CN110056762B - Low-temperature liquid storage tank - Google Patents

Low-temperature liquid storage tank Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110056762B
CN110056762B CN201910411602.9A CN201910411602A CN110056762B CN 110056762 B CN110056762 B CN 110056762B CN 201910411602 A CN201910411602 A CN 201910411602A CN 110056762 B CN110056762 B CN 110056762B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wall
barrier structure
low
temperature liquid
neck
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Application number
CN201910411602.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110056762A (en
Inventor
陈六彪
王俊杰
季伟
郭嘉
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Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Priority to CN201910411602.9A priority Critical patent/CN110056762B/en
Publication of CN110056762A publication Critical patent/CN110056762A/en
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Publication of CN110056762B publication Critical patent/CN110056762B/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0133—Shape toroidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature liquid storage, and provides a low-temperature liquid storage tank, which comprises: the inner side of the inner wall forms a storage cavity for containing low-temperature liquid, the barrier structure is arranged on the outer side of the inner wall, one end of the thermal connection device is connected with the barrier structure, and the other end of the thermal connection device is in contact with the low-temperature liquid at the bottom of the storage cavity. According to the low-temperature liquid storage tank provided by the invention, the barrier structure is arranged on the outer side of the inner wall, and the heat leakage quantity transferred to the barrier structure by the outer wall is transferred to the bottom of the storage cavity through the thermal connecting device.

Description

Low-temperature liquid storage tank
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature liquid storage, in particular to a low-temperature liquid storage tank.
Background
The low-temperature liquid has small heat conductivity, and when external leaked heat is transferred into the storage tank in the storage process, the low-temperature liquid close to the wall surface of the storage tank cannot timely diffuse heat, so that the temperature of the low-temperature liquid rises and is vaporized, and the liquid in the storage tank is often in a supercooled state at the moment, namely, the low-temperature liquid is stored and has a thermal stratification phenomenon, which is very unfavorable for long-term storage of the low-temperature liquid.
At present, a stirring mode is generally adopted to inhibit and destroy the thermal stratification, but the stirring needs to introduce an additional device working at a low temperature, and the stirring has certain defects in aspects of structural complexity, system reliability, cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a low-temperature liquid storage tank, which can inhibit the problem that low-temperature liquid in the existing low-temperature liquid storage tank is easy to cause thermal stratification when leaking heat.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-temperature liquid tank, including: the inner side of the inner wall forms a storage cavity for containing low-temperature liquid, the barrier structure is arranged on the outer side of the inner wall, one end of the thermal connection device is connected with the barrier structure, and the other end of the thermal connection device is in contact with the low-temperature liquid at the bottom of the storage cavity.
Preferably, the vacuum chamber is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, the barrier structure is arranged in the vacuum chamber, and a first heat insulation layer is filled between the barrier structure and the outer side of the inner wall.
Preferably, a second heat-insulating layer is further arranged in the vacuum cavity, the second heat-insulating layer is wrapped outside the first heat-insulating layer, and the barrier structure is located between the first heat-insulating layer and the second heat-insulating layer.
Preferably, a neck pipe is arranged between the outer wall and the inner wall, the side wall of the neck pipe is in sealing arrangement with the vacuum cavity, one end of the neck pipe is communicated with the upper space of the storage cavity, and the other end of the neck pipe is communicated with the outside of the vacuum cavity.
Preferably, a gap is left between the barrier structure and the sidewall of the neck.
Preferably, the barrier structure is a cold screen.
Preferably, the thermal connection means is located at the bottom centre of the reservoir.
Preferably, the outer wall is provided with a vacuum suction nozzle.
(III) beneficial effects
According to the low-temperature liquid storage tank provided by the embodiment of the invention, the barrier structure is arranged on the outer side of the inner wall, and the heat leakage quantity transmitted to the barrier structure by the outer wall is transmitted to the bottom of the storage cavity through the thermal connecting device.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cryogenic liquid tank of an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1. a neck tube; 2. a vacuum pumping nozzle; 3. an outer wall; 4. a barrier structure; 5. an inner wall; 6. a vacuum chamber; 7. a second heat-insulating layer; 8. a first heat-retaining layer; 9. a thermal connection device; 10. a cryogenic liquid; 11. and (3) gas.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cryogenic liquid tank, including: the inner wall 5, the barrier structure 4 and the thermal connecting device 9, wherein a storage cavity for containing the cryogenic liquid is formed on the inner side of the inner wall 5, the barrier structure 4 is arranged on the outer side of the inner wall 5 and surrounds the inner wall 5, the barrier structure 4 is used for absorbing heat leakage transferred from the outside of the storage tank, the barrier structure 4 is made of a heat conducting material, and a cold screen, an adsorption array or a baffle can be adopted.
The thermal connection device 9 is also made of a heat conducting material, one end of the thermal connection device is connected with the barrier structure 4, the other end of the thermal connection device is in contact with the low-temperature liquid 10 at the bottom of the storage cavity, and the thermal connection device is used for transferring heat of the barrier structure 4 to the low-temperature liquid 10 at the bottom. The cryogenic liquid 10 to which embodiments of the present invention relate may be liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, or other cryogenic liquids.
According to the low-temperature liquid storage tank provided by the embodiment, the barrier structure is arranged on the outer side of the inner wall, the heat leakage quantity transmitted to the barrier structure by the outer wall is transmitted to the bottom of the storage cavity through the thermal connecting device, the low-temperature liquid at the bottom of the storage cavity receives heat and then moves upwards due to natural convection, and the low-temperature liquid with higher temperature on the storage cavity moves downwards to form convection, so that the thermal layering phenomenon of the low-temperature liquid is restrained.
On the basis of the embodiment, the low-temperature liquid storage tank further comprises outer walls 3, wherein the outer walls are surrounded on the outer side of the inner wall 5, a gap is reserved between the outer walls, and the gap between the inner wall 5 and the outer wall 3 is of a sealing structure, so that a vacuum cavity 6 is formed. The outer wall 3 is provided with a vacuum suction nozzle 2, so that the vacuum suction operation on the vacuum cavity 6 is facilitated, and the vacuum cavity 6 can be in a state other than vacuum, such as a normal pressure state. The inner wall 5 and the outer wall 3 may have spherical structures or columnar structures, and the shape of the barrier structure 4 may be adaptively adjusted according to the shapes of the inner wall 5 and the outer wall 3, and in this embodiment, a storage tank is exemplified as a columnar structure.
Specifically, the barrier structure 4 is arranged within the vacuum chamber 6, i.e. corresponds to the barrier structure 4 being arranged between the inner wall 5 and the outer wall 3 and surrounding the outer side of the inner wall 3, leaving a gap between the barrier structure 4 and the outer side of the inner wall 5.
In order to prevent heat exchange between the low-temperature liquid 10 in the storage chamber and the vacuum chamber 6 and also prevent heat on the barrier structure 4 from affecting other parts of the low-temperature liquid 10, a gap between the barrier structure 4 and the outside of the inner wall 5 is filled with a first heat-insulating layer 8, and the first heat-insulating layer 8 surrounds the outside of the entire storage chamber.
Further, in order to reduce the transmission of external heat leakage to the barrier structure 4, thereby further reducing delamination, a second insulation layer 7 is further provided in the vacuum chamber 6, the second insulation layer 7 is wrapped outside the first insulation layer 8, and the barrier structure 4 is located between the first insulation layer 8 and the second insulation layer 7.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a cryogenic liquid storage tank, where a neck pipe 1 is provided between the outer wall 3 and the inner wall 5, where the neck pipe 1 is used to facilitate adding the cryogenic liquid 10 and the gas 11 into the storage cavity, and the gas 11 is generally an inert gas, so as to facilitate storage of the cryogenic liquid 10. The side wall of the neck pipe 1 and the vacuum cavity 6 are arranged in a sealing way, and are of a relatively independent space structure. One end of the neck pipe 1 passes through the inner wall 5 and is communicated with the upper space of the storage cavity, the other end of the neck pipe 1 passes through the outer wall 3 and is communicated with the outside of the vacuum cavity 6, and when the addition of cryogenic liquid and gas is not needed, one end of the neck pipe 1, which is close to the outer wall 3, can be sealed by adopting a sealing element. The addition of the cryogenic liquid 10 into the storage chamber through the neck tube 1 does not affect the sealability of the vacuum chamber 6.
Wherein, in order to prevent heat transfer through the neck 1 to the barrier structure 4, a gap is left between the barrier structure 4 and the side wall of the neck 1, which are not in direct connection. The barrier structure 4 adopts a cold screen with a cylindrical structure, so that the heat absorption area can be increased, and the heat loss can be reduced.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the thermal connection device 9 is specifically located at the bottom center of the storage cavity, one end of the thermal connection device vertically penetrates through the inner wall 5, and the other end of the thermal connection device is also vertically connected with the barrier structure 4, so that the bottommost cryogenic liquid 10 is ensured to move upwards after the temperature rises, the convection effect is best, and the thermal stratification phenomenon is better inhibited.
The low-temperature liquid storage tank provided by the embodiment is characterized in that the cold screen (the upper part of the cold screen is not connected with the neck pipe) is arranged between the first heat-insulating material and the second heat-insulating material, the heat leakage quantity transmitted to the cold screen by the outer wall is transmitted to the bottom of the storage cavity through the heat connecting device, the low-temperature liquid at the bottom of the storage cavity receives heat and then moves upwards due to natural convection, and the low-temperature liquid with higher temperature on the storage cavity moves downwards to form convection, so that the thermal layering phenomenon of the low-temperature liquid is restrained.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A cryogenic liquid tank comprising an inner wall, the inner side of the inner wall forming a storage cavity for containing cryogenic liquid, characterized by further comprising: a barrier structure and a thermal connection device, wherein the barrier structure is arranged outside the inner wall, one end of the thermal connection device is connected with the barrier structure, and the other end of the thermal connection device is contacted with the low-temperature liquid at the bottom of the storage cavity;
the vacuum chamber is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, the barrier structure is arranged in the vacuum chamber, and a first heat preservation layer is filled between the barrier structure and the outer side of the inner wall;
the vacuum cavity is internally provided with a second heat preservation layer, the second heat preservation layer is wrapped outside the first heat preservation layer, and the barrier structure is positioned between the first heat preservation layer and the second heat preservation layer;
wherein the barrier structure is a cold screen, and the thermal connection device is positioned at the bottom center of the storage cavity.
2. The cryogenic liquid tank of claim 1, wherein a neck is provided between the outer wall and the inner wall, a side wall of the neck is provided in a sealed manner with the vacuum chamber, one end of the neck is in communication with an upper space of the storage chamber, and the other end of the neck is in communication with an outside of the vacuum chamber.
3. The cryogenic liquid tank of claim 2 wherein a gap is left between the barrier structure and the sidewall of the neck.
4. A cryogenic liquid tank according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outer wall is provided with a vacuum nozzle.
CN201910411602.9A 2019-05-17 2019-05-17 Low-temperature liquid storage tank Active CN110056762B (en)

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CN110056762B true CN110056762B (en) 2023-12-19

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CN114684506B (en) * 2020-12-29 2024-05-28 北京航天试验技术研究所 Horizontal container for storing low-temperature liquid
CN116066654B (en) * 2023-02-20 2024-05-10 深圳中广核工程设计有限公司 Pipeline system for eliminating nuclear power pipeline thermal fatigue
CN117662974B (en) * 2023-12-01 2024-07-30 中国特种设备检测研究院 Vapor cold screen system for large-scale ship-borne liquid hydrogen spherical tank and working method thereof

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JPS5923198A (en) * 1982-07-28 1984-02-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Low temperature liquid tank
JPH0694197A (en) * 1991-12-27 1994-04-05 Ishii Iron Works Co Ltd Bottom heater for cold storage tank
JP2001082888A (en) * 1999-09-10 2001-03-30 Izena:Kk Cooling/heating construction improved in heat storage effect of water container
JP2005090720A (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-04-07 Yazaki Corp Liquefied gas feeding device
CN201588159U (en) * 2010-01-26 2010-09-22 菏泽市公路管理局工程三处 Balanced temperature increase device for asphalt of storing tank
JP2012034940A (en) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-23 Kamae Daizo Flame heat receiving vessel
CN103512251A (en) * 2013-09-29 2014-01-15 江苏中储能源装备有限公司 Technology and device for melt and condensation prevention of solar photo-thermal power generation phase-change energy-storage medium
CN103575145A (en) * 2013-11-04 2014-02-12 西安建筑科技大学 D-shaped latent heat storage component
CN207473913U (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-06-08 乐山师范学院 For demonstrating the teaching appliance of the convection phenomena of water
CN207599332U (en) * 2017-11-08 2018-07-10 新地能源工程技术有限公司 A kind of spherical tank device for being used to store cryogenic liquid
CN208293348U (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-12-28 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 A kind of sleeping tank of novel asphalt and a kind of pitch sprinkling car
CN109723962A (en) * 2019-02-26 2019-05-07 重庆零壹空间航天科技有限公司 Cryogenic propellant tank, long-term in-orbit integrated low temperature storage are for system and method
CN210179302U (en) * 2019-05-17 2020-03-24 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Low-temperature liquid storage tank

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5923198A (en) * 1982-07-28 1984-02-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Low temperature liquid tank
JPH0694197A (en) * 1991-12-27 1994-04-05 Ishii Iron Works Co Ltd Bottom heater for cold storage tank
JP2001082888A (en) * 1999-09-10 2001-03-30 Izena:Kk Cooling/heating construction improved in heat storage effect of water container
JP2005090720A (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-04-07 Yazaki Corp Liquefied gas feeding device
CN201588159U (en) * 2010-01-26 2010-09-22 菏泽市公路管理局工程三处 Balanced temperature increase device for asphalt of storing tank
JP2012034940A (en) * 2010-08-10 2012-02-23 Kamae Daizo Flame heat receiving vessel
CN103512251A (en) * 2013-09-29 2014-01-15 江苏中储能源装备有限公司 Technology and device for melt and condensation prevention of solar photo-thermal power generation phase-change energy-storage medium
CN103575145A (en) * 2013-11-04 2014-02-12 西安建筑科技大学 D-shaped latent heat storage component
CN207473913U (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-06-08 乐山师范学院 For demonstrating the teaching appliance of the convection phenomena of water
CN207599332U (en) * 2017-11-08 2018-07-10 新地能源工程技术有限公司 A kind of spherical tank device for being used to store cryogenic liquid
CN208293348U (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-12-28 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 A kind of sleeping tank of novel asphalt and a kind of pitch sprinkling car
CN109723962A (en) * 2019-02-26 2019-05-07 重庆零壹空间航天科技有限公司 Cryogenic propellant tank, long-term in-orbit integrated low temperature storage are for system and method
CN210179302U (en) * 2019-05-17 2020-03-24 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Low-temperature liquid storage tank

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