CN110057941A - Detection method based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil - Google Patents
Detection method based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110057941A CN110057941A CN201910400429.2A CN201910400429A CN110057941A CN 110057941 A CN110057941 A CN 110057941A CN 201910400429 A CN201910400429 A CN 201910400429A CN 110057941 A CN110057941 A CN 110057941A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/06—Preparation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/06—Preparation
- G01N2030/062—Preparation extracting sample from raw material
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of detection methods based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, comprising the following steps: (1) acquisition insulation oil samples；(2) insulation oil samples are protected from light standing；(3) furfural standard mother liquor is prepared；(4) furfural standard mother liquor is configured to the furfural standard solution of several various concentrations；(5) furfural standard solution is extracted respectively and insulation oil samples are respectively placed in centrifuge tube, adds ultrapure water extraction；(6) lower layer for extracting furfural standard solution and the oil samples that insulate respectively extracts clear liquid, injects in sample injection bottle；(7) sample in sample injection bottle is detected with liquid chromatograph；(8) based on the sample chromatogram figure measured, furfural standard curve is established, the processing method of insulation oil samples to be measured is established, automatic integration is carried out to furfural peak, obtains the furfural content of each insulation oil samples.Detection method of the invention can be shortened the furfural extraction time, accurately detect furfural content, cleanliness without any pollution, and toxicity is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fibrous insulations of power transformer to deteriorate assessment technology field, in particular to a kind of to be become based on scene
The detection method of furfural content in depressor insulating oil.
Background technique
Power transformer is the key equipment in electric system, plays indispensable role to the transformation of voltage, because
The operational safety of this transformer is particularly important the safe and stable operation and power supply reliability of electric system.In current electric grid
It is mostly oil-immersed transformer in the high-power transformer of operation, type of insulation is the compound inslation system that insulating oil and insulating paper form
System.
The main component for the insulating paper that transformer uses at present is cellulose, and cellulose is to pass through glucosides by glucose monomer
Linear polymeric polymer made of key connection.Deterioration of insulating paper can make cellulose long-chain fracture resolve into glucose, using
A series of variations form furfuran compound-furfural.The aging of insulating oil can be supervised by chemical feature amount in oil
Survey, and by changing oil, the measures such as oil strain improve the quality of insulating oil；Ageing state monitoring for insulating paper, to transformation
Device insulating paper samples the suspended core etc. that needs to have a power failure, and the sampling of insulating paper can damage transformer solid insulation, so can
To pass through furfural content in detection oil, then estimate calculating insulation paper polymerization degree.
In the prior art, the degree of polymerization of insulating paper is obtained by the furfural content in measurement insulating oil, and is marked referring to country
The situation that standard carries out accurate evaluation insulation degradation becomes the generally accepted possible ways of industry.In insulating oil the content of furfural by
In the difference of experiment measuring condition and method, the accuracy of experimental result also can difference.Meanwhile existing detection method
It generallys use the organic solvent that volatility is big or toxicity is big to be tested, long-time service can cause the health of operator
Certain influence.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of detection methods based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, thus
Overcome the disadvantages of furfural extraction time is long, detection is inaccurate, toxicity is high in detection process.
It is a further object of the invention to provide one kind based on furfural content assessment insulation in live transformer insulation oil
The method of deterioration.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of detection sides based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) the insulation oil samples of collection site transformer；
(2) insulation oil samples are placed under the conditions of being protected from light, stand a period of time；
(3) it prepares furfural standard mother liquor: extracting chromatographically pure furfural with pipettor and be placed in volumetric flask, be added without furfural
Fresh oil is prepared to complete to be placed in thermostatic control oscillator vibration and vibrates a period of time, obtain furfural standard mother liquor to certain graduation mark；
(4) furfural standard mother liquor is configured to the furfural standard solution of several various concentrations, then furfural standard solution is set
A period of time is vibrated in thermostatic control oscillator vibration；
(5) it extracts furfural standard solution respectively with pipettor and insulation oil samples is respectively placed in centrifuge tube, add super
Pure water is extracted, and centrifuge tube is placed in oscillator and is vibrated, then is placed in a centrifuge centrifugation；
(6) lower layer for extracting furfural standard solution and the oil samples that insulate respectively extracts clear liquid, and is filtered with filter membrane, so
Filtered extraction clear liquid is injected in sample injection bottle afterwards；
(7) sample in sample injection bottle is detected with liquid chromatograph: first determines sample feeding method, then setting inspection
Parameter is surveyed, mobile phase is ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water, after sample introduction is analyzed, obtains the chromatogram of sample；
(8) based on the sample chromatogram figure measured, furfural standard curve is first established, then establishes the place of insulation oil samples to be measured
Reason method carries out automatic integration to furfural peak, finally obtains the furfural content of each insulation oil samples.
Preferably, the historical data of transformer is investigated when acquisition insulation oil samples in step (1).
Preferably, the insulation oil samples of acquisition are placed in brown bottle by step (2), are being protected from light and temperature is 30-60 DEG C
Under the conditions of, stand hour or more for 24 hours.
Preferably, the concentration that step (3) prepares furfural standard mother liquor is 1g/L, is vibrated in 25-30 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control
20-30h；The concentration that furfural standard solution is configured in step (4) is followed successively by 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 1.5mg/
L, 2.5mg/L, then prepared furfural standard solution is placed in 25-30 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control and vibrates 20-30h.
Preferably, furfural standard solution and the volume ratio of ultrapure water mixing are 3-10:1-5 in step (5), and insulate oil samples
Volume ratio with ultrapure water mixing is 3-10:1-5.
Preferably, step (5) oscillation time be 5-15min, by centrifuge tube be placed in revolving speed be 3500-4500r/min from
5-15min is centrifuged in scheming.
Preferably, the volume ratio of ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water is 1-3:1-7 in step (7).
Preferably, liquid chromatograph is detected as in step (7), edits sample feeding method, and by sample injection bottle be placed in into
In sample dish, each sample feeding time is set as 10min, and each sample injection volume is 10 μ L, and Detection wavelength is selected as 270 μm, detection
Flow is 1.0mL/min, and detector is selected as UV detector, and chromatographic column is selected as C18 type.
Preferably, step (8) measures at least twice each insulation oil samples, is finally averaged.
A method of insulation degradation being assessed based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, this method uses above-mentioned
One method detects furfural content；After the furfural content for measuring sample, furfural data are brought into furfural-degree of polymerization equation, are obtained
The corresponding transformer insulating paper degree of polymerization, the furfural-degree of polymerization equation are as follows:
Wherein, DP indicates insulation paper polymerization degree, C2-FALIndicate the furfural content in oil.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the present invention is based on the detection methods of furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, use the super of cleanliness without any pollution
Pure water selects ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water, can greatly shorten the furfural extraction time, and can accurately detect chaff as extractant, mobile phase
Aldehyde.And there is easy to detect, economy, cleanliness without any pollution, and the advantage that toxicity is low.
(2) a kind of method based on furfural content assessment insulation degradation in live transformer insulation oil, measures the chaff of sample
After aldehyde, in conjunction with furfural-degree of polymerization equation, the insulation degradation state for quickly and accurately assessing live transformer, drop are realized
Low operation expense, has greatly ensured the safe and stable operation of power grid.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the furfural standard of the invention based on the detection method detection of furfural content in live transformer insulation oil is molten
The chromatogram of liquid.
Fig. 2 is the insulation oil samples of the invention based on the detection method detection of furfural content in live transformer insulation oil
The chromatogram of solution.
Fig. 3 is that the furfural standard that the detection method of the invention based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil is established is bent
Line.
Fig. 4 be it is of the invention based in live transformer insulation oil furfural content assessment insulation degradation method in insulating oil
Furfural-degree of polymerization curve graph in sample.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention and attached drawing, for embodiment only
It is only used as a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without creative labor, belongs to the invention patent institute
The range of protection.
A kind of detection method based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) the insulation oil samples of collection site transformer
The specific steps of collection site transformer insulation oil are needed referring to national standard " 7597 oil for electric power (transformer of GB/T
Oil, steam turbine oil) sampling method ".
When taking oil to the live transformer in power grid, the fine day of dry weather should be selected to be sampled, prevented in air
Moisture enters inside transformer, influences the ordinary life of transformer.When draining the oil from transformer bottom throttle, bottom is first released
Then sump oil is cleaned throttle with clean cloth, then put a little oil and rinse throttle, and put a little oil and wash twice sampling bottle,
Oil sample can be poured into sampling bottle.Should especially with caution when taking oil, in order to avoid soil, moisture, dust etc. are fallen into oil sample, bottle stopper application becomes
Depressor oil, which scrubs, to be sealed, and the container of charge of oil sample should select the brown ground glass stoppered bottle of favorable sealing property, is answered in bottle
Completely and into crossing it is dried.Taking oil mass to each transformer in scene is about 500mL, convenient for furfural in later period measurement oil, alcohols,
The substances such as moisture, dissolved gas, and then the state of insulation of Comprehensive Evaluation transformer increase the scientific and accurate of insulation degradation assessment
Property.
(2) insulation oil samples are placed under the conditions of being protected from light, stand a period of time
To the insulation oil samples come from collection in worksite according to power transformation station name, voltage class runs the time limit, and whether there is or not change, filter
The information such as oily history carry out electronic archive.To without the transformer changed, oil strain is handled, furfural historical data is recorded, after being convenient for
The comparison of phase measurement result；Experience is changed, the transformer of oil strain processing, record changes, the number of oil strain, and changes every time, oil strain
Furfural content in the oil that front and back measures changes, cannot to have represented transformer original for furfural content in the oil surveyed after oil strain processing
Furfural content, therefore the deterioration state of assessment transformer insulating paper cannot be used directly to.
The insulation oil samples of acquisition are numbered, check whether the leakproofness of each brown ground glass stoppered bottle is good.?
It balances and stands in insulation oil samples climatic chamber, saved under the conditions of being protected from light, 30-60 DEG C of the temperature of heat preservation, the storage temperature
It is set as the normal temperature of transformer station high-voltage side bus, stands hour or more for 24 hours.
(3) furfural standard mother liquor is prepared
86.2 μ L of chromatographically pure furfural is accurately extracted with pipettor first to be placed in 100mL volumetric flask, is added without furfural
Fresh oil to 100mL graduation mark, the furfural content of standard mother liquor is 1g/L；Prepare the water bath with thermostatic control vibration for completing to be placed on 25-30 DEG C
It swings and vibrates 20-30h in device, obtain furfural standard mother liquor.Wherein, it prepares furfural standard mother liquor and insulation is added using long neck funnel
Oil avoids a large amount of insulating oil wall built-up, leads to read untrue, which carries out under the conditions of being protected from light.
(4) furfural titer is prepared
Prepared furfural standard mother liquor is configured to the different furfural standard solution of several concentrations, standard solution
Concentration is followed successively by 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 2.5mg/L, and prepared furfural standard solution is placed in
20-30h is vibrated in 25-30 DEG C of thermostatic control oscillator vibration.Wherein, furfural standard solution is prepared to be added absolutely using long neck funnel
Edge oil, avoids a large amount of insulating oil wall built-up, leads to read untrue, which carries out under the conditions of being protected from light.
(5) furfural in extraction furfural standard solution and the oil samples that insulate
The process of extraction furfural carries out under the conditions of being protected from light, with pipettor difference draw standard solution and insulation oil samples
5mL adds 3mL ultrapure water and is extracted, centrifuge tube is placed in mechnical oscillator and vibrates 5-15min in centrifuge tube, then
It is placed in 3500-4500r/min centrifuge and is centrifuged 5-15min, keep furfural diffusion in lower layer's extract liquor uniform.
(6) lower layer for extracting furfural standard solution and the oil samples that insulate extracts clear liquid
Under the conditions of being protected from light, clear liquid 1.2mL is extracted with syringe difference draw standard solution and insulation oil samples lower layer, is
Guarantee the accuracy of measurement result, each sample extraction liquid is extracted by individual syringe.Then it is filtered with water phase filter membrane,
Waiting in filtered extraction clear liquid injection brown sample injection bottle, sample introduction is analyzed.
(7) sample in sample injection bottle is detected with high performance liquid chromatograph
Start high performance liquid chromatograph, open 3 software of computer Empower, edits sample feeding method, and by sample injection bottle
It is placed in sample injection disc, each sample feeding time is set as 10min, and each sample injection volume is 10 μ L, and Detection wavelength is selected as 270 μ
M, detection flows 1.0mL/min, detector are selected as UV detector, and chromatographic column is selected as C18 type.Mobile phase is selected as ethyl alcohol and is surpassed
Pure water, ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water volume ratio are 1-3:1-7 (such as: 1:1,3:2,3:7 etc.), and ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water will be into before sample introduction
Row vacuum filter and degassing.It waits sample introduction is analyzed to terminate, obtains the chromatogram of sample.
(8) furfural content is detected
Based on the chromatogram of the sample measured, furfural standard curve is first established, then establishes sample result processing method, it is right
Furfural peak carries out automatic integration, can choose manual integral when integrating to the furfural peak of some peak value very littles, finally obtains
The furfural content of each insulation oil samples.At least twice to the measurement of each insulation oil samples, it is finally averaged.
Test example
Using the above method to the insulation oil sample of 5 transformers (number is followed successively by A, B, C, D, E) acquisition of 5 substations
The detection of product progress furfural content.It is specific that detection method includes the following steps:
(1) the insulation oil samples come to acquisition are placed in 60 DEG C of climatic chamber is balanced standing for 24 hours, and furfural is made to exist
Diffusion is balanced in insulating oil；
(2) furfural standard mother liquor is prepared, 86.2 μ L of chromatographically pure furfural is extracted with pipettor and is placed in 100mL volumetric flask, add
Enter the fresh oil of not furfural to 100mL graduation mark, the furfural content of standard mother liquor is 1g/L, prepares and completes to be placed on 25-30 DEG C
Thermostatic control oscillator vibration in vibrate for 24 hours；
(3) prepared furfural standard mother liquor is configured to the different furfural standard solution of several concentrations, standard is molten
The concentration of liquid is followed successively by 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 2.5mg/L, by prepared furfural standard solution
It is placed in 25-30 DEG C of thermostatic control oscillator vibration and vibrates for 24 hours；
(4) 3mL ultrapure water is added in centrifuge tube with pipettor difference draw standard solution and insulation oil samples 5mL
It is extracted, centrifuge tube is placed in mechnical oscillator and vibrates 10min, then be placed in 4000r/min centrifuge and be centrifuged 10min,
Keep furfural diffusion in lower layer's extract liquor uniform；
(5) clear liquid about 1.2mL is extracted with syringe difference draw standard solution and insulation oil samples lower layer, and is filtered with water phase
Film is filtered, and then waiting in filtered extraction clear liquid injection brown sample injection bottle, sample introduction is analyzed；
(6) start high performance liquid chromatograph, open 3 software of computer Empower, edit sample feeding method, and by sample introduction
Bottle is placed in sample injection disc, and each sample feeding time is set as 10min, and each sample injection volume is 10 μ L, and Detection wavelength is selected as 270
μm, detection flows 1.0mL/min, detector is selected as UV detector, and chromatographic column is selected as C18 type.Mobile phase be selected as ethyl alcohol and
Ultrapure water, ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water volume ratio are 1:1.It waits sample introduction is analyzed to terminate, sample chromatogram figure is obtained, such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 institute
Show；
(7) chromatogram based on the sample measured first establishes furfural standard curve (as shown in Figure 3), then establishes sample
Result processing method carries out automatic integration to furfural peak, finally obtains the furfural content of each insulation oil samples.To each insulation
Oil samples measure twice, are finally averaged.It is as shown in table 1 to detect furfural content in insulating oil.
The content of furfural in the different transformer insulated oil samples of table 1
To the insulation in this example to being acquired from 5 transformers (number is followed successively by A, B, C, D, E) from 5 substations
Oil samples carry out the detection of furfural content, after detecting the furfural content in insulation oil samples, and are obtained by furfural-degree of polymerization equation
Corresponding insulation paper polymerization degree.
After the furfural content for measuring sample, furfural data are brought into furfural-degree of polymerization equation, it is exhausted to obtain corresponding transformer
The edge paper degree of polymerization, the furfural-degree of polymerization equation are as follows:
Wherein, DP indicates insulation paper polymerization degree, C2-FALIndicate the furfural content in oil.
According to standard " aging gorgeous absolutely of DL/T 984-2005 oil-immersed transformer judges directive/guide ", transformer insulating paper polymerization
Degree criterion is as shown in table 2, and the data measured are as shown in table 3.Fig. 4 is furfural-degree of polymerization curve graph in insulation oil samples.
2 transformer insulating paper degree of polymerization criterion table of table
The different transformer insulating paper degree of polymerization situations of table 3
As shown in table 3, by furfural content in the oil of 5 transformers measured above, the furfural content of transformer A is found
Close to zero, it is 1089 that its corresponding insulation paper polymerization degree, which is calculated, and the data of reference record find that its runing time is only 3
Year or so, other physical and chemical parameters are also all normal, then the Transformer Operation Status is good；The furfural testing result of transformer B, C, D
Obtained insulation paper polymerization degree is also consistent with actual operation data；The furfural content that transformer E is detected is higher, operation
Time is 30 years, and the moisture in the transformer oil is also higher, so moisture accelerates the deterioration of insulating paper, thus detect
Furfural content is higher.In this case, it should other comprehensive detections as a result, and the operating condition of transformer is tracked,
And then determine whether the transformer immediately exits from operation.
Above disclosed is only a specific embodiment of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This, anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can readily occur in variation or modification,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of detection method based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the insulation oil samples of collection site transformer；
(2) insulation oil samples are placed under the conditions of being protected from light, stand a period of time；
(3) it prepares furfural standard mother liquor: extracting chromatographically pure furfural with pipettor and be placed in volumetric flask, the fresh oil for being free of furfural is added
To certain graduation mark, prepares to complete to be placed in thermostatic control oscillator vibration and vibrate a period of time, obtain furfural standard mother liquor；
(4) furfural standard mother liquor is configured to the furfural standard solution of several various concentrations, then furfural standard solution is placed in perseverance
A period of time is vibrated in tepidarium oscillator；
(5) it extracts furfural standard solution respectively with pipettor and insulation oil samples is respectively placed in centrifuge tube, add ultrapure water
It is extracted, centrifuge tube is placed in oscillator and is vibrated, then be placed in a centrifuge centrifugation；
(6) lower layer for extracting furfural standard solution and the oil samples that insulate respectively extracts clear liquid, and is filtered with filter membrane, then will
In filtered extraction clear liquid injection sample injection bottle；
(7) sample in sample injection bottle is detected with liquid chromatograph: first determines sample feeding method, then setting detection ginseng
Number, mobile phase are ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water, after sample introduction is analyzed, obtain the chromatogram of sample；
(8) based on the sample chromatogram figure measured, furfural standard curve is first established, then establishes the processing side of insulation oil samples to be measured
Method carries out automatic integration to furfural peak, finally obtains the furfural content of each insulation oil samples.
2. the detection method according to claim 1 based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that
In step (1) when acquisition insulation oil samples, the historical data of transformer is investigated.
3. the detection method according to claim 1 based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that
The insulation oil samples of acquisition are placed in brown bottle by step (2), under conditions of being protected from light and temperature is 30-60 DEG C, are stood small for 24 hours
When or more.
4. the detection method according to claim 1 based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that
The concentration that step (3) prepares furfural standard mother liquor is 1g/L, vibrates 20-30h in 25-30 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control；In step (4)
The concentration for being configured to furfural standard solution is followed successively by, 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 2.5mg/L, then will be matched
The furfural standard solution made, which is placed in 25-30 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control, vibrates 20-30h.
5. the detection method according to claim 1 based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that
Furfural standard solution and the volume ratio of ultrapure water mixing are 3-10:1-5 in step (5), what the oil samples that insulate and ultrapure water mixed
Volume ratio is 3-10:1-5.
6. the detection method according to claim 1 based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that
The time of step (5) oscillation is 5-15min, and it is to be centrifuged 5- in 3500-4500r/min centrifuge that centrifuge tube, which is placed in revolving speed,
15min。
7. the detection method according to claim 1 based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that
The volume ratio of ethyl alcohol and ultrapure water is 1-3:1-7 in step (7).
8. the detection method according to claim 1 based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that
Liquid chromatograph is detected as in step (7), edits sample feeding method, and sample injection bottle is placed in sample injection disc, each sample
Sample injection time is set as 10min, and each sample injection volume is 10 μ L, and Detection wavelength is selected as 270 μm, detection flows 1.0mL/min,
Detector is selected as UV detector, and chromatographic column is selected as C18 type.
9. the detection method according to claim 1 based on furfural content in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that
Step (8) measures at least twice each insulation oil samples, is finally averaged.
10. a kind of method based on furfural content assessment insulation degradation in live transformer insulation oil, which is characterized in that this method
Furfural content is detected using any one of such as claim 1-9；After the furfural content for measuring sample, furfural data are brought into chaff
In aldehyde-degree of polymerization equation, the corresponding transformer insulating paper degree of polymerization, the furfural-degree of polymerization equation are obtained are as follows:
Wherein, DP indicates insulation paper polymerization degree, C2-FALIndicate the furfural content in oil.
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| CN110455776A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-15 | 重庆大学 | A method of detection furfural content in transformer oil |
| CN111308286A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-19 | 西南交通大学 | Method for estimating service life of traction transformer under multi-parameter empowerment combination |
| CN112014702A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-01 | 广西大学 | Method for evaluating aging state of transformer insulating paper after oil change |
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