CN110057488B - Method for calculating maximum pressure intensity and vertical distribution of tidal bore impact cylindrical pile - Google Patents
Method for calculating maximum pressure intensity and vertical distribution of tidal bore impact cylindrical pile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the field of hydrodynamics. The method aims to provide a method for calculating the maximum pressure of the tidal bore acting on the cylindrical pile and the vertical distribution of the maximum pressure. The method can calculate the maximum pressure and the distribution of the maximum pressure on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile by utilizing a fitting formula of indoor tests and actual measurement data tests according to basic parameters such as the pre-tidal water depth, the pre-tidal flow speed and the tidal bore height which are easily acquired on site. The technical scheme is as follows: the method for calculating the maximum pressure intensity and the vertical distribution of the maximum pressure intensity of the tidal bore impact cylindrical pile comprises the following steps of: step one, acquiring related data: acquiring the pre-tidal water depth, the pre-tidal flow velocity and the tidal bore height H of a certain tidal bore by a field observation or test measurement method; step two, calculating the tidal bore propagation speed; step three, calculating the maximum pressure of the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile; and step four, calculating the maximum pressure of each measuring point on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydromechanics, in particular to a method for calculating the maximum pressure and the vertical distribution (namely the vertical distribution) of the maximum pressure of a tidal bore acting on a cylindrical pile.
Background
Tidal surge occurs in many strong tidal estuaries in the world, such as the brazilian amazon river, the sweden river in the uk, the hugri river in india, and the like. The Qiantangjiang river tidal bore is the most typical in each estuary and is a characteristic tourism resource and a natural wonderful view. After the qiantang river tidal bore is formed, the water flow characteristics are greatly changed. Before and after the tidal bore arrives, the water level suddenly rises by 2-3 m, the water flow is rapidly converted from a falling tide state to a rising tide state and rapidly reaches an extreme value, the extreme value flow rate reaches 6-10 m/s, and the actually measured maximum measuring point flow rate is 12 m/s.
The tidal bore is a flood tide front sharp line with the water level and the flow velocity changing sharply, and has huge energy, thereby seriously impacting and damaging wading buildings. In 1953, one end of a Haining Yanguan pond, which weighs 1.5 tons, of a Zhenhai iron cattle is lifted by tidal surge and washed away from the original place by more than 10 meters; in the 1988 month 8, the dam surface of concrete blocks at the root part of a No. 41 spur dike of the Haining Shibo is lifted by tidal surge passing through the dam, weighs about 30 tons, is thrown away from the original seven-eight meters and vertically leans against the side of a rock pool; the trestle erected in the construction process of the qianjiang four-bridge is damaged by the turbulent tidal surge. Therefore, in order to ensure the construction and operation safety of wading buildings, the engineering industry is always concerned about the effect of the tidal surge on the wading buildings and the structural response problem.
The cylindrical pile is a common shape type of lower structures such as bridge piers, wharfs and the like, and most of bridge piers such as a rejuvenated bridge, a Jiandong bridge, a Jiashao bridge and the like built at the estuary of the Qiantan river adopt the cylindrical pile. At present, because of the engineering design requirements, the tidal bore pressure is mostly obtained by water tank model tests or numerical model calculation and other methods aiming at a certain structure type, systematic research and summary are lacked, and a calculation method of the maximum tidal bore pressure and the vertical distribution thereof with universal significance is not formed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for calculating the maximum pressure of tidal bore acting on a cylindrical pile and the vertical distribution of the maximum pressure. The method can calculate the maximum pressure and the distribution of the maximum pressure on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile by utilizing a fitting formula of indoor tests and actual measurement data tests according to basic parameters such as the pre-tidal water depth, the pre-tidal flow speed and the tidal bore height which are easily acquired on site.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for calculating the maximum pressure intensity and the vertical distribution of the maximum pressure intensity of the tidal bore impact cylindrical pile comprises the following steps of:
step one, acquiring related data
Obtaining the pre-tidal water depth h of a certain tidal bore by a field observation or test measurement method0Pre-tidal flow rateV0And tidal bore height H:
step two, calculating the tidal bore propagation speed
Substituting the relevant data obtained in the step one into a tidal bore propagation speed theoretical formula (1) to calculate a tidal bore propagation speed c;
h1＝h0+H (2)
in the formula: v0Pre-tidal flow rate, h0Depth of water before tide, h1The water depth after tidal bore, H the height of tidal bore and g the acceleration of gravity;
step three, calculating the maximum pressure of the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile
By taking the pressure calculation formula of water flow impact cylindrical piles as reference, the maximum impact coefficient is calibrated by using the indoor test result, and the calculation formula (3) of the maximum pressure is deduced; and calculating the maximum pressure P on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile by utilizing the tidal bore propagation speed obtained in the step twomax：
In the formula: c is the tidal bore propagation velocity, ρ is the density of water, CmaxIs the maximum impact coefficient of tidal bore, CmaxThe value is 1.8-2.2;
step four, calculating the maximum pressure of each measuring point on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile
The calculation steps are as follows:
a. distance Z from river bottom at certain measuring point1Determining the relation between the position and the pre-tidal depth of water, and calculating the dimensionless depth Z of the position1Namely, formula (4).
b. According to the aboveThe maximum pressure of the vertical line obtained by calculation in the following formula (3) and the dimensionless depth Z obtained by calculation in the following formula (4)1Calculating the maximum pressure of the measuring point, namely the formula (5);
the maximum pressure P of the vertical line when the cylindrical pile is impacted by the tidal bore in the third stepmaxThe derivation process is that the tidal bore impact pressure is caused by the collision between the front part of the vertical wave crest of the tidal bore head and the pile, and belongs to the problem of water flow impact. The commonly used water flow impact pressure is calculated by adopting a semi-theoretical semi-empirical formula (6), wherein the impact coefficient CdDepending on the water flow characteristics. Due to the complexity of the tidal bore water flow characteristics, the maximum impact coefficient C is calibrated by utilizing the maximum pressure of the vertical line obtained by the indoor test based on the formula (6)maxThe value is 1.8-2.2 by calibration, and the average value is 2.0.
Wherein P is the impact pressure of the water flow, u is the flow velocity of the water flow, ρ is the density of the water, CdIs the water flow impact coefficient.
Fourthly, the maximum pressure P of each measuring point on the vertical line when the cylindrical pile is impacted by the tidal bore1The derivation process of (1) is: firstly, dimensionless processing is introduced to eliminate the difference of the water depth before different tides and the height of the tidal bore on the vertical distribution of the maximum pressure, and the definition is carried out according to the distribution characteristics of the tidal bore pressure on the vertical line: dimensionless depth [ as shown in formula (4) ] and dimensionless tidal bore maximum pressure P1/Pmax(ii) a Secondly, acquiring the dimensionless depth and the corresponding dimensionless tidal bore maximum pressure by a tidal bore water tank test method; and finally, establishing a quantitative relation from the dimensionless depth to the dimensionless tidal bore maximum pressure as shown in the formula (5) according to the principle of a least square method and exponential linear regression, wherein the correlation coefficient reaches 0.75.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the invention adopts a tidal bore water tank test method to carry out systematic research on the maximum pressure of the tidal bore impacting the cylindrical pile and the distribution characteristic of the tidal bore impacting the cylindrical pile on the vertical line. The tidal bore test was carried out in a tidal bore water tank having a length of 50m, a width of 1.2m and a height of 0.6 m. The water tank generates tidal Bore with different pre-tidal water depths, pre-tidal flow velocities and tidal Bore heights through the Bore 2010 tidal Bore measurement and control system, and the silicon transverse pressure sensor is adopted to measure tidal Bore pressures at different positions on the vertical line. According to the statistics of the measured data, the pre-tidal water depth of the tidal bore is mainly in the range of 0-5 m, and the tidal bore height is in the range of 0.5-3.5 m. Dividing horizontal levels according to the interval of 0.5-1.0 m, designing a test scheme according to an orthogonal test design theory, carrying out scheme tests of more than 20 groups in total, and carrying out repeated tests for many times. The test result shows that when the tidal bore arrives, the pressure of the head-on surface of the cylindrical pile is increased sharply, the tidal bore pressure reaches the maximum value after about 2-5 seconds, then a period of descending process is carried out, the duration time is about 1-2 seconds generally, and the tidal bore pressure tends to be stable later. Because the tidal bore tide head has a certain gradient, when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile, the time when the maximum pressure occurs at each point on the vertical line (i.e. the axis of the cylindrical pile vertical to the ground) is not synchronous. Based on data information of the maximum pressure of each measuring point on the vertical line, dimensionless indexes such as dimensionless depth and the like are adopted to carry out optimization fitting on the maximum pressure of the tidal bore along the vertical line, and calculation formulas, namely formula (3) and formula (5), are provided. By adopting the formula, the maximum pressure of any point position on the vertical line when the cylindrical pile is impacted by the tidal bore can be calculated by utilizing known parameters such as the depth of water before the tidal bore, the flow velocity before the tidal bore, the height of the tidal bore and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a calculation formula of the maximum pressure intensity distributed along the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile, namely formula (3) and formula (5), by taking the measured tidal bore data and the water tank test data as the basis and adopting a mathematical statistical method. The calculation formula shows that: the maximum pressure on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile can be calculated by utilizing the propagation speed of the tidal bore, and then the maximum pressure of each measuring point on the vertical line can be calculated by utilizing the distribution characteristics of the vertical line. The calculation formula provided well reflects the distribution characteristics of the maximum tidal bore pressure on the vertical line through the verification of the measured data or the test data, and the calculation error is small. The method can be used as a powerful tool for calculating the maximum tidal bore pressure at each position on a vertical line in the design of cylindrical pile type lower structures such as piers, wharfs and the like or tidal bore research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical distribution diagram of the maximum pressure of the tidal bore on the tidal face of a typical cylindrical pile.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the relationship between the non-factor tidal depth and the non-factor tidal maximum pressure.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating relevant parameters when a tidal bore occurs. In the figure: c is the tidal bore propagation velocity, V0Pre-tidal flow rate, h0Depth of water before tide, h1The depth of water after tidal bore, H the height of tidal bore, V1Flow velocity after tidal bore, hsThe water level difference between the upstream surface and the downstream surface when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1: the implementation flow of the method for calculating the maximum pressure and the vertical distribution of the maximum pressure of the tidal bore impact cylindrical pile is shown in figure 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring related data
Obtaining the pre-tidal water depth h of a certain tidal bore by a field observation or test measurement method0Pre-tidal flow velocity V0And tidal bore height H. And verifying the reasonableness of the data through comparison of historical data, and re-observing unreasonable data.
Step two, calculating the tidal bore propagation speed
Substituting the current tidal bore propagation speed theoretical formula (1) derived from a one-dimensional continuity equation and a momentum equation into the relevant data obtained in the step one to calculate the tidal bore propagation speed c;
h1＝h0+H (2)
in the formula: v0Before tideFlow rate, h0Depth of water before tide, h1The water depth after tidal bore, H the height of tidal bore and g the acceleration of gravity;
formula (1) comes from [ pennlaohong, luhai swallow, zeng sword, qiantanjiangchao characteristics and numerical simulation [ J ]. water conservancy and water transport engineering, 2008, (2): 1-9.
Step three, calculating the maximum pressure of the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile
The maximum pressure of the tidal bore is caused by the fact that the front part of the vertical wave crest of the tidal bore head collides with the cylindrical pile, and the problem of water flow impact is solved. Therefore, by taking the pressure calculation formula of the water flow impacting cylinder as reference, the maximum impact coefficient is calibrated by using the indoor test result, and the calculation formula (3) of the maximum pressure can be deduced. Calculating the maximum pressure P on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile by using the tidal bore propagation speed obtained in the step twomax：
In the formula: c is the tidal bore propagation velocity, ρ is the density of water, CmaxThe maximum impact coefficient of the tidal bore is 1.8-2.2.
Indoor test results show that the maximum pressure of the tidal bore on the vertical line is within the height range of 0.2-0.4 times of the tidal bore above the water level before the tide, the average value is 0.3, the tidal bore pressure is reduced along with the deepening of the water depth below the maximum value, and the tidal bore pressure is also reduced along with the position improvement on the upper part, as shown in figure 2 (in figure 2, the vertical coordinate is the height from the river bottom to the upper part on the cylindrical pile, and the horizontal coordinate is the pressure on the vertical line of the cylindrical pile).
Step four, calculating the maximum pressure of each measuring point on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile
The specific calculation method is as follows in sequence:
a. distance Z from river bottom at certain measuring point1The relation between the position and the pre-tidal water depth is determined, and the dimensionless depth Z 'of the position is calculated'1I.e., formula (4);
b. the maximum pressure of the perpendicular line obtained by calculation according to the above formula (3) and the dimensionless depth Z 'obtained by the formula (4)'1Calculating the maximum pressure of the measuring point, namely the formula (5);
the formula (3) and the formula (5) are respectively calculation formulas of the maximum pressure on the vertical line and the maximum pressure of each measuring point on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile. Through experimental data verification (see fig. 3, the dots in the figure are experimental values, and the solid line is a calculated value of formula (5)), the experimental values are more uniformly distributed on two sides of the calculated value, and the correlation coefficient R of the calculated value and the experimental values can reach 0.75. And the maximum pressure of each measuring point is in a complex nonlinear relation along the water depth, and the change characteristic that the tidal bore pressure is reduced above 0 and below 0 in the dimensionless water depth is shown. Therefore, the distribution characteristics of the maximum tidal bore pressure on the vertical line can be better reflected by the formula, and the calculation accuracy is higher.
Example 2: further explanation is given with tidal bore measured data.
The pre-tidal water depth h of a certain tidal bore is obtained through the field observation of a self-recording water level meter and a three-dimensional acoustic Doppler current meter (ADV)01.06m, pre-tidal flow velocity V0The tidal bore height H is 2.1m and-0.47 m/s.
First, the tidal bore propagation velocity c was calculated from equation (1) using the above-mentioned pre-tidal water depth, tidal bore height, and pre-tidal flow velocity, and was found to be 7.24 m/s.
Then, the maximum pressure P of the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile is calculated by substituting the formula (3) with the tidal bore propagation speed and the maximum tidal bore impact coefficient (2.0)max＝52.44Kpa。
Finally, the maximum tidal bore pressures at distances Z from the river bottom of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.66, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0m were calculated from equation (5) to be 18.62, 33.57, 47.45, 52.44, 38.29, 24.11 and 15.18Kpa, respectively.
On-site pressure observation shows that the maximum pressure of the tidal bore at the positions of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5m is 30.92, 48.87, 42.11 and 23.02Kpa when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile. The calculated values are within 10% of the calculated error of the measured values.
While the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the invention, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for calculating the maximum pressure intensity and the vertical distribution of the maximum pressure intensity of the tidal bore impact cylindrical pile comprises the following steps of:
step one, acquiring related data
Obtaining the pre-tidal water depth h of a certain tidal bore by a field observation or test measurement method0Pre-tidal flow velocity V0And tidal bore height H;
step two, calculating the tidal bore propagation speed
Substituting the relevant data obtained in the step one into a tidal bore propagation speed theoretical formula (1) to calculate a tidal bore propagation speed c;
h1＝h0+H (2)
in the formula: v0Pre-tidal flow rate, h0Depth of water before tide, h1The water depth after tidal bore, H the height of tidal bore and g the acceleration of gravity;
step three, calculating the maximum pressure of the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile
By taking the pressure calculation formula of the water flow impact cylinder as reference, the maximum impact coefficient is calibrated by using the indoor test result, and the calculation formula (3) of the maximum pressure is deduced; and calculating by using the tidal bore propagation speed obtained in the step twoMaximum pressure P on vertical line when tidal bore impacts cylindrical pilemax：
In the formula: c is the tidal bore propagation velocity, ρ is the density of water, CmaxIs the maximum impact coefficient of tidal bore, CmaxThe value is 1.8-2.2;
step four, calculating the maximum pressure of each measuring point on the vertical line when the tidal bore impacts the cylindrical pile
The calculation steps are as follows:
a. distance Z from river bottom at certain measuring point1The relation between the position and the pre-tidal water depth is determined, and the dimensionless depth Z 'of the position is calculated'1；
b. The maximum pressure of the perpendicular line obtained by calculation according to the formula (3) and the dimensionless depth Z 'obtained by the formula (4)'1Calculating the maximum pressure P of the measuring point1；
2. The method for calculating the maximum pressure of the cylindrical pile impacted by the tidal bore and the vertical distribution of the maximum pressure of the cylindrical pile impacted by the tidal bore according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the derivation process of the maximum pressure on the vertical line when the cylindrical pile is impacted by the tidal bore in the third step is as follows: based on a semi-theoretical semi-empirical calculation formula of water flow impact pressure, the maximum impact coefficient C is calibrated by utilizing the maximum pressure of a vertical line obtained by an indoor testmaxThe value is 1.8-2.2 by calibration, and the average value is 2.0.
3. The method for calculating the maximum pressure and the vertical distribution of the tidal bore impact cylindrical pile according to claim 1,the method is characterized in that: the derivation process of the maximum pressure of each measuring point on the vertical line when the cylindrical pile is impacted by the tidal bore in the fourth step is as follows: firstly, dimensionless processing is introduced, the dimensionless depth is defined as shown in formula (4), and the dimensionless tidal bore maximum pressure P1/Pmax(ii) a Secondly, acquiring the dimensionless depth and the corresponding dimensionless tidal bore maximum pressure by a tidal bore water tank test method; and finally, establishing a quantitative relation of the vertical type (5) by regression according to the principle of least square method, wherein the correlation coefficient of the quantitative relation reaches 0.75.
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