CN110053787B - Complex curved surface high dynamic deformation measurement system and measurement method based on intelligent skin - Google Patents

Complex curved surface high dynamic deformation measurement system and measurement method based on intelligent skin Download PDF

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CN110053787B
CN110053787B CN201910390048.0A CN201910390048A CN110053787B CN 110053787 B CN110053787 B CN 110053787B CN 201910390048 A CN201910390048 A CN 201910390048A CN 110053787 B CN110053787 B CN 110053787B
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于瑞航
曹聚亮
吴美平
蔡劭琨
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of deformation measurement, and discloses a complex curved surface high dynamic deformation measurement system and a measurement method based on an intelligent skin. The complex curved surface high dynamic deformation measurement system based on the intelligent skin mainly comprises the intelligent skin, a signal source generator, a signal receiving terminal, a radio frequency cable, a modem and other subsystems. The method for measuring the high dynamic deformation of the complex curved surface based on the intelligent skin is based on a deformation measuring system and mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, attaching a flexible intelligent skin to the surface of a curved surface structure; secondly, a signal source generator generates a carrier signal; thirdly, the receiving terminal captures the signal and carries out demodulation processing; and finally, accurately calculating the position information of each skin, and realizing the deformation measurement of the complex curved surface based on mass data. The invention adopts the flexible skin, does not change the ideal aerodynamic shape of the aircraft, and has the advantages of real-time performance, expandability, low cost and the like.

Description

Complex curved surface high dynamic deformation measurement system and measurement method based on intelligent skin
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the field of deformation measurement, and particularly relates to a complex curved surface high dynamic deformation measurement system and a measurement method based on an intelligent skin.
Background art:
the wing deformation measurement is an important content of the research of the aircraft structure health detection technology, the aircraft wing is a typical representative of a complex curved surface, and the existing monitoring methods for the deformation of the complex curved surfaces such as the wing mainly comprise two types: one is to perform remote measurement by using an external device such as a stereo camera and a scanner, and the other is to perform contact measurement by attaching or embedding a sensor along a surface into a curved surface. Comparison documents (congratulation, etc., application and development of intelligent flexible deformable wing technology, report of mechanical engineering, 2018) indicate that most of the traditional measurement and sensing monitoring methods adopt a first type of method to measure the three-dimensional shape and deformation of a structure, and although the methods can achieve higher measurement accuracy, the method has two problems in wing deformation measurement: firstly, special instruments and equipment need to be arranged around the wing, the operable range and the portability are limited, the measurement frequency is low, the dynamic property is poor, and the requirement of real-time monitoring in actual flight is difficult to meet; secondly, it is difficult to measure some closed structures and structures with complex curved surfaces. In recent years, contact type measurement methods based on surface-mounted or embedded micro sensors are widely researched, and mainly include a fiber grating sensing method, which can realize direct measurement of physical quantities such as temperature, strain and the like, but needs to solve the problems of cross-sensitive differential measurement of temperature and stress, measurement accuracy and the like.
The intelligent skin is an advanced technology proposed by the American air force, and an intelligent system is implanted into a skin layer of an organism to realize the functions of airflow detection, temperature and humidity detection or organism damage assessment and the like on the surface of the organism. The 'skin' in the intelligent skin is a special bearing mode which protrudes the conformal form of the system from the angle of equipment, and the 'intelligence' represents the perception capability and the autonomous intervention capability of the common skin on the external electromagnetic environment from the angle of the skin. On the existing aircraft, the antenna of the radar and communication system often protrudes out of the surface of the aircraft body in a knife shape or a radome wrapping mode, so that the ideal aerodynamic appearance of the aircraft is damaged, the aerodynamic resistance is increased, and the manufacturing and system maintenance cost of the aircraft is increased. The antenna is manufactured into a flexible skin which is attached to the surface of the aircraft, so that on one hand, signals can be transmitted outwards, and on the other hand, the flexible skin does not change the structure of the aircraft so as to keep an ideal aerodynamic shape.
The deformation measurement plays a key role in the use and maintenance of weaponry, the existing networking camera deformation measurement method cannot meet the requirement of high dynamic measurement, and the adoption of the fiber bragg grating sensor for the deformation measurement only needs to be in a laboratory verification stage because the problem of cross sensitivity of strain and temperature needs to be solved, so that the distance has a larger difference towards practical application. The deformation measurement requirements on complex curved surfaces such as aircraft wings and ship bodies are more and more urgent in the future, a flexible skin antenna is designed, the high-dynamic complex curved surface deformation measurement is realized, and the flexible skin antenna has important significance for accurate damage estimation and prolonging of the service life of equipment.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a complex curved surface high dynamic deformation measuring system and a measuring method based on an intelligent skin, aiming at the problems of low measuring frequency and poor measuring precision in complex curved surface deformation measurement, and the main technical scheme is as follows:
high dynamic deformation measurement system of complicated curved surface based on intelligent covering includes following each branch system: the system comprises an intelligent skin, a signal source generator, a signal receiving terminal, a radio frequency cable and a modem;
the signal source generator is used for generating a specific pseudo-random code carrier signal;
the intelligent skin is attached to each part of the surface of the airplane wing through glue, and is used for receiving a pseudo-random code carrier signal sent by a signal source generator, adding self ID identification information into the original carrier signal and then sending the carrier signal in a radio wave form;
the signal receiving terminal is used for receiving a carrier signal transmitted by the intelligent skin antenna;
the modem is used for demodulating and analyzing the carrier signal received by the signal receiving terminal, calculating the time for the signal transmitted by each intelligent skin to reach the receiving terminal, and completing high-precision ranging and complex curved surface deformation measurement functions;
the radio frequency cable is used for connecting the signal source generator, the intelligent skin and the signal receiving terminal subsystem to complete the signal circulation function.
The method for measuring the high dynamic deformation of the complex curved surface based on the intelligent skin adopts the system for measuring the high dynamic deformation of the complex curved surface based on the intelligent skin to carry out measurement, and comprises the following steps:
step one, attaching a flexible intelligent skin to the surface of a curved surface structure:
attaching an electronic skin made of a nonmetal flexible thin-wall composite material to the inner surface and the outer surface of the curved surface structure, and keeping the ideal aerodynamic shape of the aircraft without changing the structure of the aircraft;
step two, the signal source generator generates carrier signals:
a signal source generator is utilized to generate a specific pseudo-random code carrier signal S, and radio frequency cables with the same material and the same length are utilized to transmit the pseudo-random code carrier signal to intelligent skins attached to different positions on the wings of the aircraftEnabling the time of the signal reaching each intelligent skin to be in a synchronous state; carrier signal S with self ID identification information for intelligent skin antennaiSending out in the form of radio signals;
step three, the receiving terminal captures signals and carries out demodulation processing:
connecting the signal source generator with a signal receiving terminal by adopting a radio frequency cable so as to realize communication interconnection; each intelligent skin antenna sends out carrier signal S with self ID identification informationiAfter receiving the carrier signal, the receiving terminal performs fast demodulation processing according to a preset protocol; performing correlation calculation by using the good autocorrelation characteristic of a pseudorandom signal and using an equation (1), wherein the autocorrelation function calculation equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002056192490000021
wherein S (t) generates a specific pseudo-random code carrier signal for a signal source generator, Si(t-tau) is the ith intelligent skin receiving code received by the receiving terminal, the FLL frequency locking loop finishes the rapid frequency capture of the receiving signal carrier, the PLL completes the accurate tracking of the carrier phase, and the transmission interval tau of the signal sent by each skin to the terminal is calculatedi；
Step four, accurately calculating the position information of each intelligent skin:
obtaining the time tau of each intelligent skin signal reaching the receiving terminal according to the third stepiAccording to the characteristic that the electric wave is linearly transmitted at constant speed in a uniform medium, the distance between two points is in direct proportion to the transmission time of the electric wave, and the accurate position of each skin, namely the accurate position of each skin is calculated
ri＝c·τi(2)
Where c is the speed of propagation of the radio wave, τiThe time of propagation of the electric wave between two points;
and step five, based on the mass data, processing by using a machine learning method to realize the deformation measurement of the complex curved surface:
through the steps one to four, the accurate position measurement of each intelligent skin from the receiving terminal is realized, and the high dynamic deformation measurement of the complex curved surface is realized through comparing the accurate position measurement with the calibration data of the skin position on the wing when the wing is static; with the increase of the test times of different machine types and different curved surfaces, a mass database which is increased continuously is formed by using the data collected by the intelligent skin; furthermore, mass data, particularly measurement data acquired on the surface of equipment with faults, are continuously mined and learned, and a machine learning method is adopted to count, classify, model and predict the data, so that the comprehensive data analysis of key positions on the complex surface is realized; the method for classifying and predicting the measurement data adopts a logistic regression model, and uses a Sigmoid function as an assumed model:
Figure BDA0002056192490000031
wherein
Figure BDA0002056192490000032
n denotes the sample's common n-dimensional feature, fiDenotes the i-th feature of x, thetaiRepresenting the ith characteristic weight of the sample x, realizing the learning of the weight theta through logistic regression training, and determining the probability that the measured value x judges the fault y as follows:
P(y|x；θ)＝hθ(x)y+(1-hθ(x))1-y(4)
determining the loss function as:
Loss(hθ(x),yi)＝log(P(yi|x；θ))＝-[log(hθ(x))·yi+log(1-hθ(x))·(1-yi)](5)
wherein y isiFailure occurred for the ith skin. A total of m skin samples participate in training, and the overall loss of the function is as follows:
Figure BDA0002056192490000033
determining an iterative expression of theta by using a gradient descent method as follows:
Figure BDA0002056192490000034
where m is the number of data concentration points, α is the step size, the superscript (i) represents the ith training sample,
Figure BDA0002056192490000035
the jth feature of the ith training record is shown. And (3) solving the theta vector when the loss function is minimum through calculation and iteration so as to realize the analysis of the complex curved surface deformation measurement data.
In the invention, the measurement of the high dynamic deformation of the complex curved surface based on the intelligent skin can be realized through the five steps.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method has the advantages of real-time performance, expandability, low cost and the like;
(2) the method is suitable for high-precision measurement of the curved surface of the wing in the wind tunnel and dynamic tracking measurement under the actual test flight condition.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a complex curved surface of an airfoil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial layout of a smart skin;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the basic working principle of the smart skin;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of smart skin deformation measurement data processing.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the method of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, in an airplane as an example, the wing is a very complex curved structure, and the traditional measurement method is difficult and heavy in accurately measuring the deformation of the wing. For a complex curved surface, the sensor needs to be tightly attached to the surface of the complex curved surface, so that the ideal pneumatic appearance is not influenced, and high-speed signal transmission needs to be realized.
The invention discloses a method for measuring high dynamic deformation of a complex curved surface based on an intelligent skin, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, attaching a flexible intelligent skin to the surface of a curved surface structure:
attaching an electronic skin made of a nonmetal flexible thin-wall composite material to the inner surface and the outer surface of the curved surface structure, and keeping the ideal aerodynamic shape of the aircraft without changing the structure of the aircraft; as shown in fig. 2, flexible electronic skins are attached to different positions below the wing, which provides convenient conditions for carrying out deformation measurement experiments.
Step two, the signal source generator generates carrier signals:
as shown in fig. 3, a signal source generator is used to generate a specific pseudo-random code carrier signal S, and radio frequency cables of the same material and the same length are used to transmit the pseudo-random code carrier signal S to smart skins attached to different positions on the wings of an aircraft, so that the time when the signal reaches each smart skin is in a synchronous state; carrier signal S with self ID identification information for intelligent skin antennaiSending out in the form of radio signals;
step three, the receiving terminal captures signals and carries out demodulation processing:
connecting the signal source generator with a signal receiving terminal by adopting a radio frequency cable so as to realize communication interconnection; each intelligent skin antenna sends out carrier signal S with self ID identification informationiAfter receiving the carrier signal, the receiving terminal performs fast demodulation processing according to a preset protocol; performing correlation calculation by using the good autocorrelation characteristic of a pseudorandom signal and using an equation (1), wherein the autocorrelation function calculation equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002056192490000041
wherein S (t) generates a specific pseudo-random code carrier signal for a signal source generator, Si(t-tau) is the ith intelligent skin receiving code received by the receiving terminal, the FLL frequency locking loop finishes the rapid frequency capture of the receiving signal carrier, the PLL completes the accurate tracking of the carrier phase, and the transmission interval tau of the signal sent by each skin to the terminal is calculatedi；
Step four, accurately calculating the position information of each intelligent skin:
obtaining the time tau of each intelligent skin signal reaching the receiving terminal according to the third stepiAccording to the characteristic that the electric wave is linearly transmitted at constant speed in a uniform medium, the distance between two points is in direct proportion to the transmission time of the electric wave, and the accurate position of each skin, namely the accurate position of each skin is calculated
ri＝c·τi(2)
Where c is the speed of propagation of the radio wave, τiThe time of propagation of the electric wave between two points;
and step five, based on the mass data, processing by using a machine learning method to realize the deformation measurement of the complex curved surface:
through the steps one to four, the accurate position measurement of each intelligent skin from the receiving terminal is realized, and the high dynamic deformation measurement of the complex curved surface is realized through comparing the accurate position measurement with the calibration data of the skin position on the wing when the wing is static; with the increase of the test times of different machine types and different curved surfaces, a mass database which is increased continuously is formed by using the data collected by the intelligent skin; furthermore, mass data, particularly measurement data acquired on the surface of equipment with faults, are continuously mined and learned, and a machine learning method is adopted to count, classify, model and predict the data, so that the comprehensive data analysis of key positions on the complex surface is realized; the method for classifying and predicting the measurement data adopts a logistic regression model, and uses a Sigmoid function as an assumed model:
Figure BDA0002056192490000051
wherein
Figure BDA0002056192490000052
n denotes the sample's common n-dimensional feature, fiDenotes the i-th feature of x, thetaiRepresenting the ith characteristic weight of the sample x, realizing the learning of the weight theta through logistic regression training, and determining the probability that the measured value x judges the fault y as follows:
P(y|x；θ)＝hθ(x)y+(1-hθ(x))1-y(4)
determining the loss function as:
Loss(hθ(x),yi)＝log(P(yi|x；θ))＝-[log(hθ(x))·yi+log(1-hθ(x))·(1-yi)](5)
wherein y isiFailure occurred for the ith skin. A total of m skin samples participate in training, and the overall loss of the function is as follows:
Figure BDA0002056192490000053
determining an iterative expression of theta by using a gradient descent method as follows:
Figure BDA0002056192490000054
where m is the number of data concentration points, α is the step size, the superscript (i) represents the ith training sample,
Figure BDA0002056192490000055
the jth feature of the ith training record is shown. And (3) solving the theta vector when the loss function is minimum through calculation and iteration so as to realize the analysis of the complex curved surface deformation measurement data.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. High dynamic deformation measurement system of complicated curved surface based on intelligent covering, its characterized in that includes following each branch system: the system comprises an intelligent skin, a signal source generator, a signal receiving terminal, a radio frequency cable and a modem;
the signal source generator is used for generating a specific pseudo-random code carrier signal;
the intelligent skin is attached to each part of the surface of the airplane wing through glue, and is used for receiving a pseudo-random code carrier signal sent by a signal source generator, adding self ID identification information into the original carrier signal and then sending the carrier signal in a radio wave form;
the signal receiving terminal is used for receiving a carrier signal transmitted by the intelligent skin antenna;
the modem is used for demodulating and analyzing the carrier signal received by the signal receiving terminal, calculating the time for the signal transmitted by each intelligent skin to reach the receiving terminal, and completing high-precision ranging and complex curved surface deformation measurement functions;
the radio frequency cable is used for connecting the signal source generator, the intelligent skin and the signal receiving terminal to complete the signal circulation function.
2. The method for measuring the high dynamic deformation of the complex curved surface based on the intelligent skin is characterized by adopting the system for measuring the high dynamic deformation of the complex curved surface based on the intelligent skin as claimed in claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
step one, attaching an intelligent skin to the surface of a curved surface structure:
attaching an intelligent skin made of a nonmetal flexible thin-wall composite material to the inner surface and the outer surface of the curved surface structure, and keeping the ideal aerodynamic shape of the aircraft without changing the structure of the aircraft;
step two, the signal source generator generates carrier signals:
generating a specific pseudo-random code carrier signal S by using a signal source generator, and transmitting the pseudo-random code carrier signal to intelligent skins attached to different positions on the wings of the aircraft by using radio frequency cables which are made of the same material and have the same length, so that the time of the signal reaching each intelligent skin is in a synchronous state; carrier signal S with self ID identification information for intelligent skin antennaiSending out in the form of radio signals;
step three, the receiving terminal captures signals and carries out demodulation processing:
connecting the signal source generator with a signal receiving terminal by adopting a radio frequency cable so as to realize communication interconnection; each intelligent skin antenna sends out carrier signal S with self ID identification informationiAfter receiving the carrier signal, the receiving terminal performs fast demodulation processing according to a preset protocol; performing correlation calculation by using the good autocorrelation characteristic of a pseudorandom signal and using an equation (1), wherein the autocorrelation function calculation equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0002527659950000011
wherein S (t) generates a specific pseudo-random code carrier signal for a signal source generator, Si(t-tau) is the ith intelligent skin receiving code received by the receiving terminal, the FLL frequency locking loop finishes the rapid frequency capture of the receiving signal carrier, the PLL completes the accurate tracking of the carrier phase, and the transmission interval tau of the signal sent by each skin to the terminal is calculatedi；
Step four, accurately calculating the position information of each intelligent skin:
obtaining the transmission interval tau of the signal reaching the terminal by each intelligent skin according to the step threeiAccording to the characteristic that the electric wave is linearly transmitted at constant speed in a uniform medium, the distance between two points is in direct proportion to the transmission time of the electric wave, and the accurate position of each skin, namely the accurate position of each skin is calculated
ri＝c·τi(2)
Where c is the speed of propagation of the radio wave, τiThe time of propagation of the electric wave between two points;
and step five, based on the mass data, processing by using a machine learning method to realize the deformation measurement of the complex curved surface:
through the steps one to four, the accurate position measurement of each intelligent skin from the receiving terminal is realized, and the high dynamic deformation measurement of the complex curved surface is realized through comparing the accurate position measurement with the calibration data of the skin position on the wing when the wing is static; with the increase of the test times of different machine types and different curved surfaces, a mass database which is increased continuously is formed by using the data collected by the intelligent skin; furthermore, continuously mining and learning mass measurement data acquired on the surface of the equipment with the fault, and counting, classifying, modeling and predicting the data by adopting a machine learning method to realize comprehensive data analysis on key positions of the complex surface; the method for classifying and predicting the measurement data adopts a logistic regression model, and uses a Sigmoid function as an assumed model:
Figure FDA0002527659950000021
wherein
Figure FDA0002527659950000022
n denotes the sample's common n-dimensional feature, fiDenotes the i-th feature of x, thetaiRepresenting the ith characteristic weight of the sample x, realizing the learning of the weight theta through logistic regression training, and determining the probability that the measured value x judges the fault y as follows:
P(y|x；θ)＝hθ(x)y+(1-hθ(x))1-y(4)
determining the loss function as:
Loss(hθ(x),yi)＝log(P(yi|x；θ))＝-[log(hθ(x))·yi+log(1-hθ(x))·(1-yi)](5)
wherein y isiFailure occurs for the ith skin; a total of m skin samples participate in training, and the overall loss of the function is as follows:
Figure FDA0002527659950000023
determining an iterative expression of theta by using a gradient descent method as follows:
Figure FDA0002527659950000024
where m is the number of data concentration points, α is the step size, the superscript (i) represents the ith training sample,
Figure FDA0002527659950000025
the jth feature of the ith training record is shown; and (3) solving the theta vector when the loss function is minimum through calculation and iteration so as to realize the analysis of the complex curved surface deformation measurement data.
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CN111169654A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-05-19 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 Deformation monitoring device of aircraft wing
CN113819854B (en) * 2021-11-24 2022-02-08 中国飞机强度研究所 Device and method for measuring deformation of aircraft skin in extreme cold weather test

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB756392A (en) * 1953-02-12 1956-09-05 Lionel Charles Heal Improvements relating to the production of skin-stressed surfaces
CN103048068A (en) * 2013-01-15 2013-04-17 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 Flexible sensing device for measuring head pressure and manufacture method thereof
CN103488832A (en) * 2013-09-23 2014-01-01 大连理工大学 Geometry repair method for damaged area of complex curved surface part
CN103682677A (en) * 2013-11-14 2014-03-26 中国科学院电子学研究所 Airship radar conformal thinned array antenna and its signal processing method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB756392A (en) * 1953-02-12 1956-09-05 Lionel Charles Heal Improvements relating to the production of skin-stressed surfaces
CN103048068A (en) * 2013-01-15 2013-04-17 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 Flexible sensing device for measuring head pressure and manufacture method thereof
CN103488832A (en) * 2013-09-23 2014-01-01 大连理工大学 Geometry repair method for damaged area of complex curved surface part
CN103682677A (en) * 2013-11-14 2014-03-26 中国科学院电子学研究所 Airship radar conformal thinned array antenna and its signal processing method

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