CN110048376A - 一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除mmc拓扑 - Google Patents

一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除mmc拓扑 Download PDF

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CN110048376A
CN110048376A CN201811525165.5A CN201811525165A CN110048376A CN 110048376 A CN110048376 A CN 110048376A CN 201811525165 A CN201811525165 A CN 201811525165A CN 110048376 A CN110048376 A CN 110048376A
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failure
inverter
cleaning
fault
mmc
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赵成勇
俞永杰
李嘉龙
李帅
贾秀芳
许建中
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North China Electric Power University
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North China Electric Power University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02Details
    • H02H3/06Details with automatic reconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1222Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the input circuit, e.g. transients in the DC input
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/1257Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to short circuit or wrong polarity in output circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current

Abstract

本发明涉及一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑,属于多端直流、直流电网技术领域;该故障自清除MMC拓扑包含换流器单元和线路单元,其中换流器单元由改进结构的换流站组成;线路单元由隔离开关、电容和若干串联的二极管并联而组成。该故障自清除MMC拓扑在正常运行的时候,其换流器单元作为换流站运行,与正常工作状态相同;线路单元由于没有接在线路中,所以也不影响系统正常运行;在故障时通过协同控制换流器单元和线路单元,实现故障的清除与隔离。

Description

一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑,属于多端直流、直流电网领域。
背景技术
柔性直流输电由于诸多优点,得到了越来越多的重视,多端直流输电和直流电网成为了未来的趋势。但是由于直流线路故障的故障电流没有过零点,所以不能像交流输电那样利用过零点灭弧,这给直流断路器的实现带来了很大的困难,目前的实现方法分为以下几种:基于叠加振荡电流产生电流过零点,进而实现电流分断,缺点是关断延迟过长,关断电流有限;直流线路增加逆变-整流环节,在逆变后的交流侧用交流断路器切断电流,缺点是关断延迟大,要等到电流过零点才能关断,且损耗大、造价昂贵;用大量的电力电子器件串联,上面并联避雷器,在正常工作时电流流过阻抗较低的支路,起到降低损耗的作用,在关断时先将电流转移到电力电子支路,然后将隔离开关打开,再用电力电子器件进行关断,用避雷器吸收故障能量。缺点是关断电流有限,而且关断时要先将电流转移到电力电子支路,还要等待隔离开关完全打开,从一定程度上加大了关断延迟。部分不依赖于直流断路器的故障清除策略,如半全混合拓扑等,由于较大的器件数量和运行损耗,很难实现较好的经济性。未来多端直流和直流电网中的直流断路器的开发依然有很多问题亟待解决,研究适用于高电压、大电流场合,且具有良好快速性、经济性的直流故障清除策略已经成为了迫切需要。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑。
本发明的目的在于克服当前高压直流断路器电压等级较低,关断较慢,造价过高的缺点。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:在正常运行的时候,换流器单元作为换流站运行,与换流站功能相同,线路单元不影响系统的正常运行;在直流线路故障发生时,换流器单元通过使并联在桥臂电抗之间的IGBT触发,将换流器的直流电位降至接近零电位;此时线路上的电容电位高于换流器,向换流器侧放电使得电容和换流器之间的故障电流降低,当故障电流降低至零时,线路上的隔离开关便可分断故障线路;电容另一侧的线路储存的能量可以经过二极管续流回路进行耗能。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的优势为:
1、关断延迟小,由于机械开关速度较慢,至少需要2ms,传统混合式断路器中的电力电子断流电路并联在机械开关支路上,需要待机械开关完全打开才能闭锁电力电子断流电路,随后还有能量吸收回路的吸能过程;而该断路器的快速机械开关没有并联支路,在故障时,执行辅助断路和电流转移操作之后即可分断快速机械开关,快速机械开关打开之后故障便得到清除,降低了关断延迟。
2、成本低,将当前工程应用的换流站附加一些电路即可改造成换流器单元,正常运行时不影响其作为换流站的功能;每条线路上不再像混合式断路器一样串联大量的全控型器件,节省了造价。
3、运行经济,由于混合式断路器配置的大量串联的全控型器件以及能量吸收回路在线路正常运行时处于闲置状态,而该方案只有能量吸收回路在正常运行时处于闲置状态,运行损耗大大减小;换流器单元在正常时可以作为换流站使用,提高了利用率。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明。
图1示出了一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑结构示意图,包括换流器单元和断路单元,其中,线路单元由快速机械开关、电容、二极管组成;
图2示出了换流器单元结构示意图,在传统换流站的上下桥臂电感之间并联了若干反向串联的IGBT开关组,同时并联了金属氧化物避雷器;
图3示出了故障清除过程的原理示意图;
图4示出了故障清除操作流程图;
图5示出了重合闸策略流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑结构如图1所示,包括换流器单元和断路单元,其中,线路单元由快速机械开关、电容、二极管组成,二极管单元由若干串联的二极管组成,其数目取决于直流电压;图二对换流器拓扑结构进行了进一步展示,在传统换流站的上下桥臂电感之间并联了并联了若干反向串联的IGBT开关组,同时并联了金属氧化物避雷器。
故障清除原理如图3所示,故障时,通过闭锁所有子模块,同时触发ICM中的T3,将换流器电位降至接近零电位,此时,其他同时向故障点和该换流器馈入故障电流;电容电压为直流线路电压,此时电容向两端放电,其中向换流站放电的部分正好将通过隔离开关的电流抵消,从而使得隔离开关能够断开故障线路。
故障清除操作流程图如图4所示:
t0时刻发生直流短路故障,所有换流站经过波传输延迟后,故障电流开始迅速增大。由于线路电感的存在,距离故障点较近的换流器所占故障电流的比例较大。
t1时刻,随着故障被定位,将近端换流器的直流侧电压降为IGBT的通态压降,使得直流线路中储存的能量通过二极管、故障线路和故障点形成的回路进行耗散,不会造成电流衰减过慢的问题。
t2时刻,当隔离开关中的电流衰减至0时,分断UFD以隔离故障线路。
t3时刻,随着UFD断口达到最大分断间隙,故障被成功隔离,此时可将换流器恢复至正常运行状态。
重合闸操作流程如图5所示,首先判断故障类型,对于永久性故障,不进行重合闸,直接进行故障检修;瞬时故障时,对于六氟化硫气体型UFD等具备带点合闸能力的UFD,可以直接闭合;对于不具备带电合闸能力的UFD,则需要先进行换流器直流侧降电压操作,为UFD的合闸创造条件,待UFD合闸成功之后再恢复换流器正常运行状态。
最后应当说明的是:所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑,其特征在于:包括换流器单元(1)、线路单元(2);其中换流器单元包括全控型器件(IGBT、IGCT等)、二极管、桥臂电感、金属氧化物避雷器、导线等;线路单元包括快速机械开关、电容、二极管等。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑,其特征在于:其换流器单元的组成结构为:在传统换流站的上下桥臂电感之间并联了反向串联的IGBT及二极管,同时并联金属氧化物避雷器;换流站采用半桥MMC、全桥MMC、半全桥混合MMC等拓扑,正常运行时该电路截止,换流器单元作为换流站运行,与换流站的功能一样,故障时作为辅助清除故障的换流器单元使用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑,其特征在于:线路单元由快速机械开关、电容、二极管组成,其中快速机械开关串联在线路上,电容和二极管并联组成剩余电流泄放回路,接在线路和接地极之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑,其特征在于:在直流线路故障发生时,换流器单元通过使并联在桥臂电抗之间的IGBT触发,将换流器的直流电位降至接近零电位;此时线路上的电容电位高于换流器,向换流器侧放电使得电容和换流器之间的故障电流降低,当故障电流降低至零时,线路上的隔离开关便可分断故障线路;电容另一侧的线路储存的能量可以经过二极管续流回路进行耗能。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除MMC拓扑,其特征在于:在线路故障清除之后,通过检测被切除线路上电流的削减过程中是否出现震荡,可判断故障的类型,继而确定重合闸策略;若电流出现震荡,则故障为瞬时故障,可以进行重合闸操作,若电流没有出现震荡,则故障为永久故障,此时不能进行重合闸;这种方式可以避免系统重合于永久故障进而导致产生更大的损失。
CN201811525165.5A 2018-12-13 2018-12-13 一种适用于直流电网的故障自清除mmc拓扑 Pending CN110048376A (zh)

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CN110676821A (zh) * 2019-10-30 2020-01-10 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 直流输电系统及其开关开断方法和装置
KR102176029B1 (ko) * 2019-06-04 2020-11-06 목포대학교 산학협력단 Dc 고장 전류의 초고속 차단을 위한 장치 및 이의 제어 방법
CN112039354A (zh) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-04 华北电力大学 一种适用于柔性直流电网故障清除的并联型混合mmc拓扑
CN112269145A (zh) * 2020-10-14 2021-01-26 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种配电网零电位故障清除方法及系统
CN114221318A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-03-22 华北电力大学 Mmc子模块电路拓扑结构、故障穿越方法及其应用

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CN106300296A (zh) * 2016-09-08 2017-01-04 华北电力大学 一种主动短路式高压直流断路器
CN108599120A (zh) * 2018-03-27 2018-09-28 中国科学院电工研究所 一种直流限流断路器

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CN104767185A (zh) * 2015-03-20 2015-07-08 浙江大学 一种具有直流故障清除能力的换流站及其控制方法
CN106300296A (zh) * 2016-09-08 2017-01-04 华北电力大学 一种主动短路式高压直流断路器
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102176029B1 (ko) * 2019-06-04 2020-11-06 목포대학교 산학협력단 Dc 고장 전류의 초고속 차단을 위한 장치 및 이의 제어 방법
CN110676821A (zh) * 2019-10-30 2020-01-10 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 直流输电系统及其开关开断方法和装置
CN112039354A (zh) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-04 华北电力大学 一种适用于柔性直流电网故障清除的并联型混合mmc拓扑
CN112269145A (zh) * 2020-10-14 2021-01-26 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种配电网零电位故障清除方法及系统
CN112269145B (zh) * 2020-10-14 2023-04-07 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种配电网零电位故障清除方法及系统
CN114221318A (zh) * 2021-12-20 2022-03-22 华北电力大学 Mmc子模块电路拓扑结构、故障穿越方法及其应用

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Application publication date: 20190723