24), all elements value that impulse response is worth according to a preliminary estimate is sequentially sorted by size, estimated value of the K big value as current iteration underwater acoustic channel time domain impulse response before choosing；(25) secondary update indexed set and supported collection；(26), residual error is updated；(27) position vector is updated.Ofdm system underwater acoustic channel estimation method of the invention reduces calculation amount firstly, updating in residual error step using the supported collection of optimization.Next makes the column in sensing matrix less than dynamic threshold be not involved in the inner product operation of next iterative process, finally realizes high accuracy to reduce inner product operation number, the underwater acoustic channel of low complex degree is estimated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of underwater acoustic communication, specifically, being related to a kind of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response
Reconstructing method.
Background technique
Underwater sound communication propagation loss is small, long transmission distance, is current most widely used subsurface communication mode.However, water
Sound communication there are available bandwidths it is low, propagation delay is big the problems such as.Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing, OFDM) channel is divided into several orthogonal sub-channels and carries out information transmission, improved by technology
The availability of frequency spectrum and transmission rate.Channel estimation technique in ofdm system can estimate channel state information (Channel
State Information, CSI), to improve the accuracy of receiving end data demodulation.But it due to underwater environment complexity, passes
The channel estimation technique based on pilot tone of system needs to be inserted into a large amount of pilot frequency informations in transmitting terminal to guarantee the accuracy of channel estimation,
Cause frequency spectrum resource serious waste.In recent years, the compressed sensing (Compressing proposed by the scholars such as Candes and Donoho
Sensing, CS) channel of theoretical scholars' demonstration such as with Basaran has sparsity, illustrate that compressed sensing can be used for channel and estimate
Meter, to solve the problems, such as to be inserted into tradition LS channel estimation, pilot number is excessive, the availability of frequency spectrum is low.
Restructing algorithm is the core of compressed sensing, has vital work to the quality for guaranteeing reconstruct sparse signal
With.In complicated underwater acoustic channel estimation, the base based on convex optimization class tracks (BP) algorithm and based on the orthogonal of greedy Class of Iterative
Match tracing (OMP) algorithm is used widely, and still, BP algorithm theory complexity is higher, is not particularly suited for wanting real-time
Ask higher underwater acoustic channel to estimate, although and OMP algorithm calculates simple, it can not be rejected in supported collection in an iterative process
Selected atom, therefore lack the theoretical of reconstruct correctness and guarantee.Compression sampling match tracing (CoSaMP) algorithm is in OMP algorithm base
Introduce backtracking thought on plinth, when each iteration can all reject the poor atom in supported collection, ensure that the correctness of reconstruct, west
Northern polytechnical university Ran Maohua et al. has carried out the channel estimation emulation of CoSaMP algorithm based on lake examination channel, it was demonstrated that the algorithm
High reliability.But due to the long time delay characteristic of shallow sea multipath channel, so that the calculation matrix columns of compression channel estimation increases
Add, considerably increase the calculation amount of CoSaMP algorithm, be unfavorable for the real-time Transmission of underwater information, and have numerous studies for this two
Kind restructing algorithm or its innovatory algorithm are optimized.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is computationally intensive for existing underwater acoustic channel algorithm for estimating, leads to the technical problem of real-time communication difference,
A kind of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method is proposed, can solve the above problem.
For achieving the above object, the present invention, which adopts the following technical solutions, is achieved:
A kind of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method, comprising the following steps:
Initialization step, comprising: initialization residual error r0, indexed set Ω0, supported collection Λ0With position vector v0, set iteration
Number K, wherein position vector v0For the vector of a line multiple row, columns is consistent with the columns of sensing matrix A, and K is positive integer；
Iterative step, comprising:
(21), it obtains the intermediate of i-th iteration and collects J, wherein the value range of i is positive integer；
The acquisition methods of centre collection J are as follows:
The element in the inner product of i-th iteration, acquisition methods are obtained first are as follows:
(211), position vector v is judged by columni-1In each element value, if s column element be not zero, calculate biography
Feel the s column and residual error r in matrix Ai-1Inner product ui(s), if the element of s column is zero, the column is skipped and do not calculate inner product, ui
(s) calculation method is as follows:
ui(s)=< ri-1,as>；
Wherein, asFor the s column element of sensing matrix A,
(212), when first time iteration, i.e. i=1, from interior product matrix uiIn find out before the big inner product of 2K, in the part
The intermediate collection J of location index composition in the corresponding sensing matrix A of product；As i > 1, first from interior product matrix uiIn find out
Preceding 2K big inner product, then with the maximum inner product u in this 2K inner productmax1/2 on the basis of, found out from the 2K inner product
Value is greater than umax/ 2 inner product, location index composition in sensing matrix A corresponding to the partial inner product is intermediate to collect J；
(22), the indexed set Ω of i-th iteration is updatediWith supported collection Λi:
Refer to that index value is Ω in sensing matrix AiColumn composition set；
(23), the value h ' according to a preliminary estimate of impulse response calculation:
H '=(Λi TΛi)-1ΛiyP；
yPPilot frequency information is tieed up for p received by receiving end × 1, is known vector；
(24), all elements value in h ' is sequentially sorted by size, K big value is believed as the current iteration underwater sound before choosing
The estimated value of road time domain impulse response:
The estimated value of kth iteration underwater acoustic channel time domain impulse response is that the ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse reconstructed is rung
Answer estimated value；
(25), willThe location index of the corresponding sensing matrix A of middle K value is assigned to indexed set Ω againi, this K is worth
The column of corresponding sensing matrix A are assigned to supported collection Λ againi；
(26), residual error is updated:
Wherein, ΛiKAre as follows: by interior product matrix uiIn all inner products sort and therefrom find out the big inner product of preceding K, in the part
The matrix of product column composition corresponding in sensing matrix A is ΛiK；
(27), position vector v is updatedi: setting dynamic threshold Ci, by interior product matrix uiIn each inner product respectively with dynamic gate
Limit CiIt is compared, for interior product matrix uiIntermediate value is greater than dynamic threshold CiInner product, position vector viIn it is corresponding with the inner product
Element value be set as 1, for interior product matrix uiIntermediate value is not more than dynamic threshold CiInner product, position vector viIn with the inner product phase
Corresponding element value is set as 0.
Further, the dynamic threshold CiCalculation method are as follows:
Ci=β mean (ui), wherein β is adaptive factor, is setting value.
Further, in iterative step, as i=K or residual error riModulus value norm (ri) < 10-3When stop iteration.
Further, initialized location vector v0In whole element values be 1.
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse of the invention
Reconstructing method is responded, firstly, the average value by introducing inner product vectors as dynamic threshold, makes to be less than dynamic gate in sensing matrix
The column of limit are not involved in the inner product operation of next iterative process, to reduce inner product operation number.It is used in residual error step secondly, updating
The supported collection Λ of optimizationiK, finally realize the underwater acoustic channel estimation of high accuracy, low complex degree.
After a specific embodiment of the invention is read in conjunction with the figure, the other features and advantages of the invention will become more clear
Chu.
Detailed description of the invention
It to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, for this field
For those of ordinary skill, without creative efforts, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment block diagram of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel estimation method proposed by the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to drawings and examples,
Invention is further described in detail.
Embodiment one, the communications field, needs to estimate channel state information first, to improve receiving end data demodulation under water
Accuracy, the calculation amount and accuracy of underwater acoustic channel estimation directly affect the real-time and accuracy rate of communication.Underwater acoustic channel
The core of estimation is: estimating as far as possible using the channel estimation methods of low complex degree are high-precision in underwater acoustic channel time domain impulse
Response, signal is calculated with underwater acoustic channel time domain impulse response based on the received for receiving end, and corresponding send can be obtained and believe
Number.In underwater acoustic channel estimation method, P pilot signal of radom insertion first in the N number of subcarrier of transmitting terminal, pilot transmission
Matrix form are as follows:
yp=XpFpH=Ah
Wherein, ypThe p received for receiving end × 1 ties up pilot frequency information, XpIt is inserted for transmitting terminal according to pilot frequency locations selection matrix
P × p dimension the pilot matrix entered, FpFor part DFT (Fourier in short-term) transformation matrix of p × L dimension, A=XpFpFor sensing matrix.p
× p dimension pilot matrix is it is known that the dimension of p × 1 that this programme is received according to known p × p dimension pilot matrix and receiving end is led
Frequency information ypUnderwater acoustic channel is estimated.
How receiving end is according to the pilot frequency information y receivedpIt is more quick using DW-CoSaMP algorithm with sensing matrix A
Unknown underwater acoustic channel time domain impulse response h is reconstructed, is the technical problems to be solved by the invention.
The present embodiment proposes a kind of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method, comprising the following steps:
Initialization step, comprising: initialization residual error r0, indexed set Ω0, supported collection Λ0With position vector v0, set iteration
Number K, wherein position vector v0For the vector of a line multiple row, columns is consistent with the columns of sensing matrix A, and K is positive integer；
Wherein, initial indexed set Ω0With supported collection Λ0It is empty set.
Iterative step, comprising:
S21, the intermediate collection J for obtaining i-th iteration, wherein the value range of i is positive integer；
The acquisition methods of centre collection J are as follows:
The element in the inner product of i-th iteration, acquisition methods are obtained first are as follows:
S211, position vector v is judged by columni-1In each element value, if s column element be not zero, calculate sensing
S column and residual error r in matrix Ai-1Inner product ui(s), if the element of s column is zero, the column is skipped and do not calculate inner product, ui
(s) calculation method is as follows:
ui(s)=< ri-1,as>；
Wherein, asFor the s column element of sensing matrix A,
S212, when first time iteration, i.e. i=1, from interior product matrix uiIn find out before the big inner product of 2K, in the part
The intermediate collection J of location index composition in the corresponding sensing matrix A of product；As i > 1, first from interior product matrix uiIn find out before
2K big inner product, then with the maximum inner product u in this 2K inner productmax1/2 on the basis of, find out value from the 2K inner product
Greater than umax/ 2 inner product, location index composition in sensing matrix A corresponding to the partial inner product is intermediate to collect J；Calculate intermediate collection
Location index in the sensing matrix A for the condition that meets is constituted set J, updates index by the weak selection criteria of method namely atom of J
Collection and supported collection.It introduces the weak selection criteria of atom and optimizes supported collection, can solve CoSaMP algorithm supported collection asking there are redundancy
Topic finally realizes the underwater acoustic channel estimation of high accuracy, low complex degree.
From interior product matrix uiIn find out before the big inner product of 2K refer to, by interior product matrix uiIn all inner product values according to big
Small sequence sequence, 2K big inner product before finding out.
S22, the indexed set Ω for updating i-th iterationiWith supported collection Λi:
Refer to that index value is Ω in sensing matrix AiElement composition set；
S23, impulse response calculation value h ' according to a preliminary estimate:
H '=(Λi TΛi)-1ΛiyP；
yPPilot frequency information is tieed up for p received by receiving end × 1, is known matrix；
S24, all elements value in h ' is sequentially sorted by size, K big value is believed as the current iteration underwater sound before choosing
The estimated value of road time domain impulse response: first selecting preceding 2K big inner product values, K big inner product values before reselection, and inner product value is got over
The big degree of correlation is bigger, has weeded out the lesser rear K value of the degree of correlation, the method achieve elements in supported collection in iterative process
Addition and rejecting, preferably optimize supported collection, and then can be improved estimated accuracy.
The estimated value of kth iteration underwater acoustic channel time domain impulse response is that the ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse reconstructed is rung
Answer estimated value；
S25, generalThe location index of the corresponding sensing matrix A of middle K value is assigned to indexed set Ω againi, this K is worth
The column of corresponding sensing matrix A are assigned to supported collection Λ againi；
S26, residual error is updated:
Wherein, ΛiKAre as follows: by interior product matrix uiIn all inner products sort and therefrom find out the big inner product of preceding K, in the part
The matrix of product column composition corresponding in sensing matrix A is ΛiK；
S27, position vector v is updatedi: setting dynamic threshold Ci, by interior product matrix uiIn each inner product respectively with dynamic threshold
CiIt is compared, for interior product matrix uiIntermediate value is greater than dynamic threshold CiInner product, position vector viIn it is corresponding with the inner product
Element value is set as 1, for interior product matrix uiIntermediate value is not more than dynamic threshold CiInner product, position vector viIn it is opposite with the inner product
The element value answered is set as 0.
Dynamic threshold CiCalculation method are as follows:
Ci=β mean (ui), wherein β is adaptive factor, is setting value.By introducing inner product vectors in this programme
Average value makes the column in sensing matrix less than dynamic threshold be not involved in the inner product operation of next iterative process as dynamic threshold,
To reduce inner product operation number.
To coordinate the relationship between the algorithm accuracy and complexity, adaptive factor β is added to dynamic threshold, keeps it full
The requirement of foot difference reconstruction property.
In iterative step, as i=K or residual error riModulus value norm (ri) < 10-3When stop iteration.
Initialized location vector v0In whole element values be 1.
In order to verify this method, underwater acoustic channel model, design parameter are established using BELLHOP software in the present embodiment are as follows:
Channel length L=100, degree of rarefication K=7.
OFDM underwater sound communication system model is established in emulation, which is CP-OFDM system, and cyclic prefix is greater than underwater acoustic channel
Maximum delay, sub-carrier number N=512, using 16QAM modulation system.
Channel estimation is carried out by receiving end, adjusts the adaptive factor β of dynamic threshold, if pilot sub-carrier number is 28,
Inserted mode be radom insertion pilot tone, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)=10, according to the mean square error performance of reconstruct select suitable β value for
0.3.Mean square error is expressed as:
Wherein, M=1000 is Monte-Carlo Simulation number.
Analyze the mean square error and bit error rate situation of DW-CoSaMP algorithm and the reconstruct of CoSaMP, OMP algorithm, it is assumed that underwater
Noise is the white Gaussian noise of low signal-to-noise ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio section is [0dB-30dB], is divided into 5 signal-to-noise ratio points, the bit error rate
Situation is as shown in table 1, the results showed that DW-CoSaMP algorithm possesses lower bit error rate performance under low signal-to-noise ratio, it was demonstrated that should
Algorithm has higher estimated accuracy.
Table 1
Simulation analysis DW-CoSaMP algorithm and CoSaMP algorithm with the OFDM symbol of transmission increase inner product operation number with
Supported collection atomic quantity situation, as shown in table 2, the results showed that, the inner product operation number and supported collection atom of DW-CoSaMP algorithm
Number is less, and be more obvious with increase its negligible amounts for sending symbol, it was demonstrated that the algorithm has lower computation complexity.
Table 2
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than is limited；Although referring to aforementioned reality
Applying example, invention is explained in detail, for those of ordinary skill in the art, still can be to aforementioned implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these are modified or replace
It changes, the spirit and scope for claimed technical solution of the invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method, which comprises the following steps:
Initialization step, comprising: initialization residual error r0, indexed set Ω0, supported collection Λ0With position vector v0, the number of iterations K is set,
Wherein position vector v0For the vector of a line multiple row, columns is consistent with the columns of sensing matrix A, and K is positive integer；
Iterative step, comprising:
(21), it obtains the intermediate of i-th iteration and collects J, wherein the value range of i is positive integer；
The acquisition methods of centre collection J are as follows:
The element in the inner product of i-th iteration, acquisition methods are obtained first are as follows:
(211), position vector v is judged by columni-1In each element value, if s column element be not zero, calculate sensing square
S column and residual error r in battle array Ai-1Inner product ui(s), if the element of s column is zero, the column is skipped and do not calculate inner product, ui(s)
Calculation method it is as follows:
ui(s)=< ri-1,as>；
Wherein, asFor the s column element of sensing matrix A,
(212), when first time iteration, i.e. i=1, from interior product matrix uiIn find out before the big inner product of 2K, the partial inner product institute
The intermediate collection J of location index composition in corresponding sensing matrix A；As i > 1, first from interior product matrix uiIn find out preceding 2K
Big inner product, then with the maximum inner product u in this 2K inner productmax1/2 on the basis of, it is big that value is found out from the 2K inner product
In umax/ 2 inner product, location index composition in sensing matrix A corresponding to the partial inner product is intermediate to collect J；
(22), the indexed set Ω of i-th iteration is updatediWith supported collection Λi:
Refer to that index value is Ω in sensing matrix AiColumn composition set；
(23), the value h ' according to a preliminary estimate of impulse response calculation:
H '=(Λi TΛi)-1ΛiyP；
yPPilot frequency information is tieed up for p received by receiving end × 1, is known vector；
(24), all elements value in h ' is sequentially sorted by size, when K big value is as current iteration underwater acoustic channel before choosing
The estimated value of domain impulse response:
The estimated value of kth iteration underwater acoustic channel time domain impulse response is that the ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructed is estimated
Evaluation；
(25), willThe location index of the corresponding sensing matrix A of middle K value is assigned to indexed set Ω againi, this K value is corresponded to
The column of sensing matrix A be assigned to supported collection Λ againi；
(26), residual error is updated:
Wherein, ΛiKAre as follows: by interior product matrix uiIn all inner products sort and therefrom find out the big inner product of preceding K, which exists
The matrix of corresponding column composition is Λ in sensing matrix AiK；
(27), position vector v is updatedi: setting dynamic threshold Ci, by interior product matrix uiIn each inner product respectively with dynamic threshold CiInto
Row compares, for interior product matrix uiIntermediate value is greater than dynamic threshold CiInner product, position vector viIn element corresponding with the inner product
Value is set as 1, for interior product matrix uiIntermediate value is not more than dynamic threshold CiInner product, position vector viIn it is corresponding with the inner product
Element value is set as 0.
2. ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The dynamic threshold CiCalculation method are as follows:
Ci=β mean (ui), wherein β is adaptive factor, is setting value.
3. ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that iterative step
In, as i=K or residual error riModulus value norm (ri) < 10-3When stop iteration.
4. ofdm system underwater acoustic channel impulse response reconstructing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that initialization bit
Set vector v0In whole element values be 1.
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