CN110057338B - Workpiece origin self-adaptive setting method based on composite measurement - Google Patents
Workpiece origin self-adaptive setting method based on composite measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN110057338B CN110057338B CN201910437106.0A CN201910437106A CN110057338B CN 110057338 B CN110057338 B CN 110057338B CN 201910437106 A CN201910437106 A CN 201910437106A CN 110057338 B CN110057338 B CN 110057338B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/042—Calibration or calibration artifacts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/20—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring contours or curvatures, e.g. determining profile
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of part machining centers, and discloses a workpiece origin self-adaptive setting method based on composite measurement, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps of 1) carrying out non-contact type full-face scanning measurement to obtain full-field three-dimensional scanning data comprising a workbench and a workpiece blank; 2) model registration and feature recognition are carried out, and the initial position of the workpiece origin in a machine tool coordinate system is obtained; 3) planning a measuring point and a measuring path, and determining a contact type measuring point and planning the measuring path according to the characteristic appearance of the workpiece blank and the initial position of the original point of the workpiece; 4) and (4) contact high-precision measurement is carried out, and accurate workpiece origin position coordinates are obtained. The method has the advantages of high measurement efficiency of the origin of the workpiece, good precision and no need of personnel participation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of part machining centers, and particularly relates to a workpiece origin self-adaptive setting method based on composite measurement.
Background
The origin of the workpiece is the origin of the coordinate system of the workpiece, is used for determining the positions of all elements of the geometric shape of the workpiece, and is also a reference point for numerical control programming. The origin of the workpiece is selected according to the shape of the blank and the principles of simplifying programming calculation and easily setting the tool. Before numerical control machining is carried out, the offset of the workpiece origin relative to the machine tool origin needs to be obtained so as to determine the position of the workpiece origin in a machine tool coordinate system. The setting of the original point of the workpiece is one of more complex auxiliary work in numerical control machining, the accuracy of measurement directly influences the machining precision of parts, the measurement time directly occupies the working reality of a machine tool, and the production efficiency of products is influenced.
At present, a commonly used workpiece origin setting method for a numerical control milling machine comprises the following steps: trial cutting and counter cutting, contact probe measurement, and the like. The trial cutting method is the most traditional measuring method, does not need other auxiliary equipment, but has high requirements on operators, long time consumption, poor stability and low measuring precision. Along with the development of the contact type measuring head, the contact type measuring head is arranged on the main shaft cutter holder to replace a cutter, and the measuring head is used for measuring, so that the measuring precision and efficiency can be effectively improved, but the measurement planning and the measurement operation of the original point of the workpiece of the existing numerical control milling machine still need manual participation. How to realize the autonomous planning of the measurement path of the original point of the workpiece and the automatic completion of the measurement process so as to improve the intelligence of the measurement process, further ensure the measurement precision and improve the measurement efficiency, and is the target for technicians to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem and provides a workpiece origin self-adaptive setting method based on composite non-contact and contact measurement, aiming at the defect that the workpiece origin setting of the existing numerical control milling machine requires personnel to participate in the measurement technology. The global appearance of the workpiece is obtained through non-contact scanning measurement, the profile characteristics of the workpiece are extracted according to scanning measurement data, contact type accurate measurement is guided, and automatic measurement of the origin of the workpiece without manual intervention is achieved.
The method has the advantages of integrating non-contact measurement energy efficiency to obtain the complete appearance of the workpiece and contact measurement to realize high-precision measurement, integrating a feature recognition and measurement path planning method, and performing seamless integration with a machine tool by means of on-machine measurement technology, thereby exerting the advantages of convenience in installation and precision in positioning, and ensuring that the measurement efficiency of the original point of the workpiece is high, the precision is good and personnel are not required to participate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a self-adaptive setting method of workpiece origin based on composite measurement is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of 1) carrying out non-contact type full-face scanning measurement to obtain full-field three-dimensional scanning data comprising a workbench and a workpiece blank;
2) model registration and feature recognition are carried out, and the initial position of the workpiece origin in a machine tool coordinate system is obtained;
3) planning a measuring point and a measuring path, and determining a contact type measuring point and planning the measuring path according to the characteristic appearance of the workpiece blank and the initial position of the original point of the workpiece;
4) and (4) contact high-precision measurement is carried out, and accurate workpiece origin position coordinates are obtained.
Preferably, in the step one, non-contact type full-view scanning measurement is performed, a non-contact scanner is installed on a main shaft tool seat, the non-contact scanner is driven to perform measurement on full-view data of a workbench and a workpiece blank through interpolation motion of X, Y linear shafts, and measured point cloud data are transmitted to an upper computer.
Preferably, model registration and feature identification are carried out, workbench features are separated from the measured point cloud data, and the separated workbench surface is registered with the workbench surface in the virtual prototype of the numerical control milling machine, so that coordinate unification between the measured data model and the virtual prototype is realized; identifying a characteristic surface containing the origin of the workpiece and a regular profile adjacent to the characteristic surface in the measured point cloud data; and obtaining a coordinate value of the origin of the workpiece according to the characteristic surface of the working origin, obtaining a relative deviation value of the coordinate of the origin of the workpiece and the coordinate of the origin of the machine tool under a unified reference coordinate system, and realizing initial setting of the working origin through the machine tool.
Preferably, step three, planning the measuring points and the measuring paths, obtaining the characteristic appearance and the size of the workpiece blank based on the identified characteristic surface and the adjacent regular molded surface, planning the contact type measuring points and the measuring paths according to the initial position of the original point of the workpiece, and generating a measuring numerical control program.
Preferably, step four, contact type high-precision measurement, wherein a high-precision contact type measuring head is installed on the main shaft tool seat, and the automatic and precise measurement of the original point of the workpiece is realized by utilizing a measurement numerical control program.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method disclosed by the invention integrates the advantages of high non-contact measurement efficiency, capability of quickly obtaining the appearance of the blank and accurate adjustment of contact measurement, realizes seamless integration with a machine tool by means of an on-machine measurement technology, and realizes unmanned autonomous setting of a working origin.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece origin adaptive setting method based on composite measurement according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a workpiece origin self-adaptive setting method based on composite measurement includes the steps of 1) non-contact type full-view scanning measurement to obtain full-field three-dimensional scanning data including a workbench and a workpiece;
the non-contact type full-face scanning measurement is characterized in that a workpiece to be processed is arranged on a workbench through a clamp, a non-contact scanner is arranged on a main shaft cutter seat, the non-contact scanner is driven to measure the full-face data of the workbench and a workpiece blank through the interpolation motion of X, Y linear shafts in the stroke of the workbench, and the point cloud data P containing three-dimensional full-face is obtainedtestAnd transmits it to the upper computer.
2) Model registration and feature recognition are carried out, and the initial position of the workpiece origin in a machine tool coordinate system is obtained;
the data model is registered and the characteristics are identified, the characteristics of a workbench are separated from the measured point cloud data, and the separated workbench surface is registered with the workbench surface in the virtual prototype of the numerical control milling machine, so that the coordinate unification between the measured data model and the virtual prototype is realized; identifying a characteristic surface containing the origin of the workpiece and a regular profile adjacent to the characteristic surface in the measured point cloud data; and obtaining a coordinate value of the origin of the workpiece according to the characteristic surface of the origin of the workpiece, obtaining a relative deviation value of the coordinate of the origin of the workpiece and the coordinate of the origin of the machine tool under a unified reference coordinate system, and realizing initial setting of the work origin through the machine tool.
Model registration, point cloud data PtestConversion into triangular mesh model Mtest. Obtaining regular feature sub-grid data M of working table in triangular grid model datapSimultaneously, the surface model of the working table in the virtual prototype of the numerical control milling machine is also converted into a triangular mesh model Mm. Performing M by principal component analysisp、MmAnd (4) registering the two grid models. Thereby bringing the coordinate system of the scan data model together with the coordinate system of the virtual prototype model.
Feature recognition in a triangular mesh model MtestIn the method, a sub-grid model M which does not contain a workbench and only contains a blank is separatednAt MnIdentifying the characteristic face of the blank. If the blank is rectangular, identifying the upper surface and four surrounding planes; if cylindrical, the upper surface and the conical surface are identified. Based on the identified workpiece origin feature plane, a workpiece origin, such as a rectangular or cylindrical upper surface center point p, is obtainedc。
Solving initial coordinates, and calculating the original point p of the workpiece under a unified reference coordinate systemcWith machine tool origin coordinates ptDifference between pe(x,y,z)＝pc-pt. P is to beeThe X, Y, Z coordinate value of (1) is written into the G54 coordinate of the numerical control system, namely, the automatic setting of the initial workpiece origin is realized.
3) Planning a measuring point and a measuring path, and determining a contact type measuring point and planning the measuring path according to the characteristic appearance of the workpiece blank and the initial position of the original point of the workpiece;
and planning the measuring points and the measuring paths, preparing for accurate contact measurement based on the identified original point characteristic surface of the blank workpiece and the adjacent regular molded surface, and planning the high-precision contact measuring points and the measuring paths.
Due to the fact that the non-contact measurement precision is not high enough, the coordinate value of the original point of the initial workpiece is not accurate, and further correction is needed in high-requirement occasions through contact high-precision measurement.
On the identified profile, a measurement point was selected in each of the positive and negative directions X, Y and in the positive direction Z. Measurements of selected points are planned to be taken from X, Y in both the positive and negative directions, respectively, and the negative direction of the Z-axis, respectively, near the blank. The starting point of the measurement is at the position which is parallel to the X, Y, Z axis and is 50mm away, and the fast-forwarding route plans a straight line which does not collide with the clamp and the blank based on the three-dimensional scanning model. And generating a measurement code according to a contact type measurement instruction format based on the planned contact type measurement point and the measurement path.
4) And (4) contact high-precision measurement is carried out, and accurate workpiece origin position coordinates are obtained.
And (2) contact type high-precision measurement, namely mounting a high-precision contact type measuring head on a main shaft tool seat, realizing measurement of a planning point by utilizing an automatically generated measurement numerical control program, calculating to obtain an accurate coordinate value of the original point of the workpiece, and correcting a X, Y, Z coordinate value in a G54 coordinate of a numerical control system, thereby realizing accurate setting of the original point of the workpiece.
The embodiments described above are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A self-adaptive setting method of workpiece origin based on composite measurement is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, non-contact type full-view scanning measurement is carried out to obtain full-field three-dimensional scanning data comprising a workbench and a workpiece blank;
secondly, model registration and feature identification, separating the characteristics of a workbench from the measured point cloud data, and registering the separated workbench surface with the workbench surface in a virtual prototype of the numerical control milling machine, so that the coordinate unification between the measured data model and the virtual prototype is realized; identifying a characteristic surface containing a workpiece origin point and a regular profile surface adjacent to the characteristic surface of the workpiece origin point in the measured point cloud data; acquiring a coordinate value of an original point of a workpiece according to a characteristic surface of the original point of the workpiece, acquiring a relative offset value of the coordinate of the original point of the workpiece and the coordinate of the original point of the machine tool under a unified reference coordinate system, and realizing initial setting of the original point of the workpiece through the machine tool;
planning a measuring point and a measuring path, acquiring the characteristic appearance and the size of a workpiece blank based on the identified characteristic surface and the adjacent regular molded surface, planning a contact type measuring point and a measuring path according to the characteristic appearance of the workpiece blank and the initial position of the original point of the workpiece, and generating a measuring numerical control program;
and step four, contact type high-precision measurement, namely mounting a high-precision contact type measuring head on the main shaft cutter seat, and realizing automatic and accurate measurement of the position coordinate of the original point of the workpiece by utilizing a measurement numerical control program.
2. The workpiece origin point self-adaptive setting method based on composite measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, non-contact type full-view scanning measurement is performed, a non-contact scanner is installed on a main shaft tool seat, the non-contact scanner is driven to perform measurement of full-view data of a workbench and a workpiece blank through interpolation motion of X, Y linear axes, and measured point cloud data is transmitted to an upper computer.
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| CN111361337B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-05-28 | 深圳市联合蓝海黄金材料科技股份有限公司 | Shape following measurement processing control method for three-dimensional circular jewelry |
| CN111843609A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 成都市新都立新金属制造有限公司 | Part machining and positioning method |
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