CN110058198A - A kind of Underwater Navigation method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor - Google Patents
A kind of Underwater Navigation method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN110058198A CN110058198A CN201910227909.3A CN201910227909A CN110058198A CN 110058198 A CN110058198 A CN 110058198A CN 201910227909 A CN201910227909 A CN 201910227909A CN 110058198 A CN110058198 A CN 110058198A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/16—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The Underwater Navigation method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor that the invention discloses a kind of.The present invention is using the different super-radiance light emitting diode of two wavelength as light signal.When there is disturbing source, light signal can be in optical fibre channel with different optic paths, due to joined delay coil in the design of distributed fiberoptic sensor underwater positioning system, two optical signals of different light paths reach coupler 2 there are time difference Δ t, and the size of time difference and the position of disturbing source are related.Therefore include the location information of disturbing source in the coherent signal that photodetection PD1, PD2 are detected, obtain the location information of disturbing source from the spectrogram of coherent signal by the method for spectrum analysis.The present invention uses in the processing of signal to be unfolded in frequency domain, and the spectral range of this disturbing signal that this system is detected is wider, is promoted to the sensitivity of disturbing source compared with other data processing methods.
Description
Technical field
It the present invention relates to the use of distributed fiberoptic sensor combination Spectral Analysis Method and long range, height implemented to underwater disturbing source
A kind of real time positioning technology of precision, and in particular to Underwater Navigation method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor.
Background technique
With the development of economy and society, underwater job facilities quantity increases year by year, economic value is also higher and higher.How
It takes measures to implement protection, is perceived before destruction, be urgency new technology to be invented.Distribution type fiber-optic at present
It is only used for the positioning of underwater specific intrusion event, and it is relevant using directly finding two in time-domain on signal processing
The time delays of signal are not certain single-frequency signals, therefore be difficult since the disturbing signal in reality is a broadband signal
The accurate time delays for calculating two coherent signals, positioning accuracy are also more difficult to guaranteeing.And on the sensor fibre in reality
Each point, which all exists, dissipates miscellaneous noise, since these dissipate the influence of miscellaneous noise so that the output time difference accuracy of two interference signals of measurement is dropped
It is low, seriously affect measurement accuracy.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of Underwater Navigation sides based on distributed fiberoptic sensor
Method.
The device that Underwater Navigation method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor is based on includes two pole of the first superradiation light-emitting
Pipe, the second super-radiance light emitting diode, wavelength locker and light depolarizer, the first coupler, the second coupler, third coupling
Device, the first isolator, faraday rotation mirror, the first coherent demodulator, the second coherent demodulator, the first fiber-optical probe PD1,
Two fiber-optical probe PD2；
First super-radiance light emitting diode, the second super-radiance light emitting diode carry out wave by wavelength locking unit
Long locking, carries out the depolarized incidence end for being passed through the first coupling by light depolarizer later；The output end of first coupling passes through photoelectricity
Isolator is connected with the first incidence end of the second coupler；First output end of the second coupler passes through delay coil and third coupling
The first input end of clutch is connected；The second output terminal of second coupler is connected with the second input terminal of third coupler；Second
The third of coupler, the 4th output end are connected with photoelectric detector PD 1, PD2 respectively；First output end of third coupler passes through
Distribution type fiber-optic is connected with faraday rotation mirror；
If the variation of modulating signal phase caused by disturbing signal isThen input two beam coherent lights in the second coupler
It is respectively as follows:
E1=e10exp[j(ωct+Δρ1(t)+ρ0)] (1)
E2=e20exp[j(ωct+Δρ2(t)+ρ1)] (2)
e10、e20The amplitude of modulated signal is respectively represented, if e10And e20It is equal；ρ0And ρ2For the initial phase of modulated signal,
ωcFor signal angular frequency；Δρ1It (t) is wavelength X under the influence of disturbance1Phase change the sum of of the signal under two different light paths,
I.e. from disturbing source reach the first photoelectric detector PD 1 phase change and by disturbing source reach faraday rotation mirror back reflection to
The sum of the phase change of first photoelectric detector PD 1；Similarly, Δ ρ2It (t) is wavelength X2Signal from disturbing source by delay coil to
The phase change of second photoelectric detector PD 2 and faraday rotation mirror back reflection is reached by disturbing source, through delay coil to the
The sum of the phase change of two photoelectric detector PDs 2；Two beam coherent light output intensity signal I are coherent light E1、E2The sum of scalar value
Square, it may be assumed that
I=| E1+E2|2
=2 [cos (Δ ρ1(t)-Δρ2(t)+ρ0-ρ1)+1] (3)
The relevant optical modulator of two beams is completed in coherent demodulator, by signal spectrum characteristic it is found that any vibration signal can divide
Solution is the superposition of the simple harmonic oscillation of several different frequencies；Therefore, if the phase change caused by disturbing is the simple harmonic quantity of single-frequency
Vibration, i.e. ρ (t)=A0Sin (ω t), then:
Δρ1(t)=A0sin[ω(t-τ1)]+A0sin[ω(t-τ2)] (4)
Δρ2(t)=A0sin[ω(t-τ3)]+A0sin[ω(t-τ4)] (5)
Wherein:
Wherein L is transmission fiber overall length, and x is distance of the disturbing signal apart from the end coupler c2, l0For the length for the coil that is delayed
Degree, n are the refractive index of sensor fibre, and c is the light velocity；A0And ω0The respectively amplitude and angular frequency of signal；
By formula (6) and (7) it is found thatEnabling its difference is δ；Enable η1=τ2+τ1, η2
=τ3+τ4；Therefore, the total phase shift of two signals:
According to formula (6) and formula (7) it is found that containing the location information of vibration, η in δ1-η2In contain only delay coil length
Value0A related parameter, η1+η2The length of total length L containing sensing light and delay coil0, specific functional relation is such as
Under:
It is found that the amplitude of total phase shift is made of two-part product from formula (9), one isSecondly beingLocation information containing vibration source in the former parameter δ；In the latter when
When, can also occur extreme point on frequency spectrum, but the length information of delay coil is contained only in the component, therefore by changing delay
The length of coil make its corresponding extreme value dot frequency withComponent occur extreme value dot frequency between distance difference 10KHz with
On；It is right to shield itsThe influence of component extreme value dot frequency；
WhenΔ ρ at this timetAmplitude be zero, i.e., frequency be ω disturbance make
Under, there is extreme point in the light intensity on frequency spectrum；It is not that the frequency spectrum of certain single-frequency is defeated since disturbing signal is a broadband signal
Out, the frequency of disturbing source is higher, and corresponding k value is bigger；Corresponding frequency and vibration source position are respectively as follows: at this time
Frequency values f corresponding to extreme point is found out from spectrogram, and the location information of disturbing source is calculated according to formula (11).
The present invention compared with the prior art possessed by effect:
The present invention provides the Underwater Navigation method based on distribution type fiber-optic, first to super-radiance light emitting diode PD1 and PD2
The light signal excited carries out wavelength locking by wavelength locking unit, then is passed through light depolarizer and carries out depolarized processing, will locate
It manages obtained signal and is passed through the underwater positioning system based on distribution type fiber-optic, when there is disturbing signal, two light signals will be the
It interferes in two couplers, coherent signal will be demodulated in coherent demodulator, therefore photoelectric detector PD 1, PD2 connect
The signal received contains the location information of disturbing source, carries out Fourier decomposition to it and obtains the spectrogram of signal, obtains in a frequency domain
Take the location information of disturbing source.The present invention uses in the processing of signal to be unfolded in frequency domain, this enables this system to detect
The spectral range of the disturbing signal arrived is wider, is promoted to the sensitivity of disturbing source compared with other data processing methods.Due to this
Invention using field be it is underwater, because more advantageous to the transmission of disturbance under water, therefore the present invention can detect distribution type fiber-optic periphery
Disturbing signal within 10m, and the distance that can be detected also is up to 40km or so.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, attached drawing needed in the embodiment will be made simply below
It introduces:
Fig. 1 is the underwater positioning system structure principle chart based on distributed perturbation sensor；
Fig. 2 is the spectrogram of phase demodulating signal.
Specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the underwater positioning system specific implementation method based on distribution type fiber-optic is made to say
It is bright.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Underwater Navigation method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor, the device packet that this method is based on
Include the first super-radiance light emitting diode, the second super-radiance light emitting diode, wavelength locker and light depolarizer, the first coupler,
Second coupler, third coupler, the first isolator, faraday rotation mirror, the first coherent demodulator, the second coherent demodulator,
First fiber-optical probe PD1, the second fiber-optical probe PD2；
First super-radiance light emitting diode, the second super-radiance light emitting diode carry out wave by wavelength locking unit
Long locking, carries out the depolarized incidence end for being passed through the first coupling by light depolarizer later；The output end of first coupling passes through photoelectricity
Isolator is connected with the first incidence end of the second coupler；First output end of the second coupler passes through delay coil and third coupling
The first input end of clutch is connected；The second output terminal of second coupler is connected with the second input terminal of third coupler；Second
The third of coupler, the 4th output end are connected with photoelectric detector PD 1, PD2 respectively；First output end of third coupler passes through
Distribution type fiber-optic is connected with faraday rotation mirror；
Step 1: the laser light source of super-radiance light emitting diode (SLD1) selection wavelength 1557.32nm, SLD2 select wavelength
1558.52nm laser light source.Meet the light signal of system operation requirements, i.e. realization light source letter by wavelength locker selection
Number wavelength locking.
Step 2: being passed attached shown in FIG. 1 disturb based on distribution is passed through by the light signal of wavelength locker processing
The underwater positioning system of sensor, wavelength γ1Coherent signal there are two transmission optical paths.First, passing through disturbing source, coupler
The end c1 ', reaches photoelectric detector PD 1 at the end coupler b2 '；Second, reaching faraday rotation mirror back reflection to coupling by disturbing source
The end clutch c1 ', through the end coupler b2 ', finally reach photoelectric detector PD 1.Similarly, wavelength γ2Coherent signal there is also two
Item transmits optical path.First, by disturbing source, the end coupler c1, delay coil, the end coupler b2,
Reach photoelectric detector PD 2；Second, by disturbing source reach faraday rotation mirror back reflection to the end coupler c1,
Through delay coil, the end coupler b2, finally reach photoelectric detector PD 2.When there is disturbing signal, two light signals will be second
It is interfered in coupler, interference signal is finally received by photoelectric detector PD 1 and PD2.
By the signal optical source of two different wave lengths by injecting sensor fibre after wavelength locking unit, the processing of light depolarizer, by
Light signal known to system structure schematic diagram has following two transmission optical path.
R1: a1 → a2 → a2 ' → b1 → b2 → c1 → c2 → d → c2 → c1 ' → b2 ' → PD1
R2: a1 ' → a2 → a2 ' → b1 → b2 ' → c1 ' → c2 → d → c2 → c1 → b2 → PD2
When external disturbance signal ψ (t) is transmitted to sensor fibre, the phase of lightwave signal will change.Assuming that in t
It carves, disturbing signal is transmitted to sensor fibre, and due to photoelastic effect, two beam coherent lights are respectively by different optical paths by modulation intelligence
It is transmitted to photodetector.
The relevant optical modulator of two beams is completed in coherent demodulator, by signal spectral analysis principle it is found that any vibration signal
It can be analyzed to the superposition of the simple harmonic oscillation of several different frequencies.Therefore, the phase change caused by disturbing can be set as single-frequency
Simple harmonic oscillation, i.e. ρ (t)=A0Sin (ω t), then the total phase shift of two signals:
According to formula (6) and formula (7) it is found that location information x, η in δ containing vibration1-η2In contain only with delay coil
Length value l0A related parameter, η1+η2The length l of total length L containing sensing light and delay coil0, specific function
Relationship is as follows:
It is found that the amplitude of total phase shift is made of two-part product from formula (8), one isSecondly beingLocation information containing vibration source in the former parameter δ includes delay coil length l in the latter's parameter0。
Therefore, can by change delay coil length come so thatCorresponding extreme point frequency distanceComponent pole
It is worth the distance between dot frequency difference 10KHz or more, that is, increases the distance between the two extreme point, it is right to reduce itsPoint
Measure the influence of extreme value dot frequency.
WhenΔ ρ at this timetAmplitude be zero, i.e., be that ω being disturbed in frequency
Under movement is used, there is extreme point in the light intensity on frequency spectrum.It is not the frequency of certain single-frequency since disturbing signal is a broadband signal
Spectrum output, the frequency of disturbing source is higher, and corresponding k value is bigger.Corresponding frequency f and vibration source position x are respectively as follows: at this time
The spectrogram of 2 phase demodulating signal of attached drawing.The spectrogram of coherent signal is as shown in Fig. 2.
Step 3: carrying out A/D sampling processing to the signal that photoelectric detector PD 1 and PD2 receive, sampler is needed herein
The sample frequency of part reaches the order of magnitude of GHz.Because only that could completely retain phase solution in the sufficiently high situation of sample frequency
Adjust the information in signal, i.e., it is more accurate to the estimation of phase difference.This also directly affects the accuracy calculated disturbance source position.It is right
It samples obtained phase demodulating signal and carries out Fourier's variation, obtain the spectrogram of phase demodulating signal.Theoretical phase demodulating
Signal spectrum figure is as shown in Fig. 2, therefrom finds corresponding frequency values at extreme point, this Frequency point corresponds to coherent signal amplitude
Minimum point calculates the position of disturbing source using formula (11).
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Underwater Navigation method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor, it is characterised in that: the device packet that this method is based on
Include the first super-radiance light emitting diode, the second super-radiance light emitting diode, wavelength locker and light depolarizer, the first coupler,
Second coupler, third coupler, the first isolator, faraday rotation mirror, the first coherent demodulator, the second coherent demodulator,
First fiber-optical probe PD1, the second fiber-optical probe PD2；
First super-radiance light emitting diode, the second super-radiance light emitting diode carry out wavelength lock by wavelength locking unit
It is fixed, the depolarized incidence end for being passed through the first coupling is carried out by light depolarizer later；The output end of first coupling passes through Phototube Coupling
Device is connected with the first incidence end of the second coupler；First output end of the second coupler passes through delay coil and third coupler
First input end be connected；The second output terminal of second coupler is connected with the second input terminal of third coupler；Second coupling
The third of device, the 4th output end are connected with photoelectric detector PD 1, PD2 respectively；First output end of third coupler passes through distribution
Formula optical fiber is connected with faraday rotation mirror；
If the variation of modulating signal phase caused by disturbing signal isThen input the two beam coherent lights difference in the second coupler
Are as follows:
E1=e10exp[j(ωct+Δρ1(t)+ρ0)] (1)
E2=e20exp[j(ωct+Δρ2(t)+ρ1)] (2)
e10、e20The amplitude of modulated signal is respectively represented, if e10And e20It is equal；ρ0And ρ2For the initial phase of modulated signal, ωcFor
Signal angular frequency；Δρ1It (t) is wavelength X under the influence of disturbance1Phase change the sum of of the signal under two different light paths, i.e., from
Disturbing source reaches the phase change of the first photoelectric detector PD 1 and reaches faraday rotation mirror back reflection to first by disturbing source
The sum of the phase change of photoelectric detector PD 1；Similarly, Δ ρ2It (t) is wavelength X2Signal is from disturbing source by delay coil to second
The phase change and process disturbing source of photoelectric detector PD 2 reach faraday rotation mirror back reflection, through delay coil to the second light
The sum of the phase change of electric explorer PD2；Two beam coherent light output intensity signal I are coherent light E1、E2The sum of scalar value it is flat
Side, it may be assumed that
I=| E1+E2|2
=2 [cos (Δ ρ1(t)-Δρ2(t)+ρ0-ρ1)+1] (3)
The relevant optical modulator of two beams is completed in coherent demodulator, by signal spectrum characteristic it is found that any vibration signal can be analyzed to
The superposition of the simple harmonic oscillation of several different frequencies；Therefore, if the phase change caused by disturbing is the simple harmonic oscillation of single-frequency,
That is ρ (t)=A0Sin (ω t), then:
Δρ1(t)=A0sin[ω(t-τ1)]+A0sin[ω(t-τ2)] (4)
Δρ2(t)=A0sin[ω(t-τ3)]+A0sin[ω(t-τ4)] (5)
Wherein:
L is transmission fiber overall length, and x is distance of the disturbing signal apart from the end coupler c2, l0For the length for the coil that is delayed, n is sensing
The refractive index of optical fiber, c are the light velocity；A0And ω0The respectively amplitude and angular frequency of signal；
By formula (6) and (7) it is found thatEnabling its difference is δ；Enable η1=τ2+τ1, η2=τ3+
τ4；Therefore, the total phase shift of two signals:
According to formula (6) and formula (7) it is found that location information x, η in δ containing vibration1-η2In contain only with delay coil length
Value l0A related parameter, η1+η2The length l of total length L containing sensing light and delay coil0, specific functional relation
It is as follows:
It is found that the amplitude of total phase shift is made of two-part product from formula (9), one isSecondly beingLocation information containing vibration source in the former parameter δ；In the latter when
When, can also occur extreme point on frequency spectrum, but the length information of delay coil is contained only in the component, therefore by changing delay
The length of coil make its corresponding extreme value dot frequency withComponent occur extreme value dot frequency between distance difference 10KHz with
On, it is right to shield itsThe influence of component extreme value dot frequency；
WhenΔ ρ at this timetAmplitude be zero, i.e., frequency be ω perturbation action under,
There is extreme point in light intensity on frequency spectrum；Since disturbing signal is a broadband signal, it is not the frequency spectrum output of certain single-frequency, disturbs
The frequency in dynamic source is higher, and corresponding k value is bigger；Corresponding frequency f and vibration source position x are respectively as follows: at this time
Frequency values f corresponding to extreme point is found out from spectrogram, and the location information of disturbing source is calculated according to formula (11).
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